Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| latent multiple infections by herpes simplex virus type 1. | the presence or absence of latent multiple infections with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 was investigated. dna cleavage patterns resulting from the digestion of viral dna by restriction enzymes were studied. the dna cleavage patterns of asymptomatically shed viruses isolated from the saliva of subjects at different time were compared to hsv-1 isolated from patients with hsv-1 infections of the oral cavity. if a patient had hsv-1 isolated from their saliva more than two times, the asymptomatically ... | 1996 | 8755116 |
| intracellular distribution of the orf4 gene product of varicella-zoster virus is influenced by the ie62 protein. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 4-encoded protein (ie4) possesses transactivating properties for vzv genes as well as for genes of heterologous viruses. the major regulatory immediate-early protein of vzv (ie62) is a transactivator of vzv gene expression. in transfection assays, ie4 has been shown to enhance activation induced by ie62. to investigate the functional interactions underlying this observation, indirect immunofluorescence studies were undertaken to determine whether i ... | 1996 | 8757993 |
| role of cis-acting sequences of the icpo promoter of herpes simplex virus type 1 in viral pathogenesis, latency and reactivation. | a mutant herpes simplex virus type 1, termed delta tfi, with a 350 bp deletion of the sp1, nf-kappab, taatgarats, c/ebp and f2 dna-binding elements from -420 to -70 relative to the transcriptional start site of icpo (vmw 110), was generated and characterized. the efficiency of plating of delta tfi was reduced on vero cells and it expressed correctly initiated icpo rna in the presence of cycloheximide, although rna levels were 2.5-fold lower than with wild-type (kos) and marker-rescued (delta tfi ... | 1996 | 8760437 |
| properties of the novel herpes simplex virus type 1 origin binding protein, obpc. | we have recently identified a novel 53-kda herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) protein encoded by, and in frame with, the 3' half of the ul9 open reading frame, designated obpc (k. baradaran, c. dabrowski and p. a. schaffer, j. virol. 68:4251-4261, 1994). here we show that obpc is a nuclear protein synthesized at both early and late times postinfection. in gel-shift assays in vitro-synthesized obpc bound to oris site i dna to form a complex identical in mobility to complex a, generated with infe ... | 1996 | 8764087 |
| 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)-n2-phenylguanine (hbpg), a thymidine kinase inhibitor, suppresses herpes virus reactivation in mice. | in cells of the nervous system, which have little or no cellular thymidine kinase, the pharmacologic inhibition of viral thymidine kinase may prevent the reactivation of herpes virus, which requires phosphorylated thymidine for replication. we tested a newly synthesized inhibitor of viral thymidine kinase, 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)-n2-phenylguanine (hbpg) for its capacity to suppress the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in vivo. mice, latently infected with mckrae strain hsv-1, were ... | 1996 | 8783801 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of certain disubstituted benzimidazole ribonucleosides. | ribosylation of 2-chloro-5(6)-nitrobenzimidazole (3) gave 2-chloro-5-nitro-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazol e (4a) and 2-chloro-6-nitro-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazol e (4b) as a mixture of positional isomers. subsequent hydrogenation of this mixture over raney nickel afforded the corresponding 5-amino and 6-amino derivatives 5 and 6. at this stage the products were readily resolved via silica column chromatography into pure isomeric forms, and the ... | 1996 | 8784445 |
| gene therapy for metastatic malignant melanoma: evaluation of tolerance to intratumoral injection of cells producing recombinant retroviruses carrying the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene, to be followed by ganciclovir administration. | this protocol presents a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of patients with otherwise incurable malignant metastatic melanoma. its objective is to define the safety of escalating doses of an anti-cancer treatment involving intratumoral injections of cells that produce recombinant retroviruses. the experimental treatment is based on the introduction into tumoral cells of a suicide gene coding for the herpes simple virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv1-tk). cells that express hsv1-tk become ... | 1996 | 8788175 |
| a controlled trial of oral acyclovir for iridocyclitis caused by herpes simplex virus. the herpetic eye disease study group. | to assess the benefit of adding oral acyclovir to a regimen of topical prednisolone phosphate and trifluridine for the treatment of iridocyclitis caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv). | 1996 | 8790090 |
| helper virus-free transfer of herpes simplex virus type 1 plasmid vectors into neural cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) plasmid vectors have promise for genetic intervention in the brain, but several problems caused by the helper virus have compromised their utility. to develop a helper virus-free packaging system for these vectors, the dna cleavage/packaging signals were deleted from a set of cosmids that represents the hsv-1 genome. following cotransfection into cells, this modified cosmid set supported replication and packaging of vector dna. however, in the absence of the d ... | 1996 | 8794366 |
| in vivo epinephrine reactivation of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 in the rabbit is correlated to a 370-base-pair region located between the promoter and the 5' end of the 2.0 kilobase latency-associated transcript. | a rabbit ocular model of epinephrine-induced herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation was employed to study the effect of a deletion in the latency-associated transcript domain. a viral construct derived from 17syn+, designated 17deltasty, has a deletion of 370 nucleotides between genomic positions 118880 and 119250. 17deltasty has been shown to reactivate with wild-type virus kinetics from explants of trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice. to determine the behavior of this mutant in an ... | 1996 | 8794381 |
| selective vulnerability of mouse cns neurons to latent infection with a neuroattenuated herpes simplex virus-1. | herpes simplex viruses that lack icp34.5 are neuroattenuated and are presently being considered for cancer and gene therapy in the nervous system. previously, we documented the focal presence of the latency-associated transcripts (lats) in the hippocampi of immunocompromised mice after intracranial (ic) inoculation of an icp34.5-deficient virus called strain 1716. to characterize further the biological properties of strain 1716 in the cns of immunocompetent mice, we determined the extent of vira ... | 1996 | 8795620 |
| gene therapy against cancer and hiv infection using the gene encoding herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. | the expression of the gene encoding herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) in eukaryotic cells confers sensitivity to antiherpetic drugs such as acyclovir and ganciclovir. this property has been proposed for use in gene therapy approaches to kill either cancer cells or hiv-infected cells. several animal experiments have shown the regression of tumors after in vivo transfer of the hsv-tk gene followed by ganciclovir treatment. furthermore, cd4+ t cells harboring the hsv-tk gene under the ... | 1996 | 8796890 |
| altered expression and changing distribution of the nerve growth associated protein gap-43 during ocular hsv-1 infection in the rabbit. | this research examines changes that occur in neurons during corneal herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) infection and focuses on the nerve growth associated protein gap-43. cornea and trigeminal ganglion (tg) of new zealand white rabbits were examined after inoculation of the mckrae and 17 syn+ strains of hsv-1 to the cornea. rabbit tissues were taken during acute, latent and induced reactivation stages of infection. systemic immunosuppression (intravenous injections of cyclophosphamide and dexamethaso ... | 1996 | 8799204 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant with a deletion immediately upstream of the lat locus establishes latency and reactivates from latently infected mice with normal kinetics. | the latency associated transcripts (lats) are the only abundant viral gene products detected during latent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of peripheral nerves in animals and people. a lat promoter has been identified and mutant viruses with lesions removing the promoter and surrounding region have been observed to reactivate slowly from trigeminal ganglia (tg) explanted from latently infected mice. previous work has shown that most mutants with lesions limited to regions downstream of the ... | 1996 | 8799218 |
| analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d nucleotide sequence in human herpes simplex encephalitis. | viral factors responsible for hsv neurovirulence in humans are still unknown. the aim of this work was to investigate the hypothesis that viral variants might contribute to the specific neurovirulence of some hsv strains. hsv-1 dna was recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in ten patients with hsv encephalitis (hse) and the regions of hsv-1 gd gene corresponding to known antigenic sites were analyzed by direct sequencing of pcr products. twenty-two mutations were found among a total of 6580 b ... | 1996 | 8799220 |
| fatal brain stem encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus type 1 in aids. | 1996 | 8803828 | |
| undetected viral infection in diffuse alveolar damage associated with bone marrow transplantation. | to investigate the presence of nondiagnosed viral lung infections in patients who developed acute respiratory failure and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates after bone marrow transplantation (bmt), we studied necropsy-obtained lung specimens with features of diffuse alveolar damage (dad) where no other specific histological diagnosis could be established, by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. lung tissue samples obtained at necropsy from 19 patients (12 males and 7 females; 31 +/- ... | 1996 | 8804937 |
| evaluation of antiherpetic compounds using a gastric cancer cell line: pronounced activity of bvdu against herpes simplex virus replication. | we developed a rapid and simple method for the screening of antiviral agents against herpes simplex virus (hsv) in a model of gastrointestinal herpetic infection in vitro. this method was based on inhibition of hsv-induced cytopathogenicity in gastric adenocarcinoma mkn-28 cells, as monitored by an mtt colorimetric assay. from the various compounds that were evaluated for their activity against hsv-1 and hsv-2, brivudine (bvdu) emerged as the most effective. when the 50% effective concentration ... | 1996 | 8805100 |
| herpes simplex 1716--an icp 34.5 mutant--is severely replication restricted in human skin xenografts in vivo. | hsv-1716 is a replication-restricted, neuroattenuated icp 34.5 gene mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). because of the attenuated phenotype of icp 34.5 mutants in rodent models of hsv disease, they have been promoted as potential vaccine strains and gene therapy vectors and have been used by us and others as therapeutic agents for the treatment of experimental malignant tumors. however, all data on the phenotype of hsv-1716 and other icp 34.5 mutants are from animal model systems, whi ... | 1996 | 8806577 |
| replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna is inhibited in a temperature-sensitive mutant of bhk-21 cells lacking rcc1 (regulator of chromosome condensation) and virus dna remains linear. | tsbn2, a temperature-sensitive (ts) growth mutant of the hamster cell line bhk-21, has a point mutation in the rcc1 (regulator of chromosome condensation) gene, and prematurely enters mitosis at 39.5 degrees c, a nonpermissive temperature. in this mutant at 39.5 degrees c infectious progeny of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was not produced and replication of hsv-1 dna was inhibited. hsv-1 dna from virus particles is normally circularized upon infection, and circularized hsv-1 dna molecules ... | 1996 | 8811026 |
| open reading frame p--a herpes simplex virus gene repressed during productive infection encodes a protein that binds a splicing factor and reduces synthesis of viral proteins made from spliced mrna. | the open reading frame p (orf p) is located in the domain and on the dna strand of the herpes simplex virus 1 transcribed during latent infection. orf p is not expressed in productively infected cells as a consequence of repression by the binding of the major viral regulatory protein to its high-affinity binding site. in cells infected with a mutant virus carrying a derepressed gene, orf p protein is extensively posttranslationally processed. we report that orf p interacts with a component of th ... | 1996 | 8816816 |
| long-term persistence of defective hsv-1 vectors in the rat brain is demonstrated by reactivation of vector gene expression. | wild-type hsv-1 is known to persist indefinitely in neurons in the latent state; however, defective hsv-1 vectors, or amplicons, contain only approximately 1% of the hsv-1 genome and persistence of these hsv-1 vectors has not been studied even semiquantitatively in the adult rat brain. defective hsv-1 vectors contain both an hsv-1 origin of replication and a packaging site, and in the presence of helper virus can undergo dna replication and packaging into hsv-1 particles. our prototype defective ... | 1996 | 8818649 |
| herpesvirus vector-mediated gene delivery to human monocytes. | in vitro delivery of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) to cultured human monocytes by means of a replication-incompetent herpesvirus vector inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication. to explore the possibility of ifn-alpha gene delivery by vector-infected human monocytes, monocytes were isolated and the culture conditions necessary for efficient vector infection and gene expression were examined. monocytes were efficiently infected between 1 and 7 days after isolation. expression of ifn ... | 1996 | 8818720 |
| herpetic stromal disease: response to acyclovir/steroid therapy. | the efficacy of combined acyclovir and steroid therapy in the treatment of herpetic stromal disease was evaluated by clinical evaluation of disease, the rebound of disease following termination of therapy, and the recovery of virus and viral dna from corneas in a rabbit model. therapy with acyclovir alone produced a significant reduction in corneal thickness in 10% of eyes. addition of steroid to acyclovir therapy decreased the severity of stromal disease as measured by corneal thickness and inc ... | 1996 | 8828724 |
| acyclic nucleotide analogs derived from 8-azapurines: synthesis and antiviral activity. | reaction of phosphoroorganic synthons with 8-azaadenine, 8-aza-2, 6-diaminopurine, and 8-azaguanine using cesium carbonate yielded regioisomeric 8-azapurine n7-, n8-, and n9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkyl) derivatives. this reaction followed by deprotection afforded isomeric 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl (pme), (s)-(3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(s)-hpmp], (s)-(3-flouro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(s)-fpmp], (s)-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(s)-pmp], and (r)-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(r)- ... | 1996 | 8831773 |
| intranuclear retention of ribosomal rnas in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | the localization of ribosomal rna (rrna) was investigated at the ultrastructural level in herpes simplex virus type 1 infected hela cells using three distinct biotinylated probes which bind in sequence to three different segments of the ribosomal genes. comparison of the above with the signal levels obtained from non-infected cells reveals information about the effects of hsv-1 infection on ribosome biogenesis. a probe specific for the 5' end portion of pre-rrna labeled all nucleoli of both non- ... | 1996 | 8834797 |
| a case of varicella-zoster myelopathy. | early diagnosis of neurological complications of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is important because of its treatability. we performed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect vzv-dna from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of a patient with myelopathy. | 1996 | 8836311 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 alters transcript levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in retinal glial cells. | studies were performed to determine whether retinal müller cells transcribe genes for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha). isolated murine retinas were used to test whether these cytokines were upregulated in the retina in vivo after anterior chamber inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the effects of exposure to hsv-1 or interferon-gamma (ifn gamma) on transcript levels of these cytokines in cultured retinal glia also wer ... | 1996 | 8843914 |
| the detection of latency-associated transcripts of equine herpesvirus 1 in ganglionic neurons. | neural tissues from specific pathogen-free ponies that had been experimentally infected with equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) were analysed by in situ hybridization. digoxigenin-labelled ehv-1 bamhi fragments spanning almost the entire ehv-1 genome were hybridized to rna in tissue sections from latently infected trigeminal ganglia. the bamhi e fragment detected ehv-1 rna antisense to gene 63 (hsv-1 homologue icp0) in a small number of neurons. sixteen other bamhi fragments gave negative results in 2 ... | 1995 | 8847517 |
| the origin-binding domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul9 protein is not required for dna helicase activity. | the ul9 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 binds to specific sequences within the viral origins of dna replication and also functions as a dna helicase. the c-terminal 317 amino acids of the 851 residue protein specify sequence-specific binding to the viral origins and the n-terminal 400 contain several motifs characteristic of many dna and rna helicases. to investigate whether the origin-binding domain is required for helicase function we have expressed a truncated version comprising amino ... | 1995 | 8847519 |
| recurrent brainstem encephalitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 dna in cerebrospinal fluid. | a 47-year-old man had recurrent signs and symptoms of brainstem encephalitis over a 4-year period. although csf viral cultures were repeatedly negative, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna was detected in csf by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). hsv-1-specific antibodies were absent at the time of the first positive pcr test, but csf seroconversion to high hsv-1-specific antibody titer subsequently occurred. csf antibody to cytomegalovirus (cmv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was not detect ... | 1995 | 8848201 |
| quantitative analysis of polymerase chain reaction products by dot blot. | quantitative analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products is usually accomplished by gel electrophoresis and southern blotting. we have developed an alternative technique that allows pcr products to be directly quantitated from unfractionated samples. the pcr was used to amplify genomic (endogenous) dna sequences (actin) and exogenous dna (herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) ribonucleotide reductase) isolated from the trigeminal ganglia of rabbits to demonstrate the dot blot method of pcr pro ... | 1996 | 8850545 |
| genital herpes simplex virus infection in females in ibadan nigeria. | in a study of female patients attending the sexually transmitted diseases clinic of the university college hospital ibadan, nigeria, herpes simplex virus was isolated from the cervix of 5 of 117 patients, a prevalence rate of 4.3%. two (1.7%) of these patients had hsv in the vagina. the viruses were identified by culture in hep-2 cell line, chloroform sensitivity test, complement fixation test and indirect immuno-fluorescent antibody technique. only one (20%) of the five patients has hsv-1 in th ... | 1996 | 8855674 |
| differential regulation of the hiv-1 ltr by specific nf-kappa b subunits in hsv-1-infected cells. | previous studies have shown that expression of hiv-1 provirus was enhanced in cells co-infected with the herpes virus and that hsv-1-mediated induction of the hiv-1 provirus expression involved both nf-kappa b-dependent and nf-kappa b-independent mechanisms. nuclear nf-kappa b complexes could be detected approximately 8 hr after hsv-1 infection. using nf-kappa b-specific antibodies in a mobility shift assay, we have found that hsv-1 increases binding of p50, p65, and c-rel to the hiv-1 nf-kappa ... | 1996 | 8862416 |
| vaccination with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein k impairs clearance of virus from the trigeminal ganglia resulting in chronic infection. | following primary ocular infection, hsv-1 establishes a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia with the complete absence of detectable infectious virus. recently, we showed that vaccination of balb/cj with hsv-1 glycoprotein k (gk), but not other hsv-1 glycoproteins, significantly exacerbated the severity of hsv-1-induced ocular disease and herpetic dermatitis (h. ghiasi et al. j. virol. 68, 2347-2354, 1994). we now report that prior vaccination with gk blocked viral clearance from trigemina ... | 1996 | 8862430 |
| enhancement of gene expression by marek's disease virus homologue of the herpes simplex virus-1 icp4. | 1996 | 8870396 | |
| clinical characteristics of acyclovir-resistant herpetic keratitis and experimental studies of isolates. | we treated two patients with dendritic keratitis that did not respond to acyclovir (acv) ointment therapy. their systemic immune status was normal: however, one patient had a long history of atopic disease and the other had previously undergone topical corticosteroid treatment. hsv-1 was isolated from the patients and inoculated into animals to investigate its viral pathogenicity and latent infection. | 1996 | 8871163 |
| slow viral replication of hsv-1 is responsible for early recurrence of herpetic keratitis after corneal grafting. | the presence of herpetic dna has been shown in diseased and healthy corneal tissue. a clinical correlation with the activity of the disease has not yet been demonstrated. this study was done to evaluate the use of dna amplification for hsv-1 from different sites for the clinical prognosis after corneal grafting. | 1996 | 8871164 |
| induction of a protective immune response by mucosal vaccination with a disc hsv-1 vaccine. | the vaccine potential of a genetically disabled herpes simplex virus type 1 virus (disc hsv-1) was investigated in the guinea pig model of intravaginal (i.vag.) hsv-2 infection. three mucosal vaccination routes, i.vag., intranasal (i.n.) and oral, were compared for their ability to protect guinea pigs from challenge with wild-type hsv-2. each was effective, particularly the i.n. route, which almost completely abolished primary disease. this was accompanied by significantly lower challenge virus ... | 1996 | 8873393 |
| comparison of the association with eczema herpeticum in the two predominant genotypes of herpes simplex virus type 1. | eczema herpeticum, sometimes called kaposi's varicelliform eruption, is usually caused by a disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in a patient whose underlying skin disease in atopic dermatitis. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a widespread infectious agent in human populations, is the etiologic agent of eczema herpeticum. analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of hsv-1 strains isolated in japan, using restriction endonucleases, revealed the presence of two predomi ... | 1996 | 8877767 |
| interferon gamma regulates platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 expression and neutrophil infiltration into herpes simplex virus-infected mouse corneas. | in a mouse model of herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 corneal infection, tissue destruction results from a cd4+ t cell-mediated chronic inflammation, in which interleukin 2 and interferon (ifn) gamma are requisite inflammatory mediators and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) are the predominant infiltrating cells. in vivo neutralization of ifn-gamma relieved inflammation at least in part through a specific block of pmn extravasation into hsv-1-infected corneas. intercellular adhesion molecule (icam) ... | 1996 | 8879215 |
| growth inhibition of herpes simplex virus-type 1 in calphostin c-treated astrocytes. | the aim was to evaluate the effects of calphostin c (cc), a protein kinase c inhibitor, on lytic herpes simplex virus-type 1 infection of cultured rat astrocytes. at 24 h postinjection, the cell culture receiving cc treatment at 50 nm concentration showed decreased cell detachment and retraction versus untreated infected controls; likewise, the infective virus yield was significantly lower in a dose-dependent manner. in contrast, image analysis failed to disclose differences in viral antigen imm ... | 1995 | 8880383 |
| determination of the dna target sequence of poorly reactivable strain hszp of herpes simplex virus type 1 by polymerase chain reaction. | hszp strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-unlike strains kos, sc16 and angpath-established latency in the homolateral trigeminal ganglion of mice at a limited rate (21%) when tested by reactivation of latent virus in culture. if a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for virus dna detection was used, the positivity rate was 63-100%. the detection rate of hszp dna in acutely infected gangla did not differ from that of sc16 dna provided that the sensitivity of pcr was below 20 pg of hsz ... | 1996 | 8886093 |
| human interferon reduces surface expression but not total production of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins gc and ge in heterologous hamster cells. | the effect of interferon (ifn) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-induced glycoproteins gc and ge was investigated in a heterologous ifn/cell model. in this model, the effect on surface expression of the glycoproteins could be studied separately from the effect on virus multiplication. pretreatment of baby hamster kidney cells (bhk) with heterologous human leukocyte ifn suppressed surface expression of hsv-1-encoded gc and ge but had no influence on total production of the glycoproteins. thi ... | 1996 | 8887056 |
| in vivo complementation studies of a glycoprotein h-deleted herpes simplex virus-based vector. | the utilization of herpes simplex virus (hsv) as a vector for gene delivery to the nervous system or as a live vaccine delivery system is dependent on the construction and characterization of disabled virus mutants which are unable to cause disease. under certain circumstances, however, replication-defective vectors may carry a potential risk if they can be efficiently complemented by a co-infecting wild-type virus. stocks of defective vectors should, therefore, be free from replication-competen ... | 1996 | 8887491 |
| reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the mouse trigeminal ganglion: an in vivo study of virus antigen and immune cell infiltration. | the corneas of latently infected mice were uv irradiated to induce reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in the trigeminal ganglion (tg). on days 1 to 4 after irradiation, tg were removed, serially sectioned and double stained to identify immune cells and virus antigens. virus antigen was detected in small numbers (most commonly one) of neurons per ganglion as early as day 1, confirming the rapidity of reactivation and the neuron as the likely site of this event. the immune respons ... | 1996 | 8887494 |
| viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. | chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue associated with complaints of fevers, sore throat, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, sleep disturbances, neurocognitive difficulties, and depression. a striking feature of cfs is its sudden onset following an acute, presumably viral, illness and the subsequent recurrent "flu-like" symptoms. it has been speculated that both cfs and debilitating chronic fatigue (cf) that does not meet strict criteria for cfs may be the direct ... | 1996 | 8890037 |
| the rgg box motif of the herpes simplex virus icp27 protein mediates an rna-binding activity and determines in vivo methylation. | icp27 is an essential herpes simplex virus type 1 nuclear regulatory protein that is required for efficient viral gene expression. although the mechanism by which icp27 regulates genes is unknown, a variety of evidence suggests that it functions posttranscriptionally, and recent studies indicate that it is an rna-binding protein. previously, we noted that a short arginine- and glycine-rich sequence in icp27 (residues 138 to 152) is similar to an rgg box motif, a putative rna-binding determinant ... | 1996 | 8892862 |
| characterization of the products of the u(l)43 gene of herpes simplex virus 1: potential implications for regulation of gene expression by antisense transcription. | the products, rna or proteins, of the herpes simplex virus 1 open reading frame u(l)43 have not been previously identified. the expression of an open reading frame antisense to u(l)43, u(l)43.5 (p. l. ward, d. e. barker, and b. roizman, j. virol. 70:2684-2690, 1996), has been reported. we report the existence of a transcript corresponding to the domain of the u(l)43 open reading frame extending approximately 30 bp from the predicted tata box to the predicted polyadenylation signal. the rna of th ... | 1996 | 8892886 |
| virus-specific interaction between the human cytomegalovirus major capsid protein and the c terminus of the assembly protein precursor. | we previously identified a minimal 12-amino-acid domain in the c terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) scaffolding protein which is required for interaction with the hsv-1 major capsid protein. an alpha-helical structure which maximizes the hydropathicity of the minimal domain is required for the interaction. to address whether cytomegalovirus (cmv) utilizes the same strategy for capsid assembly, several glutathione s-transferase fusion proteins to the c terminus of the cmv assembl ... | 1996 | 8892933 |
| herpes simplex virus-1 entry into cells mediated by a novel member of the tnf/ngf receptor family. | we identified and cloned a cellular mediator of herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry. hamster and swine cells resistant to viral entry became susceptible upon expression of a human cdna encoding this protein, designated hvem (for herpesvirus entry mediator). hvem was shown to mediate the entry of several wild-type hsv strains of both serotypes. anti-hvem antibodies and a soluble hybrid protein containing the hvem ectodomain inhibited hvem-dependent infection but not virus binding to cells. mutations ... | 1996 | 8898196 |
| in vivo transgene activation from an hsv-based gene therapy vector by gal4:vp16. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has many attributes which make it attractive as a base for the development of vectors for the delivery of transgenes to the nervous system. in this report we describe the adaptation of the bipartite gal4:vp16 transactivation system to replication-deficient hsv vectors. we demonstrate that the recombinant transactivator gal4:vp16 produced from a replication-deficient hsv vector is capable of activating transcription of a reporter gene using a synthetic promoter ... | 1996 | 8908503 |
| effects of nerve growth factor and phorbol derivative on reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cultured cells of latently infected adult mouse trigeminal ganglia. | reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) occurred rapidly in cells of latently infected adult mouse trigeminal ganglia which were cultured in serum-free medium in the presence of sufficient nerve growth factor (ngf). however, hsv-1 reactivation was delayed significantly in ganglionic cultures in the absence of exogenous ngf or in cultures treated with 2-aminopurine in the presence of ngf. the delayed viral reactivation in ganglionic cultures without ngf was accelerated by treatment wi ... | 1996 | 8908609 |
| toxicity and tolerability of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | we examined the toxicity of both single and multiple subcutaneous injections of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor (rhcntf) in 72 patients with als, in doses ranging from 2 to 100 micrograms/kg. adverse events were generally dose related and ranged from mild to severe. the tolerability of daily subcutaneous rhcntf was equivalent to placebo at doses < or = 5 micrograms/kg/day. at higher doses, anorexia, weight loss, reactivation of herpes simplex virus (hsv1) labialis/stomatitis, cough ... | 1996 | 8909453 |
| partial substitution of the functions of the herpes simplex virus 1 u(l)13 gene by the human cytomegalovirus u(l)97 gene. | the predicted amino acid sequence of the human cytomegalovirus u(l)97 protein bears partial homology to the herpes simplex virus 1 u(l)13 protein, especially in regions that are homologous to conserved domains characteristic of protein kinases. earlier studies showed that u(l)13 mediated the posttranslational processing of several herpes simplex virus 1 proteins including icp22. whereas no kinase activity has been specifically attributed to u(l)13, it has been shown that u(l)97 can phosphorylate ... | 1996 | 8918921 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for antibodies to herpes simplex viruses, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c among southwestern hispanic and non-hispanic white women. | few published data describe the seroprevalence of antibodies to herpes viruses and hepatitis viruses among southwestern minority women. | 1996 | 8919741 |
| long-lived cytotoxic t lymphocyte memory in mucosal tissues after mucosal but not systemic immunization. | the induction and maintenance of long-term ctl memory at mucosal surfaces may be a critical component of protection against mucosal pathogens and is one goal towards development of effective mucosal vaccines. in these studies we have functionally evaluated short and long-term ctl memory in systemic and respiratory or genital-associated lymphoid tissues following mucosal or systemic routes of immunization. our results indicate that shortly after immunizing mice with a recombinant adenovirus vecto ... | 1996 | 8920875 |
| unusual course of herpes simplex virus encephalitis after acyclovir therapy. | this is a report on a case of herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) taking an unusual course after initially successful acyclovir therapy. the etiology of hse was proven serologically, by repeated detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific dna sequences in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and was supported by cerebral imaging. after both the neurological symptoms and laboratory findings had improved initially under acyclovir therapy, the patient's clinical conditi ... | 1996 | 8923051 |
| transgenic mice expressing the thymus leukemia antigen fail to control cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection. | tl-transgenic mice expressing the thymus leukemia antigen demonstrate a lack of viral clearance following cutaneous hsv infection of the footpad. in this study, both uninfected and hsv-infected tl-transgenic mice demonstrate increased concentrations of il-4 as well as decreased concentrations of ifn-gamma which may possibly underlie the impairment of viral clearance. furthermore, lymphocytes from hsv-infected nontransgenic mice, adoptively transferred into hsv-infected tl-transgenic mice, promot ... | 1996 | 8929457 |
| long-term survival in a rodent model of disseminated brain tumors by combined intrathecal delivery of herpes vectors and ganciclovir treatment. | brain tumors that have disseminated into cerebrospinal fluid (csf) pathways are an unresolved therapeutic problem, especially in pediatric neurooncology. here a gene therapy approach using the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-tk)/ganciclovir (gcv) paradigm was tested using an hsv vector in a rodent model of disseminated central nervous system tumors. 9l-gliosarcoma cells were implanted simultaneously into the brain and the csf of syngeneic rats. five days later, resulting intrac ... | 1996 | 8930659 |
| prolonged in vivo gene expression driven by a tyrosine hydroxylase promoter in a defective herpes simplex virus amplicon vector. | a 9.0-kb fragment of the tyrosine hydroxylase (th) promoter, previously shown to direct tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice, was fused to an escherichia coli lacz reporter gene in a defective herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) amplicon vector (thlac). the hsv immediate early (ie) 4/5 promoter (hsvlac) was used as a control. lacz gene expression was visualized by x-gal histochemical and th immunocytochemical analysis. two days and 10 weeks after thlac injection into rat caudate nucleus ... | 1996 | 8930662 |
| prevalence of herpesviridae and hepatitis b virus dna in the liver of patients with non-a, non-b fulminant hepatic failure. | members of the herpes virus family and hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been implicated as etiologic agents in non-a, non-b (nanb) fulminant hepatic failure (fhf), but the frequency of infection with these agents has not been established using appropriate controls. to examine this issue, we studied 50 nanb fhf patients and 104 liver transplant recipients from north america and europe. hepatic dna was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for evidence of epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegaloviru ... | 1996 | 8938162 |
| modified entry and syncytium formation by herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants selected for resistance to heparin inhibition. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutants were selected by passage of hsv-1 (kos) in hep-2 cells such that binding and penetration occurred in the presence of heparin. analysis of selected uncloned virus pools revealed that approximately 95% of virus formed syncytia and greater than 58% were gc-negative. plaque-purified gc-negative syncytial mutants were more resistant than hsv-1 (kos) to heparin inhibition, as was an engineered nonsyncytial recombinant deleted for gc, delta gc6. thus, absence ... | 1996 | 8941319 |
| phosphorylation of the herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein vp22. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein vp22 is known to be highly phosphorylated during infection. here we show that two electrophoretic forms of vp22 can be identified in infected cell extracts and that this heterogeneity is accounted for by phosphorylation. furthermore, the nonphosphorylated form of vp22 appears to be specifically incorporated into virions. we also show that the phosphorylated form of vp22 is the only form detected during transient transfection and as such that vp22 ... | 1996 | 8941333 |
| the ul 16 gene product of herpes simplex virus 1 is a virion protein that colocalizes with intranuclear capsid proteins. | the ul16 gene of herpes simplex virus maps within the intron of the ul 15 gene. this report shows the following: (i) a polyclonal antiserum directed against a bacterial fusion protein containing glutathione s-transferase fused to the c-terminus of the ul 16 gene reacted with an apparent m(r) 40,000 protein in hsv-1 infected cell lysates. (ii) the protein encoded by ul 16 was dependent on viral dna synthesis for accumulation to detectable levels. (iii) in immunofluorescence studies, the polyclona ... | 1996 | 8955043 |
| therapy of a murine model of pediatric brain tumors using a herpes simplex virus type-1 icp34.5 mutant and demonstration of viral replication within the cns. | to develop improved therapies for medulloblastoma, we studied the ability of a neuroattenuated hsv-1 icp34.5 mutant (variant-1716) to replicate within and destory an authentic medulloblastoma cell line known as med 283 (d283) using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and viral titrations. in vitro studies showed that variant-1716 replicates in and destroys monolayers of d283 cells with kinetics similar to wild-type strain 17+. when d283 tumor-bearing animals were treated with variant-17 ... | 1996 | 8957450 |
| synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis(s-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (pmea) as potential pmea prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability. | a new series of hitherto unknown 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (pmea) phosphonodiester derivatives incorporating carboxyesterase-labile s-acyl-2-thioethyl (sate) moieties as transient phosphonate-protecting groups was prepared in an attempt to increase the oral bioavailability of the antiviral agent pmea. we report here a direct comparison of the in vitro anti-hiv and anti-hsv activities as well as the in vitro stability between the bis(sate) derivatives and the already known pmea prodrug ... | 1996 | 8960556 |
| a hybrid herpesvirus infectious vector based on epstein-barr virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 for gene transfer into human cells in vitro and in vivo. | we have developed a miniviral vector, ph300, based on the human herpesviruses 1 and 4, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and epstein-barr virus (ebv), carrying ebv sequences for plasmid episomal maintenance and hsv-1 sequences for amplification and packaging in multimeric form into hsv-1 capsids in the presence of a helper virus and helper cell line. a reporter gene, the bacterial lacz gene, which expressed beta-galactosidase, was inserted into the multiple cloning site of ph300 to make ph300 ... | 1996 | 8970963 |
| an african swine fever virus virulence-associated gene nl-s with similarity to the herpes simplex virus icp34.5 gene. | we described previously an african swine fever virus (asfv) open reading frame, 23-nl, in the african isolate malawi lil 20/1 whose product shared significant similarity in a carboxyl-terminal domain with those of a mouse myeloid differentiation primary response gene, myd116, and the herpes simplex virus neurovirulence-associated gene, icp34.5 (m. d. sussman, z. lu, g. kutish, c. l. afonso, p. roberts, and d. l. rock, j. virol. 66:5586-5589, 1992). the similarity of 23-nl to these genes suggeste ... | 1996 | 8971015 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a marek's disease virus origin binding protein (obp) reveals strict conservation of structural motifs among obps of divergent alphaherpesviruses. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly cell-associated avian herpesvirus. in its natural host, mdv induces marek's disease (md), a lethal condition characterized by malignant lymphoma of t cells. although symptoms of md may be prevented by vaccination, no practical pharmacological method of control has been widely accepted. viral replication represents a point at which pharmacological control of herpesvirus infection may be most successful. however, this requires detailed knowledge of viral rep ... | 1996 | 8972568 |
| herpes simplex virus infections. | 1996 | 8973122 | |
| relationship of the strain and the intraocular amount of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in the induction of anterior-chamber-associated immune deviation. | we investigated the induction of anterior-chamber-associated immune deviation (acaid) by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2). two strains of hsv-1 (vr-3 and f) and four strains of hsv-2 (uw-268, 186, sl, and ms) were inactivated with ultraviolet light, and the anterior chamber of balb/c mice was inoculated with a viral strain. immunization against delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) was done subcutaneously on day 7 after anterior chamber inoculation. on day 10 after dth immuni ... | 1996 | 8979277 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c and herpes simplex virus type 1 is not increased in children with liver kidney microsomal type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. | 1996 | 8985841 | |
| herpes simplex virus-1 plasmid vectors for gene transfer into neurons. | 1997 | 8993693 | |
| association of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp22 with transcriptional complexes containing eap, icp4, rna polymerase ii, and viral dna requires posttranslational modification by the u(l)13 proteinkinase. | the expression of herpes simplex virus 1 gamma (late) genes requires functional alpha proteins (gamma1 genes) and the onset of viral dna synthesis (gamma2 genes). we report that late in infection after the onset of viral dna synthesis, cell nuclei exhibit defined structures which contain two viral regulatory proteins (infected cell proteins 4 and 22) required for gamma gene expression, rna polymerase ii, a host nucleolar protein (eap or l22) known to be associated with ribosomes and to bind smal ... | 1997 | 8995634 |
| comparative analysis of hsv-1 temperature mutants proteins and their reactivity. | protein's characteristic of temperature sensitive (ts 28 degrees c) and temperature resistant (tr 39 degrees c) mutants and native hsv-1 strain was performed. electrophoretic and western-blott analysis of virus proteins and their reactivity tested by immunoenzymatic staining was the main subject of the presented paper. there were found no significant differences in the protein structure between native strain and its temperature clones in electrophoresis. it is important that slight differences o ... | 1996 | 8997692 |
| the dutpases from herpes simplex virus type 1 and mouse mammary tumour virus are less specific than the escherichia coli enzyme. | the enzyme dutpase catalyses the hydrolysis of dutp to dump and pyrophosphate, thereby suppressing incorporation of uracil into dna and providing a pool of dump, the precursor of dttp. hydrolysis of other nucleotides similar in structure to dutp would conceivably be physiologically detrimental and high specificity of the reaction seems to be necessary. in this work, we characterize the substrate specificity of the dutpases from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and mouse mammary tumour virus ( ... | 1996 | 9000104 |
| intercellular trafficking and protein delivery by a herpesvirus structural protein. | we show that the hsv-1 structural protein vp22 has the remarkable property of intercellular transport, which is so efficient that following expression in a subpopulation the protein spreads to every cell in a monolayer, where it concentrates in the nucleus and binds chromatin. vp22 movement was observed both after delivery of dna by transfection or microinjection and during virus infection. moreover, we demonstrate that vp22 trafficking occurs via a nonclassical golgi-independent mechanism. sens ... | 1997 | 9008163 |
| replacement of the herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw175 dna binding domain with its varicella-zoster virus counterpart results in a protein with novel regulatory properties that can support virus growth. | the alphaherpesviruses encode major immediate early transactivator proteins that are essential for the expression of later classes of viral genes. we have previously shown that the extensive sequence similarity between the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) members of the family (proteins vmw175 and vzv140k) extends to function, since a virus which expresses vzv140k in place of vmw175 is able to grow, albeit at reduced efficiency. we have also shown that the dna ... | 1997 | 9010302 |
| proinflammatory functions of il-2 in herpes simplex virus corneal infection. | herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of corneas can lead to blinding inflammation in the corneal stroma, which is referred to clinically as herpes stromal keratitis. in our mouse model of this prevalent human disease, a heavy polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) infiltration of the infected cornea leads to progressive tissue destruction. this inflammatory process can be abrogated by in vivo depletion of cd4 t lymphocytes and by neutralization of the cytokines il-2 and ifn-gamma. the goal of this ... | 1997 | 9013970 |
| persistence of ribosomal protein synthesis after infection of hela cells by herpes simplex virus type 1. | because synthesis of rrna persists late during herpes simplex type 1 infection and because s6 phosphorylation is always correlated with efficient translation of ribosomal protein mrna, we tested the hypothesis that ribosomal protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis could persist after infection. at different times after infection, proteins were labelled with 35s for 1 h before harvesting and ribosomes were purified. measurement of radioactivity incorporated into individual ribosomal proteins se ... | 1997 | 9018067 |
| biochemical analyses of mutations in the hsv-1 helicase-primase that alter atp hydrolysis, dna unwinding, and coupling between hydrolysis and unwinding. | herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes a heterotrimeric helicase-primase composed of the products of the ul5, ul52, and ul8 genes. ul5 possesses six motifs conserved among superfamily 1 of helicase proteins. substitutions of conserved residues in each motif abolishes dna replication in vivo (zhu, l., and weller, s. k. (1992) j. virol. 66, 469-479). purified ul5.52 harboring a gly to ala change in motif v retains primase and helicase activities in vitro but exhibits a higher km for single-stranded d ... | 1997 | 9020191 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of the herpes simplex virus type-1 dna polymerase. | 1996 | 9026637 | |
| nonisotopic assays of viral polymerases and related proteins. | 1996 | 9026643 | |
| detection of human viruses in periodontal pockets using polymerase chain reaction. | even though viruses have been implicated in the etiology of several medical and dental disorders, little or no data are available on the possible involvement of human viruses in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease. this study investigated the presence of human cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in crevicular fluid samples from 30 patients with advanced periodontitis and 26 subjects with gingivitis. vira ... | 1996 | 9028252 |
| formation of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication compartments by transfection: requirements and localization to nuclear domain 10. | during infection, the seven essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication proteins are found in globular nuclear structures called replication compartments. replication compartments form adjacent to nd10, nuclear matrix-bound domains which are present in most cell types but whose function is unknown (g. g. maul, i. m. ishov, and r. d. everett, virology 217:67-75, 1996). we now demonstrate that replication compartments can be formed by cotransfecting vero cells with constructs express ... | 1997 | 9032376 |
| suppression of apoptotic dna fragmentation in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells. | hep-2 cells underwent apoptosis when the cells were incubated in medium containing sorbitol. infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) prior to the sorbitol treatment suppressed this apoptosis completely, indicating that hsv-1 carries an antiapoptosis gene. in addition, hsv-1 multiplication was restricted in these apoptotic hep-2 cells. | 1997 | 9032402 |
| immune responses in mice induced by hsv-1 glycoproteins presented with iscoms or nisv delivery systems. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of a herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) antigen preparation, obtained following zwitterionic detergent treatment of virus, and incorporation of the antigens into either immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) or non-ionic surfactant vesicles (nisv) delivery systems. using balb/c mice the iscom and nisv hsv-1 vaccines were assayed for their capacity to induce and enhance both the humoral and cellular immune responses, and to elicit protec ... | 1996 | 9032885 |
| hsv/aav hybrid amplicon vectors extend transgene expression in human glioma cells. | novel hybrid vectors, which incorporate critical elements of both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) amplicon vectors and adeno-associated virus (aav) vectors, are able to sustain transgene expression in dividing glioma cells for over 2 weeks. these vectors combine the high infectibility and large transgene capacity of hsv-1 vectors with the potential for episomal amplification and chromosomal integration of aav vectors. the hybrid vectors contain the hsv-1 origin of dna replication, oris, and ... | 1997 | 9048203 |
| the 25 amino acid residues at the carboxy terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul26.5 protein are required for the formation of the capsid shell around the scaffold. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) polypeptides specified by overlapping genes ul26 and ul26.5 form a scaffold around which the icosahedral capsid shell is assembled. in a series of cleavage events catalysed by the ul26-encoded protease, the full-length ul26 product is processed into capsid proteins vp24 and vp21 and the ul26.5 protein is converted into the capsid protein vp22a by the loss of 25 amino acids from its carboxy terminus. the roles of the ul26 and ul26.5 products were investigated u ... | 1995 | 9049368 |
| prophylactic efficacy of traditional herbal medicines against recurrent herpes simplex virus type 1 infection from latently infected ganglia in mice. | traditional herbal medicines with anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) activity in vivo were examined for their prophylactic effects on recurrent hsv-1 infection in mice. mice were intradermally infected with hsv-1 in the pinna and recurrent hsv-1 disease was induced by ultraviolet irradiation. herbal extracts arrested the progression of recurrent hsv-1 disease, reduced the incidence of severe erythema and/or vesicles in the pinna, and/or shortened the period of severe recurrent lesions comp ... | 1997 | 9049811 |
| evaluation of a novel lipid prodrug for intraocular drug delivery: effect of acyclovir diphosphate dimyristoylglycerol in a rabbit model with herpes simplex virus-1 retinitis. | acyclovir diphosphate dimyristoylglycerol is a lipid prodrug of acyclovir that forms liposomes and provides substantial activity against herpes simplex virus, acyclovir-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus, and human cytomegalovirus. we therefore tested this promising new drug in a rabbit model of herpes simplex retinitis. | 1997 | 9051844 |
| a continuous spectrophotometric assay for aspartate transcarbamylase and atpases. | a new continuous coupled uv-spectrophotometric assay is described for two phosphate-releasing enzymes, aspartate transcarbamylase and atpase of herpes simplex virus (hsv). phosphate release is coupled to the phosphorolysis of the nucleoside analog 7-methylinosine (m7ino) catalyzed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase. when this reaction is monitored at 291 nm, the coupled assay can readily detect 10 nmol pi released/min. our method offers advantages over a recently reported continuous assay devise ... | 1997 | 9056187 |
| design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of 2-chloro-5,6-dihalo-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazoles as potential agents for human cytomegalovirus infections. | 2-chloro-5,6-difluorobenzimidazole (8) was prepared from 4,5-difluoro-2-nitroaniline (5) via successive reduction, cyclization, and diazotization reactions. 2-chloro-5,6-dibromobenzimidazole (10) was obtained by a direct bromination of 2-chlorobenzimidazole (9) with bromine-water. 2-chloro-5,6-diiodobenzimidazole (15) was synthesized by a stepwise transformation of the nitro functions of 2-chloro-5,6-dinitrobenzimidazole (11) into iodo groups via diazotization reactions. ribosylation of 8, 10, a ... | 1997 | 9057868 |
| antigenic differences between hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoproteins and their importance for type-specific serology. | the ability to discriminate between herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) infections by serological means is of increasing importance for clinical virological diagnostics. hsv type-specific serology has a number of applications, e.g. to guide duration and dosage of antiviral therapy, to allow for stringent epidemiological analyses, to evaluate efficacy of hsv vaccine candidates, and to help the clinician during counseling of couples where one has genital herpes. the genomes of the ... | 1996 | 9058170 |
| antigenic structure of soluble herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d correlates with inhibition of hsv infection. | soluble forms of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (gd) block viral penetration. likewise, most hsv strains are sensitive to gd-mediated interference by cells expressing gd. the mechanism of both forms of gd-mediated inhibition is thought to be at the receptor level. we analyzed the ability of different forms of soluble, truncated gd (gdt) to inhibit infection by different strains of hsv-1 and hsv-2. strains that were resistant to gd-mediated interference were also resistant to inhibitio ... | 1997 | 9060653 |
| utilization of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated regulatory region to drive stable reporter gene expression in the nervous system. | the ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) to establish a lifelong, transcriptionally active, latent infection in neurons has led to much interest in developing hsv-based vectors for gene delivery to the nervous system. a prerequisite of such vectors is that they should be capable of directing long-term transgene expression in latently infected neurons. the continued transcription of hsv-1 latency-associated transcripts (lats) during neuronal latency suggests that regulatory sequences wh ... | 1997 | 9060683 |
| protection and therapy of experimental herpesvirus infections in mice with immunomodulating propionibacterium avidum kp-40 and/or acyclovir. | protection and therapy of nmri mice with experimental herpes virus (hsv-1) encephalitis were investigated using heat-killed, lyophilized propionibacterium avidum kp-40 (pa) and/or the herpes-specific antiviral substance acyclovir (acl) as immunomodifier. poly i:c as a potent macrophage activator was used as a reference compound for pa. survival of experimental hsv-1 infections during 18 days following the inoculation of viruses was used for the evaluation of the effects of immunotherapy. the app ... | 1997 | 9084118 |
| detection of herpes simplex dna in semen and menstrual blood of individuals attending an infertility clinic. | to determine a possible link between herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv) and infertility. | 1997 | 9094812 |
| a novel multiply-mutated hsv-1 strain for the treatment of human brain tumors. | a promising approach for the therapeutic treatment of brain tumors utilizes replication-competent, neuroattenuated herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) mutants. this approach requires mutation of hsv-1 to eliminate killing of normal, nondividing cells of the brain (e.g., neurons). we have generated a hsv-1 double-mutant, designated 3616ub, by interrupting the uracil dna glycosylase (ung) gene in a previously studied icp34.5 mutant, r3616. the hsv-1-encoded ung gene is required for efficient hsv-1 repl ... | 1997 | 9095405 |