| identification and nucleotide sequences of two similar tandem direct repeats in epstein-barr virus dna. | epstein-barr virus dna is known to have partially homologous segments, designated dl and dr, near the left and right ends of the long unique region (raab-traub et al., cell 22:257-267, 1980). dl and dr are each partially composed of tandem direct repeat sequences. dl contains 11 to 14 repeats of a 124-base-pair sequence designated ir2. dr contains approximately 30 direct repeats of a 103-base-pair sequence designated ir4. the dl and dr sequences have colinear partial homology for approximately 2 ... | 1982 | 6294332 |
| isolation of human dnas homologous to the bamhi-z fragment of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna. | human dna hybridizes with the bamhi-z fragment (map coordinates 0.936 to 0.949) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna. to characterize the bamhi-z homologue of human dna, we isolated six independent hybrid phages with a sequence homologous to the bamhi-z fragment from a human genomic dna library. three of the six had a common 1.2-kb bamhi-ecori fragment homologous to the bamhi-z, and this fragment existed as 10-60 copies per human haploid genome. a 0.29-kb mboii segment of the bamhi-z fragm ... | 1984 | 6098540 |
| inappropriate peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to herpes viruses in patients with behçet's syndrome. | specific antibody production and the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) to a variety of viruses, including herpes simplex virus-type-1 (hsv-1) and varicella zoster (vz), were studied in 7 patients with behçet's syndrome. none of the patients produced an antibody response against hsv-1 or vz. furthermore, none of the patients showed a proliferative response to vz, and three of them also failed to mount a response to hsv-1. these results suggest that the pbls of patients ... | 1984 | 6098552 |
| hsv-1 infection inhibits procollagen and protein secretion from normal and ataxia telangiectasia cultured skin fibroblasts. | human skin fibroblasts derived from a healthy individual and from a child with the genetic disorder ataxia telangiectasia were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the virus infection did not affect the synthesis of procollagen but inhibited its release from the cells. | 1980 | 6257835 |
| macrophage dependence of polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid-induced resistance to herpes simplex virus infection in mice. | the relative contributions of macrophages and lymphocytes to the induction of resistance to primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex [poly (i:c)] were investigated in c58 mice. the induction of resistance was found to be strongly dependent on macrophages compared to lymphocytes. macrophage-deficient (silica-treated) mice produced less interferon and were not as responsive to prophylactic treatment of hsv-1 infections with poly (i:c) ... | 1980 | 6155345 |
| viral antigens act as helper determinants for antibody responses to cell surface antigens. | thy-1 alloantigens on murine thymus cells are weak immunogens in vivo for pfc responses in the absence of other antigenic disparities between the donor and recipient. our previous work showed that non-h-2 alloantigens acted as helper determinants to augment anti-thy-1 pfc responses. in this report we demonstrate that strong helper antigens are also produced by infection of donor thymus cells with viruses such as hsv-1, ndv, or vaccinia. this helper effect (as much as 30-fold) for a cellular anti ... | 1982 | 6177775 |
| detection of hsv1 dna by in situ hybridisation in human brain after immunosuppression. | human brain cells were examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) dna sequences by in situ hybridisation. viral genome was detected in immunosuppressed patients with virological evidence of past hsv infection but not in immunosuppressed patients with no such evidence. in patients who had not been immunosuppressed, no hsv dna sequences were detectable. | 1986 | 3016195 |
| high efficiency latency and activation of herpes simplex virus in human cells. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) exists in humans in a latent form that can be activated. to characterize the molecular basis of the cell-virus interactions and to analyze the state of the latent hsv genome, an in vitro model system was established. in this system a large fraction of the latently infected cells contain an hsv genome that can be activated. cell survival was reduced minimally after repression of high multiplicity hsv type 1 (hsv-1) infection of human fibroblast cells with (e)-5-(2-bromo ... | 1982 | 6180477 |
| human natural killer cell recognition of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins: specificity analysis with the use of monoclonal antibodies and antigenic variants. | the specificity of human natural killer (nk) cells for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected wish cells was examined by using virus-specific antibodies to block nk killing and by using targets infected with virus variants that express antigenically altered cell surface glycoproteins. fab fragments of human immunoglobulin (ig) derived from an hsv-1 seropositive individual blocked nk activity against hsv-1-infected cells, whereas fab fragments from a seronegative individual had no effect. f ... | 1984 | 6206157 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus strains isolated from patients with various diseases. | herpes simplex virus strains (hsv) were isolated from various herpetic diseases. these hsv-strains isolated in bulgaria (687) and in other countries (13) were studied by the neutralization test using standard type specific rabbit antisera and human gamma globulin. the serotype distribution of all strains showed: hsv-1 = 323 strains, hsv-2 = 372 strains, 5 strains behaved antigenically intermediate. a close correlation between the serotype of the strains and the localization of the lesions was es ... | 1980 | 6243918 |
| adenovirus replication as an in vitro probe for drug sensitivity in human tumors. | the feasibility of using adenovirus 5 as an in vitro probe for chemosensitivity in short-term cultures of human tumors was evaluated using human melanoma cell lines and primary cultures of melanoma biopsies. a convenient immunoperoxidase method was developed for quantitating viral replication 2 days after infection. two different approaches were explored: the host cell reactivation assay (hcr) using drug-treated virus; and the viral capacity assay using drug-treated cells. the hcr assay detected ... | 1986 | 3525182 |
| genetic retrieval of viral genome sequences from herpes simplex virus transformed cells. | oncogenic transformation of cultured cells by inactivated herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 has been demonstrated. expression of hsv information in these transformed cells has been shown by immunofluorescence studies, detection of hsv neutralizing antibody in sera from tumour-bearing animals and by hybridization of hsv-specific rna. molecular hybridization studies of dna from hsv-2 transformed hamster cells have detected up to 40% of the hsv genome present in several copies. complementati ... | 1980 | 6247659 |
| experimental studies of acute and recurrent herpes simplex virus infections in the murine heart and dorsal root ganglia. | the multiplication of hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains in the heart and the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (drg) was examined in experimentally infected mice. infectious hsv-1 was recovered from the heart between the second and fourth day after inoculation and 3 days later from the drg. both the heart and drg yielded infectious hsv-2 from the fourth to the twenty-first day after inoculation. the hsv-2, but not the hsv-1, induced recrudescent disease in chronically infected mice up to 18 months after i ... | 1981 | 6267190 |
| inhibition of purified human and herpes simplex virus-induced dna polymerases by 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine triphosphate. effects on primer-template function. | the inhibition of highly purified herpes simplex virus (hsv)-induced and host cell dna polymerases by the triphosphate form of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir; acycloguanosine) was examined. acyclovir triphosphate (acyclo-gtp) competitively inhibited the incorporation of dgmp into dna, catalyzed by hsv dna polymerase; apparent km and ki values of dgtp and acyclo-gtp were 0.15 microm and 0.003 microm, respectively. hela dna polymerase alpha was also competitively inhibited; km and ki ... | 1981 | 6271750 |
| estimation of the b lymphocyte precursor frequencies to herpes simplex type 1 glycoproteins by a limiting dilution assay. | the precursor frequency of b lymphocytes from balb/c mice producing hsv-1 glycoprotein b (gb), glycoprotein c (gc), and glycoprotein d (gd) antibody was determined by limiting dilution analysis under conditions to detect antibody from the clonal progeny of a single b cell precursor. in spleens of naive mice the average gc frequency was 1/48,917 +/- 5,550, while gd was 1/73,330 +/- 15,898, and gb frequency was in excess of 1/100,000. immunization with live hsv-1 (kos) increased the b cell frequen ... | 1986 | 3025354 |
| adenovirus late sequences linked to herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase may be introduced into eukaryotic cells and transcribed. | ltk-cells have been transformed to the tk+ phenotype by treatment with size-defined concatamers of hsv-1 tk dna and ad2 bam h1 c fragment (42.0 - 59.5 map units). all tk+ transformants contained ad2 dna as well as hsv-1 tk sequences. in most cases several inserts of virus dna were present, many in high copy numbers. although no ad2 transcription promoter was present in the transforming dna, ad2-specific sequences were detected in polyadenylated cytoplasmic rna species from several cell lines. | 1981 | 6273799 |
| virus inhibition assay for measurement of acyclovir levels in human plasma and urine. | a simple microplate virus inhibition assay which measures the levels of acyclovir in plasma and urine samples from patients was developed. the assay is based upon the inhibition of the cytopathic effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 on human fibroblast cells. the extent of inhibition of virus cytopathic effect, caused by dilutions of samples from patients, allowed determination of acyclovir concentrations to be made. the assay, which measured biological activity, could detect acyclovir levels o ... | 1981 | 6275786 |
| pathological findings of adenine arabinoside (ara-a) and cytarabine (ara-c) in the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis in rabbit model. | the injection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into the vitreous body of the eye in the 18 day old albino rabbits consistently induced herpes encephalitis with 90% survival. in the untreated rabbits the lesions follow a defined anatomical pathway producing a progressive disease not dissimilar to the natural human disease in that hsv travels slowly by cell-to-cell infection of neuroglia. the effects of adenine arabinoside (ara-a) and cytarabine (ara-c) on hsv encephalitis in rabbit model we ... | 1982 | 6285819 |
| comparison of the in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes activities of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine and its 5'-monophosphate. | in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes activities of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine 5'-monophosphate (ara-tmp) were compared with those of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine (ara-t). on a molar basis ara-tmp was almost as active as ara-t against six strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) as monitored by a cytopathogenicity-inhibition and a plaque reduction assay in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. when tested against experimental encephalitis in mice inoculated intrace ... | 1982 | 6293376 |
| deoxythymidine kinases in varicella-zoster virus infected and biochemically transformed cells. | deoxythymidine kinase (tk) activity induced in varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected human embryonic fibroblast (hef) cells was immunologically distinguishable from that in non infected hef cells and also from that in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected hef cells. the tks in vzv-biochemically transformed cells were immunologically the same as that induced in vzv-infected human cells and immunologically different from that in ltk- cells or in hsv-biochemically transformed cells. one peak ... | 1982 | 6299267 |
| herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine: characterization of the virus strain used and testing of the vaccine. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) used for vaccine production was isolated from a nasal recurrent infection and propagated over a limited number of passages in human diploid cells only. it was designated as hsv-1 bw3 and has been characterized by neutralizing antibodies as a typical hsv type 1 strain. in vitro transformation studies performed with this isolate in mouse or hamster cells revealed only very low, if any, transforming capacity. a preparation of hsv-1 bw3 which can be used as seed l ... | 1982 | 6299841 |
| correlation between low natural killing of fibroblasts infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and susceptibility to herpesvirus infections. | natural killer cells capable of lysing herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected fibroblasts were studied in three groups of patients unusually susceptible to severe herpes-virus infections. cord blood was evaluated because of the known susceptibility of neonates to disseminated infections due to herpes simplex virus type 2 at birth. only 30% of the cord blood specimens tested demonstrated normal lysis of hsv-1-infected fibroblasts and a normal increment in the lysis of infected over uninfect ... | 1983 | 6304202 |
| herpes simplex virus and human cancer. iii. search for relationship of herpes simplex antibodies and cervical dysplasia and labial neoplasia. | we employed the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect hemagglutination (iha), and complement fixation (cf) methods to measure antibody titer to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in patients affected by labial tumors or cervical dysplasias. no relationship of antibody titer to hsv-1 and labial tumors was detected by any of the three methods. association between antibody titer to hsv-2 and cervical dysplasias was revealed by iha (p less than 0.05) and elisa (p le ... | 1983 | 6304957 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone. | 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone (1b) was synthesized via modification of the silyl method. 1b inhibits the herpes simplex virus type 1 (98%) and type 2 (97%) at a concentration which is nontoxic to human hela cells. the compound shows 50 times greater binding affinity (lower ki) to the virus-specific thymidine kinase than to the thymidine kinase of uninfected hela cells. | 1981 | 6259353 |
| specific herpes simplex virus antigen in human gingiva. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) specific antigens were found to be present in the sulcular epithelial cells of patients that were undergoing periodontal treatment. four out of 14 cases were positive to specific hsv-1 antigen, as demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescent assay. no nuclear staining was seen in any epithelial cells. these observations seem to indicate that the viral genome resides in the sulcular epithelial cells of the gingiva and is possibly localized in the stratum gran ... | 1983 | 6308203 |
| [the effect of viruses on megakaryocytes in vitro (author's transl)]. | bone marrow suspensions from adolescent rats contain 0.3% megakaryocytes; this rate decreases to almost zero within 72--96 h cultivation in vitro in leighton tubes because of thrombocytopoesis. such cultures were inoculated immediately after seeding with different viruses in high multiplicity. after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 or adenovirus type 2, no deviation of the number and morphology of the megakaryocytes was seen when compared with control cultures. however, after infection ... | 1981 | 6260271 |
| isolation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from gastric contents of a patient with acute pancreatitis. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was isolated from the gastric contents of a young man with acute idiopathic pancreatitis. although the patient had a marked (eightfold) rise in serum complement fixing antibody titer to hsv-1, there was no evidence of primary infection. the source of the hsv-1 may have been reactivation in the oral or pharyngeal mucous membranes, with swallowing of the virus. hsv-1 is normally quite labile in acid media (less than five minutes at ph less than or equal to 3), b ... | 1981 | 6261405 |
| detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus with a continuous cell line expressing cloned glycoprotein d. | the gene for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was expressed in stable mammalian cell lines. glycoprotein d produced in these cells has a number of antigenic determinants in common with the native glycoprotein. cell lines expressing glycoprotein d were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect human antibodies to glycoprotein d. this strategy should prove useful in determining the extent to which the immune response to hsv-1 is directed toward glycoprotein d. | 1983 | 6312563 |
| herpes simplex encephalitis. immunohistological demonstration of spread of virus via olfactory pathways in mice. | six-week-old balb/c mice were inoculated intranasally with a suspension of hsv1 virus and the distribution of viral antigen in the brain 3-7 days later was surveyed using the immunoperoxidase technique. virus was first detectable in the brain 4 days later at 2 distinct sites: the trigeminal root entry zone in the brain stem and the olfactory bulbs. on succeeding days virus spread from the trigeminal focus to many other brain stem nuclei and, in some mice, to the thalamus and the cerebellum. from ... | 1983 | 6313868 |
| efficacy and selectivity of some nucleoside analogs as anti-human cytomegalovirus agents. | 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (fiac), 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluridine (fmau), 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouridine (fiau), and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluridine (feau) were evaluated for antiviral activities against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and compared with 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir) and e-5-(2'-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu). the relative anti-hcmv pote ... | 1983 | 6316843 |
| variations in herpes simplex virus isolated from human ganglia and a study of clonal variation in hsv-1. | growth of human sensory ganglia in culture has led to the reactivation of herpes simplex virus from over 50% of cases studied. infected cell polypeptide and restriction enzyme analysis has led to the conclusion that each individual has one unique latent strain of hsv-1 that can be present in more than one ganglion in the body. analysis of 91 isolates has shown that the long region of the genome is variable in terms of dna restriction sites, dna sequences, and in coding for the majority of variab ... | 1980 | 6261648 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d on antigen presenting cells infected with vaccinia recombinants and protective immunity. | we studied the effect of the temporal regulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1) expression in ia+ epidermal cells (ec) and macrophages on virus specific immunity and protection from hsv-2 challenge. gd-1 was expressed on the surface of cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant containing gd-1 under the control of an early vaccinia virus promoter (vp176). it was not expressed in cells infected with a recombinant (vp254) in which gd-1 is controlled by a late vaccinia v ... | 1988 | 3263886 |
| antibodies to epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex type 1, cytomegalovirus and measles virus in psychiatric patients. | distribution of antibodies to herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and measles virus (mv) was studied in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (csf) of 41 patients with schizophrenia, 27 patients with primary affective disorders and 25 control patients with neurological diseases. no significant differences in distribution and mean geometric titers (gmt) of antibodies to hsv1 between the psychiatric and control groups were found. distribution and gmt of antibodies ... | 1981 | 6263228 |
| sphingolipid metabolism during infection of human fibroblasts by herpes simplex virus type 1. | results from several experiments support the view that sphingomyelin turnover and glycosphingolipid synthesis play a role in herpes simplex virus infection of cells in culture. inhibition of sphingomyelinase by phosphatidylcholine or by a synthetic ceramide, n-palmitoyl-dl-dihydrosphingosine, interferes substantially with virus reproduction as does a genetic defect in the enzyme (niemann-pick disease). in niemann-pick cells, yields of infectious virus are about 3% of the normal level. an inhibit ... | 1984 | 6321394 |
| herpes simplex virus type-selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with helix pomatia lectin-purified antigens. | helix pomatia lectin-purified antigens with specific reactivity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 antibodies in human sera were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the type specificity of the antigens was assessed by double immunodiffusion precipitation in gel against rabbit hsv-1 and hsv-2 hyperimmune sera, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with human reference sera containing antibodies to either type of hsv. fifty-two sera from patients with documented infectio ... | 1984 | 6321548 |
| in vitro induction of human cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. kinetics in normal donors and patients with recurrent herpes labialis. | in order to analyse cellular cytotoxic mechanisms involved in herpes virus infections, human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbml) were incubated (sensitized) for up to 7 days with uninfected or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cells. the sensitized pbml were then tested in a 5-hr 51cr-release microassay against uninfected, hsv-1-infected, or cytomegalovirus (cmv)-infected target cells. pbml from normal donors, sensitized with hsv-1 infected cells, exhibited strong cytotoxic ... | 1981 | 7265173 |
| design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of novel dinucleotide analogs as agents against herpes and human immunodeficiency viruses. | a new acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (13) containing an adenine moiety was synthesized, which acted as an excellent inhibitor of calf mucosal adenosine deaminase. this inhibitory property allows it to exert great synergistic effect on certain antiviral agents (e.g., ara-a, 37). phosphonate 13 was not phosphorylated by the bovine brain guanylate kinase nor by 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate synthetase. syntheses of biologically active nucleotide phosphonate 40 and its phosphonoamidate derivative ... | 1995 | 7473592 |
| role of the virion host shutoff (vhs) of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latency and pathogenesis. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul41 gene product, virion host shutoff (vhs), has homologs among five alphaherpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2, pseudorabies virus, varicella-zoster virus, and equine herpesvirus 1), suggesting a role for this protein in neurotropism. a mutant virus, termed ul41nhb, which carries a nonsense linker in the ul41 open reading frame at amino acid position 238 was generated. ul41nhb and a marker-rescued virus, ul41nhb-r, were characterized in vitro and tested for their ... | 1995 | 7474089 |
| targeted ablation of pituitary pre-proopiomelanocortin cells by herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase differentially regulates mrnas encoding the adrenocorticotropin receptor and aldosterone synthase in the mouse adrenal gland. | we have produced and characterized lines of transgenic mice expressing a fusion gene composed of the pituitary expression-specific promoter region of the pomc gene, driving the herpes simplex viral-1 thymidine kinase. adult mice were treated with the antiherpes agent ganciclovir at 70 mg/kg body weight (ip, twice daily for 10-12 days). approximately 98% of the pituitary intermediate lobe melanotropes and anterior lobe corticotropes were ablated as determined by immunocytochemistry and ria specif ... | 1995 | 7476975 |
| mode of action of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine against herpesviruses. | the activity, metabolism, and mode of action of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (h2g) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were studied. compared to acyclovir (acv), h2g has superior activity against vzv (50% inhibitory concentration of 2.3 microm) and epstein-barr virus (50% inhibitory concentration of 0.9 microm), comparable activity against hsv-1, and weaker activity against hsv-2. the antiviral effect on hsv-1 showed ... | 1995 | 7486922 |
| analysis of the herpes simplex virus genome during in vitro latency in human diploid fibroblasts and rat sensory neurons. | we have previously designed in vitro model systems to characterize the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome during in vitro virus latency. latency was established by treatment of infected human embryo lung fibroblast (hel-f) cells or rat fetal neurons with (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and human leukocyte interferon and was maintained by increasing the incubation temperature after inhibitor removal. virus was reactivated by reducing the incubation temperature. we have now examined t ... | 1984 | 6317890 |
| characterization of eukaryotic transcriptional control signals by assay of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. | we describe the characteristics of a general assay for eukaryote transcription-control sequences using the herpes simplex virus (hsv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene. after transfection of cultured cells with tk-containing recombinant plasmids, two assays were used to measure gene expression: short term or transient levels of tk mrna and tk enzyme activity, and the rate of biochemical transformation from a tk- to a tk+ phenotype in selective growth medium (hat). deletion of the endogenous tk promoter ... | 1983 | 6319553 |
| construction of live vaccines using genetically engineered poxviruses: biological activity of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the hepatitis b virus surface antigen and the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | potential live vaccines using recombinant vaccinia viruses have been constructed for both hepatitis b and herpes simplex. these recombinant vaccinia viruses express cloned genes of the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) or the glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus (hsv-gd). the hbsag synthesized in vitro under the regulation of vaccinia virus is secreted from infected cells as a particle of approximately equal to 22 nm diameter with a density of 1.2 g/ml as determined on cscl gradients ... | 1984 | 6320164 |
| vp16 interacts via its activation domain with vp22, a tegument protein of herpes simplex virus, and is relocated to a novel macromolecular assembly in coexpressing cells. | in addition to its function as a powerful transactivator of viral immediate-early transcription, vp16 is an essential component of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) virion. as such, vp16 is introduced into cells, to effect its function in transactivation, as part of the virus tegument. here we examine the potential for vp16 protein-protein interactions specific to virus-infected cells and show that vp16 copurifies in a highly enriched fraction with a single major polypeptide which we identify as th ... | 1995 | 7494306 |
| roles of different t-cell subsets in control of herpes simplex virus infection determined by using t-cell-deficient mouse-models. | herpes simplex virus infection of the scarified dermis results in infection of the nervous system and, subsequently, a cutaneous lesion in the innervated dermatome. we compared the pathogenesis of such zosteriform lesions in mice lacking or severely depleted of cd4+ or cd8+ t cells because of targeted gene disruption. mice without cd4+ cells showed markedly increased susceptibility, whereas beta 2 microglobulin knockout mice lacking cd8+ t cells were as resistant to challenge as were immunocompe ... | 1995 | 7494346 |
| transfer of human globin genes to erythroleukemic mouse cells. | thymidine kinase negative (tk-) friend cells were transformed with recombinant molecules carrying human globin genes and the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna. transformation frequencies of 1 transformant/microgram donor dna/1 x 10(6) cells were obtained by standard procedures and this was increased 20- to 30-fold by treating recipient cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol. transformed cell lines expressed thymidine kinase activity of viral origin as determined by its ... | 1982 | 6325149 |
| glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus 1 acts as a receptor for the c3b complement component on infected cells. | receptors for the fc portion of immunoglobulins or for the third component of complement (c3) are present on a variety of circulating and fixed tissue cells including granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and glomerular epithelial cells. cells which lack fc receptors may express them after infection by herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1, hsv-2, cytomegalovirus or varicella zoster virus. we recently reported that infection by hsv-1 induces both fc and c3 receptors on human endothelial cells. glycoprotei ... | 1984 | 6328323 |
| human interferon alpha a or alpha d and trifluridine treatment for herpetic keratitis in rabbits. | recombinant human interferon (ifn) alpha a and alpha d combined with 1% trifluridine ophthalmic solution gave beneficial results when applied topically at a dose of 1 x 10(6) u per eye four times a day commencing 4 hr after eyes were inoculated with herpes simplex virus (hsv-1). acute herpetic keratitis was suppressed by trifluridine alone and the combined therapies, but the high-titered interferon preparations, alone, had little effect. duration of hsv-1 shedding into tear film during topical t ... | 1984 | 6423563 |
| human cytotoxic t cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. i. lysis restricted by hla class ii mb and dr antigens. | in contrast to general findings that mouse and human cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are restricted in cytotoxic activity by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i antigens, we previously found that some herpes simplex virus (hsv) type i-infected cells that shared no hla class i antigens with the hsv-1-stimulated lymphocytes were lysed. in this study, we addressed the question of the role of hla antigens in human t cell-mediated lysis of hsv-1-infected cells by generating clones of hsv-1-d ... | 1984 | 6609990 |
| the development of retinitis in mice with nonfatal herpes simplex encephalitis. | a mutant strain of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (hsv1), selected for high resistance to acyclovir (acv) was inoculated intracerebrally into mice. the mice survived with no obvious neurological signs but developed cataracts within 4-8 weeks of inoculation. histological examination revealed only a mild encephalitis, but around 7 days after injection a florid, necrotizing, viral retinitis developed. there was almost simultaneous involvement of both eyes. inflammatory cell infiltration and early mye ... | 1982 | 7133314 |
| clinical viral infections and temporal bone histologic studies of patients with aids. | the brain, eye, and inner ear are each protected from blood-borne infectious agents by a barrier that has some anatomic and functional differences. in patients with aids, opportunistic infections of the central nervous system and eye are frequent. little is known about the incidence of middle and inner ear infections in patients with aids, but deafness and severe vertigo are uncommon. we studied 14 homosexual men with aids, aged 28 to 55 years, for 1 to 2 years until death. no patient had deafne ... | 1995 | 7501379 |
| immunogenicity in mice of tandem repeats of an epitope from herpes simplex gd protein when expressed by recombinant adenovirus vectors. | the antigenic and immunogenic potential was examined of human adenovirus type 5 (ad) recombinants carrying and expressing from one to four tandem repeats of a linear neutralizing epitope from the gd protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) as a fusion with the beta-galactosidase protein. the fusion proteins produced by these ad vectors in infected cell culture reacted with a herpes simplex virus (hsv) epitope-specific monoclonal antibody to a degree dependent on the number of epitope repea ... | 1993 | 7504857 |
| epitope mapping of the 273-284 region of hsv glycoprotein d by synthetic branched polypeptide carrier conjugates. | to investigate the antigenicity of a predicted epitope region of herpes simplex virus gd, peptides comprising the 273-284 sequence have been synthesized and conjugated to a branched polypeptide with polylysine backbone (poly[l-lys-(dl-alam)], ak). in order to analyze the effect of the carrier on the solution conformation of the potential peptide-epitopes, three peptides (273-284, 273-281 and 276-284) and their polypeptide conjugates were studied by cd spectroscopy in pbs or in tfe. in immunized ... | 1993 | 7504960 |
| point mutations in the herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw110 ring finger helix affect activation of gene expression, viral growth, and interaction with pml-containing nuclear structures. | herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein vmw110 (also known as icp0) has been implicated in the control of the balance between the lytic and latent states, but the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are unknown. vmw110 includes a characteristic zinc binding domain, termed the c3hc4 domain or ring finger, which is essential for its function. the solution structure of a related herpesvirus ring finger domain suggested that an amphipathic alpha helix might be an important ... | 1995 | 7474166 |
| [purine arabinonucleoside-5'-triphosphates with substituents in the 2'-position as dna polymerase substrates]. | analogues of arantps carrying an azido or aminogroup instead of the 2' hydroxyl exhibited substrate properties towards several mammalian and viral dna polymerases. at the same time, introduction of a bulky hydrophobic dnp group into the 2' position inactivated the compounds as substrates. hsv-1 and cmv dna polymerases were an interesting exception: they effectively incorporated the modified nucleotide residues with dnp group into the 3'-termini of the dna chain. this is a reliable way to disting ... | 1995 | 7476957 |
| detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to glycoprotein g-2 by western blot (immunoblot) for diagnosis of initial herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infections. | western blots (immunoblots) for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in patients' sera were developed. the locations of the type-specific glycoprotein g (gpg-2) of hsv-2 (92- and 140-kda forms) and glycoprotein c of hsv-1 (gpc-1), which carries mostly type-specific antigenic epitopes, were checked with specific monoclonal antibodies. western blot assays for igm antibody to gpc-1 or gpg-2 were performed after depletion of ig ... | 1993 | 7508453 |
| association of a m(r) 90,000 phosphoprotein with protein kinase pkr in cells exhibiting enhanced phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eif-2 alpha and premature shutoff of protein synthesis after infection with gamma 134.5- mutants of herpes simplex virus 1. | the protein encoded by the gamma 134.5 gene of herpes simplex virus precludes premature shutoff of protein synthesis in human cells triggered by stress associated with onset of viral dna synthesis. the carboxyl terminus of the protein is essential for this function. this report indicates that the shutoff of protein synthesis is not due to mrna degration because mrna from wild-type or gamma 134.5- virus-infected cells directs protein synthesis. analyses of the posttranslational modifications of t ... | 1995 | 7479831 |
| staining characteristics and antiviral activity of sulforhodamine b and lissamine green b. | fluorescein and rose bengal are dyes used routinely in the examination of the ocular surface. as part of an ongoing search for a superior ophthalmic dye with optimal specificity and sensitivity and a lack of interference with subsequent viral cultures, and as part of studies that use chemical dyes to understand better the pathophysiology of ocular surface disorders, the staining characteristics and antiviral activity of sulforhodamine b and lissamine green b were investigated. | 1994 | 7510270 |
| efficacy of traditional herbal medicines in combination with acyclovir against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in vitro and in vivo. | traditional herbal medicines have been safely used for the treatment of various human diseases since ancient china. we selected 10 herbal extracts with therapeutic antiherpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) activity. among these, geum japonicum thunb., rhus javanica l., syzygium aromaticum (l.) merr. et perry, or terminalia chebula retzus showed a stronger anti-hsv-1 activity in combination with acyclovir than the other herbal extracts in vitro. when acyclovir and/or a herbal extract were orally ad ... | 1995 | 7486956 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus type 1 is composed of both cd8+ and cd4+ t cell phenotypes in acute and memory states. | mice were infected via the cornea with hsv-1. next, draining lymph nodes (dln) and spleen cells were analyzed at various times post infection for the presence of cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursors (ctl-p) of both the cd8+ and cd4+ phenotypes. responses were greatest in the dln, but memory ctl persisted in the spleen and were undetectable in dln by 60 days. on all occasions, the frequency of cd8+ ctl outnumbered cd4+ ctl. the murine ctl responses to hsv-1 differ from those in man where cd4+ mhc cl ... | 1994 | 7487374 |
| expression and splicing of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is transcriptionally active during latent infection in human peripheral sensory ganglia. this transcription has been linked to the ability of the virus to reactivate, but its potential gene products and mechanisms of action are unknown. to analyze the viral latency-related transcripts in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines in an isolated cellular system, a 10.4 kb dna fragment, which covers the entire viral transcriptionally active latency-associated region, ... | 1995 | 7490273 |
| sce frequency of herpes simplex virus type i infected cells. | the effects of herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-i) on sce frequencies in human lymphocytes in vitro were investigated. sce frequencies in controls (mean +/- 1sd 5.2 +/- 1.6) and in cells exposed to the virus for 3 and 6 h (mean +/- 1sd 5.3 +/- 1.6 and 5.8 +/- 1.6 respectively) were about the same. however, cells infected for 9 to 24 h showed a significant increase of sce frequencies (p < 0.05). | 1994 | 7512205 |
| axonal transport of herpes simplex virions to epidermal cells: evidence for a specialized mode of virus transport and assembly. | to examine the transmission of herpes simplex virus (hsv) from axon to epidermal cell, an in vitro model was constructed consisting of human fetal dorsal root ganglia cultured in the central chamber of a dual-chamber tissue culture system separated from autologous skin explants in an exterior chamber by concentric steel cylinders adhering to the substratum through silicon grease and agarose. axons grew through the agarose viral diffusion barrier and terminated on epidermal cells in the exterior ... | 1994 | 7517552 |
| the use of dedicated peptide libraries permits the discovery of high affinity binding peptides. | the motif for peptide binding to monoclonal antibody mab a16, which is known to be directed against glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1, was determined using two dedicated peptide libraries. as a starting point for this study we used an a-16 binding lead sequence, which had previously been obtained from a phage display peptide library (schellekens et al., 1994). binding studies with different length variants of this peptide identified a 12mer as a suitable lead compound for our library ... | 1995 | 7490454 |
| intracellular localisation of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase subunits during infection of cultured cells. | we have analysed the intracellular localisation of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase during infection of cultured cells by indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for the r1 and r2 subunits. three different viruses were used to infect cells, wild-type strain 17+ and two temperature-sensitive mutants, ts 1222, which produces r1 only, and ts 1207, which expresses a normal r2 and an altered r1 that fails to interact with r2 at the nonpermis ... | 1995 | 7491785 |
| recovery of herpes simplex virus genetic information from human trigeminal ganglion cells following superinfection with herpes simplex virus type 2 temperature-sensitive mutants. | explant cultures of human trigeminal ganglia were derived from 36 individuals. those cultures which failed to release herpes simplex virus (hsv) spontaneously were superinfected at various times after establishment in vitro with a range of hsv-2 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. eight cultures from six individuals contained hsv-specific genetic information which could be detected or rescued following superinfection. restriction enzyme analysis of ts+ virus recovered from the ganglia of two ind ... | 1984 | 6319568 |
| sequestration of pml and sp100 proteins in an intranuclear viral structure during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | we investigated the intranuclear distribution of pml and sp100 in hela cells at the ultrastructural level and examined their relocalization in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection. in the absence of infection, we observed that both are components, not only of nuclear bodies, but also of interchromatin granule-associated zones, which suggests a potential role for pml and sp100 in splicing events. prolonged hsv-1 infection induced dramatic changes in nuclear organization which ... | 1995 | 7493645 |
| detection of virus nucleic acids by radioactive and nonisotopic in situ hybridization. | | 1994 | 7534581 |
| stereospecificity of human dna polymerases alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon, hiv-reverse transcriptase, hsv-1 dna polymerase, calf thymus terminal transferase and escherichia coli dna polymerase i in recognizing d- and l-thymidine 5'-triphosphate as substrate. | l-beta-deoxythymidine (l-dt), the optical enantiomer of d-beta-deoxythymidine (d-dt), and l-enantiomers of nucleoside analogs, such as 5-iodo-2'-deoxy-l-uridine (l-idu) and e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxy-l-uridine (l-bvdu), are not recognized in vitro by human cytosolic thymidine kinase (tk), but are phosphorylated by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) tk and inhibit hsv-1 proliferation in infected cells. here we report that: (i) l-dt is selectively phosphorylated in vivo to l-dtmp by hsv-1 tk and ... | 1995 | 7544886 |
| expression of bcl-2 from a defective herpes simplex virus-1 vector limits neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia. | a process resembling programmed cell death appears to contribute to postischemic neuronal loss in several models of stroke. because the expression of the bcl-2 gene has been shown to rescue neurons from programmed cell death due to other causes, we determined whether it would be similarly neuroprotective in stroke. | 1995 | 7544927 |
| effect of glycerol on intracellular virus survival: implications for the clinical use of glycerol-preserved cadaver skin. | glycerol has long been used for the preservation of skin allografts. the antimicrobial activity of glycerol has not been fully documented. this paper reports the results of an investigation of a model studying the effect of glycerol on the inactivation of intracellular viruses. two viruses--herpes simplex type i (hsv-1) and poliovirus--were cultured within human dermal fibroblasts. these intracellular viruses were incubated with 50 per cent, 85 per cent and 98 per cent glycerol at 4 degrees c an ... | 1995 | 7546258 |
| purine arabinonucleoside 5'-triphosphates with substituents at 2' position as substrates for dna polymerases. | analogues of arantps carrying an azido or aminogroup instead of the 2' hydroxyl exhibited substrate properties towards several mammalian and viral dna polymerases. at the same time, introduction of a bulky hydrophobic dnp group into the 2' position inactivated the compounds as substrates. hsv-1 and cmv dna polymerases were an interesting exception: they effectively incorporated the modified nucleotide residues with dnp group into the 3'-termini of the dna chain. this is a reliable distinction of ... | 1995 | 7549922 |
| crystal structures of the thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus type-1 in complex with deoxythymidine and ganciclovir. | the crystal structures of thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus type-1 complexed with its natural substrate deoxythymidine (dt) and complexed with the guanosine analogue ganciclovir have been solved. both structures are in the c222(1) crystal form with two molecules per asymmetric unit related by a non-crystallographic two-fold axis. the present models have been refined to 2.8 a and 2.2 a, with crystallographic r factors of 24.1% and 23.3% for the dt and ganciclovir complexes respectively, ... | 1995 | 7552712 |
| search for evidence of three viral agents in radicular (periapical) cysts with immunohistochemistry. | sections from 20 paraffin-embedded radicular cysts and positive-control subjects were subjected to immunostaining procedures after treatment of the sections with polyclonal antibodies was performed to search for evidence of human papilloma virus and herpes viruses 1 and 2 in the lining epithelium. all 20 specimens examined were negative for the presence of all three viruses. | 1995 | 7552869 |
| reactivation of oral-lingual herpes by chlorinated swimming pool water: a case report. | the authors describe the case of a highly stressed 36-year-old man who experienced ten or more painful episodes per year of recurrent oral-lingual herpes simplex virus 1, which were only partially responsive to acyclovir therapy for three years. a three-year diary of activities, personal stresses, concurrent infections, local trauma, and other possible psychogenic, somatogenic, and environmental events was used systematically to attempt to pair the stresses with the recurrent herpes episodes. ch ... | 1995 | 7555103 |
| the role of herpes simplex thymidine kinase expression in neurovirulence and latency in newborn vs. adult mice. | infection by standard thymidine kinase-positive (tk+) and tk- mutant herpes simplex virus (hsv) was performed in order to evaluate the role of hsv tk expression in neurovirulence and in hsv latency. in newborn mice, mortality and trigeminal ganglion (tg) hsv titer correlated (both were high) for tk+ and tk- hsv. in adult mice after tk- hsv infection they also correlated (both were low). after tk+ infection of adult mice, correlation was not present; mortality was low while hsv titer was moderate ... | 1995 | 7560011 |
| immune cell infiltration and persistence in the mouse trigeminal ganglion after infection of the cornea with herpes simplex virus type 1. | following inoculation of the mouse cornea with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), the spread of virus was investigated and the types of immune cell infiltrating the trigeminal ganglion (tg) were identified in low temperature paraffin wax sections. virus antigen was first found on day 3 and was absent after day 14. early presentation of antigen to t cells may occur since increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigens, including de novo expression on satellite a ... | 1995 | 7560014 |
| defective entry of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 into porcine cells and lack of infection in infant pigs indicate species tropism. | we have determined if a defect at entry of the human pathogen herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into cultured porcine cells extends to hsv-2 and if the poor susceptibility of porcine cells for these viruses is indicative of in vivo species tropism. hsv-1 replicates poorly in swine testis (st) and other porcine cells which lack a functional non-heparan sulphate receptor(s) required for virus entry. by several criteria, st cells resist infection by either hsv-1 or hsv-2. infection can be restore ... | 1995 | 7561780 |
| efficacy of herpes vaccine and acyclovir (acv) in a rabbit model following intraocular inoculation of herpes simplex virus. | it has been shown that injection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type i into the vitreous body of the eye in 18-day-old albino rabbits consistently induced encephalitis. in the untreated group the lesions followed a defined anatomical pathway in the central nervous system and produced a chronic progressive disease with 95% survival. detailed observations in the spread of hsv along the optic pathway determined the extent of damage at any given day. some of the old rabbits developed typical herpetic ... | 1995 | 7562016 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna in spontaneous abortions from hiv-positive women using non-isotopic in situ hybridization. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) endometritis in spontaneous abortions in hiv-positive women using non-isotopic in situ hybridization (nish). post-abortal endometrial curettings from 18 hiv-positive women were investigated for the presence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 dna with nish. in addition, 18 unselected post-abortal endometrial curettings in hiv-negative women were used as controls, together with samples of normal proliferative and secretory end ... | 1995 | 7562255 |
| synthesis and anti-dna viral activities in vitro of certain 2,4-disubstituted-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d d pyrimidine nucleosides. | several novel 2,4-disubstituted-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d- arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized and evaluated for their anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), anti-hepatitis b virus (hbv), and anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activities in vitro. these nucleosides were prepared starting from 2-amino-4-chloro-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro- 3,5-di-o-benzoyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3), which in turn was synthesized by direct glycosylation of the sodium salt o ... | 1995 | 7562929 |
| identification of nuclear and nucleolar localization signals in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp27. | previous work has shown that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) regulatory protein icp27 localizes to the cell nucleus and that certain mutant icp27 polypeptides localize preferentially in nucleoli. to map the signals in icp27 which mediate its nuclear localization, we identified the portions of icp27 which can direct a cytoplasmic protein, pyruvate kinase (pk), to nuclei. our results demonstrate that icp27 contains multiple nuclear localization signals (nlss) that function with differing e ... | 1995 | 7529337 |
| antiviral activity of s-7hna on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cultured cells. | the effect of sodium salt of the acid related to ester s-7 (i.e. s-7hna) on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vero cultured cells was studied. s-7hna, at the highest concentration lacking cytotoxicity (10 mm), produced, at various inocula, a 70% inhibition of hsv-1 infectivity with respect to the plaque formation detected in control infected cultures. this inhibitory activity was substantiated by studies on progeny production. s-7hna revealed a therapeutic index h ... | 1995 | 7629555 |
| differential in situ hybridization for herpes simplex virus typing in routine skin biopsies. | a herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 specific recombinant plasmid probe designated ph2s3 was constructed from non-hsv-1 crossreactive regions of the hsv-2 genome. dna in situ hybridization on in vitro reconstructed tissue samples of sheep collagen matrix impregnated with herpes virus-infected human cells was used to demonstrate absence of crossreactivity of the ph2s3 probe with hsv-1 and varicella zoster virus under stringent posthybridization washing conditions. it was demonstrated that dna in s ... | 1995 | 7635926 |
| herpes simplex virus in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. | | 1995 | 7575245 |
| [varying sensitivity to acyclovir of different years' clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus]. | the population of types i and 2 herpes simplex viruses (hsv) to be studied consisted mainly of acyclovir-sensitive strains. in some cases acyclovir-resistant hsv strains were detected. the phenotypic profile of the acyclovir-resistant strains were shown to have low reproduction rates in tissue cultures. their antigenic character was similar to that of reference strains. several phenotypic variants concurrently isolated from the same patient differ in their reproductive properties, antigenic char ... | 1995 | 7580404 |
| long-term expression in sensory neurons in tissue culture from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) promoters in an hsv-1-derived vector. | amplicons, defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vectors, were constructed to use four hsv-1 promoters, from the immediate-early (ie) 1 ie 3, ie 4/5, and late glycoprotein c (gc) genes, to regulate expression of the escherichia coli lacz gene, encoding beta-galactosidase, and packaged into infectious particles. infection of sensory neurons in vitro with amplicons containing the ie 1, ie 3, or ie 4/5 promoter resulted in stable long-term expression of beta-galactosidase from 2 to 10 weeks ... | 1995 | 7609023 |
| synthesis and antiproliferative and antiviral activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analogs of the nucleoside antibiotics toyocamycin and sangivamycin. | the glycosylation of 3,4-dicyano-2-[(ethoxymethylene)amino]pyrrole (7) with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl bromide (2) furnished an anomeric mixture of nucleosides (8a,b). this mixture was separated, and the individual anomers were treated with methanolic ammonia to effect a concomitant deblocking and ring closure. this furnished both anomers of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-ara-toyocamycin (9a,b). the cyano moiety of 9b was converted to the carboxamide moiety to furnish 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro ... | 1995 | 7562946 |
| inflammatory effects of gene transfer into the cns with defective hsv-1 vectors. | the use of viral vectors which infect and express genes in post-mitotic neurons is a potential strategy for the treatment of disorders affecting the central nervous system (cns). however, the inflammatory consequences of such strategies have yet to be systematically examined. preparations of non-replicating defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) amplicon vectors containing the lacz gene were obtained by standard methods and stereotaxically injected into the adult rat dentate gyrus (dg). t ... | 1994 | 7584093 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 vector mediated gene transfer to muscle. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has a broad host range although in natural human infections the virus is neurotropic, establishing latent infections in sensory neurons where the viral dna persists as an intact episome. the establishment of latency does not depend on viral replication functions, suggesting that infection of non-neuronal cells, including tissue of myogenic origin, by replication defective mutants may result in genome persistence in a similar episomal state. in this report a re ... | 1995 | 7584113 |
| in vitro cytotoxic activity of cord blood nk cells against herpes simplex virus type-1 infected purified human term villous cytotrophoblast. | transplacental infection of the fetus with herpes simplex virus (hsv) is associated with high morbidity. the present study was undertaken to shed light on the possible participation of the fetal immune system in the elimination of hsv from placental unit. in a chromium release assay cultured term villous trophoblast cells, regardless of infection with hsv-1, were found resistant to lysis by cord blood natural killer (cbnk) cells. in contrast to this, cbnk cells exhibited a basal level of cytotox ... | 1994 | 7598786 |
| cloning and characterization of human recombinant antibody fab fragments specific for types 1 and 2 herpes simplex virus. | twenty-six bacterial clones producing human recombinant fab fragments specific for herpes simplex virus (hsv) antigens were obtained from an igg1k human antibody combinatorial library displayed on filamentous phage, following panning against an hsv lysate. all the fabs reacted against the hsv lysate in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were able to recognize both type 1 and type 2 hsv in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). dna sequencing of the heavy chain variable regions showed tha ... | 1995 | 7603340 |
| herpetic gingivostomatitis in a 70-year-old man. | we report a case of herpetic gingivostomatitis that was remarkable because it occurred in a 70-year-old man. the patient had multiple small ulcers throughout the mouth that were culture-positive for herpes simplex virus type 1 and responded rapidly to acyclovir. whether this condition was a case of primary herpes or an unusual presentation of secondary disease was not resolved. nevertheless the case serves as a reminder that age, although it may make a diagnosis seem implausible, does not alone ... | 1995 | 7614161 |
| comparison of a direct antigen enzyme immunoassay, herpchek, with cell culture for detection of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens. | direct enzyme immunoassay (herpchek) was compared with culture on 21,522 specimens mainly from asymptomatic women for herpes simplex virus detection. sensitivity and specificity were 73.8 and 97.7%, respectively. the 33% detection rate by enzyme immunoassay in 5 h increased to 43% when the enzyme immunoassay was combined with culture. herpchek alone was not sensitive enough, but in combination with culture, maximum detection was achieved. | 1995 | 7615760 |
| patients with meniére's disease possess ige reacting with herpes family viruses. | to determine if patients with meniere's disease possess serum ige specific for herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1, hsv type 2, epstein-barr virus, and/or cytomegalovirus. | 1995 | 7619410 |
| efficacy of kakkon-to, a traditional herb medicine, in herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice. | kakkon-to is one of the representative traditional herb medicines (kampo formulae) and has been used historically for the treatment of infectious diseases in china and japan. the efficacy of this preparation was characterised using a cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection in mice as a model for human viral infection. kakkon-to at a dose corresponding to human use reduced significantly the mortality of hsv-1-infected mice and localised skin lesions. delayed type hypersensitivity ... | 1995 | 7623003 |
| retroviral transfer of hsv1-tk gene into human lung cancer cell line. | we used a recombinant retrovirus as one of the potential vectors for human gene therapy to transfer a drug sensitivity gene into human lung cancer cells. the gene encoding the thymidine kinase (tk) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) was used as the drug sensitivity gene. the antiherpes drugs acyclovir (acv) and ganciclovir (gcv) were chosen to test the hsv1-tk activity transferred into the human lung cancer cell lines. the rationale for this approach was that acv and gcv are nucleoside analog ... | 1995 | 7633946 |
| human leukocyte interferon-alpha in cream for the management of genital herpes in asian women: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. | this double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the clinical efficacy and tolerance of human leukocyte interferon-alpha (2 x 10(6) iu/g) in hydrophilic cream to cure patients afflicted with first episodes of genital herpes. sixty patients aged 18-40 years (mean 24.5) with culture-confirmed herpes simplex genitalis, bearing 755 lesions (mean 12.6) were randomized to active and placebo groups. patients joined the study within 7 days (mean 4.1) of the manifestation of lesions. each patient was ... | 1995 | 7633951 |
| construction of a herpes simplex virus/varicella-zoster virus (hsv/vzv) thymidine kinase recombinant with the pathogenic potential of hsv and a drug sensitivity profile resembling that of vzv. | a recombinant of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was constructed in which the hsv thymidine kinase (tk) gene was deleted and the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) tk gene was introduced into the us5 region under the control of the human cytomegalovirus ie promoter. infection with the recombinant (r18) led to the induction of tk although the kinetics of synthesis resembled those of a 'late' gene product. the recombinant was virulent in the zosteriform mouse model with the pattern of pathogenesis similar to ... | 1995 | 7636473 |
| the bovine herpesvirus alpha gene trans-inducing factor activates transcription by mechanisms different from those of its herpes simplex virus type 1 counterpart vp16. | in herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells, viral gene expression is initiated when the immediate-early, or alpha, genes are transactivated by the alpha gene trans-inducing factor (alpha tif), a component of the infecting virion. the protein binds to one or more recognition elements (taatgarat) in the promoters of alpha genes via interaction with the cellular proteins oct-1 and cff. the alpha tif of hsv (hsv-alpha tif) is believed to subsequently accelerate the assembly of the transcription co ... | 1995 | 7636962 |