| histopathological responses in the cns following inoculation with a non-neurovirulent mutant (1716) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1): relevance for gene and cancer therapy. | the rl1 gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) encodes a polypeptide, icp34.5 which is a specific virulence determinant. rl1 null mutants fail to replicate in both the pns and cns and are incapable of causing encephalitis. additionally, rl1 null mutants have the capacity to replicate in actively dividing cells but fail to replicate in growth arrested or terminally differentiated cells. this selective replication phenotype has highlighted their use as both tumour killing agents and gene delivery vehi ... | 1998 | 9821167 |
| high-efficacy thymidine kinase gene transfer to ovarian cancer cell lines mediated by herpes simplex virus type 1 vector. | in this report, a replication-defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vector has been employed to deliver the escherichia coli lacz and hsv thymidine kinase (hsvtk) genes to six human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and the efficacy of gene transfer compared to that of adenoviral vectors in vitro. the transduction efficiency of the lacz-containing virus toz.1 was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively following infection of the different ovarian cancer cell lines. the therapeutic ability ... | 1998 | 9826472 |
| imaging of adenoviral-directed herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene expression in mice with radiolabeled ganciclovir. | we are developing procedures to repeatedly and noninvasively image the expression of transplanted reporter genes in living animals and in patients, using pet. we have investigated the use of the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (hsv1-tk) as a reporter gene and [8-14c]-ganciclovir as a reporter probe. hsv1-tk, when expressed, leads to phosphorylation of [8-14c]-ganciclovir. as a result, specific accumulation of phosphorylated [8-14c]-ganciclovir should occur almost exclusively in ... | 1998 | 9829598 |
| the antiherpesvirus activity of h2g [(r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine] is markedly enhanced by the novel immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, which are used for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. we have recently demonstrated that mmf and its parent compound mycophenolic acid (mpa), which is a potent inhibitor of imp dehydrogenase, potentiate the antiherpesvirus activity of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir. we have now evaluated the antiviral ... | 1998 | 9835529 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 helicase-primase. analysis of helicase activity. | the rate of unwinding of duplex dna by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-encoded helicase-primase (primosome) was determined by measuring the rate of appearance of single strands from a circular duplex dna containing a 40-nucleotide 5' single-stranded tail, i.e. a preformed replication fork, in the presence of the hsv-1 single strand dna-binding protein, infected cell protein 8 (icp8). with this substrate, the rate at low ionic strength was highly sensitive to mg2+ concentration. the mg2+ ... | 1998 | 9822692 |
| the role of neutralizing antibody and t-helper subtypes in protection and pathogenesis of vaccinated mice following ocular hsv-1 challenge. | in order to determine the possible correlation of specific immune responses with protection against mortality and ocular disease following ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) challenge, balb/c mice were vaccinated with different doses and regimens of baculovirus-expressed gd. neutralizing antibody, virus titres in the eyes, corneal scarring, and survival were measured. in addition, infiltration into the cornea of cd4+ t cells and cells containing the lymphokines interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4 ... | 1998 | 9824497 |
| recombinant cd40l treatment protects allogeneic murine bone marrow transplant recipients from death caused by herpes simplex virus-1 infection. | posttransplant infection associated with host immune deficiency is the major cause of nonrelapse mortality of human bone marrow transplant recipients. in a new murine model of posttransplant infection, allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients were infected with herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) via intraperitoneal inoculation 12 weeks after transplantation. allogeneic transplant recipients with graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) had significantly increased mortality from hsv-1 encephalitis, with ... | 1998 | 9834255 |
| induction of interferon-alpha by glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus: a possible role of chemokine receptors. | the induction of type i interferons by most rna viruses is initiated by virus-derived double-stranded (ds)rna. however, retro- and dna-viruses, which do not synthesize dsrna, must rely on different mechanisms of induction. for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), recombinant glycoproteins 120 or 160 suffice to induce interferon (ifn)-alpha in blood-derived lymphocytes [h. ankel, m. r. capobianchi, c. castilletti, and f. dianzani (1994). virology 205, 34-43]. here we show that for herpes ... | 1998 | 9837796 |
| [effect of l-lysine-a-oxidase on reproduction of herpes simplex type i virus in vitro]. | l-lysin-a-oxidase (lo), a fungal enzyme catalysing oxidative deamination of l-lysin, was used for the inhibition of the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). antiviral activity of lo was tested in vitro. the expression of viral antigens and cpe of hsv-1 was inhibited by lo at a concentration 0.7 mg/ml. | 1998 | 9845927 |
| coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris and herpes simplex virus infection in oral mucosa diagnosed by cytology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction. | a case of pemphigus vulgaris concurrent with hepres simplex virus (hsv) infection in a 53-yr-old female is described, in which the diagnosis was based on oral scraping cytology. two populations of abnormal cells were identified in the oral smear. one abnormal cell population was characterized by the presence of numerous single cells and sheets and smaller aggregates of loosely cohesive epithelial cells that appeared to have only a few points of intercellular attachment. a second population of ab ... | 1998 | 9839135 |
| exercise effects on ifn-beta expression and viral replication in lung macrophages after hsv-1 infection. | mice exercised to fatigue and exposed to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) exhibit greater mortality than control mice. in this study, we examined lung macrophage resistance to hsv-1 after exercise in terms of both viral replication and interferon (ifn)-beta production. we utilized the reverse transcriptase-rapid polymerase chain reaction to measure the ifn-beta mrna content in alveolar macrophages. ifn release was measured with a bioassay, and viral replication within the macrophage was asses ... | 1998 | 9843845 |
| atf/creb elements in the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript promoter interact with members of the atf/creb and ap-1 transcription factor families. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency-associated transcript (lat) promoter 1 (lp1) is an inducible and cell type-specific promoter involved in regulating the production of an 8.3-kb primary lat transcript during acute and latent infection of peripheral sensory neurons and during subsequent virus reactivation. a number of cis-acting regulatory elements have been identified in lp1, including two cyclic-amp (camp) response element (cre)-like sequences, designated cre-1 and cre-2. cre-1 ha ... | 1998 | 9845850 |
| identical 371-base-pair deletion mutations in the lat genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 mckrae and 17syn+ result in different in vivo reactivation phenotypes. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) lat gene is the only viral gene abundantly transcribed during latency. lat null mutants created with strains mckrae and 17syn+ are impaired for both in vivo spontaneous and in vivo-induced reactivation. thus, lat is essential for efficient in vivo-induced and spontaneous reactivation. different investigators have studied two lat mutants containing a styi-styi region deletion corresponding to lat nucleotides 76 to 447. one mutant, dlat371 (parent strain, mc ... | 1999 | 9847385 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel isodideoxy nucleosides with exocyclic methylene. | novel isodideoxy nucleosides with exocyclic methylene were synthesized starting from l-xylose utilizing anomeric demethoxylation, wittig reaction and mitsunobu reaction as key steps and evaluated for antiviral activity. | 1998 | 9871553 |
| igg and igm antibodies of herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2 in 233 maternal and neonatal sera. | | 1998 | 9849717 |
| a phase i/ii dose-escalation study of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase "suicide" gene therapy for metastatic melanoma. study group on gene therapy of metastatic melanoma. | we performed a dose-escalating phase i/ii study of retrovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-1-tk) suicide gene therapy for metastatic melanoma. hsv-1 tk expression, which specifically sensitizes transduced and bystander cancer cells to ganciclovir (gcv) toxicity, was mediated by one (four patients, first dose step) to three (four patients, second dose step) injections of "m11" retrovirus vector-producing cells in melanoma cutaneous nodules. after a 7-day period allow ... | 1998 | 9853525 |
| high-throughput screening assay for helicase enzymes. | we have developed a novel 96-well microtiter plate high-throughput screening filtration assay for the detection of helicase activity. in this paper we present data for detection of helicase activity of the ul5/8/52 helicase-primase complex from herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1). the assay involves the detection of radioactively labeled oligonucleotide annealed to a single-stranded circular dna following capture of the annealed complex on silica beads. we have screened over 200,000 samples containing ... | 1998 | 9866703 |
| comparison of the intranuclear distributions of herpes simplex virus proteins involved in various viral functions. | herpesviral transcription, dna synthesis, and capsid assembly occur within the infected cell nucleus. to further define the spatial relationship among these processes, we have examined the intranuclear distributions of viral dna replication, gene regulatory, and capsid proteins using dual label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. we observed that several of the viral dna replication proteins localize preferentially to punctate structures within replication compartments while the major tr ... | 1998 | 9875326 |
| chemistry and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 evaluation of cyclosal-nucleotides of acyclic nucleoside analogues. | the synthesis of different cyclosal-phosphotriesters of the acyclic nucleoside analogues acyclovir (acv), penciclovir (pcv) and t-penciclovir (t-pcv) as potential new lipophilic, membrane-soluble pronucleotides is described. the introduction of the cyclosal moiety was achieved by using reactive cyclic chlorophosphane reagents. in addition to the cyclosal-pcv monophosphate (mp) phosphotriesters, a second derivative bearing an acetyl group at the second primary alcohol function was prepared. in hy ... | 1998 | 9875392 |
| the herpes simplex virus 2 kb latency associated transcript (lat) leader sequence allows efficient expression of downstream proteins which is enhanced in neuronal cells: possible function of lat orfs. | | 1998 | 9880017 |
| therapeutic periocular vaccination with a subunit vaccine induces higher levels of herpes simplex virus-specific tear secretory immunoglobulin a than systemic vaccination and provides protection against recurrent spontaneous ocular shedding of virus in latently infected rabbits. | rabbits latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were vaccinated either periocularly or systemically with a subunit vaccine (gb2 + gd2) plus adjuvant or adjuvant alone. tear films were collected daily to measure recurrent infectious hsv-1 shedding. after systemic vaccination, the latently infected rabbits were not protected against recurrent ocular viral shedding (hsv-1-positive tear film cultures/total cultures) compared with either the systemic or periocular adjuvant controls ... | 1998 | 9875329 |
| expression of the first 811 nucleotides of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (lat) partially restores wild-type spontaneous reactivation to a lat-null mutant. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency-associated transcript (lat) gene is required for efficient spontaneous reactivation in the rabbit ocular model. we recently showed that insertion of 1.8 kb of the lat promoter and the first 1.5 kb of the 8.3-kb primary lat transcript into a novel, ectopic location in the virus unique long (ul) region restored wild-type spontaneous reactivation to a lat-null mutant. to further map the lat spontaneous reactivation function within the first 1.5 kb of ... | 1999 | 9887322 |
| inhibition of virus-encoded thymidine kinase suppresses herpes simplex virus replication in vitro and in vivo. | both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 encode a thymidine kinase enzyme which differs from cellular thymidine kinase in substrate specificity. viral thymidine kinase enables the virus to replicate in cells that lack cellular thymidine kinase, namely those of the sensory neurons where the virus establishes, and periodically reactivates from, a latent state. thymidine kinase-dependent hsv replication following viral reactivation at the site of latency is thought to precede the emergenc ... | 1998 | 9875372 |
| 3-hydroxyphthaloyl beta-lactoglobulin. iii. antiviral activity against herpesviruses. | the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpesvirus infections, has continued unabated despite educational efforts spearheaded as a response to the hiv-1 epidemic. this suggests the need for prophylactic measures, including the application of topical antiviral agents. chemical modification of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), the major protein of whey, by hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3hp) led to the generation of a potent hiv-1 inhi ... | 1998 | 9875389 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript mutant with increased virulence and reduced spontaneous reactivation. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency-associated transcript (lat) gene is essential for efficient spontaneous reactivation of hsv-1 from latency. we previously reported that insertion of the lat promoter and just the first 1.5 kb of the 8. 3-kb lat gene into an ectopic location in the virus restored wild-type spontaneous reactivation to a lat null mutant. this mutant, lat3.3a (previously designated lat1.5a), thus showed that the expression of just the first 1.5 kb of lat is sufficient ... | 1999 | 9882292 |
| herpes simplex virus vaccine in recurrent herpetic ocular infection. | to evaluate the efficacy of an antiherpetic vaccine in recurrent herpetic ocular infections. | 1999 | 9894936 |
| cellular expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 gd inhibits cell-to-cell spread of two closely related viruses without blocking their primary infection. | alphaherpesviral glycoprotein d (gd) is a critical component of the cell membrane penetration system. cells that express gd of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1), pseudorabies virus (prv), or bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (bhv1.1) resist infection by the homologous virus due to interference with viral entry at the level of penetration. bhv1.1 gd interferes with the distantly related viruses hsv1 and prv despite only a 30-40% sequence similarity and the complete absence of antigenic cross-reactivit ... | 1999 | 9927571 |
| development of herpes simplex virus replication-defective multigene vectors for combination gene therapy applications. | some gene therapy applications will require simultaneous expression of multiple gene products to achieve a therapeutic effect. in this study we describe the generation and characterization of replication incompetent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vectors (hx86z or hx86g) carrying distinct and independently regulated expression cassettes for five transgenes (hil-2, hgm-csf, hb7.1, hsv-tk and lacz or hifn gamma). the transgenes, representing 12 kb of dna sequence, were recombined into separat ... | 1998 | 9930305 |
| induction of apoptosis in hep-2 cells by infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. | although herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) does not induce apoptosis in infected hep-2 cells, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) did induce apoptosis in a small but significant fraction of the same cells. apoptosis was not observed in vero or hela cells infected with hsv-2. in addition, hsv-2 infection in the presence of cycloheximide induced extensive apoptosis of hep-2 or hela cells. | 1998 | 9930199 |
| fattiviracin a1, a novel antiviral agent produced by streptomyces microflavus strain no. 2445. ii. biological properties. | fattiviracin a1, showed potent antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), influenza a virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). it showed no cytotoxicity against vero cells. fattiviracin a1 exhibited no significant antibacterial or antifungal activities. treatment of hsv-1 with fattiviracin a1 decreased its infectivity to vero cells. the mechanism of its antiviral activity may be due to inactivation of the viral particles and inhi ... | 1998 | 9918397 |
| the organization of cerebellar and basal ganglia outputs to primary motor cortex as revealed by retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1. | we used retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 to map the origin of cerebellar and basal ganglia "projections" to leg, arm, and face areas of the primary motor cortex (m1). four to five days after virus injections into m1, we observed many densely labeled neurons in localized regions of the output nuclei of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. the largest numbers of these neurons were found in portions of the dentate nucleus and the internal segment of the globus pallidus ... | 1999 | 9952421 |
| reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the mouse trigeminal ganglion: an in vivo study of virus antigen and cytokines. | reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in the trigeminal ganglion (tg) was induced by uv irradiation of the corneas of latently infected mice. immunocytochemistry was used to monitor the dynamics of cytokine (interleukin-2 [il-2], il-4, il-6, il-10, gamma interferon [ifn-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [tnf-alpha]) and viral antigen production in the tg and the adjacent central nervous system on days 1 to 4, 6, 7, and 10 after irradiation. uv irradiation induced increased ex ... | 1999 | 9971753 |
| regulated expression of a sindbis virus replicon by herpesvirus promoters. | we describe the use of herpesvirus promoters to regulate the expression of a sindbis virus replicon (sinrep/lacz). we isolated cell lines that contain the cdna of sinrep/lacz under the control of a promoter from a herpesvirus early gene which requires regulatory proteins encoded by immediate-early genes for expression. wild-type sindbis virus and replicons derived from this virus cause death of most vertebrate cells, but the cells discussed here grew normally and expressed the replicon and beta- ... | 1999 | 9971780 |
| inducible expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase from a bicistronic hiv1 vector. | the possibility of protecting human cd4+ lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv1) infection, through a suicide mechanism elicited by the hiv1 transcription apparatus itself, offers a potentially useful approach for gene therapy of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a replication-defective lentiviral hiv1 vector (hyires-tk) was designed to carry both the hygromycin (hy) phosphotransferase gene for positive selection and the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex viru ... | 1998 | 9923018 |
| structure of the human cytomegalovirus b capsid by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. | the three-dimensional structure of b capsids of the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was investigated at a resolution of 3.5 nm from electron cryomicrographs by image processing and compared with the structure obtained for the alpha-herpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the main architectural features of the hsv-1 and hcmv capsids are similar: the t = 16 icosahedral lattice consists of 162 capsomers, composed of two distinct morphological units, 12 pentamers and 150 hexam ... | 1998 | 9931275 |
| an experimental application of gene therapy for human retinoblastoma. | the purpose was to determine the potential of gene therapy for retinoblastoma using transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene into retinoblastoma cells (y79 cell line). | 1999 | 9950583 |
| cytotoxicity and accumulation of ganciclovir triphosphate in bystander cells cocultured with herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase-expressing human glioblastoma cells. | the ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-tk)-expressing cells incubated with ganciclovir (gcv) to induce cytotoxicity in neighboring hsv-tk-negative (bystander) cells has been well documented. although it has been suggested that this bystander cell killing occurs through the transfer of phosphorylated gcv, there is little direct proof that bystander cells can accumulate gcv nucleotides. we have studied the ability of u251 human glioblastoma cells expressing hsv-tk (u251tk ... | 1999 | 9973216 |
| photoactivated virucidal properties of tridentate 2,2'-dihydroxyazobenzene and 2-salicylideneaminophenol platinum pyridine complexes. | the potent photoactivated virucidal activity of tridentate 2,2'-dihydroxyazobenzene- and 2-salicylideneaminophenol platinum pyridine complexes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10 against enveloped viruses (e.g., eiav, hiv, and hsv) is described. | 1999 | 10021936 |
| improving the management of genital herpes. | most patients with herpes simplex virus infection have mild or subclinical disease and fail to seek medical attention or are misdiagnosed. but inexpensive and accurate new serologies are being developed. chronic suppressive therapy in patients with frequent recurrences reduces viral shedding and may reduce transmission. | 1999 | 10047759 |
| a novel tetracycline-inducible viral replication switch. | with the cloning of dna encoding the trans-dominant negative mutant form of the hsv-1 origin-binding protein ul9, ul9-c535c, under the control of the tet operator-bearing hcmv major immediate-early promoter (pcmvteto), this article demonstrates that the tetr-mediated mammalian transcription repression switch (yao et al., hum. gene ther. 9:1939-1950, 1998) can be converted to a novel hsv-1-specific viral replication switch. using this viral replication switch, the plaque-forming efficiency of inf ... | 1999 | 10048394 |
| interferons regulate the phenotype of wild-type and mutant herpes simplex viruses in vivo. | mechanisms responsible for neuroattenuation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been defined previously by studies of mutant viruses in cultured cells. the hypothesis that null mutations in host genes can override the attenuated phenotype of null mutations in certain viral genes was tested. mutants such as those in infected cell protein (icp) 0, thymidine kinase, ribonucleotide reductase, virion host shutoff, and icp34.5 are reduced in their capacity to replicate in nondividing cells in culture a ... | 1999 | 9989981 |
| herpes simplex virus as an in situ cancer vaccine for the induction of specific anti-tumor immunity. | the success of cancer gene therapy is likely to require the targeting of multiple antitumor mechanisms. one strategy involves the use of attenuated, replication-competent virus vectors, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutant g207, which is able to replicate in human tumor cells with resultant cell death and tumor growth inhibition, yet is nonpathogenic in normal tissue. in this study, we demonstrate that infection of established tumors with g207 also induces a highly specific systemi ... | 1999 | 10048391 |
| visualization of tegument-capsid interactions and dna in intact herpes simplex virus type 1 virions. | herpes simplex virus type 1 virions were examined by electron cryomicroscopy, allowing the three-dimensional structure of the infectious particle to be visualized for the first time. the capsid shell is identical to that of b-capsids purified from the host cell nucleus, with the exception of the penton channel, which is closed. the double-stranded dna genome is organized as regularly spaced ( approximately 26 a) concentric layers inside the capsid. this pattern suggests a spool model for dna pac ... | 1999 | 10074174 |
| synthesis of 2'-methylene-substituted 5-azapyrimidine, 6-azapyrimidine, and 3-deazaguanine nucleoside analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. | 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azauridine (5) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azacytidine (8) have been synthesized via a multi-step procedure from 6-azauridine. 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-5-azacytidine (14a) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-3-deazaguanosine (19a) and their corresponding alpha-anomers (14b and 19b) have been synthesized by the transglycosylation of 3',5'-o-(1,1,3,3- tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-methyleneu ridine (12) with silylated 5-azacytosine and silylated n2-palmitoyl-3-deazaguan ... | 1999 | 10048223 |
| reactivation of herpes virus after surgery for epilepsy in a pediatric patient with mesial temporal sclerosis: case report. | this case report is presented to raise the awareness of the potential risk of reactivation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) encephalitis after intracranial surgery. | 1999 | 10069600 |
| macrophage control of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in the peripheral nervous system. | after corneal infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) invades sensory neurons with cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion (tg), replicates briefly, and then establishes a latent infection in these neurons. hsv-1 replication in the tg can be detected as early as 2 days after corneal infection, reaches peak titers by 3-5 days after infection, and is undetectable by 7-10 days. during the period of hsv-1 replication, macrophages and gammadelta tcr+ t lymphocytes infiltrate the tg, and tnf-alp ... | 1999 | 10072539 |
| immunization with a leaps heteroconjugate containing a ctl epitope and a peptide from beta-2-microglobulin elicits a protective and dth response to herpes simplex virus type 1. | a ligand epitope antigen presentation system (leaps) heteroconjugate vaccine containing a ctl epitope (h1) from the hsv-1 immediate early protein icp27 (322-332) and a peptide sequence (j) from beta-2-microglobulin (35-50) elicited protection from intraperitoneal viral challenge and promoted dth responses. the h1 peptide and other h1 containing heteroconjugates did not elicit protection or dth responses. antibody to the h1 peptide could not be detected by elisa following vaccination with peptide ... | 1999 | 10075159 |
| the host-cell architectural protein hmg i(y) modulates binding of herpes simplex virus type 1 icp4 to its cognate promoter. | the productive infection cycle of herpes simplex virus is controlled in part by the action of icp4, an immediate-early gene product that acts as both an activator and repressor of transcription. icp4 is autoregulatory, and ie-3, the gene that encodes it, contains a high-affinity binding site for the protein at its cap site. previously, we had demonstrated that this site could be occupied by proteins found in nuclear extracts from uninfected cells. a hela cell cdna expression library was screened ... | 1999 | 10087227 |
| fractions of chemically oversulphated galactosaminoglycan sulphates inhibit three enveloped viruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus. | a series of chemically oversulphated galactosaminoglycans (so3h:cooh ratio > or = 2) were tested in vitro as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the aetiological agent of aids, and against herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus, two agents responsible for opportunistic infections in hiv-infected people. the oversulphated derivatives displayed an increase in activity ranging from one to four orders of magnitude against the three viruses, as compare ... | 1999 | 10079877 |
| the defective interfering particles of equine herpesvirus 1 encode an icp22/icp27 hybrid protein that alters viral gene regulation. | the genomes of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) defective interfering (di) particles that mediate persistent infection were shown to encode a unique hybrid open reading frame composed of sequences that encode the 196 n-terminal amino acids of icp22 linked in-frame to the c-terminal 68 amino acids of icp27. previous studies demonstrated that this hybrid gene, designated as icp22/icp27. was expressed abundantly at both the mrna and the protein levels in di particle-enriched infections, but not in stan ... | 1999 | 10082387 |
| nucleosides and nucleotides. 183. synthesis of 4'alpha-branched thymidines as a new type of antiviral agent. | a series of 4'alpha-branched thymidines was synthesized and evaluated as potential antiviral agents. 4'-ethylthymidine (3), 4'-ethenylthymidine (5), and 4'-ethynylthymidine (6) exhibited potent anti-hsv-1 and anti-hiv-1 activities with no significant cytotoxicity. | 1999 | 10091689 |
| oral acyclovir suppresses recurrent epithelial and stromal herpes simplex. | | 1999 | 10088820 |
| selective delivery of herpes virus vectors to experimental brain tumors using rmp-7. | rmp-7, a bradykinin analog, has been shown to selectively open the blood-tumor barrier for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to brain tumors. in contrast to bradykinin, rmp-7 has no hypotensive effects and has been approved for human use. this study was initiated to determine whether rmp-7 would open the blood-tumor barrier to virus vectors encoding tumor-killing genes in an experimental model. the herpes virus vector used, hrr3, which encodes virus thymidine kinase gene and the lacz report ... | 1999 | 10078959 |
| infection of rat brain cell aggregates with neurovirulent and nonneurovirulent strains of herpes simplex virus type 1. | rat brain cell aggregates represent a three-dimensional tissue culture system of brain tissue in the form of small, multicellular spheroids. in the present work, we have infected these "minibrains" with neurovirulent, nonneurovirulent, and nonreplicating strains of hsv-1. the neurovirulent strains 17(+) and kos(m) spread rapidly through the aggregates, while the nonreplicating icp4 deletion mutant kd6 infected cells only at the periphery of the aggregates. spread and replication of the nonneurov ... | 1999 | 10094836 |
| mri follow-up of herpes simplex virus (type 1) radiculomyelitis. | | 1999 | 10102445 |
| effect of 3-hydroxyphthaloyl-beta-lactoglobulin on vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus monkeys. | heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is the major cause of the ongoing aids epidemic. application of chemical barrier methods is expected to contribute to the worldwide control of this epidemic. bovine beta-lactoglobulin modified by 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3-hydroxyphthalovyl-beta-lactoglobulin [3hp-beta-lg]) was shown to inhibit hiv-1, hiv-2, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and chlamydia trachomatis infection in vi ... | 1999 | 10103216 |
| directed evolution of thymidine kinase for azt phosphorylation using dna family shuffling. | the thymidine kinase (tk) genes from herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 were recombined in vitro with a technique called dna family shuffling. a high-throughput robotic screen identified chimeras with an enhanced ability to phosphorylate zidovudine (azt). improved clones were combined, reshuffled, and screened on increasingly lower concentrations of azt. after four rounds of shuffling and screening, two clones were isolated that sensitize escherichia coli to 32-fold less azt compared with ... | 1999 | 10096293 |
| detection of cytomegalovirus proteins by flow cytometry in the blood of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection and associated diseases continue to be a major complication encountered by patients undergoing high-dose chemoradiotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). a number of studies revealed that identification of cmv in the blood of hsct patients was a predictor of future cmv disease. the purpose of this study was to determine if cmv proteins detected by flow cytometry could be a rapid and more quantitative way to monitor cmv infections and cmv antig ... | 1999 | 10089921 |
| the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil markedly potentiates the activity of lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]guanine against different herpes viruses. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, the latter for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. the parent compound of mmf, mycophenolic acid (mpa), is a potent inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and causes depletion of the intracellular (deoxy)guanosine triphosphate [(d)gtp] pools. lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl ... | 1999 | 10096537 |
| genetic studies exposing the splicing events involved in herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript production during lytic and latent infection. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) establishes latency in sensory neurons, a state in which the viral lytic genes are silenced and only the latency locus is transcriptionally active, producing the 2. 0- and 1.5-kb latency-associated transcripts (lats). previous experimental evidence indicates that the lats are stable introns, and it has been reported that lat formation is abolished by debilitating substitution mutations in the predicted splice sites during lytic infection but not latency (j. l. ... | 1999 | 10196281 |
| the murine homolog (mph) of human herpesvirus entry protein b (hveb) mediates entry of pseudorabies virus but not herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | a mouse member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, originally designated the murine poliovirus receptor homolog (mph), was found to be a receptor for the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv). this mouse protein, designated here murine herpesvirus entry protein b (mhveb), is most similar to one of three related human alphaherpesvirus receptors, the one designated hveb and also known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 2. hamster cells resistant to prv entry became susceptible upon ... | 1999 | 10196354 |
| assembly of the herpes simplex virus procapsid from purified components and identification of small complexes containing the major capsid and scaffolding proteins. | an in vitro system is described for the assembly of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) procapsids beginning with three purified components, the major capsid protein (vp5), the triplexes (vp19c plus vp23), and a hybrid scaffolding protein. each component was purified from insect cells expressing the relevant protein(s) from an appropriate recombinant baculovirus vector. procapsids formed when the three purified components were mixed and incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees c. procapsids assembled in ... | 1999 | 10196320 |
| functional anatomy of herpes simplex virus 1 overlapping genes encoding infected-cell protein 22 and us1.5 protein. | earlier studies have shown that (i) the coding domain of the alpha22 gene encodes two proteins, the 420-amino-acid infected-cell protein 22 (icp22) and a protein, us1.5, which is initiated from methionine 147 of icp22 and which is colinear with the remaining portion of that protein; (ii) posttranslational processing of icp22 mediated largely by the viral protein kinase ul13 yields several isoforms differing in electrophoretic mobility; and (iii) mutants lacking the carboxyl-terminal half of the ... | 1999 | 10196329 |
| a novel cellular protein, p60, interacting with both herpes simplex virus 1 regulatory proteins icp22 and icp0 is modified in a cell-type-specific manner and is recruited to the nucleus after infection. | herpes simplex virus 1 encodes two multifunctional regulatory proteins, infected-cell proteins 22 and 0 (icp22 and icp0). icp0 is a promiscuous transactivator, whereas icp22 is required in vivo and for efficient replication and expression of a subset of late (gamma2) genes in rodent or rabbit cell lines and in primary human cell strains (restrictive cells) but not in hep-2 or vero (permissive) cells. we report the identification in the yeast two-hybrid system of a cellular protein designated p60 ... | 1999 | 10196275 |
| resistance to herpetic stromal keratitis in immunized b-cell-deficient mice. | this study evaluates the role of antibody as an indicator of immunity to ocular challenge with herpes simplex virus (hsv). two genotypes of mice, balb/c or balb/c with mu-chain knockout (muk/o; which lack functional b cells), were immunized systemically either with nonvirulent infectious virus or with a eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding glycoprotein b (gb). whereas naive muk/o mice were 10- to 100-fold more susceptible to hsv infection than balb/c mice, following immunization both groups sh ... | 1999 | 10208930 |
| presence of hsv-1 dna in semen and menstrual blood. | using a specifically designed diagnostic pcr assay with nested primers the following could be achieved: (1) a group of 22 clinically indistinguishable women attending an infertility clinic, 18 with repeated embryo transfer failure, and asymptomatic for hsv-1 could be divided into two subgroups after testing their menstrual blood. an hsv-dna positive (50%) and hsv-dna negative group (50%) could be distinguished. none of the four controls were positive; (2) semen from 154 infertile and 24 fertile ... | 1998 | 10213306 |
| [mollaret's meningitis]. | | 1999 | 10201123 |
| evaluation of three glycoprotein g2-based enzyme immunoassays for detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in human sera. | three new glycoprotein g-based enzyme immunoassays (eti-hsvk-g 2, sorin diagnostics biomedica [assay a]; hsv type 2 specific igg elisa, gull laboratories, inc. [assay b]; cobas core hsv-2 igg eia, roche [assay c]) for the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 (hsv-2)-specific antibodies were evaluated. by testing sera from 25 individuals with culture-proven hsv-2 infection, the assays showed a sensitivity of 96%. the specificities, evaluated with sera from 70 hsv antibody-negative child ... | 1999 | 10203464 |
| a new antiviral and antimicrobial sesquiterpene from glyptopetalum sclerocarpum. | sclerocarpic acid, a new sesquiterpene with a novel carbon skeleton, was isolated from the stem bark of glyptopetalum sclerocarpum laws. (celastraceae). the compound exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and a fungus. | 1999 | 10232073 |
| would suicide gene therapy solve the 't-cell dilemma' of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation? | | 1999 | 10203714 |
| intranuclear delivery of an antiviral peptide mediated by the b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. | we report an intracellular peptide delivery system capable of targeting specific cellular compartments. in the model system we constructed a chimeric protein consisting of the nontoxic b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (etxb) fused to a 27-mer peptide derived from the dna polymerase of herpes simplex virus 1. viral dna synthesis takes places in the nucleus and requires the interaction with an accessory factor, ul42, encoded by the virus. the peptide, designated pol, is able t ... | 1999 | 10220447 |
| lymphocytes delay kinetics of hsv-1 reactivation from in vitro explants of latent infected trigeminal ganglia. | a persistent immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is evidenced by the expression of cytokine transcripts along with infiltrating mononuclear cells in the ganglia of latently infected mice. in trigeminal ganglion (tg) explant co-cultures, the presence of nonirradiated or irradiated primed splenocytes significantly reduced hsv-1 reactivation as defined by secreted infectious hsv-1 found in the supernatants of tg explant cultures. primed splenocytes depleted of cd4+ or cd8+ cells ... | 1999 | 10229122 |
| chronic herpes simplex virus type i glossitis in an immunocompromised man. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1) infection of the tongue commonly accompanies acute primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. however, recurrent infection of the tongue is exceptional and is restricted to immunocompromised individuals. a 57-year-old man with corticosteroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sciatica presented with a chronic median glossitis due to hsv-1. the main clinical and histological feature was massive necrosis of the entire mucosa. immunohistochemistry ... | 1999 | 10233235 |
| an analysis of herpes simplex virus gene expression during latency establishment and reactivation. | in order to facilitate an analysis of the pattern of herpes simplex virus gene expression during latency establishment and reactivation, recombinant viruses containing the lacz reporter gene under control of either the immediate early 110 (ie110) promoter or the latency-associated promoter have been constructed. histochemical staining of ganglia taken from mice infected with these viruses allows for the rapid identification and quantification of sensory neurones in which these two promoters are ... | 1999 | 10355774 |
| interaction of the recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase with thymidine and aciclovir: a kinetic study. | herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv 1 tk) is a key target for antiviral therapy and it phosphorylates a broad spectrum of nucleosides and nucleotides. we report the results from kinetic and inhibition experiments with hsv 1 tk, and show that there is a preferred, but not exclusive, binding order of substrates, i.e. dt binds prior to atp. furthermore, the results provide new informations on the mechanism of binding suggesting that hsv1 tk undergoes conformational changes during the ... | 1999 | 10358938 |
| novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides: stereoselective synthesis and biological evaluation. | a study on the use of protecting groups led to the employment of the para-methoxybenzoyl (pmb) group as a directing group in the synthesis of novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides. use of the pmb group gave alpha:beta ratios of 1:6 in the glycosylation step with azidotrimethylsilane. a series of novel triazoles were generated for in vitro antiviral evaluation. | 1999 | 10358943 |
| the mechanism of poly i:c-induced antiviral activity in peritoneal macrophage. | macrophages play an important role in defense against virus infection by intrinsic resistance and by extrinsic resistance. since interferon-induced enzymes which are 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase and p1/eif-2 protein kinase have been shown to be involved in the inhibition of viral replication, i examined the mechanism by which poly i:c, an interferon inducer, exerts its antiviral effects in inflammatory macrophages infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the data presented here demo ... | 1994 | 10319138 |
| antiviral activity of sandalwood oil against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2. | sandalwood oil, the essential oil of santalum album l., was tested for in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2. it was found that the replication of these viruses was inhibited in the presence of the oil. this effect was dose-dependent and more pronounced against hsv-1. a slight diminution of the effect was observed at higher multiplicity of infections. the oil was not virucidal and showed no cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. | 1999 | 10374251 |
| fatal herpetic hepatitis in adult following short corticotherapy: a case report. | herpes simplex virus hepatitis (hsv hepatitis) is an uncommon and severe complication of hsv type 1 and hsv type 2 infection. hsv hepatitis affects mostly immunocompromised patients. we report the case of a young man without any previous known immunodeficiency who developed fatal hsv hepatitis in the first 8 days of oral corticotherapy given for ulcerative colitis. a prompt diagnosis was possible because hsv was recovered from peripheral blood leukocytes. | 1999 | 10342519 |
| the use of peptides from glycoproteins g-2 and d-1 for detecting herpes simplex virus type 2 and type-common antibodies. | identification and discrimination of latent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection relies on antibody identification. the inclusion of synthetic peptides with hsv glycoproteins provides means for stable and discriminatory assays for population studies. | 1999 | 10382821 |
| glycoprotein k of herpes simplex virus: a transmembrane protein encoded by the ul53 gene which regulates membrane fusion. | glycoprotein k (gk) encoded by the ul53 gene is the ninth out of eleven hsv glycoproteins (gps). the precursor gk (pgk) is a transmembrane protein with four hydrophobic domains, which consists of 338 amino acids. the ul53 gene has two initiation codons: the upper overlaps with the ul52 orf, while the lower is located 55 codons downstream and specifies a truncated precursor of the gk polypeptide. the ul53 gene and the upstream located ul52 gene have a common polyadenylation signal downstream from ... | 1999 | 10334040 |
| use of carrier cells to deliver a replication-selective herpes simplex virus-1 mutant for the intraperitoneal therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer. | epithelial ovarian cancer (eoc) remains localized within the peritoneal cavity in a large number of patients, lending itself to i.p. approaches of therapy. in the present study, we investigated the effect of replication-selective herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) used as an oncolytic agent against eoc and the use of human teratocarcinoma pa-1 as carrier cells for i.p. therapy. hsv-1716, a replication-competent attenuated strain lacking icp34.5, caused a direct dose-dependent oncolytic effect on eoc ... | 1999 | 10389942 |
| similar humoral and cellular immunological reactivities to human herpesvirus 6 in patients with multiple sclerosis and controls. | several studies have suggested an association between human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and multiple sclerosis (ms). we have previously studied intrathecal production of antibody to lymphotropic herpesviruses in ms patients and the presence of human herpesvirus 1 to 7 dnas in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). in the present study anti-hhv-6 immunoglobulin m (igm) in serum and anti-hhv-6 igg subclasses in serum and csf were examined and the lymphoproliferative response to hhv-6 was analyzed. the pcr examinati ... | 1999 | 10391860 |
| liposomal encapsulation of ganciclovir enhances the efficacy of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase suicide gene therapy against hepatic tumors in rats. | suicide gene therapy based on ganciclovir (gcv) metabolism by transgene herpes simplex thymidine kinase (hsv-1 tk) has been used to selectively kill proliferating cells in clinical settings such as cancer, vascular restenosis, and immunological disorders. we investigated whether encapsulation of ganciclovir (gcv) into liposomes would improve its efficacy, especially against hepatic tumors. large unilamellar liposomes containing gcv were prepared by reversed-phase evaporation. pharmacokinetic stu ... | 1999 | 10395379 |
| human cytomegalovirus, mhc class i and inhibitory signalling receptors: more questions than answers. | the human cytomegalovirus ul18 protein, an mhc class i homologue, has been shown to bind to leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (lir)-1, a member of a family of nine closely related immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on leucocytes. the lirs are related to the natural killer (nk)-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and to several other immunoreceptors. three groups of lir molecules have been defined: those containing cytoplasmic domain inhibitory signalling motifs, those with short ... | 1999 | 10399074 |
| [the significance of determining antibodies to viruses of the herpesviridae family in rheumatic diseases]. | assay of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in rheumatic patients. specification of their correlations with clinical symptoms. | 1999 | 10399234 |
| attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant g207: safety evaluation of intracerebral injection in nonhuman primates. | this study examined the safety of intracerebral inoculation of g207, an attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) recombinant, in nonhuman primates. sixteen new world owl monkeys (aotus nancymae [karyotype 1, formerly believed to be a. trivirgatus]), known for their exquisite susceptibility to hsv-1 infection, were evaluated. thirteen underwent intracerebral inoculation with g207 at doses of 10(7) or 10(9) pfu, two were vehicle inoculated, and one served as an infecte ... | 1999 | 10400723 |
| cell surface expression of h2 antigens on primary sensory neurons in response to acute but not latent herpes simplex virus infection in vivo. | cd8(+) t lymphocytes and class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc-i) molecules profoundly influence the severity of neuronal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in experimentally infected mice. paradoxically, neurons are classically regarded as mhc-i deficient. however, it is shown here that h2-encoded heavy chains (alphacs) and their associated light chain, beta2 microglobulin, are present on the surfaces of primary sensory neurons recovered from sensory ganglia within 1 to 2 weeks of hsv ... | 1999 | 10400743 |
| modified vp22 localizes to the cell nucleus during synchronized herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | the ul49 gene product (vp22) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) is a virion phosphoprotein which accumulates inside infected cells at late stages of infection. we previously (j. a. blaho, c. mitchell, and b. roizman, j. biol. chem. 269:17401-17410, 1994) discovered that the form of vp22 packaged into infectious virions differed from vp22 extracted from infected-cell nuclei in that the virion-associated form had a higher electrophoretic mobility in denaturing gels. based on t ... | 1999 | 10400775 |
| overproduction of gamma interferon in b/jas inbred rabbits with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. | inbred rabbits of the b/jas strain are highly susceptible to herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) encephalitis, developing seizures of encephalitis after intravenous injection of the kos strain of the virus. anti-viral interferon activity became detectable in the serum just prior to or at the onset of seizures, its level being lower in the serum than in the cerebrospinal fluid. the activity was of gamma interferon, as suggested by the acid instability and the inability of mx protein induction. an ... | 1999 | 10385203 |
| cidofovir and experimental herpetic stromal disease. | to compare topical cidofovir with topical trifluridine for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex type 1 stromal keratitis in rabbits. | 1999 | 10408458 |
| icp22 and the ul13 protein kinase are both required for herpes simplex virus-induced modification of the large subunit of rna polymerase ii. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection alters the phosphorylation of the large subunit of rna polymerase ii (rnap ii), resulting in the depletion of the hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated forms of this polypeptide (known as iia and iio, respectively) and induction of a novel, alternatively phosphorylated form (designated iii). we previously showed that the hsv-1 immediate-early protein icp22 is involved in this phenomenon, since induction of iii and depletion of iia are deficient ... | 1999 | 10364308 |
| identification and structure of the marek's disease virus serotype 2 glycoprotein m gene: comparison with glycoprotein m genes of herpesviridae family. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of a portion of bamhi-c fragment of marek's disease virus serotype 2 (mdv2) strain hprs24 which was suspected to contain the homologue of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene ul10, encoding glycoprotein m (gm). an open reading frame whose translation product exhibited significant similarities to hsv-1 gm protein and respective proteins of other herpesviruses of 37.5% and 45.5% to 31.8%, respectively, was identified. a number of distinct transcription ... | 1999 | 10379942 |
| identification of a herpes simplex virus-induced dendrite in an eye-bank donor cornea. | to demonstrate the presence of an active herpetic dendrite in an eye-bank cornea. | 1999 | 10422864 |
| identification of type-specific domains within glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) recognized by the majority of patients infected with hsv-2, but not by those infected with hsv-1. | a combination of phage peptide display library mapping and pepscanning, with both murine monoclonal antibodies and a panel of well-characterized human sera, have been used in order to define type-specific epitopes of glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) (gg2). both techniques revealed an immunodominant region of gg2, centred around amino acids 525-587 of the uncleaved gg2 molecule. a soluble peptide, equivalent to amino acids 551-570, when used as antigen in an elisa format was ... | 1999 | 10423148 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts from the cell cultures of some turkish medicinal plants. | twenty-four callus, and eleven cell suspension, cultures were established from turkish medicinal plants, and crude extracts prepared from them tested against microorganisms to assess their antimicrobial activities in vitro. of the extracts tested, those belonging to the cell cultures of five of the plant species showed antibacterial activity against mainly three bacteria and a yeast. no activity was observed against herpes simplex viruses, hsv-i and ii, but an extract from hypericum capitatum sh ... | 1999 | 10404549 |
| cyclosporin a reduces the inflammatory response to a multi-mutant herpes simplex virus type-1 leading to improved transgene expression in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in hamsters. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) based vectors hold great promise for gene transfer to cns neurons. problems such as loss of transgene expression, vector-associated cytotoxicity and the immune response to the vector or encoded transgene still remain obstacles to success. we used a replication-defective, hsv-1 vector (14hdelta3vhsz) that was engineered to have reduced cytotoxicity and express recombinant beta-galactosidase. a previous study in our laboratory showed no evidence for cytotoxicity ... | 1999 | 10414517 |
| chemical and enzymatic synthesis and antiviral properties of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine. | chemical and enzymatic methods were employed for the synthesis of the title compound, 2'f-guo 7. high antiviral activity of 2'f-guo was established in chick embryo cells infected with influenza virus fpv/rostock/34 (h7n1) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) type i (1c strain). | 1999 | 10432666 |
| the comparative effects of famciclovir and valacyclovir on herpes simplex virus type 1 infection, latency, and reactivation in mice. | infections by herpes simplex virus (hsv) cannot yet be eliminated, but the severity of the disease can be reduced. two newer drugs with established efficacy for such infections, famciclovir and valacyclovir, were tested in a mouse eye model of hsv infection. both drugs significantly reduced mortality and titers of virus shed from the eyes of mice infected with an otherwise lethal dose of hsv type 1 (hsv-1). similar titers of hsv-1 were found in the eyes, ganglia, and brains of treated animals. a ... | 1999 | 10438344 |
| the herpes simplex virus vhs protein induces endoribonucleolytic cleavage of target rnas in cell extracts. | the herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff (vhs) protein (ul41 gene product) is a component of the hsv virion tegument that triggers shutoff of host protein synthesis and accelerated mrna degradation during the early stages of hsv infection. previous studies have demonstrated that extracts from hsv-infected cells and partially purified hsv virions display vhs-dependent rnase activity and that vhs is sufficient to trigger accelerated rna degradation when expressed as the only hsv protein in an ... | 1999 | 10438802 |