Publications

dna genome of spontaneously occurring deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 lacking one copy of the inverted repeat sequences of the l component.	three non-engineered, spontaneously occurring herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutants (gn52, gn82, and gn91) that have a deletion of approximately 10 kbp (including a part of the ul55 gene, the entire ul56 gene, and one copy of the inverted repeat sequences of the l component (r(l))) and retain the a sequence were isolated. the yields of the mutants at 24 h post-adsorption in cultured cells were comparable to that of an hsv-1 isolate (gn28) without the deletion. although the three mutants lo ...	2011	21448739
virucidal activity of the dendrimer microbicide spl7013 against hiv-1.	topical microbicides for use by women to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted infections are urgently required. dendrimers are highly branched nanoparticles being developed as microbicides. spl7013 is a dendrimer with broad-spectrum activity against hiv type i (hiv-1) and -2 (hiv-2), herpes simplex viruses type-1 (hsv-1) and -2 (hsv-2) and human papillomavirus. spl7013 [3% (w/w)] has been formulated in a mucoadhesive carbopol gel (vivagel® ...	2011	21459115
single tube multiplex real-time pcr for the rapid detection of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system.	human herpesvirus infection of immunocompromised hosts may lead to central nervous system (cns) infection and diseases. in this study, a single tube multiplex real-time pcr was developed for the detection of five herpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2, vzv, ebv and cmv) in clinical cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens. two primer pairs specific for the herpesvirus polymerase gene and five hybridization probe pairs for the specific identification of the herpesvirus types were used in a lightcycler multiplex ...	2011	21466846
a pre-immediate-early role for tegument icp0 in the proteasome-dependent entry of herpes simplex virus.	herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry requires host cell 26s proteasomal degradation activity at a postpenetration step. when expressed in the infected cell, the hsv immediate-early protein icp0 has e3 ubiquitin ligase activity and interacts with the proteasome. the cell is first exposed to icp0 during viral entry, since icp0 is a component of the inner tegument layer of the virion. the function of tegument icp0 is unknown. deletion of icp0 or mutations in the n-terminal ring finger domain of icp0 re ...	2011	21471243
generation of neutralising aptamers against hsv-2: potential components of multivalent microbicides.	the prophylactic use of topical antiviral agents has recently been validated by the reduction in hiv-1 infection incidence seen using tonofovir-containing microbicides. in order to develop a wide-spectrum microbicide to prevent infection with a wide range of sexually transmitted viruses, we have previously reported the development of hiv-neutralizing aptamers, and here report the isolation and characterization of aptamers that neutralize herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). these aptamers bind t ...	2011	21471320
herpes gladiatorum with ocular involvement in a mixed martial arts fighter.	we report a case of herpes gladiatorum (hg) in a professional mixed martial arts (mma) fighter. the eruption appeared following a sparring session with a new partner and progressed to involve the left eye. fever and facial rash prompted the patient to go to the hospital where he was treated with antiviral therapy. the considerable increase in popularity of mma may lead to a greater prevalence of hg as well as other cutaneous infections contracted through skin-to-skin contact.	2011	21488573
in vivo imaging of intraprostatic-specific gene transcription by pet.	better intraprostatic cancer imaging techniques are needed to guide clinicians in prostate cancer treatment decisions. because many genes are specifically overexpressed in cancer cells, one strategy to improve prostate cancer detection is to image intraprostatic cancer-specific transcriptional activity. because of the obstacles of weak cancer- or tissue-specific promoter activity and bladder clearance of many pet tracers, intraprostatic pet of gene transcriptional activity has not been previousl ...	2011	21498525
identification of herpesvirus types 1-8 in oral cavity of children/adolescents with chronic renal failure.	j oral pathol med (2011) the aim of this investigation was to identify the prevalence of herpesvirus types 1-8 in the oral cavity of subjects with chronic renal failure (crf) and healthy subjects and compare the two groups, and also correlate the presence of the virus with some characteristics of crf disease (the type of treatment, drugs administered for crf and the presence of oral manifestations). the sample was made up of 60 subjects (aged 4-20) divided into the renal group (rg) and healthy g ...	2011	21501230
nuclear delivery mechanism of herpes simplex virus type 1 genome.	herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a widespread human pathogen infecting more than 80% of the population worldwide. its replication involves an essential, poorly understood multistep process, referred to as uncoating. uncoating steps are as follows: (1) the incoming capsid pinpoints the nuclear pore complex (npc). (2) it opens up at the npc and releases the highly pressurized viral genome. (3) the viral genome translocates through the npc. in the present review, we highlight recent advances ...	2011	21504018
hsv-1 stimulation-related protein hsrg1 inhibits viral gene transcriptional elongation by interacting with cyclin t2.	the protein encoded by hsrg1 (hsv-1 stimulation-related gene 1) is a virally induced protein expressed in hsv-1-infected cells. we have already reported that hsrg1 is capable of interacting with transcriptional regulator proteins. to further analyze the effects of hsrg1 on the regulation of viral gene transcription, we expressed the hsrg1 protein in transfected cells and found that it postpones the proliferation of hsv-1. cat (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) assays also revealed that hsrg1 re ...	2011	21509660
conservation of multifunctional ribosomal protein metallopanstimulin-1 (rps27) through complex evolution demonstrates its key role in growth regulation in archaea, eukaryotic cells, dna repair, translation and viral replication.	when the functions of a protein serve a useful survival and unique purpose, the selective pressures of evolutionary laws of nature conserve the dna sequences encoding such proteins. in many instances, the conservation of these sequences has occurred since the inception of life on earth to the present in phylogenetically related species. the unique function(s) of metallopanstimulin (mps-1/rps27) ribosomal protein (rp) and a limited number of other rps, in growth regulation, and viral infection is ...	2011	21518817
herpes simplex virus type 1 induced-transcriptional networks of corneal endothelial cells indicate antigen presentation function.	purpose: to determine the transcriptional response of cultured human corneal endothelial (hcen) cells after herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection and to characterize the primary functional elements and anti-viral responses. methods: immortalized hcen cells were infected with hsv-1, and the global transcriptional profile was determined. the transcriptional networks of hcen cells were constructed, and the inflammatory network nodes were evaluated for induction of candidate inflammatory med ...	2011	21540477
evaluation of hsv-1 and adenovirus vector-mediated infection, replication and cytotoxicity in lymphoma cell lines.	lymphoma is not a common focus for viral therapy as many researchers do not consider lymphoma as a suitable target for viral vectors. in the present study, the infection, replication and cytotoxicity of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and adenovirus vectors were screened and evaluated in different lymphoma cell lines. three recombinant viruses, bac-hsv-1-egfp, adv-egfp and an nv1020-like oncolytic hsv-1 virus strain named bac-hsv-1-egfp-delirs, inserted with green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a repor ...	2011	21567107
design and evaluation of a multi-epitope assembly peptide (meap) against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in balb/c mice.	abstract: background: human herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and 2 causes oral, ocular, or genital infections, which remains a significant health problem worldwide. hsv-1 and -2 infections in humans range from localized skin infections of the oral, ocular, and genital regions to severe and often disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. epitope based vaccination is a promising mean to achieve protective immunity and to avoid infections with human herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). method ...	2011	21575169
inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection by peptide-derivatized dendrimers.	in response to the need for new antiviral agents, dendrimer-based molecules have been recognized as having a large number of potential therapeutic applications. they include peptide derivatized-dendrimers: hyperbranched synthetic well-defined molecules which consist of a peptidyl branching core and covalently attached surface functional peptides. however, few studies have addressed their applications as direct-acting antiviral agents. here, we report on the ability of the peptide dendrimer sb105 ...	2011	21576438
oligosymptomatic herpetic hepatitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis using corticosteroid and methotrexate.		2011	21617551
genetic editing of herpes simplex 1 and epstein barr herpesvirus genomes by human apobec-3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo.	human apobec3 cytidine deaminases target and edit single stranded dna, which can be of viral, mitochondrial or nuclear origin. retroviral genomes such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) genomes deficient in the vif gene and hepatitis b virus are particularly vulnerable. the genomes of dna viruses such as human papillomaviruses can be edited in vivo and in transfection experiments. accordingly herpesviruses should be no exception. this is indeed the case for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ...	2011	21632763
herpes simplex virus immediate early protein icp0 is targeted by siah-1 for proteasomal degradation.	herpes simplex virus (hsv) immediate early protein icp0 is a transcriptional activator with e3 ubiquitin ligase activity that induces the degradation of nd10 proteins, including the promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) and sp100. moreover, icp0 has a role in the derepression of viral genomes and in the modulation of the host interferon response to virus infection. here we report that icp0 interacts with siah-1, a cellular e3 ubiquitin ligase, that is involved in multiple cellular pathways and is ...	2011	21632771
herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b and us3 collaborate to inhibit cd1d antigen presentation and nkt cell function.	herpes simplex viruses (hsvs) are prevalent human pathogens that establish latency in human neuronal cells and efficiently evade the immune system. it has been a major medical challenge to eradicate them and, despite intensive efforts, an effective vaccine is not available. we previously showed that upon infection of antigen-presenting cells, hsv type 1 (hsv-1) rapidly and efficiently downregulates the major histocompatibility complex class i-like antigen-presenting molecule, cd1d, and potently ...	2011	21653669
a novel fusogenic herpes simplex virus for oncolytic virotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma.	r849 is a neurovirulent ╬│ôéü34.5 gene-deficient form of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and has lacz genes at the deleted sites of the ╬│ôéü34.5 gene. hf is a spontaneously occurring, fusogenic hsv-1 strain. the purpose of this work was to generate a virus that has the syncytial character of hf, while preserving the ╬│ôéü34.5 gene inactivation profile of r849 virus.	2011	21663640
balticolid: a new 12-membered macrolide with antiviral activity from an ascomycetous fungus of marine origin.	a new 12-membered macrolide, balticolid (1) was isolated from the etoac extract of the culture broth of fungal strain 222 belonging to the ascomycota, which was found on driftwood collected from the coast of the greifswalder bodden, baltic sea, germany. the structure of balticolid was determined to be (3r,11r), (4e,8e)-3-hydroxy-11-methyloxacyclododeca-4,8-diene-1,7-dione using extensive spectral data as well as the modified mosher ester method. balticolid (1) displayed anti-hsv-1 activity with ...	2011	21673893
Analysis of Rab GTPase-activating proteins indicates that Rab1a/b and Rab43 are important for herpes simplex virus 1 secondary envelopment.	Assembly of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) occurs in the cytoplasm, where the capsid and tegument bud into host cell membranes. It is at this point that the viral glycoproteins are incorporated into the virion, as they are located at the assembly site. We investigated the role of the Rab GTPases in coordinating the assembly process by overexpressing 37 human Rab GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and assessing infectious titers. Rab GTPases are key cellular regulators of membrane trafficking even ...	2011	21680502
nuclear envelope breakdown can substitute for primary envelopment-mediated nuclear egress of herpesviruses.	herpesvirus nucleocapsids assemble in the nucleus but mature to infectious virions in the cytoplasm. to gain access to this cellular compartment, nucleocapsids are translocated to the cytoplasm by primary envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane and subsequent fusion of the primary envelope with the outer nuclear membrane. the conserved viral pul34 and pul31 proteins play a crucial role in this process. in their absence, viral replication is strongly impaired but not totally abolished. we used ...	2011	21680518
restrictions that control herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mouse brain ex-vivo.	elucidating the cellular and molecular factors governing hsv-1 neurotropism is a prerequisite for understanding hsv-1 encephalitis and for targeting hsv-1-derived vectors for gene transfer to the brain. earlier we have described an ex-vivo system of mouse brain slices and demonstrated a selective and unique infection pattern, mostly around the ventricles. here we examined tissue factors controlling hsv-1 infection of brain slices. we demonstrated that heparan sulphate, while an important factor, ...	2011	21697348
the intrinsic antiviral defense to incoming hsv-1 genomes includes specific dna repair proteins and is counteracted by the viral protein icp0.	cellular restriction factors responding to herpesvirus infection include the nd10 components pml, sp100 and hdaxx. during the initial stages of hsv-1 infection, novel sub-nuclear structures containing these nd10 proteins form in association with incoming viral genomes. we report that several cellular dna damage response proteins also relocate to sites associated with incoming viral genomes where they contribute to the cellular front line defense. we show that recruitment of dna repair proteins t ...	2011	21698222
'spontaneous molecular reactivation' of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the brain as a pathogenic mechanism of alzheimer's disease.		2011	21700397
antitumor effect of orlistat, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, is via activation of caspase-3 on human colorectal carcinoma-bearing animal.	we established a ht-29/tk-luc human colorectal carcinoma-bearing animal model for the study of the inhibition effect and mechanism of orlistat, a fatty acid synthase (fasn) inhibitor. the results showed that orlistat caused cell cycle arrest at g1 phase, and triggered apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. the tumor inhibition effect of orlistat may also due to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis without altering fasn activity. the tumor size of orlistat-treated mice in vivo was significantl ...	2011	21723078
conversion of trichosanthin-induced cd95 (fas) type i into type ii apoptotic signaling during herpes simplex virus infection.	trichosanthin (tcs) is a type i ribosome-inactivating protein with wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. it inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication but the mechanism is not clear. from a previous study, tcs was found to be more cytotoxic to hiv-1 infected cells than uninfected cells. similar finding was confirmed with hsv-1 in the present study. tcs induced cell death in hep-2 cells and the ec(50) was 24.64++g/ml. when the s ...	2011	21723610
novel 1,2,4-triazole and purine acyclic cyclopropane nucleoside analogues: synthesis, antiviral and cytostatic activity evaluations.	several published studies indicate that the acyclic guanine nucleoside analogues possessing bis(1,2-hydroxymethyl) substituted cyclopropane rings mimicking the sugar moiety are potent inhibitors of replication of several herpes viruses.	2011	21730369
the histone acetyltransferase clock is an essential component of the herpes simplex virus 1 transcriptome that includes tfiid, icp4, icp27, and icp22.	studies published elsewhere have shown that the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp0 interacts with bmal1, a partner and regulator of circadian histone acetyltransferase clock, that both proteins localize at nd10 bodies and are stabilized by viral proteins, that enzymatically active clock partially complements +öicp0 mutants, and that silencing of clock suppresses the expression of viral genes. here we report that clock is a component of the transcriptional complex that includes tfiid, i ...	2011	21734043
characterization of molecular determinants for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of prv ul54.	the pseudorabies virus (prv) early protein ul54 is a homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early protein icp27, which is a multifunctional protein and essential for hsv-1 infection. to determine if ul54 might shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, as has been shown for its homologues in human herpesviruses, the molecular determinants for its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling were investigated. heterokaryon assays demonstrated that ul54 was a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein ...	2011	21777931
divergent effects of human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus-1 on cellular metabolism.	viruses rely on the metabolic network of the host cell to provide energy and macromolecular precursors to fuel viral replication. here we used mass spectrometry to examine the impact of two related herpesviruses, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1), on the metabolism of fibroblast and epithelial host cells. each virus triggered strong metabolic changes that were conserved across different host cell types. the metabolic effects of the two viruses were, however, la ...	2011	21779165
aerobic fitness is associated with lower proportions of senescent blood t-cells in man.	senescent t-cells accumulate with age, lowering the naïve t-cell repertoire and increasing host infection risk. as this response is likely to be influenced by certain lifestyle factors, we examined the association between aerobic fitness (vo(2max)) and the age-related accumulation of senescent t-cells. blood lymphocytes from 102 healthy males (18-61yr) were analyzed for klrg1, cd57, cd28, cd45ra, cd45ro surface expression on cd4+ and cd8+ t-cells by 4-color flow cytometry. advancing age (yr) was ...	2011	21784146
herpes simplex virus type 1 penetrates the basement membrane in human nasal respiratory mucosa.	herpes simplex virus infections are highly prevalent in humans. however, the current therapeutics suffer important drawbacks such as limited results in neonates, increasing occurrence of resistance and impeded treatment of stromal infections. remarkably, interactions of herpesviruses with human mucosa, the locus of infection, remain poorly understood and the underlying mechanisms in stromal infection remain controversial.	2011	21789229
ddx60, a dexd/h box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting rig-i-like receptor-mediated signaling.	the cytoplasmic viral rna sensors rig-i and mda5 are important for the production of type i interferon and other inflammatory cytokines. ddx60 is an uncharacterized dexd/h box rna helicase similar to s. cerevisiae ski2, a cofactor of rna exosome, a protein complex required for the integrity of cytoplasmic rna. the expression of ddx60 increases after viral infection, and the protein localizes at cytoplasmic region. after viral infection, the ddx60 protein binds to endogenous rig-i protein. the pr ...	2011	21791617
expression of hsv-1 encoded mirnas in human trigeminal ganglia and their relation to local t-cell infiltrates.	herpes simplex type-1 (hsv-1) is a neurotropic virus which establishes lifelong latency in human trigeminal ganglia (tg). currently, two non-exclusive control mechanisms of hsv-1 latency are discussed: anti-viral cd8(+) t cells and viral micro rnas (mirna) encoded by the latency associated transcript (lat). here we investigate to what extent these mechanisms may contribute to the maintenance of hsv-1 latency. in the current study we show, that only a small proportion of lat(+) neurons is surroun ...	2011	21795359
tyrosine-based 1-(s)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine and -adenine ((s)-hpmpc and (s)-hpmpa) prodrugs: synthesis, stability, antiviral activity, and in vivo transport studies.	eight novel single amino acid (6-11) and dipeptide (12, 13) tyrosine p-o esters of cyclic cidofovir ((s)-chpmpc , 4) and its cyclic adenine analogue ((s)-chpmpa, 3) were synthesized and evaluated as prodrugs. in vitro ic(50) values for the prodrugs (<0.1-50 μm) vs vaccinia, cowpox, human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex type 1 virus were compared to those for the parent drugs ((s)-hpmpc, 2; (s)-hpmpa, 1; ic(50) 0.3-35 μm); there was no cytoxicity with kb or hff cells at ≤100 μm. the prodrugs ...	2011	21812420
antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from sphaerococcus coronopifolius (rhodophytha, gigartinales) and boergeseniella thuyoides (rhodophyta, ceramiales).	water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides isolated from two red algae sphaerococcus coronopifolius (gigartinales, sphaerococcaceae) and boergeseniella thuyoides (ceramiales, rhodomelaceae) collected on the coast of morocco inhibited in vitro replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) at 12.5 ++g/ml. in addition, polysaccharides were capable of inhibiting the in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) on vero cells values of ec(50) of 4.1 and 17.2 ++g/ml, respectively. th ...	2011	21822410
[in vitro study on the anti-hsv-1 and hbv activities of extracts from the fruit of eucalyptus maidenii].	to investigate the antiviral activities of three kinds of extracts from the fruit of eucalyptus maidenii against herpes simplex virus typel and hepatitis b virus.	2011	21823484
herpesvirus carriage in saliva and posttreatment apical periodontitis: searching for association.	objective: herpesvirus infection can cause immunosuppression and then act as a modifier of apical periodontitis, influencing the disease severity and response to treatment. the purpose of this study was to investigate if herpesvirus infection, as inferred by salivary carriage, may influence the endodontic treatment outcome. study design: the study population included 72 patients who had root canals treated more than 1 year previously because of necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. at the fol ...	2011	21831677
phase ib study of gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy adjuvant to up-front surgery and intensive timing radiation for malignant glioma.	purpose despite aggressive therapies, median survival for malignant gliomas is less than 15 months. patients with unmethylated o(6)-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase (mgmt) fare worse, presumably because of temozolomide resistance. adv-tk, an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, plus prodrug synergizes with surgery and chemoradiotherapy, kills tumor cells, has not shown mgmt dependency, and elicits an antitumor vaccine effect. patients and methods patien ...	2011	21844505
real-time pcr detection of human herpesvirus 1-5 in patients lacking clinical signs of a viral cns infection.	infections of the central nervous system (cns) with herpes- or enterovirus can be self-limiting and benign, but occasionally result in severe and fatal disease. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has revolutionized the diagnostics of viral pathogens, and by multiple displacement amplification (mda) prior to real-time pcr the sensitivity might be further enhanced. the aim of this study was to investigate if herpes- or enterovirus can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients without ...	2011	21849074
ocular herpes simplex virus: how are latency, reactivation, recurrent disease and therapy interrelated?	most humans are infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 in early childhood and remain latently infected throughout life. while most individuals have mild or no symptoms, some will develop destructive hsv keratitis. ocular infection with hsv-1 and its associated sequelae account for the majority of corneal blindness in industrialized nations. neuronal latency in the peripheral ganglia is established when transcription of the viral genome is repressed (silenced) except for the latency-asso ...	2011	21861620
Effect of ultrasound on herpes simplex virus infection in cell culture.	Ultrasound has been shown to increase the efficiency of gene expression from retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses. The effect of ultrasound to stimulate cell membrane permeabilization on infection with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was examined.	2011	21939524
An important role for syndecan-1 in herpes simplex virus type-1 induced cell-to-cell fusion and virus spread.	Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen that relies heavily on cell-to-cell spread for establishing a lifelong latent infection. Molecular aspects of HSV-1 entry into host cells have been well studied; however, the molecular details of the spread of the virus from cell-to-cell remain poorly understood. In the past, the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) during HSV-1 infection has focused solely on the role of HS chains as an attachment receptor for the virus, whi ...	2011	21957484
serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and herpesvidae family viruses in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a case-control study.	recent etiological studies for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have focused on the protozoan toxoplasma gondii and herpesvirdae family viruses.	2011	21991754
functional genomics reveals an essential and specific role for stat1 in protection of the central nervous system following herpes simplex virus corneal infection.	innate immune deficiencies result in a spectrum of severe clinical outcomes following infection. in particular, there is a strong association between loss of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) pathway, breach of the blood-brain barrier (bbb), and virus-induced neuropathology. the gene signatures that characterize resistance, disease, and mortality in the virus-infected nervous system have not been defined. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is commonly associated with e ...	2011	21994441
genetic factors influence serological measures of common infections.	antibodies against infectious pathogens provide information on past or present exposure to infectious agents. while host genetic factors are known to affect the immune response, the influence of genetic factors on antibody levels to common infectious agents is largely unknown. here we test whether antibody levels for 13 common infections are significantly heritable.	2011	21996708
Activation of Autophagy by a-herpesviruses in myeloid cells is mediated by cytoplasmic viral DNA through a mechanism dependent on stimulator of IFN genes.	Autophagy has been established as a player in host defense against viruses. The mechanisms by which the host induces autophagy during infection are diverse. In the case of HSV type 1 (HSV-1), dsRNA-dependent protein kinase is essential for induction of autophagy in fibroblasts through phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2a (eIF2a). HSV-1 counteracts autophagy via ICP34.5, which dephosphorylates eIF2a and inhibits Beclin 1. Investigation of autophagy during HSV-1 infection has largely ...	2011	21998456
clinical characteristics of patients with epstein barr virus in cerebrospinal fluid.	the role of epstein-barr (ebv) virus in central nervous system (cns) infections is not fully resolved. it is clearly associated with lymphoproliferative disease of immunosuppressed persons, and may cause encephalitis.	2011	22018204
synthesis of conformationally north-locked pyrimidine nucleosides built on an oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold.	beginning with a known 3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold (i), the relocation of the fused cyclopropane ring bond and the shifting of the oxygen atom to an alternative location engendered a new 2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template (ii) that mimics more closely the tetrahydrofuran ring of conventional nucleosides. the synthesis of this new class of locked nucleosides involved a novel approach that required the isocyanate ii (b = nco) with a hydroxyl-protected scaffold as a pivotal intermediate that ...	2011	22026578
c21orf91 genotypes correlate with herpes simplex labialis (cold sore) frequency: description of a cold sore susceptibility gene.	herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infects >70% of the united states population. we identified a 3-megabase region on human chromosome 21 containing 6 candidate genes associated with herpes simplex labialis (hsl, "cold sores").	2011	22039568
Herpetic blepharitis and inhaled budesonide.		2011	22136691
human hepatocyte growth factor promotes functional recovery in primates after spinal cord injury.	many therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury (sci) using neurotrophic factors have focused on reducing the area damaged by secondary, post-injury degeneration, to promote functional recovery. hepatocyte growth factor (hgf), which is a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes and a mediator of the inflammatory responses to tissue injury, was recently highlighted as a potent neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system. we previously reported that introducing exogenous hgf into the inju ...	2011	22140459
Detection of herpes simplex virus (1 and 2), varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and enterovirus in immunocompetent tunisian patients with acute neuromeningeal disorder.	Enteroviruses (EVs) and human herpesviruses (HHVs) are involved frequently in acute neurological disorders of viral etiology. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of herpes simplex virus types-1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human enteroviruses (EVs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of Tunisian immunocompetent patients with neuromeningeal disorders. The patients had been hospitalized at the Fattouma Bourgu ...	2012	22170549
host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.	the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...	2017	28636590