Publications

coliphage hk243: biological and physicochemical characteristics.	coliphage hk243 can form plaques on escherichia coli c and k-12, but not b. the plaques are 1-2 mm in diameter and are opaque areas which clear upon exposure to chloroform vapor. during one-step growth, the eclipse and the latent periods are 20 and 30 min, respectively. phage-infected cells continue to produce cell-free plaque-forming units for as long as 80 min after the end of the latent period, although at high multiplicities of infection (moi) most cells lyse. no lysogenic bacteria have been ...	1980	7412594
in vitro comparison of initiation properties of bacteriophage lambda wild-type pr and x3 mutant promoters.	the in vitro initiation properties of the pr promoter of bacteriophage lambda and of a pr mutant, x3, were compared. using the abortive initiation reaction, we measured the lags in the approach to a final steady-state rate when dinucleotide synthesis was initiated with rna polymerase. these lags corresponded to the average times required for the formation of transcriptionally active open complexes. by measuring the lags at different rna polymerase concentrations, we could separate open complex f ...	1980	6450417
thermal (52 degrees c) inactivation and mutagenesis of bacteriophage lambda.		1980	6450895
[adsorption of lambda phage dna onto escherichia coli cells treated with ca2+ ions and onto frozen--thawed bacteria].	the study of the biologically active tritium-labeled phage lambda dna adosrption on ca2+-treated and frozen--thawed e. coli cells showed the absence of a correlation between the adsorption level and transfection efficiency. thus the infectious phage lambda dna adsorption level does not change, while frozing--thawing of e. coli cells but it increases ten-fold when treating the cells with ca2+ in ice, the transfection efficiency level with this dna being equal for both types of recipients.	1980	6446330
induction of prophage lambda without amplification of reca protein.	the requirement for amplified synthesis of reca protein in the uv-promoted induction of coliphage lambda was studied. we confirmed that a low concentration of rifampicin inhibited specifically the increased synthesis of reca protein after an inducing treatment (satta and pardee, 1978). under these conditions, using an optimal dose of uv, e. coli lysogens were induced, producing active phage. the drug delayed the onset of induction and with increasing concentrations affected the yield of phage, b ...	1980	6446647
recombination of bacteriophage phi x174 by the red function of bacteriophage lambda.	recombination of bacteriophage phi x174 was effectively promoted when the red function of lambda was supplied by either co-infection with lambda or induction of lambda lysogens. mutations in red alpha and red beta genes of lambda abolished recombination nearly completely, whereas a mutation in gam gene reduced it only slightly. the red-promoted recombination of phi x174 occurred in reca, recb, and pola mutants as well as in wild-type strains of escherichia coli. it was further stimulated when ph ...	1979	430603
[repair of recombinant plasmids].	comparative analysis of uv-sensitivity was carried out on plasmids of various molecular weight. recombinant plasmids containing fragments of prokaryotic dna (e. coli, phage lambda) are repaired in e. coli cells more effectively than those containing eukaryotic dna fragments. it was also shown that uv-sensitivity of recombinant plasmids is independent of their molecular weight provided that the active repair process in fact occurs. uv-sensitivity was strongly proporational to dna size only when e ...	1979	398000
a rightward promoter to the left of the att site of lambda phage dna: possible participant in site-specific recombination.	the binding has been studied of escherichia coli rna-polymerase to the fragments of lambda dna obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases bsui, hindiii, bamhi, ecori and hindii + iii. there are at least six sites of rna-polymerase binding in the b2-region. in vitro transcription of those bsui-fragments of the b2-region which contain six binding sites is rightward. therefore, the fragments contain promoters rather than mere rna-polymerase binding sites. one of the promoters of the b2 re ...	1979	160359
cole1 plasmid incompatibility: localization and analysis of mutations affecting incompatibility.	deletion mutants of plasmid cole1 that involve the replication origin and adjacent regions of the plasmid have been studied to determine the mechanism by which those mutations affect the expression of plasmid incompatibility. it was observed that (i) a region of cole1 that is involved in the expression of plasmid incompatibility lies between base pairs -185 and -684; (ii) the integrity of at least part of the region of cole1 dna between base pairs -185 and -572 is essential for the expression of ...	1979	378980
in vitro transcription by wheat germ ribonucleic acid polymerase ii: effects of heparin and role of template integrity.	double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from bacteriophage lambda is a good template for wheat germ dna-dependent ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase ii. we delineated conditions for obtaining maximum polymerase activity using as template both the relatively intact dna extracted from the the lambda phage and dna into which single-strand nicks have been introduced by deoxyribonuclease (dnase) i digestion. the deliberate introduction of nicks produces a modest increase in transcription. the nacl ...	1979	387073
physical characterisation of the "rac prophage" in e. coli k12.	we confirm the hypothesis of low (1973) that many e. coli k12 strains contain a prophage (the rac prophage) located a few minutes clockwise of the trp operon on the genetic map. we have used restriction endonucleases and 32p-labelled probes to construct a physical map of this prophage. some e. coli k12 strains, including ab1157, have lost the entire prophage, apparently by a specific deletion. this is consistent with prophage excision by site-specific recombination. lambda reverse (lambda rev) p ...	1979	390313
[integration of lambda phage (author's transl)].		1979	233426
site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda: the role of host gene products.		1979	158465
nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda on the escherichia coli chromosome.	the nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda was determined in a region near the rrnb gene at 88 min on the e. coli chromosome. the sequence has a 8 base pair interrupted homology gct tttta to the common core of the primary attachment site (attb) and the corresponding phage sequence (attp). the site of crossover during integration lies probably between nucleotides -3 and +1. the flanking regions have no obvious homology to the arms of either attp or attb.	1979	160033
inactivation of bacteriophage lambda by combined x-ray and u.v.-light exposure.	extracellular phage lambda has been successively exposed to x-rays and u.v. light. the plaque-forming ability of the irradiated phages was determined on host cells with different repair capacities. no change in sensitivity was found with a pre-treatment of one type of radiation to lethal damage inflicted by the other. this indicates that a prerequisite for an interaction of different types of radiation is either an active metabolism or repair process occurring during the two radiation exposures.	1979	381227
transduction of bacteriophage lambda by bacteriophage t1.	when bacteriophage t1 was grown on bacteriophage lambda-lysogenic cells, phenotypically mixed particles were formed which had the serum sensitivity, host range, and density of t1 but which gave rise to lambda phage. t1 packaged lambda genomes more efficiently both when the length of the prophage was less than that of wild-type lambda and when the host cell was polylysogenic. expression of the red genes of lambda or the rece system of escherichia coli during t1 growth enhanced pickup of lambda by ...	1979	381686
construction and characterization of a plasmid coding for a fragment of the escherichia coli reca protein.	the e. coli reca gene was cloned from the phage lambda preca into the vector pbr313. a plasmid, pjl3, was also isolated by cloning a portion of the reca gene into the vector pbr322. pjl3 coded for a fragment of the reca protein 34 kd (kilodaltons) in size (compared to 40 kd for the intact protein). this fragment was antigenically related to the reca protein and its synthesis was subject to the same controls as that of the reca protein. the fragment did not express any detectable reca function. w ...	1979	395410
interaction of bacteriophage k10 with its receptor, the lamb protein of escherichia coli.	the lamb protein of escherichia coli was initially recognized as the receptor for bacteriophage lambda. it is now shown also to constitute the receptor for phage k10. the lamb protein interacts with phage k10 in vitro, but this interaction does not lead to phage inactivation. most lambda-resistant labb mutants are also resistant to k10, and vice versa. however, a significant proportion of the mutants resistant to one of the phages is sensitive to the other. nineteen k10-resistant lambda-sensitiv ...	1979	387746
molecular cloning of polyoma virus dna in escherichia coli: oncogenicity testing in hamsters.	inoculation of suckling hamsters with 2 x 10(8) live cells of escherichia coli k12 strain chi1776, carrying the complete genome of polyoma virus in a recombinant plasmid, failed to induce tumors in any of 32 recipients. also, lambda phage dna and particles with a monomeric insert of polyoma dna did not induce tumors. purified recombinant plasmid dna, as well as phage particles and dna containing a head-to-tail dimer of polyoma dna, showed a low degree of oncogenicity, comparable to that of polyo ...	1979	224458
the fate of phage lambda dna in lambda-infected minicells.	the fate of phage lambda dna in lambda-infected escherichia coli minicells harboring the plasmid cole1, and in plasmid-free minicells, were studied. binding of lambda dna to the minicell membrane, and formation of the supercoiled covalently-closed circular structure has been demonstrated. phage infection abolishes plasmid dna synthesis. only a very slight, non-replicative lambda dna synthesis occurs, soon after infection. this synthesis is associated with fragments of lambda dna arising during, ...	1979	161175
a single base-pair change creates a chi recombinational hotspot in bacteriophage lambda.	x4+ mutations, responsible for the chi phenotype in phage lambda, locally increase the rate of recombination promoted by the escherichia coli recombination system (rec). x+ mutations in the cii gene, one of a few sites in lambda at which such mutations arise, were located genetically and physically with overlapping deletions. dna sequence analysis of the deletion segment containing the x+ c mutations showed that two independent x+ c mutations arose by the same a-t to t-a transversion. presumably ...	1978	282634
enzymatic breakage of the cohesive end site of phage lambda dna: terminase (ter) reaction.	an in vitro system is described for measuring the endonucleolytic conversion of the phage lambda cohesive end sites in concatemeric dna to the cohesive chromosomal ends of the mature molecule. this enzymic process, known as the ter reaction, is catalyzed by purified lambda a gene protein. the reaction is markedly stimulated by atp, mg2+, spermidine, and one or more uncharacterized factors present in extracts of uninfected escherichia coli cells. in vitro, the ter reaction proceeds in the absence ...	1978	279909
identification of the n gene protein of bacteriophage lambda.	the n gene protein, pn, of bacteriophage lambda stimulates early gene transcription by allowing mrna chain elongation to proceed into genes distal to transcription termination sites normally recognized by the escherichia coli transcription termination protein rho. pn has previously eluded detection on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels because of its small size, its instability, and the difficulty of distinguishing pn itself both from host proteins and from other early lambda proteins wh ...	1978	276863
correlation between uv dose requirement for lambda bacteriophage induction and lambda repressor concentration.	escherichia coli k-12 wild type and a uvra mutant derivative were used to construct isogenic strains bearing one, two, three, or more phage lambda ci genomes and containing increasing concentration of lambda repressor as measured by in vitro operator dna-binding assays. the survival and phage induction in response to uv irradiation were determined. in both strains, dose-response relationships were obtained as a function of the cellular repressor concentration. the uvra lysogens required one-tent ...	1978	353300
[molecular cloning of the structural genes of the escherichia coli deo-operon in plasmid rsf2124].	a specialized phage lambda ddeo carrying the deo operon of escherichia coli is analyzed by exposing the dna to the specific restriction endonucleases ecori and bamhi. using the lambda ddeo dna fragment, obtained by digestion with bamhi and plasmid rsf2124 as a vehicle, the hybrid plasmid pam1 carrying all the genes of the deo operon is constructed and cloned in e. coli cells. it is shown that the activity of thymidine phosphorylase in the strain am061, which contains hybrid plasmid pam1 is 30-fo ...	1978	363516
genes for the hook-basal body proteins of the flagellar apparatus in escherichia coli.	of the more than 30 genes required for flagellar function, 6 are located between pyrc and ptsg on the escherichia coli genetic man. this cluster of genes is called flagellar region i. four-point transductional crosses were used to establish the position and order of the region i flagellar genes with respect to the outside markers ptsg and pyrc. bacteriophage lambda-e. coli hybrids that contained most of the genes necessary for flagellar formation were constructed. the properties of specific hybr ...	1978	350831
restoration of polarity by n-deficiency in lambda phage containing a translocated trp operon segment.	when translation of trp mrna is terminated by a nonsense codon or by antibiotics like chloramphenicol, the amount of the mrna distal to the blocked ribosomes is found at much lower levels ("polarity"). polarity is alleviated when the trp mrna is formed as part of a long transcript from the phage lambda promoter pl (segawa and imamoto, 1974; franklin, 1974); but the relief of polarity is itself largely dependent on the lambda protein n. in a phage that joins the trp operon segment (trpd, c, b a) ...	1978	345080
maximizing gene expression on a plasmid using recombination in vitro.	recombination in vitro has been used to place one or more copies of a strong promoter, the lac promoter, at varying distances from the cl (repressor) gene of bacteriophage lambda on the e. coli plasmid pmb9. in all constructions, lambda repressor synthesis is driven wholly or predominantly by the inserted lac promoter. one of our fusions directs the synthesis of very high levels of lambda repressor. in this case, the fused dna encodes a ribosome binding site which is a "hybrid" of lambda and lac ...	1978	340049
bacteriophage lambda carrying the escherichia coli chromosomal region of the replication origin.	a transducing phage lambdaasn was isolated. the late gene region of its genome was found to have been substituted by an escherichia coli chromosomal segment containing the genes bgir, bgic, glms, unca, and asn. restriction endonuclease cleavage mapping and electron microscopic analysis of the lambdaasn dna revealed that the size of the bacterial segment is approximately 1.75 x 10(7) daltons, corresponding to about 26.4 kilobases. the circular dna of lambdaasn was digested with restriction endonu ...	1978	368808
initiation of lambda dna replication in vitro promoted by isolated p-gene product.	the product of the p gene of bacteriophage lambda was isolated from heat-induced lambda-lysogenic escherichia coli cells. it was found to bind to dna, to be devoid of nuclease activity acting on double-stranded lambda dna and of nicking/closing activity. initiation of lambda dna replication promoted by the p-gene product in a complementation assay in vitro was sensitive to rifampicin. sedimentation analysis of the products and their hybridization to separated lambda dna strands indicate that lam ...	1978	342246
[cloning of the hepatitis b virus genome in escherichia coli].	the whole genome of the hepatitis b virus (dane particles) was inserted in vitro in the genome of the bacteriophage lambda gtwes . lambda b. the recombinant dna molecule was cloned in e. coli. amplification of the hybrid bacteriophage enables the preparation of large amounts of hepatitis b virus dna. the possibilities offered by the utilization of this recombinant bacteriophage are discussed.	1978	158442
organization of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene cluster of neurospora crassa by means of restriction endonucleases and cloning in bacteriophage lambda [proceedings].		1978	154424
the organization of ribosomal rna genes in the mitochondrial dna of tetrahymena pyriformis strain st.	1. we have constructed a physical map of the mtdna of tetrahymena pyriformis strain st using the restriction endonucleases ecori, psti, saci, hindiii and hhai. 2. hybridization of mitochondrial 21 s and 14 s ribosomal rna to restriction fragments of strain st mtdna shows that this dna contains two 21-s and only one 14-s ribosomal rna genes. by s1 nuclease treatment of briefly renatured single-stranded dna the terminal duplication-inversion previously detected in this dna (arnberg et al. (1975) b ...	1978	102353
regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in escherichia coli: characterization of mutants lacking the uridylyltransferase.	a lambda phage (lambdank55) carrying the translocatable element tn10, conferring tetracycline resistance (tetr), has been utilized to isolate glutamine auxotrophs of escherichia coli k-12. such strains lack uridylyltransferase as a result of an insertion of the tn10 element in the glnd gene. the glnd::tn10 insertion has been mapped at min 4 on the e. coli chromosome and 98% contransducible by phage p1 with dapd. a lambda transducing phage carrying the glnd gene has been identified. a glnd::tn10 ...	1978	26660
transfection of escherichia coli spheroplasts: infectious lambda prophage dna.	high mol. wt. dna was extracted from escherichia coli lambda lysogens and was shown to be infectious. its infectivity was due to prophage dna integrated into the host chromosome rather than to dna released from mature phage particles, as established by the following criteria: the titre of infectious dna exceeded by 100-fold the titre of infectious units present before dna extraction; mild shear selectively reduced prophage dna infectivity to 2% of the unsheared dna while lambda phage dna infecti ...	1978	351139
coupling of lac mrna transcription to translation in escherichia coli cell extracts.	in an extract containing all the components for lac gene expression except washed ribosomes, lac mrna formation was increased 4- to 6-fold by the addition of washed ribosomes. the formation of beta-galactosidase mrna and enzyme showed very different dependency on added ribosomes. enzyme was formed in proportion to the number of ribosomes added, whereas 10% of the standard level of ribosomes promoted full levels of transcription. consistent with their action in vivo, chloramphenicol and erythromy ...	1978	415305
in vitro synthesis of beta-galactosidase with ilv-lac fusion deoxyribonucleic acid as template.	an in vitro protein-synthesizing system has been developed to study the mechanism of induction of ilvc gene in escherichia coli strain k-12. deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from a lambda phage carrying an ilvc-lac fusion was employed as a template for the in vitro synthesis of beta-galactosidase under the control of the ilvc promoter. the use of this template allowed an investigation of the components required for induction of the ilvc gene and the kinetics of the induction. the in vitro synthesis o ...	1977	411784
insertion sequence is2 associated with int-constitutive mutants of bacteriophage lambda.	we have examined mutations in bacteriophage lambda called int-c, which confer elevated constitutive expression on the int gene for prophage integration. one class of mutations, which map between the b538 and bio386 endpoints, does not appear to be associated with any major chromosomal modification, whereas the second class has the is2 insertion sequence in orientation ii within the region between gene int and the b538 endpoint, all int-c mutations are within gene xis, with the possible exception ...	1977	344135
genetic inversion in the formation of an hfr strain from a temperature-sensitive f' gal strain.	an hfr strain (pb15) that carries a duplicated copy of the galactose operon genes flanking the integrated sex factor is unusually stable since it does not show excision of the repeated deoxyribonucleic acid segment. the right-hand galactose operon is in the normal orientation. deletion mutations that eliminate the right-hand galactose genes, the sex factor, and some of the left-hand operon have been isolated. mutants believed to have their left-hand galactose operon inverted were able to be indu ...	1977	318642
genetic characterization of plasmid formation by n- mutants of bacteriophage lambda.		1977	325881
[the action of selected herbicides on bacteriophages and escherichia coli (author's transl)].	the effect of eight herbicides on the multiplication of bacteria and bacteriophages was tested with escherichia coli, strains w1665f+ and c600, and with the rna-phage m12 and the dna-phage lambda in turbidimetric investigations and one-step growth experiments. e. coli is inhibited by seven of the herbicides investigated in concentrations of 10(-3)m, partly of 10(-4)m, too, and is promoted by some compounds in weaker concentrations. naphthylacetic acid, (nes) largely independent of its concentrat ...	1977	327728
kinetics of induction of error-prone repair of bacteriophage lambda by temperature shift in an escherichia coli dnab mutant.	preincubation at 42 degrees, before infection at permissive temperature by phage lambda, of an escherichia coli dnab mutant, provokes a significant increase in survival and mutagenesis of ultraviolet irradiated phage as well as mutagenesis of untreated phage. similarly to uv irradiation and many chemical mutagens, the inhibition of dna synthesis by temperature shift of this dnab mutant induces sos repair. this work shows that replication blockage in bacterial dna is not only mutagenic for bacter ...	1977	337133
in vitro packaging of a lambda dam vector containing ecori dna fragments of escherichia coli and phage p1.	in this report we describe a coliphage lambda vector system for cloning endo r. ecori dna fragments. this system differs significantly from those previously described in two ways. first, restricted and ligated dna is encapsidated in vitro. second, with increasing lambda dna size in the range 78 to 100% that of wild-type, the efficiency of dna encapsidation into infectious phage particles markedly increases. for lambda wild-type dna the efficiency of in vitro packaging (10(6) to 10(7) plaques pro ...	1977	338419
the thirteenth colworth medal lecture: the construction in vitro and exploitation of transducing derivatives of bacteriophage lambda.		1977	340298
repressor and int synthesis of bacteriophage lambda in the e. coli host mutant er437.	analysis of lambda phage infection of the host mutant er437 by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography has revealed altered expression of repressor and integration function (int). we show that in this host int as well as repressor synthesis is not dependent upon the lambdaciii gene product in the usual manner, nor is their synthesis turned off in the normal way.	1977	340886
dna replication--bacteriophage lambda.		1977	340149
isolation and characterization of conditional-lethal rho mutants of escherichia coli.	temperature-sensitive nita (rho) mutants of e. coli were isolated; one of them was characterized as an amber mutant. these strains show the nit phenotype (transcription of phage lambda dna independent of the n gene) at low temperatures and are inviable at high temperatures. the mutated sites appear to be between cya and mete on the chromosome. temperature-sensitive nita bacteria not only permit leftward transcription of the lambda genome at a high rate in the absence of the lambda n protein, but ...	1977	322147
isolation and characterization of lambda pleu bacteriophages.	in the escherichia coli lysogen hfrh73 described by shimada et al. (1973), none of the enzymes coded for by the leucine operon is synthesized due to an insertion of phage lambda into cistron leua. the orientation of lambda in the chromosome is ara leudcb lambda jan leua. after heat induction of the lysogen, plaque-forming transducing phages of two types are formed at low frequency. one type (e.g., lambda pleu9) transduces leud, leuc, and leub strains to prototrophy. the other type (e.g., lambda ...	1977	320178
the mechanism of action of nitro-heterocyclic antimicrobial drugs. primary target of 1-methyl-2-nitro-5-vinylimidazole is dna.	the antimicrobial drug 1-methyl-2-nitro-5-vinylimidazole (mev) preferentially blocked dna synthesis, was mutagenic and induced coliphage lambda in escherichia coli. the antibacterial effects of mev are the consequences of repairable damage to dna, as shown by hypersensitivity of reca and uvr strains to mev and related drugs, stimulation by mev of dna turnover which was dependent on the product of the uvra gene, and the presence of cross-links in dna from mev-treated bacteria.	1977	330809
a specialized transducing lambda phage carrying the escherichia coli genes for phenylalanyl-trna synthetase.	a lambda phage has been isolated which specifically transduces the escherichia coli phes and phet genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits of the phenylalanyl-trna synthetase (prs). this phage transduces with high frequency (i) several temperature-sensitive prs mutants to thermoresistance and (ii) a p-fluorophenylalanine resistant prs mutant to sensitivity against this amino-acid analog. the in vitro prs activities of such lysogens suggest that the alpha and beta subunits coded by the transd ...	1977	327276
analysis of the phase variation in lambda reduced immunity lysogens.	two distinct phases characterized by different levels of immunity that appear in some e. coli strains lysogenic for reduced immunity mutants of bacteriophage lambda are identified as single and tandem double lysogens respectively on the basis of dna-dna hybridization experiments and the requirement of the phage xis function for the transition from a single to a double, and of the host reca function for the transition from a double to a single lysogen (in a xis- condition). rim lysogens with a fu ...	1977	327265
transcription in vitro of bacteriophage lambda 4s rna: studies on termination and rho protein.	when bacteriophage lambdapga18 dna is transcribed in a purified in vitro system by e. coli rna polymerase (nucleoside triphosphate: rna nucleotidyl-transferase, ec 2.7.7.6), several major transcripts are synthesized. we have investigated transcriptional termination of one of these transcripts, the 4s, or "oop" rna. analysis by two-dimensional "fingerprinting" of t1 oligonucleotides reveals that transcription of the 4s rna terminates at a specific site on the lambdapga18 dna template, t-l with an ...	1977	325526
isolation and characterization of plaque-forming lambdadnaz+ transducing bacteriophages.	the escherichia coli dnaz gene, a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerization gene, is located 1.2 min counterclockwise from pure, at approximately min 10.5 on the e. coli map. from a lysogen with lamdaci857 integrated at a secondary attachment site near pure, transducing phages (lambdadnas+) that transduced a dnazts (lambda+) recipient to temperature insensitivity (ts+) were discovered. three different plaque-forming transducing phages were isolated from seven primary heterogenotes. genetic test ...	1977	323235
specialized transduction of colicin e1 dna in escherichia coli k-12.	genetic studies were made on e. coli k-12 tm96, which carries recombinant molecules constructed by in vitro combination of colicin e1 dna and a dna fragment of e. coli for guanine synthesis derived from transducing phage. the recombinant molecules existed as stable plasmids within the cell and contained genes for colicin e1 immunity and the guaa enzyme (xanthosine 5'-monophosphate aminase) together with a part of the lambda genome, r through j: (r-a-f-j)+. a block of the lambda genome, int throu ...	1976	787989
maturation of a single lambda phage particle from a dimeric circular lambda dna.		1976	790755
[new mutations in the early stage of phage lambda].		1976	798250
[substrate of a uv-induced repair system providing for w-reactivation of lambda phage].	escherichia coli uvra, pola and uvrd cells carrying non-uv-inducible prophage lambdac1857ind- were infected with 3h-thymidine labelled homoimmune phage lambdac1857, and the effect of uv-irradiation of super-infecting phage and lysogenic bacterial cells on the content of intracellular covalently-closed lambda dna circles (cccdna) and pyrimidine dimer content in lambda dna are studied. uv-irradiation of host cells results in two-fold increase of relative content of cccdna of uv-irradiated phage la ...	1976	1001892
suppressible mutations in the cro gene of bacteriophage lambda.		1976	795138
multiple steps during the interaction between coliphage lambda and its receptor protein in vitro.		1976	180667
morphogenesis of bacteriophage lambda: electron microscopy of thin sections.		1976	781268
transposition and fusion of the lac genes to selected promoters in escherichia coli using bacteriophage lambda and mu.		1976	781293
lethal lysogenization by coliphage lambda.		1976	782020
role of the bacterial and phage recombination systems and of dna replication in genetic recombination of uv-irradiated phage lambda.	in this paper are studied in e. coli k12 the influence of the bacterial rec and phage mu red recombination systems on the rescue of the o plus gene from the prophage by a superinfecting o minus phage, uv irradiated or not. in the absence of uv irradiation the red system produces more recombinants than does the rec system, and its action requires dna replication. the presence of uv lesions in the mu dna facilitates the action of the rec system, which is more efficient in this instance than the re ...	1976	785209
a transducing bacteriophage lambda carrying the structural gene for elongation factor ts.	a specialized transducing bacteriophage lambdadpolcdap d-9 has been isolated that carries the structural gene for ef-ts1 (tsf). the presence of ef-ts among the proteins synthesized under the direction of this phage in uvl-inactivated cells has been detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and has been verified by antibody precipitation. in an induced lysogen of this phage the relative rate of synthesis of ef-ts is increased 4-fold. evidence is presented which suggest that the structural g ...	1976	792684
induction of sigma factor synthesis in escherichia coli by the n gene product of bacteriophage lambda.	thermoinduction of cells of e. coli carrying prophage lambdaci857 within the bfe gene brings about not only "escape synthesis" of core subunits of the dna-dependent rna polymerase (rna nucleotidyltransferase, nucleosidetriphosphate:rna nucleotidyltransferase, ec 2-7-7-6), but also a striking stimulation of sigma factor synthesis. the latter phenomenon, termed sigma induction, is generally observed after lambda phage infection or prophage induction. a series of experiments with various bacterial ...	1976	794877
the yield of radiation-induced dna single-strand breaks in escherichia coli and superinfecting phage lambda at different dose rates. repair of strand breaks in different buffers.		1976	794917
physicochomecial studies on interactions between dna and rna polymerase. isolation and mapping of a t7 dna fragment containing the early promoters for escherichia coli rna polymerase.	the cleavage sites in the early promoter region of coliphage t7 have been mapped for four restriction enzymes. they are, from the left end in base pairs, 1100 and 740 for hinf; 680, 320, 530, 240, 77, and 67 for hind ii; 620 and 530 for hpa ii; 790 for alu i. the nucleotide sequence between the hind ii site at 680 base pairs from the left end and the hinf site at 740 base pairs from the left end has been determined, from which the start point of the promoter a3 is located at 720 base pairs from ...	1976	795461
location in bacteriophage lamdba dna of cleavage sites of the site-specific endonuclease from bacillus amyloliquefaciens h.	the sites in escherichia coli bacteriophage lambda dna cleaved by the site-specific endonuclease isolated from bacillus amyloliquefaciens h (bami) are found to be at 0.114, 0.466, 0.580, 0.713, and 0.861 lambda units. the sites were located by analysis of the products of digestion of lambda dna and lambda-ara transducing phage dna, and verified by double digestion with bami and ecori.	1976	1083914
differential sensitivity to antibiotics of trp mrna synthesis originating at the trp promoter and the lambda promoter.	transcription of the escherichia coli trp operon translocated into the early region of bacteriophage lambda can occur under the control of either of two promoters, the trp promoter on the lambda promoter (ol of n gene). (imamato, f. and tani, s. (1972) nat. new biol. 240, 172-175 and ihara s. and imamoto, f. (1976) biochim. biophys. acta 432, 199-211). trp mrna synthesis originating at the trp promoter stopped when translation was blocked by chloramphenicol tetracycline erythromycin or puromycin ...	1976	1268253
specific hydrolysis of the cohesive ends of bacteriophage lambda dna by three single strand-specific nucleases.	procedures have been worked out for aspergillus nuclease s1 and mung been nuclease to quantitatively cleave off both of the 12-nucleotide long, single-stranded cohesive ends of lambdadna. this cleavage is indicated by the almost complete elimination of the repair incorporation of radioactive nucleotides by dna polymerase into the digested dna. with s1 nuclease, cleavage was complete at 10 degrees as well as at 30 degrees. under the conditions for quantitative cleavage of the single-stranded regi ...	1975	1141222
genetic consequences of transfection with heterduplex bacteriophage lambda dna.	the role of rectification of heteroduplex heterozygotes in the formation of recombinant genotypes involving closely linked markers has been examined. heteroduplex molecules of bacteriophage lambda dna, heterozygous at several alleles, have been constructed and the genetic composition of phage present in infective centers derived by transfection with such molecules has been determined. allele loss and concomitant recombinant formation is frequent, and appears to reflect marker specificity as well ...	1975	1107809
mismatch repair in heteroduplex dna.	dna with base pair mismatches was prepared by annealing mixtures of genetically marked dna from bacteriophage lambda. this heteroduplex dna was used to transfect bacteria under conditions minimizing recombination. genetic analysis of the progeny phages indicates that: (i) mismatch repair occurs, usually giving rise to a dna molecule with one chain with the genotype arising from repair and one parental chain. (ii) the frequency of repair of a given mismatch to wild type depends on the marker, ran ...	1975	1094458
morphogenesis of the tail of bacteriophage lambda. ii. in vitro formation and properties of phage particles with extra long tails.		1975	1089336
processing of bacteriophage lambda dna during its assembly into heads.		1975	1102699
studies on the cleavage of bacteriophage lambda dna with ecori restriction endonuclease.		1975	1102702
constitutive integrative recombination by bacteriophage lambda.		1975	1094679
phage lambda receptor chromosomes for dna fragments made with restriction endonuclease iii of haemophilus influenzae and restriction endonuclease i of escherichia coli.		1975	1104875
synthesis and degradation of early mrna in lambda phage.	using two different escherichia coli mutants defective in elongation factors efg and efts required for peptide synthesis, lambda phage with or without a tof mutation was analysed for synthesis of early mrna by dna-rna hybridization technique. (1) in cp78g carrying temperature-sensitive elongation factor g, shift-up to high temperature (41 degrees c) in the middle of phage infection did not affect early mrna synthesis with lambdatof+ phage but did inhibit it with lambdatof- phage. (2) in hak88 ca ...	1975	1101966
reversible interaction between coliphage lambda and its receptor protein.		1975	1107562
visualization of a novel junction in bacteriophage lambda dna.	at early times after infection of a reca derivative of escherichia coli with lambdab221c126red270a42 phage, a low but significant proportion of intracellular lambda molecules show a novel junction. these junctions are also present, although in reduced numbers, in a lysate obtained at late times after infection of a reca+ host with lambdaciiciii phage. fine structure and denaturation mapping analyses showed that these junctions occur at homologous positions and that they are compatible with the o ...	1975	1103134
transposition of r factor genes to bacteriophage lambda.	transpositions of segments of r factor (antibiotic resistance plasmids) to bacteriophage lambda have been selected and characterized. cells of escherichia coli harboring r factors that determine kanamycin resistance were infected with phage lambda, and lambdakan transducing lines were obtained. each of the three examined is unusual when compared to lambda transducing phages containing e. coli chromosomal genes: the kan insertions (a) occur at several sites, each well removed from the integration ...	1975	1059152
proteolytic cleavage of bacteriophage lambda repressor in induction.	the bacteriophage lambda repressor, a protein that maintains the lysogenic state of a bacterium containing a lambda prophage, is cleaved when the lysogen is induced by mitomycin c or ultraviolet light. this cleavage does not occur when induction is prevented by mutational alteration either of the phage repressor or of the host reca gene product. proteolytic cleavage may be the primary mechanism of repressor inactivation in this induction pathway, or it may follow a different event which causes t ...	1975	1090931
mutations simultaneously affecting endonuclease ii and exonuclease iii in escherichia coli.	we studied mutants of e. coli originally identified as being deficient in either endonuclease ii (deoxyribonucleate oligonucleotidohydrolase, ec 3.1.4.30) or exonuclease iii [deoxyribonucleate (double-stranded) 5'-nucleotidohydrolase, ec 3.1.4.27] activity. twelve independently derived mutants were tested, including three new endonuclease ii mutants. deficiency of one enzyme was always accompanied by deficiency of the other. furthermore, temperature-sensitivity of one activity was always accompa ...	1975	1091930
electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among bacterial plasmids: identification and mapping of the insertion sequences is1 and is2 in f and r plasmids.	heteroduplex experiments between the plasmid r6 and one strand of the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of a lambda phage carrying the insertion sequence is1 show that is1 occurs on r6 at the two previously mapped junctions of resistance transfer factor (rtf) dna with r-determinant dna. from previous heteroduplex experiments, it then follows that is1 occurs at the same junctions in r6-5, r100-1, and r1 plasmids. heteroduplex experiments with the dna from a lambda phage carrying the insertion sequence ...	1975	1092668
the biological activity of bacteriophage dna, prepared by the cationic detergent dilution technique.	the preparation of phage lambda dna infecting e. coli k 12 with cationic detergent is described. this dna infects e. coli spheroblasts with the same efficiency as dna prepared by phenol methods.	1975	1093138
bacteriophage lambda induction causes increased production of e. coli lysine transfer rna.		1975	1103738
[competence in escherichia coli cells. iii. formation of competent states in escherichia coli x7026 and escherichia coli hfr h cells during storage in different conditions].	the competence formation in 2 strains of escherichia coli x7026 and hfr h to isolated phage gamma dna after the prolonged treatment of cells with ca++ ions at low temperatures was investigated. in both strains studied the sensitivity of cells to phage lambda dna increased during several days of maintenance at 4 degrees c in 0.2 m cacl2, and reached the maximal value in 24-48 hours for e. coli hfr h cells, and in 72-96 hours for e. coli x7026 cells. cells maintained in cacl2 for 24 hours and more ...	1975	767199
induction of error-prone repair as a consequence of dna ligase deficiency in escherichia coli.	dna ligase deficiency is shown to induce generalized mutator activity in e. coli. this mutator activity is unaffected by 3 mug/ml of chloramphenicol but is abolished both in lig-reca double mutants and by incubation with 20 mug/ml of chloramphenicol. dna ligase deficiency is also shown to reactivate ultraviolet light-irradiated phage lambda and t7 and to increase both spontaneous and ultraviolet light-induced mutagenesis in phage lambda, all of which are abolished in lig-reca strains. interactio ...	1975	1105587
isolation and properties of escherichia coli mutants which are nonpermissive for the growth of phage lambda.	by selecting survivors of lambda phage infection, mutants of escherichia coli k12 that block reproduction cycle of the phage have been isolated. fourteen of these phage-tolerant mutants (lam mutants) were chosen and characterized biochemically and genetically. it was shown that these mutants were tolerant to infection by all the lambdoid phages, except for few cases, but they were susceptible to infection by a non-lambdoid temperate phage (phi299), p1 or t phages. the mutants can be divided into ...	1975	772257
[effect of mutations in genes n and p on the ability of uv-irradiated phage lambda to induce synthesis of colicin e1 in escherichia coli].		1974	4830043
inactivation of transfecting dna by physical and chemical agents: influence of genotypes of phage lambda and host cells.		1974	4612352
radiochemical purification of bacteriophage lambda integrase.		1974	4589454
preparation of plasmid lambda dv from bacteriophage lambda: role of promoter-operator in the plasmid replicon.	a technique has been described for selection of bacteria carrying plasmid lambdadv. with this technique, the effects of mutations in the promoter-operators were compared on the production and perpetuation of the plasmid. it was found that "left" promoter-operator that controls leftward gene expressions can be deleted from the plasmid genome. some mutations of "right" promoter-operator (pror) that controls expression of genes tof, o, and p affect the stability of the plasmid. however, the plasmid ...	1974	4595898
bacteriophage lambda derivatives carrying two copies of the cohesive end site.		1974	4598361
n protein causes the lambda dv plasmid to inhibit heteroimmune phage lambda imm434 growth and stimulates lambda dv replication.		1974	4608877
interaction of escherichia coli o55 hybrids with bacteriophage lambda. a new type of host specificity between escherichia coli o55 and urinary escherichia coli.		1974	4609858
an escherichia coli mutant which inhibits the injection of phage lambda dna.		1974	4132241
new method for large-scale preparation of covalently closed lambda dna molecules.	a combination of mutations in bacteriophage lambda and its host escherichia coli k-12 provides a convenient system for the isolation of large quantities of covalently closed circular dna molecules. we describe two procedures for the large scale preparation of lambda dna in the duplex circular form.	1974	4610176
specific hydrolysis of the cohesive ends of bacteriophage lambda-deoxyribonucleic acid by micrococcus luteus ultraviolet exonuclease.		1974	4612037
characterization of bacteriophage lambda reverse as an escherichia coli phage carrying a unique set of host-derived recombination functions.		1974	4616090