Publications

sequences in the 5' proximal segment of the paused transcript affect nusa-mediated enhancement of transcriptional pausing.	nusa protein is a transcription elongation and termination factor that acts to enhance pausing of rna chain growth by rna polymerase at specific sites on dna templates. we demonstrate that this enhancement of pausing in tr1, the transcription termination site between genes cro and cii of phage lambda, is inhibited by dna oligonucleotides complementary to a segment of the nascent rna just preceding the sequence that is thought to be a part of the stem of an rna hairpin that is responsible for pau ...	1988	2839506
characterization of the types of mutational events that spontaneously occur in a plasmid system.	the immunity region from a ci857 derivative of bacteriophage lambda has been cloned into the ecori site of pbr322 to produce a plasmid that can be used to analyze spontaneous mutagenesis. cells containing this plasmid are temperature-sensitive for growth unless mutations have occurred that somehow prevent the expression of the kil gene in the lambda fragment at non-permissive temperature. 678 such temperature-resistant mutants from 10 independent subcultures each of 2 different reca- e. coli str ...	1988	2827020
illegitimate recombination mediated by calf thymus dna topoisomerase ii in vitro.	we have found that purified calf thymus dna topoisomerase ii mediates recombination between two phage lambda dna molecules in an in vitro system. the enzyme mainly produced a linear monomer recombinant dna that can be packaged in vitro. novobiocin and anti-calf thymus dna topoisomerase ii antibody inhibit this atp-dependent recombination. the recombinant molecules contain duplications or deletions, and most crossovers take place between nonhomologous sequences of lambda dna, as judged by the seq ...	1988	2832845
structural and functional analysis of tn4430: identification of an integrase-like protein involved in the co-integrate-resolution process.	the 4149-bp transposon tn4430 from bacillus thuringiensis is delineated by 38-bp inverted repeats and codes for a 113-kd protein that shares homology with the transposases (tnpa) of tn3, tn21 and tn501. through transpositional recombination, this protein generates the formation of co-integrates between both donor and target replicons, with duplication of tn4430 molecules. these features are characteristic of transposons of the tn3 family (class ii elements). the second step of the transposition ...	1988	2842151
activation of recf-dependent recombination in escherichia coli by bacteriophage lambda- and p22-encoded functions.	escherichia coli strains bearing wild-type and mutant alleles of various recombination genes, as well as plasmids that express recombination-related genes of bacteriophages lambda and p22, were tested for their proficiency as recipients in hfr-mediated conjugation. it was found that the homologous recombination systems of both phages could promote recombination in a recb recc mutant host. in addition, the abc function of p22, but not the gam function of lambda, was found to inhibit recombination ...	1988	2842317
initiation of lambda dna replication reconstituted with purified lambda and escherichia coli replication proteins.	using highly purified bacteriophage lambda and e. coli replication proteins, we were able to reconstitute an in vitro system capable of replication ori lambda-containing plasmid dna. the addition of a new e. coli factor, the grpe gene product, to this replication system reduced the level of dnak protein required for efficient dna synthesis by at least 10-fold, and also allowed the isolation of a stable dna replication intermediate. based on all available information, we propose a molecular mecha ...	1988	2850011
role of the escherichia coli dnak and dnaj heat shock proteins in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda dna replication.	we examined the role of two escherichia coli heat shock proteins, the dnak and dnaj gene products, during the initiation of lambda dv dna replication in vitro. using 14c-labeled lambda p protein we showed that the dnak and dnaj heat shock proteins function together to release lambda p protein from the preprimosomal complex consisting of lambda origin of replication-lambda o-lambda p-dnab protein. hydrolysis of atp, catalyzed presumably by dnak, is required during this reaction. substitution of d ...	1988	2970643
jekyll, a family of phage-plasmid shuttle vectors.	a series of shuttle vectors has been constructed, which consist of a plasmid carrying a polylinker sequence and an m13 origin integrated into a lambda vector. a short direct repeat flanking the plasmid allows plasmid excision by homologous recombination. sequences are cloned into unique restriction sites within the plasmid, and can be recovered either in phage or plasmid form, or can be packaged further as single-stranded dna phage. these vectors therefore combine the efficiency of phage lambda ...	1988	2854093
cleavage of the cii protein of phage lambda by purified hfla protease: control of the switch between lysis and lysogeny.	the activity of the cii protein of phage lambda is probably the critical controlling factor in the choice of the lytic or lysogenic pathway by an infecting virus. previous work has established that cii activity is regulated through the turnover of cii protein; the products of the hfla and hflb loci of escherichia coli are needed for a degradative reaction, and lambda ciii functions in stabilizing cii. by using the cloned hfla locus, we have purified a cii-cleaving enzyme that we term hfla. purif ...	1988	2973057
effect of antiserum against aflatoxin b1-bovine serum albumin complex on aflatoxin b1-induced lysogenesis.	escherichia coli k12 bacteria lysogenic for the lambda phage were used to study the effect of antiserum against aflatoxin b1-induced lysogenesis. the antiserum was obtained from rabbits immunized with water in oil emulsion of aflatoxin b1-bovine serum albumin complex (afb1-bsa). a marked reduction in the degree of lysogenesis was observed when the antiserum was added to the reaction medium prior to microsomal enzyme activation of aflatoxin b1. there was no detectable effect when the antiserum wa ...	1988	3140005
rapid isolation of lambda phage dna in micro- and macro-variants.		1988	2974539
mutations within the decoding site of escherichia coli 16s rrna: growth rate impairment, lethality and intragenic suppression.	several c----u transitions and small deletions were introduced into the conserved region centered on base c1400 in escherichia coli 16s rrna by in vitro mutagenesis. the mutations were placed within rrnb operons on multicopy plasmids under the transcriptional regulation of either the normal rrnb p1p2 promoters or the temperature-inducible pl promoter from bacteriophage lambda and introduced into e. coli hosts. when expressed from the p1p2 promoters, several of the mutant 16s rrnas impaired cell ...	1988	3047677
aspects of the regulation of adenylate cyclase synthesis in escherichia coli k12.	in escherichia coli k12 expression of the adenylate cyclase gene is subject to multiple controls. in order to gain understanding of the regulation of adenylate cyclase synthesis, operon and protein fusions were constructed by in vitro recombination either into bacteriophage lambda or low-copy-number plasmids, or directly on the chromosome at the cya locus. the fusions were used in physiological experiments as probes to study transcriptional and translational controls of cya expression. it was fo ...	1988	3049935
cloning and expression of the camp factor of group b streptococci in escherichia coli.	the genetic determinant of the camp factor from a strain of group b streptococcus (gbs; streptococcus agalactiae) was cloned in escherichia coli. total cell dna from the gbs strain r268 was used to construct a gene bank with bacteriophage lambda embl4 in the e. coli k-12 strain le392. recombinant phage plaques were detected by immunoblots by using a specific antiserum raised against purified camp factor. two hybrid phages showing expression of camp factor were identified. subcloning the camp gen ...	1988	3294187
coliphage lambda to terminator lowers the stability of messenger rna in escherichia coli hosts.	the effects of the transcription terminators to and tfd on the overall high-level expression of a human interferon-beta gene (ifn-beta) in escherichia coli hosts were compared. deletion mapping shows that mrna lability is caused by sequences at or near the lambda terminator to stem-loop structure. extensive rna secondary structure in this region indicates a potential rnase iii cleavage/binding site. in rnase iii- e. coli hosts, ifn-beta synthesis is indeed considerably enhanced. the bacteriophag ...	1988	2977353
molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the determinant for gamma-lysin, a two-component toxin of staphylococcus aureus.	the gamma-lysin determinant of staphylococcus aureus strain smith 5r has been cloned in phage lambda and plasmid vectors in escherichia coli. genetic evidence is presented which demonstrates that gamma-lysin requires the co-operative action of two polypeptides expressed by the closely linked hlga and hlgb genes. recombinants expressed haemolytic activity in agarose medium but not in agar, a known property of gamma-lysin. haemolysis was inhibited by antiserum raised against the 32 kda component o ...	1988	3075655
mutant trp repressors with new dna-binding specificities.	oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the codons for glutamine-68 (gln68), lysine-72 (lys72), isoleucine-79 (ile79), alanine-80 (ala80), and threonine-81 (thr81) of the escherichia coli trpr (tryptophan aporepressor) gene was used to make mutant repressors with each of 36 different amino acid changes. mutant repressors were tested for binding to each member of a set of 28 different operators closely related to the consensus trp operator. of the 36 mutant repressors, 11 bind a subset of the 28 ...	1988	3140377
salmonella typhimurium lt2 metf operator mutations.	using an escherichia coli lac deletion strain lysogenized with lambda phage carrying a metf-lacz gene fusion (lambda flac), in which beta-galactosidase levels are dependent on metf gene expression, cis-acting mutations were isolated that affect regulation of the salmonella typhimurium metf gene. the mutations were located in a region previously defined as the metf operator by its similarity to the e. coli metf operator sequence. regulation of the metf gene was examined by measuring beta-galactos ...	1988	3147373
changes in dna base sequence induced by gamma-ray mutagenesis of lambda phage and prophage.	mutations in the ci (repressor) gene were induced by gamma-ray irradiation of lambda phage and of prophage, and 121 mutations were sequenced. two-thirds of the mutations in irradiated phage assayed in reca host cells (no induction of the sos response) were g:c to a:t transitions; it is hypothesized that these may arise during dna replication from adenine mispairing with a cytosine product deaminated by irradiation. for irradiated phage assayed in host cells in which the sos response had been ind ...	1988	2966755
n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced resistance to ionizing radiation.	n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) pretreatments increase the resistance of escherichia coli to gamma-radiation. the increased resistance is dependent on functional pola, reca, recb, recc, and lexa genes and is partly dependent on recn. the mnng-induced resistance is additive to resistance induced by pretreatment with gamma-radiation but not by increases induced by hydrogen peroxide. the mnng-induced resistance occurs in adaptive response mutants and at pretreatment levels of mnng that ...	1987	3295481
regulation of dnab function in dna replication in escherichia coli by dnac and lambda p gene products.	the dnab protein of escherichia coli, a multifunctional dna-dependent ribonucleotide triphosphatase and datpase, cross-links to atp on ultraviolet irradiation under conditions that support rntpase and datpase activities of dnab protein. the covalent cross-linking to atp is specifically inhibited by ribonucleotides and datp. tryptic peptide mapping demonstrates that atp cross-links to only the 33-kda tryptic fragment (fragment ii) of dnab protein. the presence of single-stranded dna alters the co ...	1987	3034907
extracellular production of cloned alpha-amylase by escherichia coli.	overexpression of bacillus stearothermophilus gene coding for thermostable alpha-amylase in escherichia coli was shown to cause outer-membrane damage leading to extracellular location of periplasmic proteins. prolonged high expression of the alpha-amylase gene under laczpo control eventually also lysed cells. surprisingly, expression controlled by the pl promoter of phage lambda allowed specific release of periplasmic proteins into the growth medium without total cell lysis. accumulation of alph ...	1987	3327755
cloning structural genes for treponema pallidum immunogens and characterisation of recombinant treponemal surface protein, p2 (p2 star).	a genomic library consisting of partially digested 10 to 20 kilobase pair fragments of treponema pallidum deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was constructed using bacteriophage lambda embl-3 as the vector. positive clones expressing t pallidum antigens were detected with sera from experimentally infected rabbits. treponemal proteins ranging in molecular weight from 37,000 daltons to 120,000 daltons were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of phage ...	1987	3315959
cloning and purification of a unique lysozyme produced by bacillus phage phi 29.	a dna fragment of the bacteriophage phi 29 chromosome, encoding the entire sequence of phi 29 gene 15, has been cloned into the escherichia coli expression vector pplc245 under the control of the phage lambda major leftward promoter, pl. upon heat induction, a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 26 kda was overproduced. the molecular mass of this protein corresponds to the 28 kda predicted for the product of gene 15 from its nucleotide sequence. the overproduced protein has been purified ...	1987	3469652
regulation of the aroh operon of escherichia coli by the tryptophan repressor.	regulation of expression of aroh, the structural gene for the tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonic acid-7-phosphate synthetase, by the tryptophan repressor and its corepressor, l-tryptophan, was studied in vivo by using aroh-lacz fusions. protein and operon fusions were constructed on multicopy plasmids and subsequently crossed in single copy to the bacterial chromosome via the specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda rz5. analysis of the resulting lysogens demonstrated that ar ...	1987	3106331
sequence determination and comparison of the exfoliative toxin a and toxin b genes from staphylococcus aureus.	the dna encoding the exfoliative toxin a gene (eta) of staphylococcus aureus was cloned into bacteriophage lambda gt11 and subsequently into plasmid pli50 on a 1,391-base-pair dna fragment of the chromosome. exfoliative toxin a is expressed in the escherichia coli genetic background, is similar in length to the toxin purified from culture medium, and is biologically active in an animal assay. the nucleotide sequence of the dna fragment containing the gene was determined. the protein deduced from ...	1987	3040666
identification of polypeptides encoded by an escherichia coli locus (hfla) that governs the lysis-lysogeny decision of bacteriophage lambda.	we report the cloning of the escherichia coli hfla locus, which governs stability of phage lambda cii protein and which has been proposed to encode or regulate a cii-specific protease. the hfla locus was cloned on an 18-kilobase dna fragment by selecting for plasmids that carry the neighboring pura gene. the boundaries of hfla were delimited by analysis of deletions and insertions constructed in vitro and by use of transposon tn1000. maxicell analysis of the proteins encoded by the hfla-containi ...	1987	3040675
control of cloned gene expression by promoter inversion in vivo: construction of improved vectors with a multiple cloning site and the ptac promoter.	we have constructed three gene-expression plasmids which contain (an) invertible promoter(s) and a multiple cloning site. we used either the plac promoter or the ptac-plac tandem promoters, the latter directing a more than fourfold increase in expression of the galk reporter gene in escherichia coli host. all these plasmids were derived from the pnh7a expression plasmid of podhajska et al. [gene 40 (1985) 163-168]. like pnh7a, these vectors have three novel properties: (i) in the 'off phase', th ...	1987	2960590
in vivo dna cloning with a mini-mu replicon cosmid and a helper lambda phage.	a mini-mu bacteriophage, containing the cohesive-end packaging site (cos) from a lambda-phi 80 hybrid phage, a high-copy-number plasmid replicon, and a kanamycin-resistance gene for independent selection, was constructed to clone genes in vivo. this mini-mu element can be derepressed to transpose at a high frequency. dna segments that become flanked by copies of this mini-mu element in the same orientation can be packaged by a helper lambda phage. the resulting lambda lysate can be used to infec ...	1987	2954879
large palindromes in the lambda phage genome are preserved in a rec+ host by inhibiting lambda dna replication.	a large palindrome carried by phage lambda has been shown to prevent growth of the phage on a rec+ strain of escherichia coli. the phage do form plaques on recbc sbcb strains, but the palindrome is not stable--deletions that either destroy the palindrome or diminish its size overgrow the original engineered palindrome-containing phage. we have prepared stocks of lambda carrying a palindrome that is 2 x 4200 base pairs long. these phage stocks are produced by induction of a lysogen in which the t ...	1987	2951734
mutations that improve the pre promoter of coliphage lambda.	the dya5 mutation, a c----t change at position -43 of the lambda pre promoter, results in a twofold increase in pre activity in vivo. smaller increases in pre activity are found for the dya2 mutation, a t----c change at position -1 of pre, and the dya3 mutation, an a----g change at +5 of pre. the mutant pre promoters retain complete dependence on cii protein for activity. these observations argue, at least for pre-like promoters, that promoter activities are influenced by nucleotide sequences at ...	1987	2953648
role of homology in site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda: evidence against joining of cohesive ends.	bacteriophage lambda integration and excision take place at specific loci called attachment sites. earlier work has shown that efficient recombination requires the identical sequence to be present in both attachment sites throughout the seven-base-pair region between the points of strand exchange. a plausible model for the role of homology postulates that int, the site-specific recombinase, makes double-strand breaks at attachment sites such that each broken end has a short single-strand protrus ...	1987	2954163
new mutations in the prm promoter of bacteriophage lambda.	a prm-ci-lacz fusion inserted into the b2 region of bacteriophage lambda imm21 was used to isolate mutations in the lambda prm promoter. among the mutations causing defects in synthesis of both repressor (ci gene product) and beta-galactosidase, new promoter mutations were identified at positions -11 and -32 relative to the ci transcription start point. both mutations are changes in conserved (consensus) nucleotides in prm, but the mutation at -11, which alters a more highly conserved nucleotide ...	1987	2958391
deletion analysis of the dna sequence required for the in vitro initiation of replication of bacteriophage lambda.	supercoiled dna containing the replication origin of bacteriophage lambda can be replicated in vitro. this reaction requires purified lambda o and p replication proteins and a partially purified mixture of escherichia coli proteins (tsurimoto, t., and matsubara, k. (1982) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 79, 7639-7643; wold, m. s., mallory, j.b., roberts, j. d., lebowitz, j. h., and mcmacken, r. (1982) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 79, 6176-6180). the lambda origin region has four repeats of a 19-b ...	1987	2958451
[phenomenon of restriction alleviation in escherichia coli strains].	the alleviation of foreign dna restriction after treatment of cells by uv and gamma-rays or ocr+-gene product of t3, t7 phages has been studied. both uv and gamma-radiation were shown to induce in restriction alleviation of unmodified phage. the results of restriction alleviation caused by t3 and t7 ocr+-gene products have been evaluated by f-lac+ transfer efficiencies in heterologic crosses and plating of unmodified phage lambda. the phenomenon of restriction alleviation was established to depe ...	1987	2963212
inhibition of streptomycin-dependent mutation in escherichia coli on the lytic growth of bacteriophage lambda.	spontaneous streptomycin-dependent mutants (strda) were isolated from escherichia coli c600. on c600 strd, the lytic growth of phage lambda nam and lambda ci857 was inhibited. after e. coli lysogenic strain 1.1485 (lambda ci857) mutated to strda, induction of lambda was decreased greatly. on strda of e. coli strains c600 and 1.1485 (lambda ci857), the plating efficiencies and burst sizes of phage t4 and t7 remained normal. since strda is a mutation in the structural gene for ribosomal protein s1 ...	1987	2960017
isolation of escherichia coli rpob mutants resistant to killing by lambda cii protein and altered in pyre gene attenuation.	escherichia coli mutants simultaneously resistant to rifampin and to the lethal effects of bacteriophage lambda cii protein were isolated. the sck mutant strains carry alterations in rpob that allow them to survive cii killing (thus the name sck), but that do not impair either the expression of cii or the activation by cii of the lambda promoters pe and pi. the sck-1, sck-2, and sck-3 mutations modify transcription termination. the growth of lambda, but not of the n-independent lambda variant, l ...	1987	2959654
mismatch repair of deaminated 5-methyl-cytosine.	deamination of 5-methyl-cytosine in double-stranded dna produces a g-t mismatch. heteroduplexes of bacteriophage lambda dna containing a g-t mismatch at the site of a g-5-mec base-pair in one of the parental phages were constructed and used to transfect escherichia coli cells. genetic analysis of the progeny phages derived from such heteroduplexes suggests that, in e. coli, mismatches resulting from the deamination of 5-methyl-cytosine are repaired by a system requiring the e. coli dcm methylase ...	1987	2956428
[reduced restriction of phage lambda in escherichia coli k-12 cells after gamma-irradiation].	in gamma-irradiated cells of escherichia coli k-12 restriction alleviation of an unmodified phage lambda is only observed in ab1157 strain. no restriction alleviation by gamma-rays is registered in ab1157 mutants (rec a and ssb-1).	1987	2957724
molecular cloning of treponema pallidum outer envelope fibronectin binding proteins, p1 and p2.	phages directing the synthesis of treponema pallidum fibronectin binding adhesin proteins, p1 and p2, were isolated from an embl-3 bacteriophage lambda library of t pallidum deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). the recombinant phages were identified using antisera generated to treponemal proteins purified in fibronectin-sepharose. recombinant p1 and p2 proteins possessed the same relative molecular weights as the native surface polypeptides of spirochaetes. the structural genes for these proteins were s ...	1987	2962928
sequence of amino acids in lamb responsible for spontaneous ejection of bacteriophage lambda dna.	the dna sequence of the promoter-distal half of lamb from shigella sonnei 3070 has been determined and compared with the known sequence for the escherichia coli k12 gene. the only predicted amino acid changes in this region of lamb, the receptor protein for bacteriophage lambda, lie between positions 381 and 390, where seven of the ten amino acids are altered. evidence is presented that indicates that this region is responsible for the ability of the s. sonnei receptor, but not the e. coli recep ...	1987	2958635
construction of a dna-polymerase i overproducing plasmid and isolation of the enzyme.	the pola gene of escherichia coli coding for dna polymerase i was cloned under the control of bacteriophage lambda promoter pl and gene n in a high copy number plasmid vector. the chromosomally located lambda cits repressor gene kept the synthesis of the pola gene product at 28 degrees c at a low level. raising the temperature to 43 degrees c resulted in inactivation of the repressor and overproduction of dna polymerase i, which could easily be purified to homogeneity.	1987	2955618
structure of cryptic lambda prophages.	when escherichia coli cells lysogenic for bacteriophage lambda are induced with ultraviolet light, cells carrying cryptic lambda prophages are occasionally found among the apparently cured survivors. the lambda variant crypticogen (lambda crg) carries an insertion of the transposable element is2, which increases the frequency of cryptic lysogens to about 50% of cured cells: 43 of these cryptic prophages have been characterized. they all contain substitutions that replace the early segment of the ...	1987	2828640
a system for in vivo selection of genomic rearrangements with predetermined endpoints in escherichia coli using modified tn10 transposons.	using recombinant dna techniques, the tn10-specific teta gene (coding for tetracycline resistance) has been mutagenized by insertion of a streptomycin-resistance or a kanamycin-resistance gene. the insertions occurred at loci separated by 920 bp. the mutated teta fragments, respectively designated as tes (for tetracycline-streptomycin) and tek (for tetracycline-kanamycin), were subsequently cloned into a phage lambda ciii+cits857cii+ in replacement of the att lambda region. the two recombinant p ...	1987	2824289
transposition of tn1000: in vivo properties.	transposition mediated by the tn1000 transposase was investigated by using transposon variants carrying synthetic or wild-type termini but no intact tn1000 genes. transposon tn1001, whose only homologies to tn1000 are in its 38-base-pair terminal inverted repeats, transposed at the same rate as tn1005, an artificial construct carrying wild-type tn1000 termini and approximately 1 kilobase of flanking tn1000 dna at each end, when transposase was supplied in trans. the majority of the transposition ...	1987	2824438
a rapid and improved method for generating cdna libraries in plasmid and phage lambda vectors.	we have developed a fast and efficient procedure for generating cdna libraries in plasmid or phage lambda vectors. we used mo-mulv reverse transcriptase to synthesize the first strand and directly added escherichia coli dna polymerase i with rnase h to synthesize the second strand. a special advantage of our procedure is the use of oligodeoxynucleotide adapters to insert the cdna into the vector, avoiding the use of methylating enzymes and subsequent digestion with massive amounts of restriction ...	1987	2445632
overproduction of an antisense rna containing the oop rna sequence of bacteriophage lambda induces clear plaque formation.	we have constructed an iptg-inducible plasmid which overexpresses oop rna sequences in escherichia coli. infection of these transformed e. coli cells (sb221/poop5) with lambda+ phage produced clear plaques, whereas lambda+ infection of cells transformed with the plasmid vector (sb221/pjdc406) or the plasmid expressing the oop rna transcript in the other orientation (sb221/poop9) gave rise to turbid plaques characteristic of lambda+. calculations of the percentage of infected cells forming lysoge ...	1987	2448589
chi-stimulated patches are heteroduplex, with recombinant information on the phage lambda r chain.	generalized recombination in escherichia coli is elevated near chi sites. in vitro, recbcd enzyme can nick chi a few nucleotides 3' of the terminal gg of the chi sequence (5'-gctggtgg). the simplest model in which this nick at chi participates in chi function predicts that in phage lambda, chi-stimulated recombinants not crossed-over for flanking markers (patches) should be heteroduplex, with recombinant information on the lambda i chain. i report here that patches are heteroduplex, but that rec ...	1987	2949853
promoter recognition by escherichia coli rna polymerase. effects of substitutions in the spacer dna separating the -10 and -35 regions.	a family of variants of the prm promoter of lambda phage was constructed, bearing nine base pair substitutions in a stretch of the spacer dna separating the contacted -10 and -35 regions. the substituted sequences were chosen for their potential to adopt structures different from those of average b-form dna and thus to affect the interaction of rna polymerase with the two contacted regions. characterization of the promoters in vitro and in vivo provides additional support for the lack of specifi ...	1986	2942546
relationship between cellular reca protein concentration and untargeted mutagenesis in escherichia coli.	we measured the production of untargeted mutations in the ci and cii genes of untreated lambda phage undergoing a lytic cycle in uv-irradiated bacterial hosts. as previously shown, treatment with 4 micrograms/ml of rifampicin during post-irradiation incubation inhibited amplification of the reca protein in these cells. in addition, we observed a decreased mutation rate compared to the untreated, irradiated bacteria. treatment with 4 micrograms/ml or 8 micrograms/ml rifampicin did not prevent the ...	1986	2938000
the homologous recombination system of phage lambda. pairing activities of beta protein.	the red genes of phage lambda specify two proteins, exonuclease and beta protein, which are essential for its general genetic recombination in reca- cells. these proteins seem to occur in vivo as an equimolar complex. in addition, beta protein forms a complex with another polypeptide, probably of phage origin, of mr 70,000. the 70-kda protein appears to be neither a precursor nor an aggregated form of either exonuclease or beta protein, since antibodies directed against the latter two proteins f ...	1986	2940241
plasmid expression vector using the lambda late promoter.	a plasmid expression vector called pqte1 based on the late promoter, pr', and positive control gene q of bacteriophage lambda has been constructed. this vector has unique cloning sites for placing exogenous dna under control of pr'. induction of expression of genes cloned into the pqte1 plasmid leads to massive overproduction of the gene products. also, transcription from the pr' promoter on pqte1 appears to be insensitive to polarity effects.	1986	2940611
the rna component of the bacillus subtilis rnase p. sequence, activity, and partial secondary structure.	the gene defining the catalytic rna component of rnase p in bacillus subtilis 168 was cloned into bacteriophage lambda and plasmid vectors. the nucleotide sequence of the gene and its surroundings was determined from the cloned dna and by directly sequencing or reverse transcribing the rnase p rna. the b. subtilis rnase p rna sequence (400-401 nucleotides) is remarkably different from that of escherichia coli (377 nucleotides) (reed, r. e., baer, m. f., guerrier-takada, c., donis-keller, h., and ...	1986	2423526
spontaneous lambda or mutations suppress inhibition of bacteriophage growth by nonimmune exclusion phenotype of defective lambda prophage.	survivor clones with defects in gene functions that participate in the replicative killing of thermally induced escherichia coli constructs with integrated lambda n through p or ciii through p gene fragments were selected at a frequency of about 10(-6). among the population of survivors, clones were identified that exhibited normal lambda immunity at 30 degrees c, as shown by their ability to prevent the plating of lambda wild type and to support the plating of a nearly identical heteroimmune ba ...	1986	2939262
activity of chi recombinational hotspots in salmonella typhimurium.	chi sites have previously been shown to stimulate homologous recombination by the escherichia coli recbc pathway. to test the activity of chi in another organism, bacteriophage lambda crosses were carried out in salmonella typhimurium strains bearing the e. coli lambda receptor protein. chi is active in these crosses in s. typhimurium, but is less active than in the same crosses carried out in e. coli. the lower chi activity in s. typhimurium appears to be intrinsic to the s. typhimurium recbc e ...	1986	2937685
structures of mismatched base pairs in dna and their recognition by the escherichia coli mismatch repair system.	the escherichia coli mismatch repair system does not recognize and/or repair all mismatched base pairs with equal efficiency: whereas transition mismatches (g x t and a x c) are well repaired, the repair of some transversion mismatches (e.g. a x g or c x t) appears to depend on their position in heteroduplex dna of phage lambda. undecamers were synthesized and annealed to form heteroduplexes with a single base-pair mismatch in the centre and with the five base pairs flanking each side correspond ...	1986	2951250
mutational analysis of integrase arm-type binding sites of bacteriophage lambda. integration and excision involve distinct interactions of integrase with arm-type sites.	integrative recombination between specific attachment (att) regions of the bacteriophage lambda genome (attp) and the escherichia coli genome (attb) results in a prophage flanked by the hybrid recombinant sites attl and attr. each att site contains sequences to which proteins involved in recombination bind. using site-directed mutagenesis, we have constructed a related set of point mutations within each of the five int "arm-type" binding sites located within attp, attl and attr. footprint analys ...	1986	2951525
genetic selection of lambda phage clones from a gene clonotheque.	a genetic procedure for selection of specific lambda clones, by homologous recombination between lambda clones from a gene clonotheque and sequences cloned into a plasmid, was developed. resulting clones are isolated in transduction experiments by plating infected escherichia coli cells under conditions selecting for the antibiotic resistance marker carried by the plasmid. the feasibility of the method was demonstrated in a model test system as well as by isolation of alpha-interferon-specific s ...	1986	3016484
[plasmid vector for gene expression containing the temperature-dependent promoter of phage lambda p'r dna].		1986	3026761
selective inhibition of escherichia coli recbc activities by plasmid-encoded gams function of phage lambda.	the gam locus of bacteriophage lambda encompasses two coding sequences with the same reading frame and translational stop, one corresponding to an mr 11646 polypeptide (gams gene), the other to an mr 16349 polypeptide (gaml gene). a dna segment encoding gams but not gaml was placed under lambda pr promoter control (regulated by the cits857-coded repressor) on a multicopy plasmid, and an insertion mutation (gams201) was constructed. expression of gams+, but not gams201, inhibited escherichia coli ...	1986	2943636
an improved method for the isolation of high yields of bacteriophage lambda dna.		1986	2947045
wavelength dependence for the induction of bacteriophage lambda by antitumor agent gilvocarcin v.		1986	2949330
expression of the bacteriophage t4 denv structural gene in escherichia coli.	the expression of the t4 denv gene, which previously had been cloned in plasmid constructs downstream of the bacteriophage lambda hybrid promoter-operator olpr, was analyzed under a variety of growth parameters. expression of the denv gene product, endonuclease v, was confirmed in dna repair-deficient escherichia coli (uvra reca) by western blot analyses and by enhancements of resistance to uv irradiation.	1986	3536845
construction of plasmid vectors for the detection of streptococcal promoters.	plasmid vectors have been constructed for detecting dna fragments that exhibit promoter activity in streptococcus sanguis. the plasmids are able to replicate in both s. sanguis and escherichia coli, and contain an erythromycin resistance marker which is expressed in both hosts. selection for promoter activity is dependent upon the insertion of appropriate dna fragments upstream from a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene (cat) from staphylococcus aureus. to facilitate this insert ...	1986	3536665
the fos gene product undergoes extensive post-translational modification in eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic cells.	to investigate the properties of the fos oncogene, we have constructed bacterial and yeast vectors which express the entire fos-coded protein (fos) and two c-terminal deletion products. in escherichia coli, fos proteins were expressed from the phage lambda pl promotor under the control of the temperature-sensitive lambda repressor. in vitro transcription/translation studies indicate that these vectors produce fos proteins of the expected sizes. however, in vivo, fos protein accumulation is obser ...	1986	3019839
cloning and expression of bradyrhizobium japonicum uptake hydrogenase structural genes in escherichia coli.	to identify the structural genes for the components of bradyrhizobium japonicum uptake hydrogenase (mr 60,000 and 30,000), we have expressed these genes in escherichia coli and shown that the products cross-react with antibodies to the respective hydrogenase subunits. we constructed subclones of overlapping dna fragments from an uptake hydrogenase-complementing cosmid, phu52 [lambert, g. r., cantrell, m. a., hanus, f. j., russell, s. a., haddad, k. r. & evans, h. j. (1985) proc. natl. acad. sci. ...	1986	3532119
cloning of micrococcus luteus 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase genes in escherichia coli.	the 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase (m3adg) excises 3-methyladenine (m3a) residues formed in dna after treatment with alkylating agents. in escherichia coli, the repair of this type of damage depends on the products of the genes taga and/or alka, which code for m3adg i (20 kda) and ii (30 kda), respectively. the taga- and alka--single mutants are sensitive to alkylating agents, the double mutant much more so. we have cloned two genes of micrococcus luteus that can partly substitute the function ...	1986	3019831
enhancement of transcriptional activity of the escherichia coli trp promoter by upstream a + t-rich regions.	the escherichia coli trp promoter has two a + t-rich blocks in the upstream region. the deletion of the segments containing these blocks resulted in a decrease in promoter strength. by replacing the upstream region of trp promoter with one or two large a + t-rich blocks of the major leftward lambda promoter (pl), modified trp promoters (designated let) were constructed, and the transcriptional activities of these promoters towards the expression of the human interferon-gamma gene were measured. ...	1986	3533725
the nucleotide sequence of the escherichia coli k12 dnaj+ gene. a gene that encodes a heat shock protein.	the escherichia coli dnaj gene product is required for bacteriophage lambda dna replication at all temperatures. it is also essential for bacterial viability in at least some conditions, since mutations in it result in temperature-sensitive bacterial growth. we have previously cloned the dnaj gene and shown that its product migrates as a mr 37,000 polypeptide under denaturing conditions. here we present the primary dna sequence of the dnaj gene. it codes for a processed basic protein (63 basic a ...	1986	3003085
the production of generalized transducing phage by bacteriophage lambda.	generalized transduction has for about 30 years been a major tool in the genetic manipulation of bacterial chromosomes. however, throughout that time little progress has been made in understanding how generalized transducing particles are produced. the experiments presented in this paper use phage lambda to assess some of the factors that affect that process. the results of those experiments indicate: the production of generalized transducing particles by bacteriophage lambda is inhibited by the ...	1986	3034738
plasmids supplying the q-qut-controlled gam function permit growth of lambda red- gam- (fec-) bacteriophages on reca- hosts.	a plasmid, pgam, has been constructed which expresses the phage lambda gene, gam, under the control of the lambda late promoter, p'r, contained in a form of a p'r-qut-t'r1 module. lambda red- gam-, which normally do not grow on reca- hosts, are able to grow on reca- hosts containing pgam, because their q function can turn on the gam gene expression. this facilitates cloning with lambda red- gam- vectors in reca- hosts.	1985	3005123
plasmid vectors designed for the analysis of transcription termination signals.	we have constructed synthetic operons in which two genes (cat and lacz or cat and galk) were placed in tandem under the control of the bacteriophage lambda olpl operator and promoter. restriction sites were introduced between the promoter and the proximal cat gene or between the cat and lacz or galk genes. in the latter case, introduction of a transcriptional terminator between the two structural genes should affect only the distal gene. thus, following induction, the expression of the cat gene ...	1985	2998929
f'-coded, temperature-sensitive lambda ci857 repressor gene for easy construction and regulation of lambda promoter-dependent expression systems.	we describe the construction and properties of an f' factor which carries the temperature-sensitive ci857 allele of the repressor gene of coliphage lambda and which lacks the lambda cro function. this episome can easily be transferred to any f- and f' escherichia coli strain, thus facilitating the construction and regulation of lambda promoter-dependent expression systems without the use of defective prophages.	1985	2999084
site-directed cleavage of immunoglobulin gene segments by lymphoid cell extracts.	to study the enzyme(s) involved in the site-specific recombination of immunoglobulin (ig) gene segments, we designed an assay to detect v-j joining in vitro. the dna from a hybrid phage (lambda vjck) containing the vk41 gene segment separated by a 6-kilobase spacer region from the entire j-ck sequence was incubated with lymphoid cell extracts and packaged in vitro. phages carrying genomic deletions were selected by screening for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid resistance. although no site-specif ...	1985	3000549
[deletion of late genes of the prophage lambda].	the deletions in tandem prophage lambda appear with high frequency (to 10%) in rec a- strain of escherichia coli. the deletions were shown by marker rescue and hybridization of fragments of dna on nitrocellulose filters with nick-translated phage lambda dna localized only in prophage area. right and left att sites are not involved. the majority of defective lysogens had all regulatory regions and deletions of late structural genes. these strains may be used for construction of the host-vector sy ...	1985	3001508
the phi 80 and p22 attachment sites. primary structure and interaction with escherichia coli integration host factor.	although the lambdoid bacteriophage phi 80 and p22 possess site-specific recombination systems analogous to bacteriophage lambda, they have different attachment (att) site specificities. we have identified and determined the nucleotide sequences of the att sites of phi 80 and p22 and have examined the interaction of these sites with purified escherichia coli integration host factor (ihf). the sizes of the homologous core regions of the att sites vary greatly: p22 has a 46-base pair core, while p ...	1985	2984205
phasmid vectors for identification of genes by complementation of escherichia coli mutants.	a bacteriophage lambda cloning vector was designed to facilitate the isolation of genes from procaryotic organisms by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. this vector, lambda se4, was constructed by attaching a very-low-copy-number replication system (from the plasmid nr1) and a spectinomycin resistance gene to the left arm of lambda 1059 (karn et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 77:5172-5176, 1980). this phasmid cloning vector is capable of growing lytically as a phage in a nonimmune ...	1985	2985547
evidence that the outer membrane protein gene nmpc of escherichia coli k-12 lies within the defective qsr' prophage.	recombinants between phage lambda and the defective qsr' prophage of escherichia coli k-12 were made in an nmpc (p+) mutant strain and in the nmpc+ parent. the outer membrane of strains lysogenic for recombinant qsr' phage derived from the nmpc (p+) strain contained a new protein identical in electrophoretic mobility to the nmpc porin and to the lc porin encoded by phage pa-2. lysogens of qsr' recombinants from the nmpc+ strain and lysogens of lambda p4, which carries the qsr' region, did not pr ...	1985	2984173
gene fusions to the ptsm/pel locus of escherichia coli.	we have constructed gene fusions between ptsm/pel and lacz. these fusions affect both phenotypes assigned to the ptsm/pel locus (at 40 min), namely, no growth on mannose or glucosamine and inhibition of the penetration of bacteriophage lambda dna, as well as that of other lambdoid phages such as hy-2. since the lacz gene fusions are insertion mutations that abolish target gene function by disrupting the linear contiguity of the gene, it would appear that ptsm and pel are either the same gene or ...	1985	3162078
involvement of the htpr gene product of escherichia coli in phage lambda development.	growth of phage lambda at high temperature requires a functional htpr host gene. the stages of the phage growth cycle shown to be dependent on htpr gene function include prophage excision and particle morphogenesis. two types of morphogenetic abnormalities have been detected. one is a defect in phage tail assembly that results from a deficiency in tail fibers even though gpj is produced. the severity of this defect is phage-strain specific. the second morphogenetic defect is less clearly defined ...	1985	3156447
a phi 80 function inhibitory for growth of lambdoid phage in him mutants of escherichia coli deficient in integration host factor. ii. physiological analysis of the abortive infection.	derivatives of phage lambda with the rightmost 3% of the genome (the qsr region) from the related phage phi 80 fail to grow at low temperatures (e.g., 32 degrees) in escherichia coli hosts deficient in either protein component of ihf (integration host factor), the products of the hima and hip/himd genes. the abortive infection of lambda (qsr)80 in mutants defective for ihf was studied in detail. this infection is characterized by a lack of cell lysis and an inhibition of phage dna replication af ...	1985	3155886
cloning and genetic analysis of serotype 5 m protein determinant of group a streptococci: evidence for multiple copies of the m5 determinant in the streptococcus pyogenes genome.	a gene bank of group a streptococcus strain manfredo (m protein serotype 5) was constructed with a bacteriophage lambda vector-escherichia coli k-12 host system and screened by immunoblotting hybrid phage plaques with antisera raised to purified pep m5 (serotype 5 m protein fragment released from the streptococcal cell surface by pepsin). hybrid phage expressing m5 antigen (lambda m5) were detected in the gene bank at an unexpectedly high frequency. the cloned streptococcal dna sequences from on ...	1985	3884510
overproduction of staphylokinase in escherichia coli and its characterization.	a recombinant plasmid which directs the overproduction in escherichia coli of staphylokinase from staphylococcus aureus has been constructed by placing the staphylokinase gene, sak, under the control of bacteriophage lambda pr promoter in the plasmid. when an e. coli strain having the plasmid was induced, the staphylokinase activity in the periplasmic fraction increased about 60-fold and the 15.5-kda protein corresponding to the mature form reached about 25% of the periplasmic proteins. at the s ...	1985	3891339
repressor for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate regulon of escherichia coli k-12: cloning of the glpr gene and identification of its product.	the glpr gene encoding the repressor for the glp regulon of escherichia coli was cloned from a library of hindiii dna fragments established in bacteriophage lambda. phages harboring glpr were isolated by selection for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase function encoded by glpd, which is adjacent to glpr on the e. coli linkage map. restriction endonuclease analysis and recloning of dna fragments localized glpr to a 3-kilobase-pair ecori-sali segment of dna. strains exhibiting constitutive expr ...	1985	3881401
direct selection of mutations reducing transcription or translation of the reca gene of escherichia coli with a reca-lacz protein fusion.	when a reca-lacz protein fusion was cloned into phage lambda, the resulting transducing phage grew normally on wild-type escherichia coli, but its growth was severely inhibited in lexa(def) mutant strains that express reca constitutively at high levels. mutants of the transducing phage that grew on the lexa(def) strains were isolated and were found to affect production of the reca-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein. most mutants, including a number of nonsense mutants, were phenotypically lacz-. ...	1985	3160689
efficient modification of e. coli rna polymerase in vitro by the n gene transcription antitermination protein of bacteriophage lambda.	the n gene protein of bacteriophage lambda prevents termination of transcription by e. coli rna polymerase. we describe here the conditions of a cell-free reaction system in which pure n stimulates net transcription up to tenfold and therefore nearly stoichiometrically modifies transcribing rna polymerase molecules. the reaction contains micrococcal nuclease-treated s100 extract derived from e. coli and a plasmid template dna containing the lambda early promoter pl, the n utilization site nutl, ...	1985	3158883
the dna restriction endonuclease of escherichia coli b. ii. further studies of the structure of dna intermediates and products.	the dna intermediates and final products formed by the type i restriction endonuclease, ecob, were further characterized. dna cleaved on only one strand (hemi-restricted dna) contains gaps of approximately 70-100 nucleotides, while the fully restricted products contain 3'-single-stranded tails averaging approximately 70-100 nucleotides for each strand cleaved. the gaps and tails are formed with the release of an equal number of nucleotides as small oligonucleotides that are soluble in acid. afte ...	1985	2985610
characterization of the gene encoding glutamine synthetase i (glna) from bradyrhizobium japonicum.	we have isolated the bradyrhizobium japonicum gene encoding glutamine synthetase i (glna) from a phage lambda library by using a fragment of the escherichia coli glna gene as a hybridization probe. the rhizobial glna gene has homology to the e. coli glna gene throughout the entire length of the gene and can complement an e. coli glna mutant when borne on an expression plasmid in the proper orientation to be transcribed from the e. coli lac promoter. high levels of glutamine synthetase activity c ...	1985	2859270
the role of adenylyltransferase and uridylyltransferase in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in escherichia coli.	the regulation of gs activity involves two nucleotidylation cycles, the uridylylation cycle of pii and the adenylylation cycle of gs, which are catalyzed by two converter enzymes, uridylyltransferase and adenylyltransferase, respectively. the converter enzymes sense the fluctuation in the availability of nitrogen and accordingly regulate the activity of gs. on the other hand, the posttranslational modification of gs is tightly coupled to the transcriptional regulation of the glna gene by unmodif ...	1985	2868842
nucleotide sequence of the gdh gene coding for the nadp-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the isolation of the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp-gdh) by cross hybridization to the neurospora crassa am gene, known to encode for nadp-gdh is described. two dna fragments selected from a yeast genomic library in phage lambda gt11 were shown by restriction analysis to share 2.5 kb of common sequence. a yeast shuttle vector (cv13) carrying either to the cloned fragments complements the gdh- strain of s. cerevisiae and directs substantial overprod ...	1985	2932370
effect of an umuc mutation on phage lambda induction.	a possible role of the umuc gene product in the induction of the sos responses was examined. we compared the expression of a genetic fusion, in which gene lacz, encoding beta-galactosidase in escherichia coli is under the direct control of the ci repressor from prophage lambda, in a umuc+ strain and in an otherwise isogenic umuc- mutant. we found that two times higher uv doses were required to obtain a similar induction in the umuc+ strain as in the umuc mutant. in addition we showed that, at th ...	1985	2935710
e. coli nusa protein binds in vitro to an rna sequence immediately upstream of the boxa signal of bacteriophage lambda.	the nusa protein of escherichia coli is a factor which mediates termination of transcription. in this paper, we demonstrate that the nusa protein can bind in vitro to a specific site on the mrna of bacteriophage lambda. several rnas were synthesized by in vitro transcription of truncated lambda dna templates, and the activity of nusa binding to these rnas was examined by a millipore filter-binding assay. rnas containing the sequence immediately upstream of the boxa site were trapped on the filte ...	1985	2416564
mutations in the dna gyrb gene that are temperature sensitive for lambda site-specific recombination, mu growth, and plasmid maintenance.	we report the isolation of two mutations in the gyrb gene of escherichia coli k12 obtained from an initial selection for resistance to coumermycin a1 and a subsequent screening for bacteria that fail to support site-specific recombination of phage lambda, i.e., him-. these two mutations have a temperature-sensitive him- phenotype, supporting site-specific recombination efficiently at low temperature, but inefficiently at high temperatures. like other him mutants, the gyrb-him mutants fail to pla ...	1984	6319362
cloning of the dnab gene of escherichia coli: the dnab gene of gropb534 and gropb612 and the replication of phage lambda.	fragments of the e. coli chromosome that carry the dnab gropb534 or gropb612 alleles have been cloned into a cosmid vector. the resulting recombinant plasmids contained the genes uvra, grop (b534 or b612), and lexa. further subcloning into high copy number plasmids, during which the uvra and lexa genes were removed successively, yielded a gropb534 and gropb612 dna fragment of about 2.4 kb each. both fragments contained an overlapping 1.8 kb segment of dna in which the sites of all restriction en ...	1984	6319960
[c1 and cro repressors of lambda phages. i. construction of vectors for expression of cro repressor of bacteriophage lambda imm434].	eight derivatives of recombinant plasmid pbrcro434, that consists of pbr322 and fragment of immunity region of phage lambda imm434 have been constructed and characterised. these derivatives contain the deletions in the region adjacent to or3 operator and in the structural gene of cro-repressor of lambda imm434. the deletions have been produced by the treatment of pbrcro434 with exonuclease iii of escherichia coli and s1 nuclease of aspergillus orizae and precisely mapped. the unique ecori-restri ...	1984	6323976
cloning and manipulation of the escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene: physiological aspects of enzyme overproduction.	like many other eubacteria, cultures of escherichia coli accumulate cyclopropane fatty acids (cfas) at a well-defined stage of growth, due to the action of the cytoplasmic enzyme cfa synthase. we report the isolation of the putative structural gene, cfa, for this enzyme on an e. coli-cole1 chimeric plasmid by the use of an autoradiographic colony screening technique. when introduced into a variety of e. coli strains, this plasmid, plc18-11, induced corresponding increases in cfa content and cfa ...	1984	6325391
lambda placmu: a transposable derivative of bacteriophage lambda for creating lacz protein fusions in a single step.	we isolated a plaque-forming derivative of phage lambda, lambda placmu1 , that contains sequences from bacteriophage mu enabling it to integrate into the escherichia coli chromosome by means of the mu transposition system. the mu dna carried by this phage includes both attachment sites as well as the ci, ner (cii), and a genes. lambda placmu1 also contains the lacz gene, deleted for its transcription and translation initiation signals, and the lacy gene of e. coli, positioned next to the termina ...	1984	6327627
identification of the phom gene product and its regulation in escherichia coli k-12.	plasmids containing the chromosome region of escherichia coli encoding phom, whose product is a positive regulator of alkaline phosphatase expression, were isolated from the clarke and carbon plasmid bank. a 9.9-kilobase ecori fragment of plasmid plc17-39 (subcloned into pbr322) was able to complement both phom and thrb mutations. restriction endonuclease analysis and in vitro mutagenesis of the hybird plasmids enabled the localization of the phom gene locus to 3 kilobases of the cloned chromoso ...	1984	6330029
mapping of the glucose dehydrogenase gene in bacillus subtilis.	a 4.0-kilobase dna fragment containing the developmentally regulated gene for glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) from bacillus subtilis was incorporated into the plasmid pgx345, which contains a marker conferring chloramphenicol resistance (cat). the resistance marker of the resulting integration vector was used to map the gdh gene on the b. subtilis chromosome. using pbs1 transduction, the gene order was determined to be aroi cat (gdh) mtlb dal. the cat (gdh) marker was also cotransformable with mtlb. ...	1984	6438057
[mutagenic effects of gamma-rays on plasmid dna in escherichia coli].	a purified and dried dna of plasmid pko482 (galk+) is 10 times more resistant to the inactivating action of 60co-gamma-rays than that of lambda phage. gamma-irradiation of the plasmid dna induces forward mutations of galk, the frequency of which increases linearly with the dose. the efficiency of the mutagenic action of gamma-rays on the plasmid galk locus is 10(-12) per 1 rad and per 1 base pair. the mutagenic effect of gamma-radiation but slightly depends upon bacterial reca+ gene and upon the ...	1984	6390494