Publications

escherichia coli plasmid vectors containing synthetic translational initiation sequences and ribosome binding sites fused with the lacz gene.	the construction of a series of escherichia coli plasmid vectors suitable for assaying the effects of gene control signals fused with the e. coli lacz gene is reported. a synthetic deoxyoligonucleotide dodecamer 5'-catgaattcatg gtacttaagtac-5' containing two translation initiation codons (atg) separated by an ecori site was ligated with a lacz gene derivative which lacks the codons for the first eight amino acids in plasmid pmc1403 (casadaban et al., 1980). two ribosome-binding sequences were sy ...	1982	6293930
localization of the metjblf gene cluster of escherichia coli in lambda met transducing phage.	the position of the metjblf gene cluster in the transducing phage lambda met102 was determined by ligation of its leftmost ecori fragment (102-1) to the lambda bcdef (nin5) ecori fragment of lambda gtl (lambda bc) and characterization of the resultant recombinant phage. the new transducing phage carries about 6kb of bacterial dna which contains the entire met gene cluster including the promoter of its rightmost member metf. reasonable estimates of the coding capacity required for the four genes ...	1982	6294471
probing cii and hima action at the integrase promoter pi of bacteriophage lambda.	plasmids were constructed to supply cii-coded protein for activation of the phage promoter pi. using a fusion which expresses lacz from pi. we can accurately follow activation of pi without having to assay int activity in vivo. a large excess of cii protein compared to a normal lytic infection stimulates lacz expression about 10-fold over the basal level. the int-c226 constitutive allele of pi is not further activated by cii even though its level of lacz expression is less than the maximal cii-a ...	1982	6295882
cloning of colicin e1 tolerant tolc (mtcb) gene of escherichia coli k12 and identification of its gene product.	a mutation in the tolc(mtcb) gene of escherichia coli k12 results in increased sensitivity to sodium dodecylsulfate (sds), sodium deoxycholate, basic dyes, mitomycin c, and bleomycin, and makes the cell tolerant to the killing action of colicin e1. from lysogens with lambda ci857s7 integrated at a secondary attachment site, a transducing phage (lambda dtolc+) that transduces a tolc recipient to sds resistance was isolated. a recombinant dna molecule was constructed in vitro from plasmid pbr322 a ...	1982	6219270
site-specific dna condensation and pairing mediated by the int protein of bacteriophage lambda.	the int protein of bacteriophage lambda catalyzes the site-specific integrative recombination that inserts lambda dna into the host chromosome. the attachment site region of lambda dna required for this reaction spans 230 base pairs and includes four separable binding sites for int protein. we have used the electron microscope to determine the functional consequences of the interaction of int with its multiple binding sites. we find that int condenses a 230-base pair segment of dna into a compac ...	1982	6310548
studies on the association of e. coli phage lambda dna and the host chromosome: lack of a role of membranes.		1982	6461964
a system for genetic analysis in gene lamb: first results with lambda-resistant tight mutants.	we describe a system for genetic analysis in gene lamb. it consists of a phage which allows mapping, complementation and sequencing studies of lamb mutations and of the sequence of gene lamb. we present results obtained with this system for a set of mutations conferring tight resistant to phage lambda. this leads to a first identification of three residues in the lamb protein which are important for adsorption of phage lambda h+. residues 151 and 382 are important for reversible adsorption while ...	1982	6462090
expression of pyruvate formate-lyase of escherichia coli from the cloned structural gene.	it is shown here that a plasmid (p29) derived from the transducing phage lambda aspc2 (christiansen and pedersen 1981) codes for pyruvate formate-lyase. the identity of the 80 kilodaltons (kd) gene product of plasmid p29 with the pyruvate formate-lyase polypeptide was proven (i) by co-migration of the gene product expressed in the maxicell system with purified enzyme on o'farrell gels, and (ii) by comparison of the peptide maps obtained from limited proteolysis. in vivo the 80 kd form of the enz ...	1982	6758723
identification of sequences necessary for packaging dna into lambda phage heads.	several species of dna molecules are packaged into lambda phage heads if they carry the region around the cohesive end site of lambda phage (cos lambda). the minimal functional sequence around cos lambda needed for packaging was examined by cloning in pbr322. the results showed that the minimal region contained 85 bp around cos lambda; 45 bp of the left arm of lambda phage and 40 bp of the right arm. a 75-bp region located to the right of the minimal region seems to enhance packaging. a 223-bp f ...	1982	6299893
open reading frame cloning: identification, cloning, and expression of open reading frame dna.	a plasmid was constructed that facilitates the cloning and expression of open reading frame dna. a dna fragment containing a bacterial promoter and the amino terminus of the ci gene of bacteriophage lambda was fused to an amino-terminally deleted version of the lacz gene. an appropriate cloning site was inserted between these two fragments such that a frameshift mutation was introduced upstream of the lacz-encoding dna. this cloning vehicle produces a relatively low level of beta-galactosidase a ...	1982	6815653
expression of the replication region of phage lambda dna cloned into pbr322 in e. coli minicells.	replication region of bacteriophage lambda dna was cloned into pbr322 plasmid by the use of two restriction enzymes--psti and hindiii. the restriction analysis of four obtained plasmids revealed that lambda dna was cloned in both orientations. recombinant plasmids were transferred to the minicell-producing strain of e. coli and synthesis of the plasmid-mediated proteins was analysed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. all four recombinant plasmids produced lambda dna replication proteins po a ...	1982	6218724
extensive sequence homology in the dna coding for elongation factor tu from escherichia coli and the chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast.	considerable dna sequence homology can be detected between the escherichia coli genes coding for translational components and chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast dna. labeled chloroplast dna was found to hybridize to restriction fragments of the transducing phage lambda fus3 that code for elongation factor tu. the chloroplast probe also reacts with fragments coding for ribosomal proteins carried by this phage. the region homologous to the elongation factor genes was located on the physical map ...	1982	7048316
purification and characterization of reca protein from salmonella typhimurium.	reca protein was purified to homogeneity from salmonella typhimurium ta98 strain after induction of the cells by nalidixic acid. the purification was monitored with a radioimmune assay and involved a specific elution of the protein by atp from a single-stranded dna-cellulose column. from 240 liters of cell culture we obtained 40 mg of reca protein which was more than 98% pure. this protein exhibited the same molecular weight as measured on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and the same i ...	1983	6219107
protein degradation in escherichia coli: the lon gene controls the stability of sula protein.	escherichia coli lon mutants are defective in the atp-dependent proteolysis of abnormal proteins. the mutants are also sensitive to ultraviolet light (uv) in that septation is inhibited after exposure to uv. sula mutations, isolated as suppressors of uv sensitivity unlinked to lon, do not affect proteolysis but allow septation to occur after dna damage. we have confirmed the hypothesis that the product of the sula gene is degraded by lon proteolysis. if sula (the product of sula) is a uv-inducib ...	1983	6300834
site-specific recombination by gin of bacteriophage mu: inversions and deletions.	a 3000-bp invertible segment in the dna of bacteriophage mu determines the host range of the phage. the inversion is catalyzed by the phage-coded protein gin; the recombination sites are short inverted repeats. gin protein is only made in low amounts by mu. to further investigate the gin-mediated recombination reaction a gin overproducing strain was constructed. the gin gene was cloned on a plasmid behind the pl-promotor of phage lambda. this results in a 100-fold higher inversion frequency of a ...	1983	6305017
use of lambda phasmids for deletion mapping of non-selectable markers cloned in plasmids.	a nonselectable gene carried on a poorly selectable recombinant plasmid has been physically mapped by deletion analysis. our method involved cloning the plasmid into a coliphage lambda vector and treating the recombinant phage with a chelator. virtually all particles surviving this treatment carried large deletions within the plasmid insert. further deletion analysis was done by inserting a selectable lambda sequence into one such deletion derivative and repeating the chelator selection. chelato ...	1983	6305773
construction of a plasmid that overproduces the large proteolytic fragment (klenow fragment) of dna polymerase i of escherichia coli.	using currently available gene fusion techniques, we have constructed plasmids that direct the overproduction of the carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of dna polymerase i, corresponding to the proteolytically derived "klenow fragment." we have obtained overproduction amounting to several percent of the cellular protein using constructs in which expression is directed either from the lac promoter or from the leftward promoter of phage lambda. the polymerase fragment has been purified to homogeneity fr ...	1983	6340110
stabilization of proteins by a bacteriophage t4 gene cloned in escherichia coli.	the cloned bacteriophage t4 pin gene functions to stabilize several different kinds of proteins in escherichia coli bacteria. incomplete proteins such as puromycyl polypeptides, abnormal but complete proteins such as the lambda phage tso protein, and labile eukaryotic proteins encoded by genes cloned in e. coli such as mature human fibroblast interferon are stabilized in cells in which the t4 pin gene is expressed. the cloned t4 pin gene does not seem to affect the turnover of normal e. coli pro ...	1983	6340113
expression of cloned mitochondrial dna from the petite negative yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe in e. coli minicells.	the minicell producing escherichia coli strain d24 (lysogenic for phage lambda ci857) was transformed with the recombinant plasmid pdg3 containing the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe (s. pombe) cloned in the single bamhi-site of the e. coli plasmid pbr322 (del giudice 1981). by dna-rna hybridization it could be shown that the total mtdna sequence of the plasmid pdg3 was transcribed in the e. coli minicells. the cloned mtdna also directed the synthe ...	1983	6350830
expression and regulation of protein k, an escherichia coli k1 porin, in escherichia coli k-12.	using a modified lambda phage as a vector and a procedure developed in dr. c. schnaitman's laboratory, we have cloned the structural gene for protein k from an escherichia coli k1 strain to an e coli k-12 strain. the cloned inserts consist of two hindiii fragments, 4 kb and 6.5 kb in size. the protein produced by the insert is nearly identical to "authentic" protein k when chymotryptic peptides of 125i-labeled proteins are compared. protein k was found to respond to changes in the osmolarity of ...	1983	6373798
integration of viral dna into the genome of the adenovirus type 2-transformed hamster cell line he5 without loss or alteration of cellular nucleotides.	hamster cell line he5 has been established from primary lsh hamster embryo cells by transformation with adenovirus type 2 (ad2) (1). each cell contains two to three copies of integrated ad2 dna (2, 3). we cloned and sequenced the sites of junction between viral and cellular dnas. the terminal 10 and 8 nucleotides of ad2 dna were deleted at the left and right sites of junction, respectively. the integrated viral dna had an internal deletion between map units 35 and 82 on the ad2 genome. at the in ...	1983	6316259
proteolytic processing of phage lambda tail protein gph: timing of the cleavage.	we describe a method for the rapid partial purification of intermediate structures of phage lambda tail assembly, using formaldehyde-fixed escherichia coli cells to precipitate tail-related structures. the purification depends on the specific interaction between the e. coli lambda receptor protein and lambda tail protein gpj. protein compositions of tail assembly intermediates were analyzed to determine when in the assembly sequence the minor tail protein gph is cleaved. gph joins the tail precu ...	1983	6220513
features of bacteriophage lambda: analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence.		1983	6222866
lambda mutation in the escherichia coli rho gene that inhibits the n protein activity of phage lambda.	certain escherichia coli rho mutations, exemplified by rho026, block the growth of phage lambda by interfering with phage gene expression. the phage gene n, whose product suppresses transcription termination, appears to be expressed normally in the mutants, and the functional stability of the n protein is not affected. our data suggest that these rho mutations allow transcription to terminate despite the presence of n. other e. coli mutants displaying a similar phenotype (nus(-)) fail to propaga ...	1983	6225121
gene transfer into animal cells after fusion with bacteriophage lambda-infected e coli protoplasts.		1983	6227013
escherichia coli plasmid vectors for high-level regulated expression of the bacteriophage lambda xis gene product.	the bacteriophage lambda xis protein is one of the proteins required for site-specific excisive recombination by which the lambda prophage is excised from the escherichia coli bacterial chromosome. we cloned the lambda xis gene under the control of several prokaryotic promoters to obtain a sufficient source of the protein for biochemical studies. our results demonstrate that e. coli lac promoter and lambda pl promoter fusions to the xis gene produce high levels of xis protein. induction of the e ...	1983	6229452
formation of oligomeric structures from plasmid dna carrying cos lambda that is packaged into bacteriophage lambda heads.	plasmids that carry cos lambda, the region necessary for lambda phage packaging and that are as small as four kilobases in size can be packaged into lambda phage heads in head-to-tail tandem oligomeric structures. multimeric oligomers as large as undecamers have been detected. oligomer formation depends upon the products of red and gam of lambda, and the general recombination occurs between different plasmids that share homologous dna regions. the packaging efficiency of plasmids depends on its ...	1983	6217189
plasmid vectors for the rapid isolation and transcriptional analysis of human beta-globin gene alleles.	we describe the construction and characterization of miniplasmid vectors that can be used to isolate and express normal and mutant alleles of the human beta-globin gene. these vectors, designated pi sv beta plasmids, contain a bacterial origin of replication and selectable marker, a 5'-flanking beta-globin dna fragment that can be used for recombination screening (seed, 1983), and simian virus 40 (sv40) sequences that allow accurate and efficient expression of the beta-globin gene transfected in ...	1983	6094959
cloning, nucleotide sequence and high level expression of the gene coding for the connector protein of bacillus subtilis phage phi 29.	the phi 29 dna restriction fragment hindiii-d, shown to contain gene 10 coding for the connector protein, has been cloned in plasmid pplc28 under the control of the pl promoter of phage lambda. after heat induction to inactivate the lambda repressor, a protein with the electrophoretic mobility of the connector protein p10 was synthesized, accounting for about 30% of the total escherichia coli protein after 3 h of induction. the 2205 nucleotide-long sequence of the cloned hindiii-d fragment has b ...	1984	6096227
assembly pathway of newly synthesized lamb protein an outer membrane protein of escherichia coli k-12.	the assembly of newly induced lamb protein (phage lambda receptor) was investigated in an operon fusion strain of escherichia coli, in which the lamb gene is expressed under lac promoter control. the induction kinetics both for total cellular and for cell surface-exposed lamb protein were studied by immunochemical detection methods, using two distinct antisera directed against detergent-solubilized lamb trimers and completely denatured lamb monomers, respectively. anti-trimer antibodies recogniz ...	1984	6204059
identification of transfer rna suppressors in escherichia coli. iv. amber suppressor su+6 a double mutant of a new species of leucine trna.	an escherichia coli dna fragment containing an su+6 amber suppressor gene (supp) was cloned into a lambda gt lambda ch vector by the shotgun method, selecting a su+6 transducing phage lambda psu+6. through prophage integration followed by induction occurring at the transducing region of the lambda psu+6 in su- e. coli, a counterpart transducing phage carrying the wild-type allele (su degrees 6) was isolated (lambda psu degrees 6). the fingerprint of a trna encoded by lambda psu degrees 6 was ide ...	1984	6207302
immunolabelling of bacteriophage lambda receptor protein (lamb) on thin sections of e. coli embedded in lowicryl.	lamb is one of the major cellular proteins when e. coli is grown in the presence of maltose and is localized in the outer membrane. previous immunolabellings obtained with monoclonal antibodies showed that this protein is a transmembrane protein and led to the detection of 4 epitopes exposed on the cell surface and 2 located on the inner surface of the outer membrane (scheckman et al., 1983). in the present study, we have used this biological model in order to see whether these two classes of ep ...	1984	6084531
a v-sis oncogene protein produced in bacteria competes for platelet-derived growth factor binding to its receptor.	the oncogene of simian sarcoma virus, v-sis, encodes a protein which is homologous to human platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf). this v-sis-encoded protein was expressed in bacteria using an inducible promotor of lambda phage. soluble extracts from these bacteria contained a substance which competed with 125i-pdgf for pdgf receptor sites in fibroblast membranes. the receptor competition activity was correlated with the presence of the v-sis-encoded protein as assessed by genetic and immunochem ...	1984	6088510
analysis of the escherichia coli proba locus by dna and protein sequencing.	a 2.9 kb dna fragment carrying the escherichia coli proba region, which encodes the first two enzymes of the proline biosynthetic pathway, was subcloned onto an expression plasmid carrying both the bacteriophage lambda pl promoter (lambda pl) and the lambda gene encoding a thermolabile ci repressor protein (ci857). derepression of the lambda pl promoter by thermal inactivation of the ci857 repressor protein resulted in the simultaneous overproduction of the prob (gamma-glutamyl kinase) and proa ...	1984	6089111
expression of normal and transforming h-ras genes in escherichia coli and purification of their encoded p21 proteins.	the h-ras gene of the balb murine sarcoma virus (balb-msv) was placed under the transcriptional control of the tightly regulated pl promoter of bacteriophage lambda in the expression vectors pev-vrf-1 and prc23. upon derepression of the pl promoter, large amounts (10-20% of total cellular protein) of the h-ras gene product p21 are synthesized in escherichia coli. we constructed three h-ras gene expression vectors, designated pjcl-h5, pjcl-e30, and pjcl-33. pjcl-h5 directs the synthesis of p21, a ...	1984	6089191
analysis of two potential shuttle vectors containing herpes simplex virus defective dna.	two potential shuttle vectors which contained the identical herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) defective particle dna (ddna), but prokaryotic dna of different origins, were examined for their stability when propagated in eukaryotic cells, and for their efficiency as shuttle vectors. each chimeric molecule contained a 9.5 kilobase-pair (kb) ecori fragment (hsv12-7) representing a single unit of a class i hsv-1 ddna. this ddna was cloned into the bacteriophage lambda (lambda) vector lambda gtwes ...	1984	6090565
site-specificity of abnormal excision: the mechanism of formation of a specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda plac5.	molecular mechanism of the specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda plac5 formation has been studied. phage-bacterial dna junctions in lambda plac5 dna are localized and primary structure of regions of the abnormal excisional recombination leading to the phage formation is elucidated; the crossover region proved to be comparable with the central part of attp and attb sites (the core and the adjacent tetranucleotide) in length and degree of homology. bacterial insert in lambda plac5 dna is sh ...	1984	6091038
extension of bacteriophage lambda host range: selection, cloning, and characterization of a constitutive lambda receptor gene.	a set of plasmids has been constructed that carry a constitutive lamb gene (lambc phenotype) from escherichia coli and that confer functional phage lambda receptors to bacteria other than e. coli. this e. coli lambc strain has been selected to escape both maltose-inducible and glucose-repressible control. constitutivity results from an is-3 insertion, carrying a mobile promoter, proximal to lamb. the lambc dna has been cloned into both broad and narrow host-range plasmids, and the resulting ptro ...	1984	6091132
antitermination of e. coli rrna transcription is caused by a control region segment containing lambda nut-like sequences.	we have localized the antitermination system involved in e. coli ribosomal rna transcription and compared it with antitermination in the lamboid bacteriophages. in vivo experiments with gene-fusion plasmids were used to examine the ability of specific areas of the rrng control region to convert an ordinary transcription complex into antitermination transcription complex. a 67 bp restriction fragment immediately following the rrng p2 promoter decreased transcription termination about 50%. this fr ...	1984	6091902
resolution of synthetic att-site holliday structures by the integrase protein of bacteriophage lambda.	site-specific recombination of the bacteriophage lambda genome into and out of the host bacterial genome is postulated to involve the formation of holliday structure intermediates by reciprocal single-strand exchanges. synthetic analogues of the predicted recombination intermediates are resolved in vitro by the protein product of the lambda int gene. some of the structural features and reaction conditions for this genetic recombination can now be defined.	1984	6092961
lack of induction of non-targeted mutations in intact bacteriophage by uvb (313 nm), uva (334 nm, 365 nm) and visible (405 nm) irradiation of host cells.	mutation to virulence has been measured in intact bacteriophage lambda 15 infected into host cells pre-treated with uvc (254 nm), uvb (313 nm), uva (334 nm, 365 nm) or visible (405 nm) radiations. we have confirmed that uvc radiation leads to a large enhancement (maximum enhancement factor of 140 in wild-type) of the background spontaneous mutation frequency (non-targeted mutagenesis) and have further shown that this is at least partially dependent on excision repair (maximum enhancement factor ...	1984	6229698
replication defective rp4 plasmids recovered after chromosomal integration.	phh6000 is a composite replicon made by the in vitro ligation of the incp plasmid rp4 to a fragment of bacteriophage lambda capable of autonomous replication. derivatives were selected in which it had integrated into the escherichia coli chromosome by homologous recombination with the resident lambda prophage, and plasmids were subsequently regenerated from the integrated molecules. although of the same molecular size as phh6000, all had altered properties: those recovered from the chromosome of ...	1984	6231650
facile and gentle method for quantitative lysis of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium.	garrett et al. (mol. gen. genet. 182:326-331, 1981) constructed strains of escherichia coli harboring derivatives of plasmid pbr322 that carry the lysis genes (s, r, and rz) of phage lambda. the plasmid construction placed the genes under control of the lactose operon operator-promotor (and thus of lac repressor). induction of e. coli strains carrying these plasmids resulted in rapid lysis of the culture unless the s gene was defective, in which case the cells grew normally. a freeze-thaw treatm ...	1984	6232260
an integration-proficient int mutant of bacteriophage lambda.	we have isolated and characterized a novel int mutant of phage lambda. this mutant promotes efficient recombination between the phage and bacterial attachment sites, but, unlike wild type, does not promote efficient recombination of any other pair of attachment sites tested in most conditions. in particular, recombination between two phage or two prophage attachment sites is poor relative to the wild type frequency. we attribute this unusual phenotype to differences in the distribution of int pr ...	1984	6238223
genetic analysis of clear-plaque mutations induced in bacteriophage lambda by 9-aminoacridine.	clear-plaque mutations were induced in the ci and cii genes of lambda by treating lysogenic cells with 9-aminoacridine (9aa). mapping of the mutations revealed that there were two hot spots for 9aa mutagenesis in ci, and one strong hot spot in cii. the hot spots in ci mapped close to 1 of the 3 runs of 4 g/c base-pairs and near the only run of 5 g/cs, respectively, in this gene. of 36 ci mutations tested, at most one mapped near a run of 6 a/t base-pairs. by analogy, the sequence responsible for ...	1984	6239977
mutations in the dna gyrb gene that are temperature sensitive for lambda site-specific recombination, mu growth, and plasmid maintenance.	we report the isolation of two mutations in the gyrb gene of escherichia coli k12 obtained from an initial selection for resistance to coumermycin a1 and a subsequent screening for bacteria that fail to support site-specific recombination of phage lambda, i.e., him-. these two mutations have a temperature-sensitive him- phenotype, supporting site-specific recombination efficiently at low temperature, but inefficiently at high temperatures. like other him mutants, the gyrb-him mutants fail to pla ...	1984	6319362
cloning of the dnab gene of escherichia coli: the dnab gene of gropb534 and gropb612 and the replication of phage lambda.	fragments of the e. coli chromosome that carry the dnab gropb534 or gropb612 alleles have been cloned into a cosmid vector. the resulting recombinant plasmids contained the genes uvra, grop (b534 or b612), and lexa. further subcloning into high copy number plasmids, during which the uvra and lexa genes were removed successively, yielded a gropb534 and gropb612 dna fragment of about 2.4 kb each. both fragments contained an overlapping 1.8 kb segment of dna in which the sites of all restriction en ...	1984	6319960
mrna processing in escherichia coli: an activity encoded by the host processes bacteriophage f1 mrnas.	to examine the regions of the male-specific filamentous bacteriophage f1 genome that include signals for mrna processing, the 5' endpoints of the major in vivo phage mrnas have been located in the f1 dna sequence by s1 nuclease mapping. the 5' ends of the purified mrnas and additional phage-specific rnas transiently visible early after infection occur in clusters of t-rich residues within genes that code for three phage proteins. when a 270-nucleotide region encompassing the 5' endpoints of thre ...	1984	6322124
[c1 and cro repressors of lambda phages. i. construction of vectors for expression of cro repressor of bacteriophage lambda imm434].	eight derivatives of recombinant plasmid pbrcro434, that consists of pbr322 and fragment of immunity region of phage lambda imm434 have been constructed and characterised. these derivatives contain the deletions in the region adjacent to or3 operator and in the structural gene of cro-repressor of lambda imm434. the deletions have been produced by the treatment of pbrcro434 with exonuclease iii of escherichia coli and s1 nuclease of aspergillus orizae and precisely mapped. the unique ecori-restri ...	1984	6323976
cloning and manipulation of the escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene: physiological aspects of enzyme overproduction.	like many other eubacteria, cultures of escherichia coli accumulate cyclopropane fatty acids (cfas) at a well-defined stage of growth, due to the action of the cytoplasmic enzyme cfa synthase. we report the isolation of the putative structural gene, cfa, for this enzyme on an e. coli-cole1 chimeric plasmid by the use of an autoradiographic colony screening technique. when introduced into a variety of e. coli strains, this plasmid, plc18-11, induced corresponding increases in cfa content and cfa ...	1984	6325391
lambda placmu: a transposable derivative of bacteriophage lambda for creating lacz protein fusions in a single step.	we isolated a plaque-forming derivative of phage lambda, lambda placmu1 , that contains sequences from bacteriophage mu enabling it to integrate into the escherichia coli chromosome by means of the mu transposition system. the mu dna carried by this phage includes both attachment sites as well as the ci, ner (cii), and a genes. lambda placmu1 also contains the lacz gene, deleted for its transcription and translation initiation signals, and the lacy gene of e. coli, positioned next to the termina ...	1984	6327627
identification of the phom gene product and its regulation in escherichia coli k-12.	plasmids containing the chromosome region of escherichia coli encoding phom, whose product is a positive regulator of alkaline phosphatase expression, were isolated from the clarke and carbon plasmid bank. a 9.9-kilobase ecori fragment of plasmid plc17-39 (subcloned into pbr322) was able to complement both phom and thrb mutations. restriction endonuclease analysis and in vitro mutagenesis of the hybird plasmids enabled the localization of the phom gene locus to 3 kilobases of the cloned chromoso ...	1984	6330029
[mutagenic effects of gamma-rays on plasmid dna in escherichia coli].	a purified and dried dna of plasmid pko482 (galk+) is 10 times more resistant to the inactivating action of 60co-gamma-rays than that of lambda phage. gamma-irradiation of the plasmid dna induces forward mutations of galk, the frequency of which increases linearly with the dose. the efficiency of the mutagenic action of gamma-rays on the plasmid galk locus is 10(-12) per 1 rad and per 1 base pair. the mutagenic effect of gamma-radiation but slightly depends upon bacterial reca+ gene and upon the ...	1984	6390494
mapping of the glucose dehydrogenase gene in bacillus subtilis.	a 4.0-kilobase dna fragment containing the developmentally regulated gene for glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) from bacillus subtilis was incorporated into the plasmid pgx345, which contains a marker conferring chloramphenicol resistance (cat). the resistance marker of the resulting integration vector was used to map the gdh gene on the b. subtilis chromosome. using pbs1 transduction, the gene order was determined to be aroi cat (gdh) mtlb dal. the cat (gdh) marker was also cotransformable with mtlb. ...	1984	6438057
controlled synthesis of the coat protein of satellite tobacco necrosis virus in escherichia coli.	chimeric plasmids were constructed such that the cloned complete satellite tobacco necrosis virus (stnv) rna information came under transcriptional control of the leftward promoter (pl) of bacteriophage lambda. the promoter is fully repressed at low temperatures (28 degrees) by the thermolabile repressor product of the lambdaci857 gene, present in the bacterium on a deficient prophage or as part of another plasmid. synthesis of the stnv coat protein in escherichia coli could be initiated by heat ...	1984	18639819
repressor for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate regulon of escherichia coli k-12: cloning of the glpr gene and identification of its product.	the glpr gene encoding the repressor for the glp regulon of escherichia coli was cloned from a library of hindiii dna fragments established in bacteriophage lambda. phages harboring glpr were isolated by selection for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase function encoded by glpd, which is adjacent to glpr on the e. coli linkage map. restriction endonuclease analysis and recloning of dna fragments localized glpr to a 3-kilobase-pair ecori-sali segment of dna. strains exhibiting constitutive expr ...	1985	3881401
cloning and genetic analysis of serotype 5 m protein determinant of group a streptococci: evidence for multiple copies of the m5 determinant in the streptococcus pyogenes genome.	a gene bank of group a streptococcus strain manfredo (m protein serotype 5) was constructed with a bacteriophage lambda vector-escherichia coli k-12 host system and screened by immunoblotting hybrid phage plaques with antisera raised to purified pep m5 (serotype 5 m protein fragment released from the streptococcal cell surface by pepsin). hybrid phage expressing m5 antigen (lambda m5) were detected in the gene bank at an unexpectedly high frequency. the cloned streptococcal dna sequences from on ...	1985	3884510
overproduction of staphylokinase in escherichia coli and its characterization.	a recombinant plasmid which directs the overproduction in escherichia coli of staphylokinase from staphylococcus aureus has been constructed by placing the staphylokinase gene, sak, under the control of bacteriophage lambda pr promoter in the plasmid. when an e. coli strain having the plasmid was induced, the staphylokinase activity in the periplasmic fraction increased about 60-fold and the 15.5-kda protein corresponding to the mature form reached about 25% of the periplasmic proteins. at the s ...	1985	3891339
characterization of the gene encoding glutamine synthetase i (glna) from bradyrhizobium japonicum.	we have isolated the bradyrhizobium japonicum gene encoding glutamine synthetase i (glna) from a phage lambda library by using a fragment of the escherichia coli glna gene as a hybridization probe. the rhizobial glna gene has homology to the e. coli glna gene throughout the entire length of the gene and can complement an e. coli glna mutant when borne on an expression plasmid in the proper orientation to be transcribed from the e. coli lac promoter. high levels of glutamine synthetase activity c ...	1985	2859270
the role of adenylyltransferase and uridylyltransferase in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in escherichia coli.	the regulation of gs activity involves two nucleotidylation cycles, the uridylylation cycle of pii and the adenylylation cycle of gs, which are catalyzed by two converter enzymes, uridylyltransferase and adenylyltransferase, respectively. the converter enzymes sense the fluctuation in the availability of nitrogen and accordingly regulate the activity of gs. on the other hand, the posttranslational modification of gs is tightly coupled to the transcriptional regulation of the glna gene by unmodif ...	1985	2868842
nucleotide sequence of the gdh gene coding for the nadp-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the isolation of the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp-gdh) by cross hybridization to the neurospora crassa am gene, known to encode for nadp-gdh is described. two dna fragments selected from a yeast genomic library in phage lambda gt11 were shown by restriction analysis to share 2.5 kb of common sequence. a yeast shuttle vector (cv13) carrying either to the cloned fragments complements the gdh- strain of s. cerevisiae and directs substantial overprod ...	1985	2932370
effect of an umuc mutation on phage lambda induction.	a possible role of the umuc gene product in the induction of the sos responses was examined. we compared the expression of a genetic fusion, in which gene lacz, encoding beta-galactosidase in escherichia coli is under the direct control of the ci repressor from prophage lambda, in a umuc+ strain and in an otherwise isogenic umuc- mutant. we found that two times higher uv doses were required to obtain a similar induction in the umuc+ strain as in the umuc mutant. in addition we showed that, at th ...	1985	2935710
evidence that the outer membrane protein gene nmpc of escherichia coli k-12 lies within the defective qsr' prophage.	recombinants between phage lambda and the defective qsr' prophage of escherichia coli k-12 were made in an nmpc (p+) mutant strain and in the nmpc+ parent. the outer membrane of strains lysogenic for recombinant qsr' phage derived from the nmpc (p+) strain contained a new protein identical in electrophoretic mobility to the nmpc porin and to the lc porin encoded by phage pa-2. lysogens of qsr' recombinants from the nmpc+ strain and lysogens of lambda p4, which carries the qsr' region, did not pr ...	1985	2984173
the phi 80 and p22 attachment sites. primary structure and interaction with escherichia coli integration host factor.	although the lambdoid bacteriophage phi 80 and p22 possess site-specific recombination systems analogous to bacteriophage lambda, they have different attachment (att) site specificities. we have identified and determined the nucleotide sequences of the att sites of phi 80 and p22 and have examined the interaction of these sites with purified escherichia coli integration host factor (ihf). the sizes of the homologous core regions of the att sites vary greatly: p22 has a 46-base pair core, while p ...	1985	2984205
phasmid vectors for identification of genes by complementation of escherichia coli mutants.	a bacteriophage lambda cloning vector was designed to facilitate the isolation of genes from procaryotic organisms by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. this vector, lambda se4, was constructed by attaching a very-low-copy-number replication system (from the plasmid nr1) and a spectinomycin resistance gene to the left arm of lambda 1059 (karn et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 77:5172-5176, 1980). this phasmid cloning vector is capable of growing lytically as a phage in a nonimmune ...	1985	2985547
the dna restriction endonuclease of escherichia coli b. ii. further studies of the structure of dna intermediates and products.	the dna intermediates and final products formed by the type i restriction endonuclease, ecob, were further characterized. dna cleaved on only one strand (hemi-restricted dna) contains gaps of approximately 70-100 nucleotides, while the fully restricted products contain 3'-single-stranded tails averaging approximately 70-100 nucleotides for each strand cleaved. the gaps and tails are formed with the release of an equal number of nucleotides as small oligonucleotides that are soluble in acid. afte ...	1985	2985610
plasmid vectors designed for the analysis of transcription termination signals.	we have constructed synthetic operons in which two genes (cat and lacz or cat and galk) were placed in tandem under the control of the bacteriophage lambda olpl operator and promoter. restriction sites were introduced between the promoter and the proximal cat gene or between the cat and lacz or galk genes. in the latter case, introduction of a transcriptional terminator between the two structural genes should affect only the distal gene. thus, following induction, the expression of the cat gene ...	1985	2998929
f'-coded, temperature-sensitive lambda ci857 repressor gene for easy construction and regulation of lambda promoter-dependent expression systems.	we describe the construction and properties of an f' factor which carries the temperature-sensitive ci857 allele of the repressor gene of coliphage lambda and which lacks the lambda cro function. this episome can easily be transferred to any f- and f' escherichia coli strain, thus facilitating the construction and regulation of lambda promoter-dependent expression systems without the use of defective prophages.	1985	2999084
site-directed cleavage of immunoglobulin gene segments by lymphoid cell extracts.	to study the enzyme(s) involved in the site-specific recombination of immunoglobulin (ig) gene segments, we designed an assay to detect v-j joining in vitro. the dna from a hybrid phage (lambda vjck) containing the vk41 gene segment separated by a 6-kilobase spacer region from the entire j-ck sequence was incubated with lymphoid cell extracts and packaged in vitro. phages carrying genomic deletions were selected by screening for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid resistance. although no site-specif ...	1985	3000549
[deletion of late genes of the prophage lambda].	the deletions in tandem prophage lambda appear with high frequency (to 10%) in rec a- strain of escherichia coli. the deletions were shown by marker rescue and hybridization of fragments of dna on nitrocellulose filters with nick-translated phage lambda dna localized only in prophage area. right and left att sites are not involved. the majority of defective lysogens had all regulatory regions and deletions of late structural genes. these strains may be used for construction of the host-vector sy ...	1985	3001508
plasmids supplying the q-qut-controlled gam function permit growth of lambda red- gam- (fec-) bacteriophages on reca- hosts.	a plasmid, pgam, has been constructed which expresses the phage lambda gene, gam, under the control of the lambda late promoter, p'r, contained in a form of a p'r-qut-t'r1 module. lambda red- gam-, which normally do not grow on reca- hosts, are able to grow on reca- hosts containing pgam, because their q function can turn on the gam gene expression. this facilitates cloning with lambda red- gam- vectors in reca- hosts.	1985	3005123
a phi 80 function inhibitory for growth of lambdoid phage in him mutants of escherichia coli deficient in integration host factor. ii. physiological analysis of the abortive infection.	derivatives of phage lambda with the rightmost 3% of the genome (the qsr region) from the related phage phi 80 fail to grow at low temperatures (e.g., 32 degrees) in escherichia coli hosts deficient in either protein component of ihf (integration host factor), the products of the hima and hip/himd genes. the abortive infection of lambda (qsr)80 in mutants defective for ihf was studied in detail. this infection is characterized by a lack of cell lysis and an inhibition of phage dna replication af ...	1985	3155886
involvement of the htpr gene product of escherichia coli in phage lambda development.	growth of phage lambda at high temperature requires a functional htpr host gene. the stages of the phage growth cycle shown to be dependent on htpr gene function include prophage excision and particle morphogenesis. two types of morphogenetic abnormalities have been detected. one is a defect in phage tail assembly that results from a deficiency in tail fibers even though gpj is produced. the severity of this defect is phage-strain specific. the second morphogenetic defect is less clearly defined ...	1985	3156447
efficient modification of e. coli rna polymerase in vitro by the n gene transcription antitermination protein of bacteriophage lambda.	the n gene protein of bacteriophage lambda prevents termination of transcription by e. coli rna polymerase. we describe here the conditions of a cell-free reaction system in which pure n stimulates net transcription up to tenfold and therefore nearly stoichiometrically modifies transcribing rna polymerase molecules. the reaction contains micrococcal nuclease-treated s100 extract derived from e. coli and a plasmid template dna containing the lambda early promoter pl, the n utilization site nutl, ...	1985	3158883
direct selection of mutations reducing transcription or translation of the reca gene of escherichia coli with a reca-lacz protein fusion.	when a reca-lacz protein fusion was cloned into phage lambda, the resulting transducing phage grew normally on wild-type escherichia coli, but its growth was severely inhibited in lexa(def) mutant strains that express reca constitutively at high levels. mutants of the transducing phage that grew on the lexa(def) strains were isolated and were found to affect production of the reca-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein. most mutants, including a number of nonsense mutants, were phenotypically lacz-. ...	1985	3160689
gene fusions to the ptsm/pel locus of escherichia coli.	we have constructed gene fusions between ptsm/pel and lacz. these fusions affect both phenotypes assigned to the ptsm/pel locus (at 40 min), namely, no growth on mannose or glucosamine and inhibition of the penetration of bacteriophage lambda dna, as well as that of other lambdoid phages such as hy-2. since the lacz gene fusions are insertion mutations that abolish target gene function by disrupting the linear contiguity of the gene, it would appear that ptsm and pel are either the same gene or ...	1985	3162078
e. coli nusa protein binds in vitro to an rna sequence immediately upstream of the boxa signal of bacteriophage lambda.	the nusa protein of escherichia coli is a factor which mediates termination of transcription. in this paper, we demonstrate that the nusa protein can bind in vitro to a specific site on the mrna of bacteriophage lambda. several rnas were synthesized by in vitro transcription of truncated lambda dna templates, and the activity of nusa binding to these rnas was examined by a millipore filter-binding assay. rnas containing the sequence immediately upstream of the boxa site were trapped on the filte ...	1985	2416564
the rna component of the bacillus subtilis rnase p. sequence, activity, and partial secondary structure.	the gene defining the catalytic rna component of rnase p in bacillus subtilis 168 was cloned into bacteriophage lambda and plasmid vectors. the nucleotide sequence of the gene and its surroundings was determined from the cloned dna and by directly sequencing or reverse transcribing the rnase p rna. the b. subtilis rnase p rna sequence (400-401 nucleotides) is remarkably different from that of escherichia coli (377 nucleotides) (reed, r. e., baer, m. f., guerrier-takada, c., donis-keller, h., and ...	1986	2423526
cloning and expression of bradyrhizobium japonicum uptake hydrogenase structural genes in escherichia coli.	to identify the structural genes for the components of bradyrhizobium japonicum uptake hydrogenase (mr 60,000 and 30,000), we have expressed these genes in escherichia coli and shown that the products cross-react with antibodies to the respective hydrogenase subunits. we constructed subclones of overlapping dna fragments from an uptake hydrogenase-complementing cosmid, phu52 [lambert, g. r., cantrell, m. a., hanus, f. j., russell, s. a., haddad, k. r. & evans, h. j. (1985) proc. natl. acad. sci. ...	1986	3532119
enhancement of transcriptional activity of the escherichia coli trp promoter by upstream a + t-rich regions.	the escherichia coli trp promoter has two a + t-rich blocks in the upstream region. the deletion of the segments containing these blocks resulted in a decrease in promoter strength. by replacing the upstream region of trp promoter with one or two large a + t-rich blocks of the major leftward lambda promoter (pl), modified trp promoters (designated let) were constructed, and the transcriptional activities of these promoters towards the expression of the human interferon-gamma gene were measured. ...	1986	3533725
construction of plasmid vectors for the detection of streptococcal promoters.	plasmid vectors have been constructed for detecting dna fragments that exhibit promoter activity in streptococcus sanguis. the plasmids are able to replicate in both s. sanguis and escherichia coli, and contain an erythromycin resistance marker which is expressed in both hosts. selection for promoter activity is dependent upon the insertion of appropriate dna fragments upstream from a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene (cat) from staphylococcus aureus. to facilitate this insert ...	1986	3536665
expression of the bacteriophage t4 denv structural gene in escherichia coli.	the expression of the t4 denv gene, which previously had been cloned in plasmid constructs downstream of the bacteriophage lambda hybrid promoter-operator olpr, was analyzed under a variety of growth parameters. expression of the denv gene product, endonuclease v, was confirmed in dna repair-deficient escherichia coli (uvra reca) by western blot analyses and by enhancements of resistance to uv irradiation.	1986	3536845
genetic selection of lambda phage clones from a gene clonotheque.	a genetic procedure for selection of specific lambda clones, by homologous recombination between lambda clones from a gene clonotheque and sequences cloned into a plasmid, was developed. resulting clones are isolated in transduction experiments by plating infected escherichia coli cells under conditions selecting for the antibiotic resistance marker carried by the plasmid. the feasibility of the method was demonstrated in a model test system as well as by isolation of alpha-interferon-specific s ...	1986	3016484
cloning of micrococcus luteus 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase genes in escherichia coli.	the 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase (m3adg) excises 3-methyladenine (m3a) residues formed in dna after treatment with alkylating agents. in escherichia coli, the repair of this type of damage depends on the products of the genes taga and/or alka, which code for m3adg i (20 kda) and ii (30 kda), respectively. the taga- and alka--single mutants are sensitive to alkylating agents, the double mutant much more so. we have cloned two genes of micrococcus luteus that can partly substitute the function ...	1986	3019831
the fos gene product undergoes extensive post-translational modification in eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic cells.	to investigate the properties of the fos oncogene, we have constructed bacterial and yeast vectors which express the entire fos-coded protein (fos) and two c-terminal deletion products. in escherichia coli, fos proteins were expressed from the phage lambda pl promotor under the control of the temperature-sensitive lambda repressor. in vitro transcription/translation studies indicate that these vectors produce fos proteins of the expected sizes. however, in vivo, fos protein accumulation is obser ...	1986	3019839
[plasmid vector for gene expression containing the temperature-dependent promoter of phage lambda p'r dna].		1986	3026761
the production of generalized transducing phage by bacteriophage lambda.	generalized transduction has for about 30 years been a major tool in the genetic manipulation of bacterial chromosomes. however, throughout that time little progress has been made in understanding how generalized transducing particles are produced. the experiments presented in this paper use phage lambda to assess some of the factors that affect that process. the results of those experiments indicate: the production of generalized transducing particles by bacteriophage lambda is inhibited by the ...	1986	3034738
the nucleotide sequence of the escherichia coli k12 dnaj+ gene. a gene that encodes a heat shock protein.	the escherichia coli dnaj gene product is required for bacteriophage lambda dna replication at all temperatures. it is also essential for bacterial viability in at least some conditions, since mutations in it result in temperature-sensitive bacterial growth. we have previously cloned the dnaj gene and shown that its product migrates as a mr 37,000 polypeptide under denaturing conditions. here we present the primary dna sequence of the dnaj gene. it codes for a processed basic protein (63 basic a ...	1986	3003085
activity of chi recombinational hotspots in salmonella typhimurium.	chi sites have previously been shown to stimulate homologous recombination by the escherichia coli recbc pathway. to test the activity of chi in another organism, bacteriophage lambda crosses were carried out in salmonella typhimurium strains bearing the e. coli lambda receptor protein. chi is active in these crosses in s. typhimurium, but is less active than in the same crosses carried out in e. coli. the lower chi activity in s. typhimurium appears to be intrinsic to the s. typhimurium recbc e ...	1986	2937685
relationship between cellular reca protein concentration and untargeted mutagenesis in escherichia coli.	we measured the production of untargeted mutations in the ci and cii genes of untreated lambda phage undergoing a lytic cycle in uv-irradiated bacterial hosts. as previously shown, treatment with 4 micrograms/ml of rifampicin during post-irradiation incubation inhibited amplification of the reca protein in these cells. in addition, we observed a decreased mutation rate compared to the untreated, irradiated bacteria. treatment with 4 micrograms/ml or 8 micrograms/ml rifampicin did not prevent the ...	1986	2938000
spontaneous lambda or mutations suppress inhibition of bacteriophage growth by nonimmune exclusion phenotype of defective lambda prophage.	survivor clones with defects in gene functions that participate in the replicative killing of thermally induced escherichia coli constructs with integrated lambda n through p or ciii through p gene fragments were selected at a frequency of about 10(-6). among the population of survivors, clones were identified that exhibited normal lambda immunity at 30 degrees c, as shown by their ability to prevent the plating of lambda wild type and to support the plating of a nearly identical heteroimmune ba ...	1986	2939262
the homologous recombination system of phage lambda. pairing activities of beta protein.	the red genes of phage lambda specify two proteins, exonuclease and beta protein, which are essential for its general genetic recombination in reca- cells. these proteins seem to occur in vivo as an equimolar complex. in addition, beta protein forms a complex with another polypeptide, probably of phage origin, of mr 70,000. the 70-kda protein appears to be neither a precursor nor an aggregated form of either exonuclease or beta protein, since antibodies directed against the latter two proteins f ...	1986	2940241
plasmid expression vector using the lambda late promoter.	a plasmid expression vector called pqte1 based on the late promoter, pr', and positive control gene q of bacteriophage lambda has been constructed. this vector has unique cloning sites for placing exogenous dna under control of pr'. induction of expression of genes cloned into the pqte1 plasmid leads to massive overproduction of the gene products. also, transcription from the pr' promoter on pqte1 appears to be insensitive to polarity effects.	1986	2940611
promoter recognition by escherichia coli rna polymerase. effects of substitutions in the spacer dna separating the -10 and -35 regions.	a family of variants of the prm promoter of lambda phage was constructed, bearing nine base pair substitutions in a stretch of the spacer dna separating the contacted -10 and -35 regions. the substituted sequences were chosen for their potential to adopt structures different from those of average b-form dna and thus to affect the interaction of rna polymerase with the two contacted regions. characterization of the promoters in vitro and in vivo provides additional support for the lack of specifi ...	1986	2942546
selective inhibition of escherichia coli recbc activities by plasmid-encoded gams function of phage lambda.	the gam locus of bacteriophage lambda encompasses two coding sequences with the same reading frame and translational stop, one corresponding to an mr 11646 polypeptide (gams gene), the other to an mr 16349 polypeptide (gaml gene). a dna segment encoding gams but not gaml was placed under lambda pr promoter control (regulated by the cits857-coded repressor) on a multicopy plasmid, and an insertion mutation (gams201) was constructed. expression of gams+, but not gams201, inhibited escherichia coli ...	1986	2943636
an improved method for the isolation of high yields of bacteriophage lambda dna.		1986	2947045
wavelength dependence for the induction of bacteriophage lambda by antitumor agent gilvocarcin v.		1986	2949330
structures of mismatched base pairs in dna and their recognition by the escherichia coli mismatch repair system.	the escherichia coli mismatch repair system does not recognize and/or repair all mismatched base pairs with equal efficiency: whereas transition mismatches (g x t and a x c) are well repaired, the repair of some transversion mismatches (e.g. a x g or c x t) appears to depend on their position in heteroduplex dna of phage lambda. undecamers were synthesized and annealed to form heteroduplexes with a single base-pair mismatch in the centre and with the five base pairs flanking each side correspond ...	1986	2951250
mutational analysis of integrase arm-type binding sites of bacteriophage lambda. integration and excision involve distinct interactions of integrase with arm-type sites.	integrative recombination between specific attachment (att) regions of the bacteriophage lambda genome (attp) and the escherichia coli genome (attb) results in a prophage flanked by the hybrid recombinant sites attl and attr. each att site contains sequences to which proteins involved in recombination bind. using site-directed mutagenesis, we have constructed a related set of point mutations within each of the five int "arm-type" binding sites located within attp, attl and attr. footprint analys ...	1986	2951525
large palindromes in the lambda phage genome are preserved in a rec+ host by inhibiting lambda dna replication.	a large palindrome carried by phage lambda has been shown to prevent growth of the phage on a rec+ strain of escherichia coli. the phage do form plaques on recbc sbcb strains, but the palindrome is not stable--deletions that either destroy the palindrome or diminish its size overgrow the original engineered palindrome-containing phage. we have prepared stocks of lambda carrying a palindrome that is 2 x 4200 base pairs long. these phage stocks are produced by induction of a lysogen in which the t ...	1987	2951734