| presence and mechanism of antimicrobial resistance among enterococci from cats and dogs. | the presence and mechanism of acquired resistance to erythromycin, tylosin, lincomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, and vancomycin were determined in 97 and 104 enterococci isolated from rectal swabs of cats and dogs, respectively. eleven feline and three canine enterococcal isolates contained the aac(6')-ie-aph(2'')-ia gene encoding high-level resistance to gentamicin, an antibiotic often used for treating enterococcal infections in humans. t ... | 2005 | 16359201 |
| a case of fulminant post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and septicemia. | the fulminant form of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld) is very uncommon and occurs in approximately 1% of ptld patients. approximately 85% of these lesions are of b-cell origin, and most of them are associated with epstein-barr virus infection. fulminant ptld is frequently associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and may be difficult to differentiate from septicemia. we describe the case of a 59-yr-old man who suffered from prolonged septicemia in the immedia ... | 2006 | 16640537 |
| heterogeneity of vat(e)-carrying plasmids in enterococcus faecium recovered from human and animal sources. | in this study, quinupristin/dalfopristin (q/d)-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates (33 from poultry farms and 1 from a human outpatient) with q/d minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 microg/ml to 32 microg/ml were analysed. polymerase chain reaction detected the presence of vat(e) in all isolates. using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), 14 distinct pfge patterns were identified. the human e. faecium isolate was distinguishable from the 33 farm isolates by pfge. southern hy ... | 2006 | 16911866 |
| detection of human-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters by use of a pcr-based human polyomavirus assay. | regulatory agencies mandate the use of fecal coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococcus spp., as microbial indicators of recreational water quality. these indicators of fecal pollution do not identify the specific sources of pollution and at times underestimate health risks associated with recreational water use. this study proposes the use of human polyomaviruses (hpyvs), which are widespread among human populations, as indicators of human fecal pollution. a method was developed to concentrate ... | 2006 | 16997988 |
| antimicrobial disinfection effect of a laundering procedure for hospital textiles against various indicator bacteria and fungi using different substrates for simulating human excrements. | recent studies confirm the increase of nosocomial infections and microbial resistance. one of the possible causes is infected textiles due to inappropriate laundering procedures. most slovenian laundries use thermal laundering procedures with high energy and water consumption to disinfect hospital textiles. in addition to this fact, there is an increasing number of hospital textiles composed of cotton/polyester blends that cannot endure high temperatures of thermal disinfection. on the other han ... | 2007 | 17046191 |
| electrochemical detection of harmful algae and other microbial contaminants in coastal waters using hand-held biosensors. | standard methods to identify microbial contaminants in the environment are slow, laborious, and can require specialized expertise. this study investigated electrochemical detection of microbial contaminants using commercially available, hand-held instruments. electrochemical assays were developed for a red tide dinoflagellate (karenia brevis), fecal-indicating bacteria (enterococcus spp.), markers indicative of human sources of fecal pollution (human cluster bacteroides and the esp gene of enter ... | 2007 | 17328925 |
| tlr2-dependent myd88 signaling contributes to early host defense in murine enterococcus faecium peritonitis. | the incidence of infections with enterococcus faecium is increasing worldwide. tlrs have been implicated in the recognition of pathogens and the initiation of an adequate innate immune response. we here sought to determine the roles of myd88, the common adaptor protein involved in tlr signaling, tlr2, tlr4, and cd14 in host defense against e. faecium peritonitis. myd88 knockout (ko) mice demonstrated an impaired early response to e. faecium peritonitis, as reflected by higher bacterial loads in ... | 2008 | 18354210 |
| detoxification of aflatoxin b1 and patulin by enterococcus faecium strains. | aim of the present study was to investigate the detoxification of aflatoxin b(1) and patulin from aqueous solution by probiotic culture of enterococcus faecium m74 and commercial culture of e. faecium ef031. the effect of the bacterial viability, incubation time and ph of the medium on the binding ability was tested. also, binding stability was determined by washing the bacteria-mycotoxin complexes with phosphate buffer saline. both m74 and ef031 strains have the ability to remove aflatoxin b(1) ... | 2010 | 20356644 |
| inactivation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) on various environmental surfaces by mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectant. | contaminated environmental surfaces are important reservoirs in the transmission of many human pathogens. although several options exist for disinfecting contaminated environmental surfaces, few are compatible with use on both hard smooth non-porous (hard) and soft porous surfaces (soft) while still offering significant disinfection of the contaminating organisms. this study evaluated the efficacy of mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfe ... | 2010 | 20574884 |
| infectious complications in the early postoperative period in liver transplant patients. | liver transplantation (ltx) is a technically well established procedure in acute and in end-stage liver diseases. however, opportunistic infections remain one of the important complications in short and long-term outcome of ltx patients. bloodstream and pulmonary infections are the major cause of death in the first year following liver transplantation. due to extended use of chinolons and third generation cephalosporines there is a shift towards multidrug-resistant bacteria including methicillin ... | 2010 | 21037551 |
| antibiotic resistance in faecal bacteria isolated from horses receiving virginiamycin for the prevention of pasture-associated laminitis. | enterococcus faecium, a major cause of potentially life-threatening hospital-acquired human infections, can be resistant to several antimicrobials, such that streptogramin quinupristin-dalfopristin (q/d) is one of the few antibiotics still effective. consequently use of the streptogramin virginiamycin as an animal growth promoter was banned in the eu in 1999 as some believed this contributed to the emergence of q/d resistant e. faecium. virginiamycin is advocated for preventing equine pasture-as ... | 2011 | 21676560 |
| prevalence and mechanism of resistance against macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among enterococcus faecium isolates from food-producing animals and hospital patients in belgium. | the prevalence of acquired resistance to streptogramins, macrolides, and lincosamides and the genetic background of this resistance was investigated in enterococcus faecium strains isolated from food-producing animals and hospital patients 4-5 years after the ban of streptogramins as growth promoters. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of quinupristin/dalfopristin (q/d), virginiamycin m1 (virgm1), erythromycin (ery), tylosin (tyl), and lincomycin (lin) were determined by the agar dilut ... | 2007 | 17650967 |
| combining targeted sampling and fluorometry to identify human fecal contamination in a freshwater creek. | many bacterial source tracking (bst) methods are too expensive for most communities to afford. in an effort to develop an inexpensive method of detecting human sources of fecal contamination in a freshwater creek during baseflow and stormflow conditions, we combined targeted sampling with fluorometry. targeted sampling is a prelude to bst and finds sources of fecal contamination by continued sampling and resampling over ever-decreasing distances. fluorometry identifies human fecal contamination ... | 2008 | 17998611 |
| chemical and microbial decontamination of pool water using activated potassium peroxymonosulfate. | potassium peroxymonosulfate activation leads to the formation of highly reactive species, mainly the sulfate radicals. activated potassium peroxymonosulfate (from now on peroxymonosulfate) was tested against specific pollutants such as ammonium ion, creatinine, chlorinated creatinine products, arginine and escherichia coli (e. coli), all constituents or derivatives of human discharges. the objective was to assess whether activated peroxymonosulfate can be a viable treatment reagent in recreation ... | 2008 | 18384835 |
| genotypic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors of human isolates and probiotic cultures constituting two intraspecific groups of enterococcus faecium isolates. | the intraspecific relationships among a collection of enterococcus faecium isolates comprising probiotic cultures and human clinical isolates were investigated through the combined use of two high-resolution dna-fingerprinting techniques. in addition, the incidences of antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits were investigated. a total of 128 e. faecium isolates from human clinical or nonclinical sources or used as probiotic cultures were subjected to fluorescent amplified fragment length p ... | 2008 | 18487397 |
| potential of enterococci isolated from horses. | faecal samples of 122 horses (from farms in slovakia) were examined to select enterococci to study their probiotic potential for their further use as additives. each gram of faeces contained 1.0-5.0 cfu (log 10) of enterococci. of the 43 isolates, 25 (58.1%) were identified as enterococcus faecium, 3 strains were (6.9%) enterococcus mundtii and one strain was identified as e. faecalis. fourteen isolates were not characterized further. a significant proportion of the isolates were resistant to ka ... | 2008 | 18508395 |
| a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantitative detection of the human-specific enterococci surface protein marker in sewage and environmental waters. | a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay using sybr green i dye was developed to quantify the enterococcus faecium enterococci surface protein (esp) marker in sewage (n = 16) and environmental waters (n = 16). the concentration of culturable enterococci in raw sewage samples ranged between 1.3 x 10(5) and 5.6 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) per 100 ml. the real-time pcr detected 9.8 x 10(3)-3.8 x 10(4) gene copies of the esp marker per 100 ml of sewage. however, the concentration of ... | 2008 | 18707613 |
| presence of pri1: a small cryptic mobilizable plasmid isolated from enterococcus faecium of human and animal origin. | this study focused on the molecular characterization of a small cryptic, mobilizable plasmid (6038 bp) sequenced from an e. faecium 9631160-1 of poultry origin. sequence analysis of pri1 revealed seven open reading frames. pri1 contained an is 100% identical to isefa4. this insertion element disrupted a putative mobilization gene (moba) which presented 99% similarity to the one described in plasmid pjs42 (nc_010291). pri1 harbored a cluster of four coding sequences which exhibited a homology to ... | 2009 | 18830745 |
| trichosporon mucoides fungemia in a liver transplant recipient: case report and review. | four months after receiving an orthotopic liver transplant, a 51-year-old man was admitted for progressive liver failure and severe hepatocellular necrosis thought to be due to tacrolimus. during his hospitalization he experienced bloodstream infections including fungemia due to trichosporon mucoides and prolonged undulating fever despite antifungal and antibacterial treatment. he underwent removal of the allograft and implantation of another liver. fever continued postoperatively until therapy ... | 2009 | 18983414 |
| dogs are a reservoir of ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium lineages associated with human infections. | ampicillin resistance is a marker for hospital-associated enterococcus faecium. feces from 208 dogs were selectively screened for the occurrence of ampicillin-resistant e. faecium (aref). aref was detected in 42 (23%) of 183 dogs screened in a cross-sectional study in the united kingdom and in 19 (76%) of 25 dogs studied longitudinally in denmark. aref carriage was intermittent in all dogs studied longitudinally. multilocus sequence typing of 63 canine aref isolates revealed the presence of 13 d ... | 2009 | 19233953 |
| [liver abcess and biliary fistula as local complications of acute pancreatitis: approach and treatment]. | acute pancreatitis is frequently associated with the development of local complications: collections, necrosis, pseudocysts and abdominal abscesses. although the development of liver abscesses has been linked to bile duct obstruction or abdominal surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis, there are few descriptions of liver abscesses associated with an episode of acute pancreatitis. we report the case of a 45-year-old man with a first episode of severe acute alcoholic pancreatitis, complicat ... | 2009 | 19473729 |
| human health risk assessment of penicillin/aminopenicillin resistance in enterococci due to penicillin use in food animals. | penicillin and ampicillin drugs are approved for use in food animals in the united states to treat, control, and prevent diseases, and penicillin is approved for use to improve growth rates in pigs and poultry. this article considers the possibility that such uses might increase the incidence of ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium (aref) of animal origin in human infections, leading to increased hospitalization and mortality due to reduced response to ampicillin or penicillin. we assess th ... | 2009 | 19490520 |
| high hydrostatic pressure for disinfection of bone grafts and biomaterials: an experimental study. | autoclaving, heat, irradiation or chemical detergents are used to disinfect autografts, allografts and biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. these methods are often associated with deterioration of mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the bone grafts and synthetic implants. high hydrostatic pressure has been proposed as a novel method preserving biomechanical and biological properties of bone, tendon and cartilage. this is the first study to assess the inactivation of clinically ... | 2009 | 19516918 |
| bioactive bromophycolides r-u from the fijian red alga callophycus serratus. | four new bromophycolides, r-u (1-4), were isolated from the fijian red alga callophycus serratus and were identified by 1d and 2d nmr and mass spectroscopic analyses. these compounds expand the known structural variety of diterpene-benzoate macrolides and exhibited modest cytotoxicity toward selected human cancer cell lines. bromophycolide s (2) also showed submicromolar activity against the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | 2010 | 20141173 |