Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [ecoepidemiology of lyme borreliosis in the rhône-alps region. distribution, ecological context, relationship to the distribution of ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758)]. | the aim of the study was to precise the geographical repartition of lyme borreliosis in the rhône-alpes district, to describe the ecological characteristics of the areas propitious to the disease, and to verify the vectorial competence of i. ricinus. the cases of lyme disease were located by means of a questionnaire sent to 1156 physicians. the vector role of i. ricinus was studied by two ways: firstly by searching a correlation between the geographical repartition of the tick and that of cases, ... | 1994 | 9235207 |
| infection of field-collected ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) larvae with borrelia burgdorferi in switzerland. | free-living larvae from natural areas in five regions in switzerland were collected to determine the infection rate of ixodes ricinus l. larvae by borrelia burgdorferi johnson. larvae were examined for the spirochetes using direct fluorescent antibody assay. of 652 larvae examined, spirochetes were detected in 20 (3.1%). no differences in infection rate among sites were detected. the low prevalence of b. burgdorferi in larvae, compared with higher infection rate in nymphs (12.8%) and adults (14. ... | 1994 | 7966183 |
| [temporal distribution of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in "macchia grande" park in manziana in the province of rome]. | temporal distribution of tick species was studied in the woodland "macchia grande" of manziana in the province of rome, italy. a total of 2,494 ticks was collected by means of drag sampling during one year of survey (1993). among the species identified, ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758) (95.9%) was the most abundant, followed by haemaphysalis inermis (birula, 1895) (2.2%), rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini e fanzago, 1877) (1.8%), dermacentor marginatus sulzer, 1776) (0.1%). i. ricinus was present d ... | 1994 | 7638000 |
| transmission of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. from mammal reservoirs to the primary vector of lyme borreliosis, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae), in sweden. | factors regulating prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in ixodes ricinus (l.) were examined during 1991-1992 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. nine species of small and medium-sized mammals (sorex araneus l., s. minutus l., neomys fodiens pennant, clethrionomys glareolus [schreber], microtus agrestis [l.], apodemus sylvaticus [l.], a. flavicollis [melchior], lepus europaeus pallas, l. timidus l.) were found to infect feeding tic ... | 1994 | 7815401 |
| differential immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi in european wild rodent species influence spirochete transmission to ixodes ricinus l. (acari: ixodidae). | immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi and their influence on spirochete transmission to ixodes ricinus were analyzed in the natural european reservoir hosts; i.e., the mouse species apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked mouse) and apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse) and the vole species clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole), and, in addition, in the laboratory mouse strain nmri. naive and preimmunized rodents were infected either by artificially infected i. ricinus larvae or by intradermal injection ... | 1994 | 7960113 |
| comparison of dark-field microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of borrelia burgdorferi in field-collected ixodes ricinus ticks. | in a study based on 100 field-collected female ixodes (i.) ricinus ticks from the surroundings of giessen, dark-field microscopy (dfm), culture, and pcr were compared as procedures for detecting lyme borreliosis spirochetes in ticks. by dfm, 16 ticks were found to be infected with spirochetes. from the midgut of 18 ticks (including 14 microscopically positive specimens), spirochetes were cultured in bsk ii medium and in bsk ii medium supplemented with either co-trimoxazole (500 micrograms/ml) or ... | 1994 | 7858345 |
| [borrelia burgdorferi infection of ticks in some regions of poland]. | ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected by flagging from the vegetation at five different locations in poland in may 1994. i. ricinus (n191) and d. reticulatus (n48), as well as 24 argas reflexus collected from katowice, kornie, szcyglice, urwitałt and zwierzyniec, were examined for the presence of borrelia spirochetes by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifa). borrelia were found in adult i. ricinus ticks at all 5 collection sites. nine out of 39 i. ricinus m ... | 1994 | 7597184 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in rodents (apodemus flavicollis and a. sylvaticus): duration and enhancement of infectivity for ixodes ricinus ticks. | ixodes ricinus is an important vector of borrelia burgdorferi in europe, and small rodents (apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus) are important sources for infecting ticks. in this study, we examined their reservoir role by studying the duration of their infectivity for ticks. a. flavicollis and a. sylvaticus mice captured in nature were exposed to uninfected i. ricinus larvae at different times after their capture: 10 days, and 2, 7, 11, 14 and 40 months. ticks were e ... | 1994 | 7957795 |
| evaluation of host-targeted applications of permethrin for control of borrelia-infected ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae). | 1995 | 7787232 | |
| [risk of contamination by borrelia burgdorferi s. lato in a forest environment. survey during 13 months of abundance of the tick ixodes ricinus and its level of infestation by the lyme borreliosis agent in brittany]. | the authors, in a forest in brittany previously studied for several years, caught by flagging, each month from april 1992 to may 1993, nymphs of i. ricinus tick, and looked by indirect immunofluorescence, for b. burgdorferi infestation. an amount of 1,506 ticks was thus studied. infestation frequency was varying from 0 per cent in january and february to 14.4 per cent in august. standarding of tick collecting method allowed to establish, for each month, a tick, "availability" index, and, accordi ... | 1995 | 7787457 |
| seasonal variation in the role of grey squirrels as hosts of ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochaete, in a british woodland. | data are presented on the variable patterns of the seasonal dynamics of ixodes ricinus l. ticks seen questing on the vegetation and feeding on small rodents (mice and voles) and squirrels within a british woodland focus of lyme borreliosis. information on tick infestation levels on pheasants is also presented. the results show a prolonged, unimodal pattern of tick activity, with ticks feeding throughout the year in this sheltered habitat. if host density is taken into account, squirrels are quan ... | 1995 | 9599431 |
| characterization of finnish borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and with monoclonal antibodies. | thirty-seven borrelia burgdorferi strains, isolated in 1992 from ixodes ricinus in finland, were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) with five to nine monoclonal antibodies (mabs). by sds-page results and reactivities to mabs h3ts, j 8.3, i 17.3, and d6, the 37 isolates were assigned to the species b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (n = 7), borrelia afzelii (n = 17), or borrelia garinii ... | 1995 | 7559935 |
| [incidence of lyme borreliosis in mecklenburg-vorpommern]. | in 1992/93 6202 ticks (ixodes ricinus) were tested in mecklenburg-vorpommern for borrelia burgdorferi via dark-field microscopy. the prevalence of infected ticks was 7.8%. the sera of 1182 forest workers in mecklenburg-vorpommern were tested for antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. in 31.4% antibodies to b. burgdorferi were found in the sera of forest workers. | 1995 | 7888719 |
| strain variation of lyme disease spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents collected in two endemic areas in switzerland. | the relationship among lyme borreliosis, borrelia genospecies, rodent reservoirs, and ixodes ricinus l. ticks was studied in two endemic areas in switzerland. ear punch biopsies and sampling of internal organs were used to isolate borrelia burgdorferi (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt and brenner) from small mammals, apodemus sylvaticus l., a. flavicollis melchoir, clethrionomys glareolus schreber. spirochetes were isolated from ear tissue and spleen of the rodents. isolates were homogeneous a ... | 1995 | 7650703 |
| expression of outer surface proteins a and c of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus. | a total of 472 field-collected ixodes ricinus ticks from southern germany were investigated by immunofluorescence for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi with a polyvalent rabbit immune serum and with monoclonal antibodies specific for outer surface proteins a and c (ospa and ospc, respectively). borreliae were detected in 90 ticks with the polyvalent immunofluorescence assay. infection rates in adults (females, 20.2%; males, 25.2%) were significantly higher than in nymphs (12.1%). ospa was det ... | 1995 | 7665661 |
| genotypic and phenotypic analysis of borrelia burgdorferi isolates from the netherlands. | sixty-three borrelia burgdorferi isolates recovered from ixodes ricinus ticks collected in 17 locations in the netherlands and three dutch human skin isolates were characterized by rrna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western blotting (immunoblotting). all three human isolates belonged to b. burgdorferi group vs461. of the tick isolates, 29 (46%) were b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, 2 (3%) were group vs461, 19 (30%) were ... | 1995 | 7699027 |
| borreliae in larval ixodes ricinus ticks. | 1995 | 7787231 | |
| [natural epidemiology of lyme borreliosis with reference to clustered incidence of illnesses in the suburbs of a north baden community]. | human infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, is unusually common in the "scheelkopf" area of the town bruchsal in north baden (germany), a situation which has led to considerable publicity and public concern. this study was carried out in order to clarify this situation by determining the prevalence of b. burgdorferi in both the free-living tick populations (ixodes ricinus) and the rodent population from the "scheelkopf" as well as from surrounding control area ... | 1995 | 7549249 |
| prevalence of ticks in relation to their role as vector of borrelia burgdorferi under autochthone conditions. | a total of 59 (78.7%) of 75 areas were found to be inhabitated by ticks; all the 4335 collected ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus. both nymphs and adults were found to be more active during the late spring and early summer months. ticks of 29 recreation areas were found to be carrying spirochaetes. considering the total number of 75 recreation areas examined and the total number of 59 areas inhabitated by ticks the percentage was 38.7 and 49.2 respectively. the positivity rate by dark fiel ... | 1995 | 7550446 |
| genetic and phenotypic characterization of borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in the province of bolzano, italy. | lyme disease is caused by three borrelial species, b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii and borrelia group vs461. in a restricted biotope of the bolzano province, in the caldaro community, five clones of two borrelial variants were isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks. a preliminary serological study showed that the two variants cross-reacted with b. burgdorferi b31 and b. garinii n34 strains, respectively. the isolates were genomically related with strains b31 and n34, respectively, sharing a ... | 1995 | 7603344 |
| [diagnosis of lyme borreliosis]. | lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease, caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks, in our regions by the tick ixodes ricinus. the disease mainly affects skin, nervous system, joints and heart. lyme borreliosis develops in three stages, and the various clinical manifestations may assigned to the respective stages. as far as skin is concerned, in stage i typically appears erythema chronicum migrans, very often accompanied by flu-like symptoms; in stage iii, months ... | 1995 | 7610528 |
| clethrionomys glareolus, but not apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to ixodes ricinus l., the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi. | the european rodents clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole) and apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked-mouse) are important hosts of the tick species ixodes ricinus, the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi. we have addressed the question whether or not these tick hosts develop resistance to i. ricinus larvae. c. glareolus and a. flavicollis were exposed to 40 i. ricinus larvae for five consecutive times at two week intervals. resistance was tested by the following parameters: percentage of ti ... | 1995 | 7624158 |
| the spatial distribution of borrelia burgdorferi-infected ixodes ricinus in the connemara region of county galway, ireland. | studies were carried out in the connemara area of county galway in the west of ireland in order to determine the abundance and distribution of the tick, ixodes ricinus and the prevalence of its infection with borrelia burgdorferi. the tick was very abundant locally, in particular when associated with cattle, sheep and enclosed red deer. large numbers of ticks not only occurred on the pastures, but also on adjacent roadside verges. no infections with b. burgdorferi could be demonstrated when nymp ... | 1995 | 7634971 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from two different foci in spain. | the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in several tick species was studied over a 2 year period in two ecologically different areas in spain. one area was an endemic area for lyme disease, with a number of autochthonous human cases and supported large populations of ixodes ricinus on cattle and birds; the second area was characterized by the absence of i. ricinus together with the presence of foxes and their associated tick species. while i. ricinus was the main vector of b. burgdorer ... | 1995 | 7634972 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in ixodes ricinus in sweden. | between 1988-1991, a total of 3,141 ixodes ricinus ticks, 2,740 adults and 401 nymphs, was collected from different localities in 23 of the 25 provinces of sweden. the ticks were identified, dissected and examined for the presence of borrelia spirochetes. indirect immunofluorescence was performed, using an antiserum obtained from rabbits, immunized with sonicated, whole borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks. borrelia-positive i. ricinus were found in all 23 ... | 1995 | 8685640 |
| simultaneous detection and genotyping of three genomic groups of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in dutch ixodes ricinus ticks by characterization of the amplified intergenic spacer region between 5s and 23s rrna genes. | we developed a rapid and reliable method for the identification borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in ticks. we used the dna sequence polymorphism of the spacer region between 5s and 23s rrna genes, which has been shown to be able to discriminate between eight genomic groups of b. burgdorferi sensu lato (d. postic, m. assous, p. a. d. grimont, and g. baranton, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 44:743-752, 1994). spacer dna was amplified by pcr and was then hybridized to five membrane-bound oligonucl ... | 1995 | 8586679 |
| is the small mammal (clethrionomys glareolus) or the tick vector (ixodes ricinus) the primary overwintering reservoir for the lyme borreliosis spirochete in sweden? | we determined the capacity of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) to infect feeding ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (infectivity), during june to october 1991 and june to september 1992 in south-central sweden. in both years, the infectivity of older voles to ticks was higher in august to september (48% to 59%) than in june to july (20% to 32%). we propose that the infectivity of bank vole populations in sweden decreases during winter and spring due to death of highly ... | 1995 | 8592387 |
| infection rate of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia afzelii, borrelia garinii, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in slovenia. | in spring 1993, ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from six regions of slovenia to determine their overall rate of infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and to assess the frequency of individual species in these tick populations. ticks were dissected and midgut tissue inoculated into modified barbour-stoenner-kelly (bsk ii) medium. borrelia isolates were differentiated into separate species using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers and by large restriction fragment ... | 1995 | 8654451 |
| simultaneous infection of ixodes ricinus nymphs by two borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species: possible implications for clinical manifestations. | 1995 | 8903170 | |
| occurrence of different genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodid ticks of valais, switzerland. | a total of 825 adult ticks (727 ixodes ricinus, 72 dermacentor marginatus and 26 haemaphysalis punctata) was collected from vegetation in valais (switzerland) in 1987 to 1992. they were examined for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay, dark field microscopy and/or culture in 221 out of 727 i. ricinus (30.4%) and none in the other two species. from these 221 infected t ... | 1995 | 8549716 |
| infestation of rodents with larval ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) is an important factor in the transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in german woodlands. | the ecology of borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al. s.l. was investigated from 1987 to 1993 in a preserved woodland in western germany near bonn. in selected biotopes, host-seeking ixodes ricinus l. were regularly collected by blanket dragging in 1987, 1988, and 1989 and screened for infection with b. burgdorferi. rodents were trapped monthly between april and october in 1988, 1990, 1991, and in the winter of 1992-1993, examined for antibodies to b. burgdorferi s.l., and inspected for feeding tic ... | 1995 | 8551503 |
| [lyme disease--neuroborreliosis]. | lyme disease is an infective disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus. the disease usually has three stages whereas the last, because of domination of neurologic symptomatology is called "neuroborreliosis". this is a case report of a female patient with neuroborreliosis in whom, due to lack of symptoms and signs which characterize the first stage of lyme disease as well as lack of evidence about the tick, nobody assumed such an etiology. lyme disease was ... | 1995 | 8657067 |
| prevalence of lyme borrelia in ticks in bratislava, slovak republic. | a total of 2857 unfed ixodes ricinus adult ticks were collected in 2-3 week intervals in 1991 in bratislava to survey their prevalence with spirochaetes. five hundred twenty eight, i.e. 17.8% harboured borreliae as detected by dark field microscopy. the infection rates of examined ticks varied from 15.3 to 21.8% in females and from 14.5 to 16.9% in males. the infestation of ticks was related to the season of their collection, the highest being in summer months. at this time the highest number of ... | 1995 | 8535370 |
| lyme borreliosis spirochetes in ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) and the varying hare on isolated islands in the baltic, sea. | we investigated isolated ecosystems to determine if lyme borreliosis is maintained in the absence of reservoir-competent small mammals. human cases of lyme disease have been reported on the isolated islands of gotska sandön and stora karlsö in the baltic sea. the varying hare, lepus timidus, is the only terrestrial vertebrate species capable of serving as a host for all stages of ixodes ricinus (l.) on these islands. in august, mean larval infestation on 5 hares from each island was 548 with a m ... | 1996 | 8667378 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by pcr in questing ixodes ricinus larvae from the dutch north sea island of ameland. | in may 1995, 61 ixodes ricinus larvae were collected from vegetation on the dutch north sea island of ameland. fifty-seven lysates (94%) were analysed for the presence of borrelia dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which amplified the intergenic spacer region between the 5s and 23s rrna genes. three samples (5%) were positive and hybridization of the pcr product to genomic group-specific probes revealed that two larvae were infected with borrelia afzelii and group vs116, respectively an ... | 1996 | 8771771 |
| a simple method of transmission risk assessment in enzootic foci of lyme borreliosis. | the proposed method consists in examining individual host-seeking vector ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex by microscopy for borreliae and evaluating the proportion of ticks with more than 100 borreliae. the investigations were carried out in a deciduous oak forest habitat in south moravia, czech republic, over four years (1991-1994). in may (i.e., at the peak of seasonal activity of i. ricinus), about 150 nymphal and 200 adult ticks were examined each year. it was found that annual incidence ... | 1996 | 8891535 |
| a molecular marker for the identification of the zoonotic reservoirs of lyme borreliosis by analysis of the blood meal in its european vector ixodes ricinus. | the efficacy of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene as a molecular marker for the discrimination of the reservoir host species of the lyme borreliosis spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), in its european vector ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) was determined. degenerate pcr primers were designed which amplified orthologous regions of the cytochrome b gene in several animal species which act as b. burgdorferi s.l. reservoirs and hosts for i. ricinus. pcr products were amp ... | 1996 | 8899988 |
| borreliae in immature ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) ticks parasitizing birds in the czech republic. | of 411 forest birds of 33 species examined near valtice, czech republic, 29% were infested with ixodes ricinus (l.); 2.2% were parasitized by haemaphysalis concinna koch. borreliae were detected in 5.1 and 11.7% of larval and nymphal i. ricinus, respectively. none of the 13 h. concinna tested was infected. in total, 3.2% of the birds examined were parasitized by i. ricinus immatures infected by borreliae. borreliae-containing ticks parasitized european robin, erithacus rubecula (l.); eurasian bl ... | 1996 | 8840682 |
| relationship between ixodes ricinus density and prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes and density of infected ticks. | during 1994-1995 we examined the density of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) nymphs and their prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes at 43 localities in south-central sweden with median nymphal densities ranging from 0.1 to > 50/100 m2. the general pattern was that the infection prevalence in nymphs increased with nymphal density at < 10 nymphs per 100 m2, peaked (20-30%) at 10-20 nymphs per 100 m2, and decreased at higher nymphal densities. a low infection prevalence (7-10%) in nymp ... | 1996 | 8840687 |
| infection of ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) by borrelia burgdorferi in ile de france. | free-living nymphs and adults from rambouillet and fontainebleau, 2 major forests of ile de france, were collected to determine the infection rates of ixodes ricinus l. by borrelia burgdorferi (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner). field-collected i. ricinus nymphs and adults were screened for the presence of b. burgdorferi using direct fluorescent antibody assay. the infection rates of nymph, male and female were 12.4% (314), 2.8% (35), and 2.9% (34). no difference in infection rates o ... | 1996 | 8699470 |
| ultrastructural localization of a sialic acid-specific hemolymph lectin in the hemocytes and other tissues of the hard tick ixodes ricinus (acari; chelicerata). | lectins have been suggested to function as pattern-recognition molecules in invertebrate immune mechanisms. a lectin from the hemolymph of the tick ixodes ricinus with main specificity for sialic acid was characterized and antibodies directed against this lectin were prepared. in this study, these antibodies were used to localize the lectin in the tissues of i. ricinus. immunoreactivity with poly- and monoclonal antibodies was detected in the granules of both types of granular hemocytes, at the ... | 1996 | 8801552 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in ixodes ricinus (l.) populations in france, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory. | ixodes ricinus is considered as the main vector of lyme borreliosis in france. the aim of our investigations was to obtain a comprehensive view of the spatial risk linked to the distribution of the species in our country. previous studies [1] have provided strong evidence that the species populations are widely distributed, so the objective of the present work was to ascertain the bacteriological infection of the tick by the agent of the zoonosis (borrelia burgdorferi, sensu lato), over the fren ... | 1996 | 8891545 |
| [ticks as a reservoir of borrelia burgdorferi and coxiella burnetii on polish terrain]. | the aim of performed studies was to recognize the distribution of coxiella burnetii and borrelia burgdorferi infected ticks in poland. the 1580 ticks infesting animals and humans were collected in different parts of the country. they belonged to ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and argas reflexus species. presence of b burgdorferi and c. burnetii dna in ticks has been sought with polymerase chain reaction test (pcr). b. burgdorferi bacteria have been detected in 12 i. ricinus ticks (0.77% ... | 1996 | 8927734 |
| primary culture of borrelia burgdorferi from ixodes ricinus ticks. | a total of 971 ixodes (i.) ricinus ticks field-collected in may and june 1993 and 1994 in two different geographic regions (middle hesse and lower saxony) were examined for the presence of lyme borreliosis spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) by primary culture using nonselective and selective bsk ii medium. modifications of bsk ii medium with varying concentrations of bovine serum albumin and with rabbit serum being replaced by horse serum were examined for their ability to support gro ... | 1996 | 8946692 |
| unknown species of rickettsiae isolated from ixodes ricinus tick in wałcz. | ticks ixodes ricinus have been harvested in park down-town wałcz in june 1994. presence of borrelia burgdorferi and rickettsiae has been tested with pcr. b. burgdorferi and coxiella burnetii have not been detected in any tick whereas characteristic for other rickettsiae dna fragment of gene encoding citrate-synthase has been found. bacterial strain has been cultured from the tick. biochemical properties of isolated strain has strongly suggested that these bacteria belong to genus bartonella (roc ... | 1996 | 8673798 |
| molecular characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from slovenia revealing significant differences between tick and human isolates. | one hundred twenty-nine slovenian isolates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato derived from patients (69 strains) or ixodes ricinus ticks (60 strains) were characterized. all of the strains were first- or second-passage isolates obtained in 1992 and 1993 from the same endemic region. the techniques used for the molecular analysis of strains included species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic separation of undigested and mlui-digested genomic dna. ... | 1996 | 8781883 |
| molecular polymorphism of the lyme disease agent borrelia garinii in northern europe is influenced by a novel enzootic borrelia focus in the north atlantic. | lyme disease borrelia species are distributed in temperate areas of north america and eurasia. to elucidate the distribution of borreliae in subarctic regions, strains isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes uriae ticks found on islands in the northern atlantic and baltic sea were molecularly characterized. all isolates were verified as borrelia garinii by 16s rrna gene analysis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies specific for the outer surface proteins a and c. three ribotypes (rts) o ... | 1996 | 8789017 |
| mitotic activity of the hemocytes in the tick ixodes ricinus (acari; ixodidae). | the blood cells, or hemocytes, of ixodes ricinus have been shown to recognize, attack, and phagocytose microorganisms invading the body cavity, or hemocoel, of this tick. regulated proliferation and differentiation of hemocytes, also referred to as immunocytes, is basic to an effective immune response to invading microorganisms. therefore, this study dealt with hemopoiesis in i. ricinus, the vector tick of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. histological evidence for the presence o ... | 1996 | 8832731 |
| prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in european bison (bison bonasus) from białowieza primeval forest. | to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in european bison from białowieza primeval forest, a total of 79 serum samples were collected from april 1989 until december 1994. specific antibodies to b. burgdorferi antigen were assayed using inhibition elisa. borrelia antibodies were possibly present in 16.4% of examined bisons (inhibition between 20 and 30%). however, higher level of antibodies, over 30% of inhibition, was found only in two animals: no. 382 and no. 273 (2.5% ... | 1996 | 8673795 |
| characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes in archived european ticks. | to determine whether the characteristics of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) in europe may have changed during the past century, dna was amplified from archived ixodes ricinus ticks. tick dna could be amplified, even when ticks had been stored under museum conditions for nearly a century. spirochetal dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 6 ticks preserved for as long as a century; the oldest was collected in 1884. borrelia garinii, which predominates in modern ticks ... | 1996 | 8699081 |
| seasonal variations in density of questing ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs and prevalence of infection with b. burgdorferi s.l. in south central sweden. | seasonal variations in the density of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) nymphs and their prevalence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner were studied during 1991-1993 at a locality in southcentral sweden. the seasonal pattern of the density of questing i. ricinus nymphs was variable; there was a bimodal pattern with peaks of similar magnitude in 1991, a bimodal pattern with a small spring peak and a greater autumn peak in 1992, and a unimodal patter ... | 1996 | 8699453 |
| identification of four genomic groups of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a lyme borreliosis endemic region of northern croatia. | we investigated the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a lyme borreliosis (lb) endemic region of northern croatia. ticks (n = 124) were collected at five locations and analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a dna fragment from the internal transcribed spacer (its2) of i. ricinus was detected in all tick lysates, indicating that pcr inhibitors were not present. borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna was detected in 56 out of 124 ticks (45%). fo ... | 1996 | 8746131 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from ixodes ricinus in mecklenburg-vorpommern, germany. | epidemiological studies in mecklenburg-vorpommern have shown a high prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks. a total of 17 b. burgdorferi sensu lato strains were isolated from ticks and investigated by western blots (immunoblot) with eight monoclonal anti-bodies against different epitopes of the outer surface protein a (ospa). except for one, all strains could be classified using this system. the majority of strains belonged to the b. garinii-associated ospa serotypes 3, 5 and 6. three ... | 1996 | 8811650 |
| first isolation and characterisation of borrelia garinii, agent of lyme borreliosis, from irish ticks. | nymphal ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of lyme borreliosis, were collected from the edges of paths in muckross demesne, killarney national park, co. kerry, ireland. examination of some of these nymphs by indirect immunofluorescence showed an infection prevalence of 12% with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the spirochaete agent of lyme borreliosis. gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were infected by infesting them with other nymphs from the same batch. subsequently uninfected laboratory larvae wer ... | 1996 | 8867493 |
| [the evaluation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes distribution in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in selected regions of wielkopolska+ regions by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method]. | ixodes ricinus ticks (total n = 298: 24 nymphs, 156 females and 112 males) collected from vegetation at 7 different sites were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes. detection of spirochaetes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers complementary to chromosomal sequence. borreliae were evident in 73 (24.5%) examined ticks. females were infected in 28.8%, males in 22.0% and nymphs in 8.3%. infection rate in tick population i ... | 1996 | 9132794 |
| spirochetal non-borrelia-microorganism isolated from ixodes ricinus. | spirochetal microorganisms were isolated from female ixodes ricinus in slovakia. morphological, immunochemical and molecular biological analysis showed that the microorganism shared several common antigens with borrelia species while other genetic traits were distinct and not related to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. lyme disease patient's serum contained antibodies reacting with antigens of this microorganism. on the one hand the cross-reacting antigens represent a risk of false positive resu ... | 1996 | 9138313 |
| tick infestation patterns and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected at a veterinary clinic in germany. | a total of 4803 domestic and wild animals which were presented for examination at a veterinary clinic in north baden, germany over a period of 1 year were examined for tick infestation. a total of 434 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from 175 hosts. ticks found belonged to the species ixodes ricinus (385), ixodes hexagonus (48), and ixodes ventalloi (one). the polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 132 i. ricinus and 21 i. hexagonus for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi. twenty-t ... | 1996 | 8916409 |
| [use of indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks]. | material samples from 40 ticks, including 30 ixodes ricinus and 10 dermacentor reticulatus ticks were tested for presence of borrelia burgdorferi infection with indirect immunofluorescence assay (if) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). sensitivity of pcr in terms of minimum detectable number of in vitro cultivated spirochetes was a reproducible amplification when 50 spirochetes were added to the pcr mixture. the assay sensitivity was lower for b. burgdorferi in ticks and it was estimated on min ... | 1996 | 8927733 |
| detection of four species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in the netherlands. | roe deer (capreolus capreolus) were investigated for their value as sentinel animals for lyme borreliosis in the netherlands. serum was obtained from 114 roe deer, and 513 ixodes ricinus, predominantly females (72%), were obtained from 47 animals (41%). the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in a total of 190 ticks, comprising 106 engorged ticks and 84 non-engorged ticks. borrelia dna was detected in 24 engorged ticks (23%) and 26 non-engorged tic ... | 1996 | 8972683 |
| dynamics of borrelia burgdorferi infection in nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks during feeding. | we report the sequential development events of borrelia burgdorferi in histological sections of ixodes ricinus nymphs before, during and after feeding. during the blood meal a decrease of approximately 50% in the number of infected ticks was recorded (eight out of 76, 11%) in comparison with the infection rate of unfed ticks (12 out of 56, 21%). spirochetes were detected in tick salivary glands only after 2 days of attachment. from day 3 until drop-off, the number of infected ticks increased to ... | 1996 | 9022268 |
| efficient transmission of borrelia burgdorferi between cofeeding ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | feeding ticks are generally spatially distributed in clusters on vertebrate hosts. to test the effect of clustering on transmission of a tick-borne pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner-infected ixodes ricinus l. nymphs and uninfected i. ricinus larvae were allowed to feed together in retaining chambers on uninfected akr/n mice. engorged infective nymphs dropped off at days 5, 6, and 7, and the 1st infected larvae that fed in the chambers together with the i ... | 1996 | 8906929 |
| preliminary studies on virus and spirochete accumulation in the cement plug of ixodid ticks. | we provide evidence that tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. are accumulated in the cement plug in the host skin within the first few hours after tick attachment. extirpation of the tick without the cement plug, even very soon after the attachment, did not prevent the transmission by ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus or dermacentor reticulatus to mice. this was within 1 hour in the case of the tbe virus and after 20-22 h of attachment, in the case of borrelia and i. pers ... | 1996 | 9004495 |
| [the isolation and results of the study of the protein structure of spirochetes isolated from i. ricinus ticks in byelarus]. | four hundred and eighty ixodes ricinus (278 female and 202 male) samples collected in the natural biotopes of 13 administrative districts in southwest byelarus were studied via dsk-h medium (sigma) inoculation. twenty-four spirochetes isolates (3, 2, 1, and 18 in the brest, gomel, mogilev, and grodno regions, respectively) were obtained on the territory of byelarus. after adapted to the medium, most isolates (as many as 7 x 10(6)-5 x 10(7) microbial cells per ml) in the stationary phase. all the ... | 1997 | 9445994 |
| immunization with a polyvalent ospa vaccine protects mice against ixodes ricinus tick bites infected by borrelia burgdorferi ss, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii. | sequence variability of the outer surface protein (osp) a among borrelia burgdorferi sl species suggests that a monovalent ospa vaccine may not protect against the various borrelia present in eurasia. here, we confirmed that a monovalent recombinant ospa (rospa) vaccine does not protect mice against ixodes ricinus mediated infection with b. burgdorferi ss, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii. however, when mice were vaccinated with a cocktail of various rospa from these three species, they wer ... | 1997 | 9330467 |
| [the prevalence of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari, ixodidae) in the forested areas of gdansk, sopot, and gdynia and their infection rate with borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes]. | data are presented on the variable patterns on the seasonal activity of ixodes ricinus questing on vegetation in 6 study sites in the forested areas of gdańsk, sopot and gdynia in 1993-1995. a total of 8992 specimens collected there show that ticks frequently occupy habitats closely associated with man. out of them 5775 (4328 nymphs, 713 females and 680 males) collected in 1994 and 1995 were examined individually for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis-using i ... | 1997 | 9333838 |
| unusual manifestations of hypersensitivity after a tick bite: report of two cases. | ticks are able to transmit, through biting, various viral, parasitic, and bacterial diseases, the best known being lyme disease due to borrelia burgdorferi. in addition, ticks may also induce allergic reactions. | 1997 | 9236498 |
| the etiological agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, in ticks (acari:ixodidae) from eastern poland. | in 1994, 4204 out of 4656 ixodes ricinus collected both from vegetation in three different areas and from hunter-killed deer and wild boar in the białystok province (eastern poland) were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi s.i. detection of spirochetes was carried out by the routine indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using polyclonal antibody (anti-b. burgdorferi, strain 1 b 29). b. burgdorferi spirochetes were evident in 349 (8.8%) nymphal and adult i. ricinus co ... | 1997 | 9241805 |
| genetic and phenotypic analysis of borrelia valaisiana sp. nov. (borrelia genomic groups vs116 and m19). | to clarify the taxonomic status of two recently described borrelia genomic groups, groups vs116 and m19, three group vs116 strains and eight group m19 strains isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in switzerland, the netherlands, and the united kingdom were characterized. pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the 5s-23s intergenic spacer amplicon, rrna gene restriction analysis, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting, sodi ... | 1997 | 9336888 |
| vaccination of natural reservoir hosts with recombinant lipidated ospa induces a transmission-blocking immunity against lyme disease spirochaetes associated with high levels of la-2 equivalent antibodies. | as observed in humans, immune responses in naturally infected reservoir hosts of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato rarely target the outer surface proteins (osp) a and b of lyme disease spirochaetes. the absence of protective immunity in such hosts following tick-borne infection allows them to play an effective role in the maintenance of lyme borreliosis in nature. therefore, the question was addressed whether one of the most prominent natural reservoir host species of b. burgdorferi s.l. in europ ... | 1997 | 9364698 |
| coexistence of ehrlichia phagocytophila and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks from italy as determined by 16s rrna gene sequencing. | 1997 | 9399564 | |
| [present status of lyme borreliosis and characterization of lyme disease borrelia isolated in japan]. | lyme disease is a multisystemic disorder caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato which is carried by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. the agent was discovered in 1982 in north america and the disease is recognized as an emerging infectious diseases in north america and europe. japanese borrelia isolates were characterized by genetic and immunologic analysis. isolates from ixodes ovatus were found to be unique by dna/dna hybridization analysis, restriction fragment length pol ... | 1997 | 9248350 |
| molecular characterisation of lyme disease borreliae using rapd analysis and 16s rdna sequencing. | here we report the use of random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds) and sequence analysis of the genes encoding for the small subunit ribosomal rna (16s rdna) for the characterisation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains recovered from ixodes ricinus and from lyme disease patients. all strains examined were assigned to the species borrelia garinii. however, both rapds and 16s rdnas revealed a level of genetic variation among the strains which appears higher than expected for a bacterial sp ... | 1997 | 9470245 |
| role of grey squirrels and pheasants in the transmission of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme disease spirochaete, in the u.k. | in britain, grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis gmelin) and pheasants (phasianus colchicus linnaeus) are important hosts of larvae and nymphs of ixodes ricinus l., the principal european vector of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. to test whether squirrels are competent hosts of b. burgdorferi s.l., three females were trapped in the wild and then held in captivity. following treatment, each animal was exposed to uninfected xenodiagnostic i. ricinus ticks. squirrel a ... | 1997 | 9269722 |
| population genetic structure of ixodes ricinus in switzerland from allozymic data: no evidence of divergence between nearby sites. | ixodes ricinus is a vector and reservoir of numerous infectious agents, especially borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. in switzerland, its ecology and physiology have been well studied. moreover, the foci of some infectious agents transmitted by this tick are identified. they can display relatively to extremely small geographical size depending on the diseases considered. in order to understand how the gene flows occur and to characterise the genetic structure of ixodes ricinus popu ... | 1997 | 9279578 |
| [incidence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in ixodes ricinus ticks from a museum collection evaluated by pcr]. | ixodes ricinus ticks (total n = 51:14 larvae, 16 nymphs, 17 females and 11 males) collected at 21 different sites during 1948-1987 were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes. detection of spirochaetes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers complementary to chromosomal sequence. borreliae were found in 3 (3.56%) examined ticks (nymphs) collected at the same site (two in june, 1952 and one in august, 1987). the low number o ... | 1997 | 9562792 |
| [prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in ixodes ricinus ticks at urban and suburban forest habitats]. | the aim of this preliminary study was to estimate the risk of infection of ixodes ricinus ticks by the agent of lyme disease--borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (acari: ixodidae). ticks were collected from the vegetation during may--august 1996 at two different forest habitats: dziekanów leśny near warsaw and lasek bielański in warsaw. prevalence of b. burgdorferi infection of the nymphs and adults ticks was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). tick occurrence duri ... | 1997 | 9562791 |
| [acute borrelia infection. unilateral papillitis as isolated clinical manifestation]. | borrelia burgdorferi is the cause of erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease. ticks like ixodes ricinus are responsible for transmission. frequently, the tick bite is not noticed by the patient. eye manifestations, such as keratoconjunctivitis, scleritis, chronic uveitis, vitritis, chorioretinitis, optic nerve disease, orbital myositis and paresis of the eye muscles, often occur after a long period of time and vary greatly. | 1997 | 9376700 |
| spatial distribution and seasonality of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in a protected area in the northern apennines. | infestation of small rodents by ixodid ticks and frequency of host-seeking ticks collected by dragging were studied at orecchiella natural park (northern apennines) in 1994 and 1995. levels of infestation of apodemus spp. by immature dermacentor marginatus were higher in beech wood (5.1 larvae and 1.3 nymphs per mouse) than in oak-chestnut wood and in coniferous wood. larval d. marginatus peaked in mid summer, whereas nymphs peaked in late summer. host-seeking haemaphysalis punctata were mostly ... | 1997 | 9419846 |
| local variations in the distribution and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks. | unfed nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from five locations within the 10,000-ha killarney national park, ireland. the distribution and prevalence of the genomospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the ticks were investigated by pcr amplification of the intergenic spacer region between the 5s and 23s rrna genes and by reverse line blotting with genomospecies-specific oligonucleotide probes. the prevalence of ticks infected with b. burgdorferi sensu lato was significan ... | 1997 | 9055424 |
| transmission cycles of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involving ixodes ricinus and/or i. hexagonus ticks and the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, in suburban and urban areas in switzerland. | the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus linnaeus, 1758, is a common host of ixodes ricinus l. and i. hexagonus leach, vectors of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. to investigate whether hedgehogs are reservoirs for b. burgdorferi, hedgehogs were captured in a suburban area suitable for both tick species and in an urban area where i. ricinus is absent. the infection status of the hedgehogs was determined by xenodiagnosis using i. ricinus and i. hexagonus larvae. i. ... | 1997 | 9437846 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomic groups in europe, a review. | the survey is based on a total of 1263 records (738 isolations and 525 molecular dna detections) of five borrelia burgdorferi s.l. genomic groups available from 26 european countries: b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii, b. garinii, b. valaisiana (= vs116) and b. lusitaniae (= potib2). it shows the geographic distribution, the source (ixodid ticks 802 records, fleas 2 records, mosquitoes 2 records, wild mammals 66 records, human patients 391 records) and the association of the genomic group ... | 1997 | 9476827 |
| [preliminary identification of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in eastern slovakia]. | the first finding of spirochetes borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in eastern slovakia pertains to ticks ixodes ricinus collected in the kosice park forest in september 1995. the authors tested 7 strains using immunoblotting with 4 monoclonal antibodies (mab): h9724--specific to the genus borrelia, identifying 41 kda flagellar protein, h5332--specific to ospa protein of b. burgdorferi, j 8.3 and i 17.3 specific to ospa and ospb proteins of b. afzelii. all the strains belong to the genus borrelia ( ... | 1997 | 9162456 |
| the distribution and prevalence of b. burgdorferi genomospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks in ireland. | questing ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from six locations throughout ireland and 638 nymphs, 111 females and 118 males were investigated for infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensulato (s.l.). the total prevalence of b. burgdorferi s.l. in the ticks was determined as 14.9% by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the spacer region of 5s-23s rrna genes. infection prevalence was significantly higher in adult (20.1%) ixodes ricinus compared to nymphs (13.1%). the prevalence of in ... | 1997 | 9062782 |
| tick zoonoses in the southern part of switzerland (canton ticino): occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and rickettsia sp. | the diversity and the distribution of tick species and their infection rates by the pathogenic micro-organism borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis, and rickettsia sp., were studied in canton ticino (the southern part of switzerland). ticks specimens collected from animals and humans were classified and analysed for the presence of both pathogens. in particular, pcr analysis was performed for the detection of borrelia spirochetes in ixodes ricinus and ixodes he ... | 1997 | 9085007 |
| a population-based seroepidemiologic study of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and lyme borreliosis on the west coast of sweden. | ehrlichioses are emerging infections in the united states. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are acquired after ixodes ricinus-complex tick bites. an ongoing seroepidemiologic study of the 185 of the 356 permanent residents of the koster islands in sweden was expanded to include ehrlichioses. ehrlichial antibodies were measured by ifa using ehrlichia equi and ehrlichia chaffeensis. borrelia burgdorferi igg elisa-seropositive subjects were confirmed by western blot. ... | 1997 | 9041353 |
| natural lyme disease cycles maintained via sheep by co-feeding ticks. | we present observational and experimental evidence that cycles of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi s.l., can be maintained by sheep in the virtual absence of alternative hosts. a 2-year field study in upland moorland habitats of northwest uk established that sheep feed up to 80% of larval, > 99% of nymphal and all of the adult female tick (ixodes ricinus) population. infection prevalence of b. burgdorferi in questing ticks reaches over 20%, but amplification of infection occurs ... | 1997 | 9488870 |
| the geographical distribution of tick bites and erythema migrans in general practice in the netherlands. | lyme disease is caused by borrelia burgdorferi which is transmitted in europe by the tick ixodes ricinus. erythema migrans is a skin lesion which is pathognomonic of lyme disease. a retrospective study was carried out to determine the geographical distribution of the occurrence of tick bites and erythema migrans in the netherlands and to identify ecological risk factors. | 1997 | 9169184 |
| characterization of a spotted fever group rickettsia from ixodes ricinus ticks in sweden. | a spotted fever group rickettsia isolated from the common tick, ixodes ricinus, was genetically characterized by pcr and genomic sequencing. this study was performed with nymphal and adult ticks collected in southern and central sweden. i. ricinus is the only north european tick species of medical importance which is regularly collected from humans. no species of the genus rickettsia has previously been found in scandinavian ticks, nor has any case of domestic rickettsial infection in humans or ... | 1997 | 8968916 |
| competence of pheasants as reservoirs for lyme disease spirochetes. | pheasants, phasianus colchicus l., constitute a major part of the ground-feeding avifauna of england and wales and are important hosts to immature stages of ixodes ricinus l., the principal tick vector of lyme borreliosis spirochetes in europe. therefore, their competence as hosts for borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, steigerwalt & brenner sensu lato was investigated. one group of pheasants was inoculated by needle with 1 x 10(6) cultured b. burgdorferi s.s. organisms, and a 2nd group of bir ... | 1998 | 9542349 |
| risk of infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for a host in relation to the duration of nymphal ixodes ricinus feeding and the method of tick removal. | the objectives of the present study were to investigate the risk of b. burgdorferi s.1. (bb)-transmission by i. ricinus-nymphs to a host (i) after different periods of feeding, and (ii) with regard to the particular method of tick removal. on each of 72 mongolian gerbils 3 tick nymphs taken from a highly infected batch were allowed to feed in a small capsule. feeding ticks were removed 16.7, 28.9, 47.0, and 65.2 hrs post-attachment. in each of these 4 groups 3 sub-groups with 6 gerbils each were ... | 1998 | 9532263 |
| differential transmission of the genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in england. | the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in a focus of lyme borreliosis in southern britain dominated by game birds. ticks, rodents, and pheasants were analyzed for spirochete infections by pcr-targeting the 23s-5s rrna genes, followed by genotyping by the reverse line blot method. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks, three genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato were detected, with the highest prevalences found for borrelia garinii and borrelia valaisiana. b. burgdorf ... | 1998 | 9546150 |
| antigenic and genomic analysis of a borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in alto adige-south tyrol, italy. | a borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strain isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in alto adige-south tyrol (northern italy) was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of whole cell proteins, western immunoblotting analysis (wba) with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the isolate named bz6 was identified as belonging to the genospecies b. burgdorferi sensu stricto on the basis of its protein profile and its reac ... | 1998 | 9744686 |
| identification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in europe. | characterisation at the species level of 142 borrelia isolates obtained from ticks, humans and rodents in western europe was carried out and their geographical distribution was described. borrelia garinii was the predominant species representing 44% of the isolates and b. afzelii and b. burgdorferi sensu stricto constituted 27% and 19% of isolates respectively. b. valaisiana, (formerly group vs116) constituted 10.5% of isolates. some differences in the borrelia species distribution were observed ... | 1998 | 9563195 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks: immunofluorescence assay versus polymerase chain reaction. | immunofluorescence (ifa) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were examined as methods for detecting borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes in unfed ixodes ricinus nymphs. although similar results were produced in some cases, a great deal of variation occurred. furthermore, in both the highly controlled initial laboratory study, involving 252 shared samples, and the study on field-collected ticks (n = 460), the ifa tended to detect more infected ticks than the pcr. the basis for these findi ... | 1998 | 9563196 |
| transmission risk of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from ixodes ricinus ticks to humans in southwest germany. | the risk of borrelia burgdorferi infection and the value of antibiotic prophylaxis after tick bite are controversial. in this study, performed in two areas of southwestern germany, ticks were collected from 730 patients and examined by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for b. burgdorferi. to assess whether transmission of b. burgdorferi occurred, the patients were clinically and serologically examined after tick removal and during follow-up examinations. data from all tick bites gave a total t ... | 1998 | 9747761 |
| epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of lyme borrelliosis in northwest croatia. | investigated were the epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of lyme borreliosis in northwest croatia. in a seroepidemiologic study, human sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa), and ten out of 134 serum samples were positive for b. burgdorferi antibodies. in a seroepizootiologic study, wildlife and domestic animals were tested by inhibition elisa. antibodies to b. burgdorferi were found in nine out of 42 roe deer sera, and in three out of nine hare sera. sera ... | 1998 | 9599811 |
| rate of infection of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii and group vs116 in an endemic focus of lyme disease in italy. | a study to evaluate the natural rate of infection of ixodes ricinus with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was carried out in an endemic focus of lyme disease in the trieste area in northern italy. two-hundred and twenty-seven ticks collected in ten different stations were tested individually for the presence of the spirochetes using polymerase chain reaction techniques able to identify both borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and the four genospecies (borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia gari ... | 1998 | 9629972 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in ixodes ricinus in central italy. | 1998 | 9629984 | |
| granulocytic ehrlichia infection in ixodid ticks and mammals in woodlands and uplands of the u.k. | the prevalence of infection with ehrlichiae of the ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup (the granulocytic ehrlichiae), in questing ixodes ricinus ticks of u.k. upland and woodland habitats, was investigated by pcr. the prevalence of infection in the three feeding stages of i. ricinus indicated that granulocytic ehrlichiae are transmitted transstadially with no, or inefficient, transovarial transmission. the presence of infected ticks in both habitats indicates that endemic cycles of granulocytic e ... | 1998 | 9824827 |
| genetic heterogeneity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in belgium. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the etiological agent of lyme disease, is transmitted by the bite of ixodes ricinus. four hundred eighty-nine ticks, collected in four locations of a region of southern belgium where lyme disease is endemic, were examined for the presence of the spirochete. in a pcr test with primers that recognize a chromosomal gene of all strains, 23% of the ticks were found to be infected. the species b. burgdorferi s.l. comprises at least three pathogenic genomospecies ... | 1998 | 9774592 |