Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [variations in the occurrence of borrelia in the tick, ixodes ricinus (l.) in the olomouc district]. | examinations of 1,998 ticks ixodes ricinus in the district of olomouc revealed 182 cases of borrelia, i.e. in 9.1% ticks. prevalence in males is 10.7%, in females 12.8% and in nymphs 7.0%. a certain coincidence was observed between mosquito incidence, in particular during the first half of the year, and borrelia prevalence in ticks in the course of the following year, with prevalence variations manifested in tick imagos only. a hypothesis is formulated that mosquitos feeding on larger animals, w ... | 1994 | 8168165 |
| late lyme borreliosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical features. | lyme borreliosis is endemic in the aland islands. exposure of the inhabitants to bites of the tick ixodes ricinus is heavy. the purpose of this study was to describe symptoms and signs of patients with late lyme borreliosis in this area, and to correlate the findings with the epidemiological setting. the first 100 consecutive patients with late lyme borreliosis found in the region since 1984 are included in this study. neurological, articular and muscular symptoms and signs dominate. general scr ... | 1993 | 8217100 |
| [faunistic-ecological studies of ixodes ricinus in the urban area of leipzig]. | the urban-ecological rule of decrease of the population size from the environs to the town centre is established also for ixodes ricinus. the manifold impairments are shown which urban influences have on the cycle of the parasite, especially in the transitional zone between the forest area and the totally sealed ground. the presentation of an urban gradient is tried for the first time. there is potential danger of infection with borrelia burgdorferi deep into the conurbation. | 1993 | 8220577 |
| the ixodes ricinus tick as a vector of borrelia burgdorferi in slovenia. | in many parts of slovenia, the vegetation, climate and animals form an ideal natural environment for the persistence of different tick species. in this study, ixodes ricinus ticks, the prevalent tick species in our country, are identified as the vectors of borrelia burgdorferi in slovenia. ticks were collected by flagging between may and october 1990. all the ticks collected from different parts of slovenia were i. ricinus and each one was examined individually. the ticks were tested to determin ... | 1993 | 8243594 |
| seasonal prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus in different vegetation types in sweden. | the aim of this investigation was to estimate the seasonal risk of contracting human lyme disease in different vegetation types in southern sweden. host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) were collected with standardized methods during may-september 1988 and march-october 1989 at 10 different sampling sites. tick abundance was greatest during may-june and august-september. prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the ticks was assessed by phase-contrast microscopy complemented ... | 1993 | 8248744 |
| [epidemiologic study of lyme disease in asturias]. | the aim of this study was to confirm the sierra del sueve (asturias) as an endemic area for lyme's disease and determine the seroprevalence of this disease in inhabitants of this and other zones of asturias. | 1993 | 8260513 |
| [cutaneous manifestations of lyme disease and results of our study]. | an investigation of 395 patients with tick bites or suspected tick bites has been conducted. patients were from 14 months to 86 years old. erythema migrans was found in 83 (21.01%), lympocytoma in 2 (0.5%) and scleroderma lesions in 2 (0.5%) patients. there were 12 asymptomatic seropositive patients. the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in two ixodes ricinus ticks was investigated and demonstrated. | 1993 | 8262400 |
| [ecology of borrelia burgdorferi]. | much still remains to be understood about ecology of borrelia burgdorferi which is transmitted by a number of ticks belonging primarily to the ixodes complex, known to feed on different animal hosts and humans. this article pretends to be a review of previous knowledge of borrelia burgdorferi ecology. special emphasis is placed on the preliminary results of an investigation conducted in yugoslavia on the risk of developing lyme borreliosis after a tick bite (ixodes ricinus). lyme borreliosis was ... | 1993 | 8262424 |
| [vectors of borrelia burgdorferi]. | during the period 1990-1992-5,915 ticks were collected and identified in the area of belgrade. identification has shown that 99.8% were ixodes ricinus and 0.2% dermacentor marginatus. infection with borrelia burgdorferi was found in 27.0% to 31.7%. females were more often infected than males and nymphs more often than larvae. tick infection was at lowest degree in parks, little bit higher in woods and highest in mixed park-wood areas. out of 28 locations, six can not be defined as foci of lyme b ... | 1993 | 8262425 |
| [the first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in apodemus flavicollis in yugoslavia]. | small rodent species, as well as their ectoparasitic fauna, and the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in their blood and internal organs (liver and spleen) was investigated, at two locations (kosutnjak, lipovicka suma) in belgrade. animals were caught between september 15-17, 1992. on location kosutnjak two apodemus flavicollis were trapped and borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from the spleen of one of them. on location lipovicka suma 13 rodents were trapped as follows: 10 apodemus flavicollis, ... | 1993 | 8262432 |
| [tick bite and lyme borreliosis. an epidemiologic study in the erlangen area]. | lyme borreliosis is transmitted by tick bites. approximately every fifth local tick (ixodes ricinus) is infected. transmission, therefore does not occur with every bite, and disease doesn't always follow infection. the goal of the study was to investigate the risks of infection and disease after tick bites in the area of erlangen/germany. | 1993 | 8283994 |
| [the ecology index, an epidemiologic marker of foci of lyme borreliosis]. | the ecological index (ei) as defined by schulze et al. was determined in three localities of western slovakia (malacky, podunajské biskupice, olichov) using the following criteria: suitability of the habitats for the occurrence of ixodes ricinus ticks and their number, accessibility of habitat for men (i. phase); furthermore the abundance and infection rate of ticks (ii. phase). a scoring procedure (point values of 1-5 for each parameter) was used to evaluate the ei of three localities studied. ... | 1993 | 8306400 |
| ixodes ricinus immatures on birds in a focus of lyme borreliosis. | the infestation of birds by immature ixodes ricinus was studied during 6 months in a swiss woodland, where lyme borreliosis is endemic. thirteen passerine species were found to be parasitized by i. ricinus subadults and specially turdus merula, t. philomelos and erithacus rubecula. overall, 300 larvae and 162 nymphs were collected on 95 avian hosts. prevalence of infestation of nymphs on birds was higher in spring; larvae peaked in summer. the infection of birds by borrelia burgdorferi was also ... | 1993 | 8314179 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in a focus of lyme borreliosis: epizootiologic contribution of small mammals. | the contribution of woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) was compared in a focus of lyme borreliosis in switzerland during a 7 months' study. all three species of mice and one species of shrews (sorex araneus) were shown parasitized by infected ixodes ricinus immatures. about 14% of larvae and 50% of nymphs collected on small mammals were infected with b. burgdorferi. spirochetes were isolated from blood of 3 woodmice ... | 1993 | 8325567 |
| seasonal variation in the capacity of the bank vole to infect larval ticks (acari: ixodidae) with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. | seasonal variation in the capacity of bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus (schreber), to infect larval ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks with borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner was examined from may through october 1991 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. although larval infestations of bank voles were greatest in june and july, nearly 70% of all larval ticks infected with spirochetes by bank voles at this site became infected during august and september. ... | 1993 | 8360909 |
| comparison of western blot and microimmunofluorescence as tools for lyme disease seroepidemiology. | sera from a population of 212 farmers of the puy de dôme (midlands of france) who are in close contact with ixodes ricinus, the vector of lyme disease in europe, and sera from 100 urban blood donors from the nearly city of clermont ferrand were examined by microimmunofluorescence (mif) for antibodies reacting with borrelia burgdorferi. the results showed a higher seroprevalence of igg > 1/100 in farmers (25%) than in blood donors (10%). using western blot with antibody at a 1/200 dilution, and r ... | 1993 | 8405312 |
| the major histocompatibility complex-restricted response of recombinant inbred strains of mice to natural tick transmission of borrelia burgdorferi. | the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. in this study, we report the antibody response of recombinant inbred strains of mice of the h-2, b, d, and k haplotypes, infected with b. burgdorferi as a result of exposure to infected i. dammini. the patterns of antibody response assayed by western blot analysis indicate significant major histocompatibility complex (mhc) restriction to bacterial antigens within the first 2 mo of in ... | 1993 | 8418212 |
| maintenance by hares of european borrelia burgdorferi in ecosystems without rodents. | during may-october 1991 shrews (sorex spp.), small rodents (apodemus spp., clethrionomys glareolus [schreber]), and hares (lepus spp.) were sampled near stockholm, sweden. nymphal ixodes ricinus (l.) derived from blood-engorged larvae collected from these mammals were investigated by phase-contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using the monoclonal antibody h6831 directed against the ospb protein of borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner. three rodent s ... | 1993 | 8433337 |
| a serological survey and review of clinical lyme borreliosis in spain. | a serosurvey for lyme disease was conducted by the national reference center for microbiology in spain. all serum specimens received from patients with erythema migrans (em), arthritis, and cardiac and neurological disorders were tested for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. sera from 499 patients were tested. of these patients, 310 had neurological disease, 101 had carditis, 79 had arthropathies, and 9 had em; for 35 patients, a diagnosis of lyme disease was confirmed. of these 35, 68% had neu ... | 1993 | 8443316 |
| mode of inoculation of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi influences infection and immune responses in inbred strains of mice. | mice were infected with borrelia burgdorferi by infection via ixodes ricinus and experimental inoculation to determine whether transmission rates of spirochetes and antibody responses are influenced. mice infected by the natural route were substantially more infective for ticks; two- to sixfold more tick larvae were positive for b. burgdorferi than those fed on experimentally inoculated mice. in natural infection, spirochetemia may be greater or spirochetes may be more accessible for transmissio ... | 1993 | 8450262 |
| advances in investigations of lyme borreliosis in the territory of the former ussr. | whereas late manifestations of lyme borreliosis were described in russia more than 100 years ago, early manifestations were described as different disease entities such as tick-borne erythema, etc. in 1985 lyme borreliosis was first verified serologically and the agent was first identified in 1986. by the beginning of 1992 lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed in patients from the baltics to the far east. their geographical patterns in russia are closely related to areas of the hard ticks ... | 1993 | 8472805 |
| diversionary role of hoofed game in the transmission of lyme disease spirochetes. | to determine whether the presence of ungulates may inhibit transmission of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) while promoting the abundance of its european vector tick (ixodes ricinus), we compared the feeding density of subadult ticks on roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), and wild sheep (ovis ammon) near berlin and in brandenburg state, germany. the prevalence of spirochetal infection in these ticks was compared with that in ticks s ... | 1993 | 8517488 |
| prevalence of lyme borrelia in ticks in bratislava, slovak republic. | a total of 2857 unfed ixodes ricinus adult ticks were collected in 2-3 week intervals in 1991 in bratislava to survey their prevalence with spirochaetes. five hundred twenty eight, i.e. 17.8% harboured borreliae as detected by dark field microscopy. the infection rates of examined ticks varied from 15.3 to 21.8% in females and from 14.5 to 16.9% in males. the infestation of ticks was related to the season of their collection, the highest being in summer months. at this time the highest number of ... | 1995 | 8535370 |
| occurrence of different genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodid ticks of valais, switzerland. | a total of 825 adult ticks (727 ixodes ricinus, 72 dermacentor marginatus and 26 haemaphysalis punctata) was collected from vegetation in valais (switzerland) in 1987 to 1992. they were examined for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay, dark field microscopy and/or culture in 221 out of 727 i. ricinus (30.4%) and none in the other two species. from these 221 infected t ... | 1995 | 8549716 |
| infestation of rodents with larval ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) is an important factor in the transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in german woodlands. | the ecology of borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al. s.l. was investigated from 1987 to 1993 in a preserved woodland in western germany near bonn. in selected biotopes, host-seeking ixodes ricinus l. were regularly collected by blanket dragging in 1987, 1988, and 1989 and screened for infection with b. burgdorferi. rodents were trapped monthly between april and october in 1988, 1990, 1991, and in the winter of 1992-1993, examined for antibodies to b. burgdorferi s.l., and inspected for feeding tic ... | 1995 | 8551503 |
| simultaneous detection and genotyping of three genomic groups of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in dutch ixodes ricinus ticks by characterization of the amplified intergenic spacer region between 5s and 23s rrna genes. | we developed a rapid and reliable method for the identification borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in ticks. we used the dna sequence polymorphism of the spacer region between 5s and 23s rrna genes, which has been shown to be able to discriminate between eight genomic groups of b. burgdorferi sensu lato (d. postic, m. assous, p. a. d. grimont, and g. baranton, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 44:743-752, 1994). spacer dna was amplified by pcr and was then hybridized to five membrane-bound oligonucl ... | 1995 | 8586679 |
| is the small mammal (clethrionomys glareolus) or the tick vector (ixodes ricinus) the primary overwintering reservoir for the lyme borreliosis spirochete in sweden? | we determined the capacity of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) to infect feeding ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (infectivity), during june to october 1991 and june to september 1992 in south-central sweden. in both years, the infectivity of older voles to ticks was higher in august to september (48% to 59%) than in june to july (20% to 32%). we propose that the infectivity of bank vole populations in sweden decreases during winter and spring due to death of highly ... | 1995 | 8592387 |
| infection rate of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia afzelii, borrelia garinii, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in slovenia. | in spring 1993, ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from six regions of slovenia to determine their overall rate of infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and to assess the frequency of individual species in these tick populations. ticks were dissected and midgut tissue inoculated into modified barbour-stoenner-kelly (bsk ii) medium. borrelia isolates were differentiated into separate species using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers and by large restriction fragment ... | 1995 | 8654451 |
| [lyme disease--neuroborreliosis]. | lyme disease is an infective disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus. the disease usually has three stages whereas the last, because of domination of neurologic symptomatology is called "neuroborreliosis". this is a case report of a female patient with neuroborreliosis in whom, due to lack of symptoms and signs which characterize the first stage of lyme disease as well as lack of evidence about the tick, nobody assumed such an etiology. lyme disease was ... | 1995 | 8657067 |
| lyme borreliosis spirochetes in ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) and the varying hare on isolated islands in the baltic, sea. | we investigated isolated ecosystems to determine if lyme borreliosis is maintained in the absence of reservoir-competent small mammals. human cases of lyme disease have been reported on the isolated islands of gotska sandön and stora karlsö in the baltic sea. the varying hare, lepus timidus, is the only terrestrial vertebrate species capable of serving as a host for all stages of ixodes ricinus (l.) on these islands. in august, mean larval infestation on 5 hares from each island was 548 with a m ... | 1996 | 8667378 |
| prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in european bison (bison bonasus) from białowieza primeval forest. | to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in european bison from białowieza primeval forest, a total of 79 serum samples were collected from april 1989 until december 1994. specific antibodies to b. burgdorferi antigen were assayed using inhibition elisa. borrelia antibodies were possibly present in 16.4% of examined bisons (inhibition between 20 and 30%). however, higher level of antibodies, over 30% of inhibition, was found only in two animals: no. 382 and no. 273 (2.5% ... | 1996 | 8673795 |
| unknown species of rickettsiae isolated from ixodes ricinus tick in wałcz. | ticks ixodes ricinus have been harvested in park down-town wałcz in june 1994. presence of borrelia burgdorferi and rickettsiae has been tested with pcr. b. burgdorferi and coxiella burnetii have not been detected in any tick whereas characteristic for other rickettsiae dna fragment of gene encoding citrate-synthase has been found. bacterial strain has been cultured from the tick. biochemical properties of isolated strain has strongly suggested that these bacteria belong to genus bartonella (roc ... | 1996 | 8673798 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in ixodes ricinus in sweden. | between 1988-1991, a total of 3,141 ixodes ricinus ticks, 2,740 adults and 401 nymphs, was collected from different localities in 23 of the 25 provinces of sweden. the ticks were identified, dissected and examined for the presence of borrelia spirochetes. indirect immunofluorescence was performed, using an antiserum obtained from rabbits, immunized with sonicated, whole borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks. borrelia-positive i. ricinus were found in all 23 ... | 1995 | 8685640 |
| characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes in archived european ticks. | to determine whether the characteristics of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) in europe may have changed during the past century, dna was amplified from archived ixodes ricinus ticks. tick dna could be amplified, even when ticks had been stored under museum conditions for nearly a century. spirochetal dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 6 ticks preserved for as long as a century; the oldest was collected in 1884. borrelia garinii, which predominates in modern ticks ... | 1996 | 8699081 |
| seasonal variations in density of questing ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs and prevalence of infection with b. burgdorferi s.l. in south central sweden. | seasonal variations in the density of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) nymphs and their prevalence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner were studied during 1991-1993 at a locality in southcentral sweden. the seasonal pattern of the density of questing i. ricinus nymphs was variable; there was a bimodal pattern with peaks of similar magnitude in 1991, a bimodal pattern with a small spring peak and a greater autumn peak in 1992, and a unimodal patter ... | 1996 | 8699453 |
| infection of ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) by borrelia burgdorferi in ile de france. | free-living nymphs and adults from rambouillet and fontainebleau, 2 major forests of ile de france, were collected to determine the infection rates of ixodes ricinus l. by borrelia burgdorferi (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner). field-collected i. ricinus nymphs and adults were screened for the presence of b. burgdorferi using direct fluorescent antibody assay. the infection rates of nymph, male and female were 12.4% (314), 2.8% (35), and 2.9% (34). no difference in infection rates o ... | 1996 | 8699470 |
| identification of four genomic groups of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a lyme borreliosis endemic region of northern croatia. | we investigated the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a lyme borreliosis (lb) endemic region of northern croatia. ticks (n = 124) were collected at five locations and analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a dna fragment from the internal transcribed spacer (its2) of i. ricinus was detected in all tick lysates, indicating that pcr inhibitors were not present. borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna was detected in 56 out of 124 ticks (45%). fo ... | 1996 | 8746131 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by pcr in questing ixodes ricinus larvae from the dutch north sea island of ameland. | in may 1995, 61 ixodes ricinus larvae were collected from vegetation on the dutch north sea island of ameland. fifty-seven lysates (94%) were analysed for the presence of borrelia dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which amplified the intergenic spacer region between the 5s and 23s rrna genes. three samples (5%) were positive and hybridization of the pcr product to genomic group-specific probes revealed that two larvae were infected with borrelia afzelii and group vs116, respectively an ... | 1996 | 8771771 |
| molecular characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from slovenia revealing significant differences between tick and human isolates. | one hundred twenty-nine slovenian isolates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato derived from patients (69 strains) or ixodes ricinus ticks (60 strains) were characterized. all of the strains were first- or second-passage isolates obtained in 1992 and 1993 from the same endemic region. the techniques used for the molecular analysis of strains included species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic separation of undigested and mlui-digested genomic dna. ... | 1996 | 8781883 |
| molecular polymorphism of the lyme disease agent borrelia garinii in northern europe is influenced by a novel enzootic borrelia focus in the north atlantic. | lyme disease borrelia species are distributed in temperate areas of north america and eurasia. to elucidate the distribution of borreliae in subarctic regions, strains isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes uriae ticks found on islands in the northern atlantic and baltic sea were molecularly characterized. all isolates were verified as borrelia garinii by 16s rrna gene analysis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies specific for the outer surface proteins a and c. three ribotypes (rts) o ... | 1996 | 8789017 |
| ultrastructural localization of a sialic acid-specific hemolymph lectin in the hemocytes and other tissues of the hard tick ixodes ricinus (acari; chelicerata). | lectins have been suggested to function as pattern-recognition molecules in invertebrate immune mechanisms. a lectin from the hemolymph of the tick ixodes ricinus with main specificity for sialic acid was characterized and antibodies directed against this lectin were prepared. in this study, these antibodies were used to localize the lectin in the tissues of i. ricinus. immunoreactivity with poly- and monoclonal antibodies was detected in the granules of both types of granular hemocytes, at the ... | 1996 | 8801552 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from ixodes ricinus in mecklenburg-vorpommern, germany. | epidemiological studies in mecklenburg-vorpommern have shown a high prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks. a total of 17 b. burgdorferi sensu lato strains were isolated from ticks and investigated by western blots (immunoblot) with eight monoclonal anti-bodies against different epitopes of the outer surface protein a (ospa). except for one, all strains could be classified using this system. the majority of strains belonged to the b. garinii-associated ospa serotypes 3, 5 and 6. three ... | 1996 | 8811650 |
| mitotic activity of the hemocytes in the tick ixodes ricinus (acari; ixodidae). | the blood cells, or hemocytes, of ixodes ricinus have been shown to recognize, attack, and phagocytose microorganisms invading the body cavity, or hemocoel, of this tick. regulated proliferation and differentiation of hemocytes, also referred to as immunocytes, is basic to an effective immune response to invading microorganisms. therefore, this study dealt with hemopoiesis in i. ricinus, the vector tick of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. histological evidence for the presence o ... | 1996 | 8832731 |
| borreliae in immature ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) ticks parasitizing birds in the czech republic. | of 411 forest birds of 33 species examined near valtice, czech republic, 29% were infested with ixodes ricinus (l.); 2.2% were parasitized by haemaphysalis concinna koch. borreliae were detected in 5.1 and 11.7% of larval and nymphal i. ricinus, respectively. none of the 13 h. concinna tested was infected. in total, 3.2% of the birds examined were parasitized by i. ricinus immatures infected by borreliae. borreliae-containing ticks parasitized european robin, erithacus rubecula (l.); eurasian bl ... | 1996 | 8840682 |
| relationship between ixodes ricinus density and prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes and density of infected ticks. | during 1994-1995 we examined the density of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) nymphs and their prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes at 43 localities in south-central sweden with median nymphal densities ranging from 0.1 to > 50/100 m2. the general pattern was that the infection prevalence in nymphs increased with nymphal density at < 10 nymphs per 100 m2, peaked (20-30%) at 10-20 nymphs per 100 m2, and decreased at higher nymphal densities. a low infection prevalence (7-10%) in nymp ... | 1996 | 8840687 |
| first isolation and characterisation of borrelia garinii, agent of lyme borreliosis, from irish ticks. | nymphal ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of lyme borreliosis, were collected from the edges of paths in muckross demesne, killarney national park, co. kerry, ireland. examination of some of these nymphs by indirect immunofluorescence showed an infection prevalence of 12% with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the spirochaete agent of lyme borreliosis. gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were infected by infesting them with other nymphs from the same batch. subsequently uninfected laboratory larvae wer ... | 1996 | 8867493 |
| a simple method of transmission risk assessment in enzootic foci of lyme borreliosis. | the proposed method consists in examining individual host-seeking vector ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex by microscopy for borreliae and evaluating the proportion of ticks with more than 100 borreliae. the investigations were carried out in a deciduous oak forest habitat in south moravia, czech republic, over four years (1991-1994). in may (i.e., at the peak of seasonal activity of i. ricinus), about 150 nymphal and 200 adult ticks were examined each year. it was found that annual incidence ... | 1996 | 8891535 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in ixodes ricinus (l.) populations in france, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory. | ixodes ricinus is considered as the main vector of lyme borreliosis in france. the aim of our investigations was to obtain a comprehensive view of the spatial risk linked to the distribution of the species in our country. previous studies [1] have provided strong evidence that the species populations are widely distributed, so the objective of the present work was to ascertain the bacteriological infection of the tick by the agent of the zoonosis (borrelia burgdorferi, sensu lato), over the fren ... | 1996 | 8891545 |
| a molecular marker for the identification of the zoonotic reservoirs of lyme borreliosis by analysis of the blood meal in its european vector ixodes ricinus. | the efficacy of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene as a molecular marker for the discrimination of the reservoir host species of the lyme borreliosis spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), in its european vector ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) was determined. degenerate pcr primers were designed which amplified orthologous regions of the cytochrome b gene in several animal species which act as b. burgdorferi s.l. reservoirs and hosts for i. ricinus. pcr products were amp ... | 1996 | 8899988 |
| simultaneous infection of ixodes ricinus nymphs by two borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species: possible implications for clinical manifestations. | 1995 | 8903170 | |
| efficient transmission of borrelia burgdorferi between cofeeding ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | feeding ticks are generally spatially distributed in clusters on vertebrate hosts. to test the effect of clustering on transmission of a tick-borne pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner-infected ixodes ricinus l. nymphs and uninfected i. ricinus larvae were allowed to feed together in retaining chambers on uninfected akr/n mice. engorged infective nymphs dropped off at days 5, 6, and 7, and the 1st infected larvae that fed in the chambers together with the i ... | 1996 | 8906929 |
| tick infestation patterns and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected at a veterinary clinic in germany. | a total of 4803 domestic and wild animals which were presented for examination at a veterinary clinic in north baden, germany over a period of 1 year were examined for tick infestation. a total of 434 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from 175 hosts. ticks found belonged to the species ixodes ricinus (385), ixodes hexagonus (48), and ixodes ventalloi (one). the polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 132 i. ricinus and 21 i. hexagonus for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi. twenty-t ... | 1996 | 8916409 |
| [use of indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks]. | material samples from 40 ticks, including 30 ixodes ricinus and 10 dermacentor reticulatus ticks were tested for presence of borrelia burgdorferi infection with indirect immunofluorescence assay (if) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). sensitivity of pcr in terms of minimum detectable number of in vitro cultivated spirochetes was a reproducible amplification when 50 spirochetes were added to the pcr mixture. the assay sensitivity was lower for b. burgdorferi in ticks and it was estimated on min ... | 1996 | 8927733 |
| [ticks as a reservoir of borrelia burgdorferi and coxiella burnetii on polish terrain]. | the aim of performed studies was to recognize the distribution of coxiella burnetii and borrelia burgdorferi infected ticks in poland. the 1580 ticks infesting animals and humans were collected in different parts of the country. they belonged to ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and argas reflexus species. presence of b burgdorferi and c. burnetii dna in ticks has been sought with polymerase chain reaction test (pcr). b. burgdorferi bacteria have been detected in 12 i. ricinus ticks (0.77% ... | 1996 | 8927734 |
| primary culture of borrelia burgdorferi from ixodes ricinus ticks. | a total of 971 ixodes (i.) ricinus ticks field-collected in may and june 1993 and 1994 in two different geographic regions (middle hesse and lower saxony) were examined for the presence of lyme borreliosis spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) by primary culture using nonselective and selective bsk ii medium. modifications of bsk ii medium with varying concentrations of bovine serum albumin and with rabbit serum being replaced by horse serum were examined for their ability to support gro ... | 1996 | 8946692 |
| characterization of a spotted fever group rickettsia from ixodes ricinus ticks in sweden. | a spotted fever group rickettsia isolated from the common tick, ixodes ricinus, was genetically characterized by pcr and genomic sequencing. this study was performed with nymphal and adult ticks collected in southern and central sweden. i. ricinus is the only north european tick species of medical importance which is regularly collected from humans. no species of the genus rickettsia has previously been found in scandinavian ticks, nor has any case of domestic rickettsial infection in humans or ... | 1997 | 8968916 |
| detection of four species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in the netherlands. | roe deer (capreolus capreolus) were investigated for their value as sentinel animals for lyme borreliosis in the netherlands. serum was obtained from 114 roe deer, and 513 ixodes ricinus, predominantly females (72%), were obtained from 47 animals (41%). the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in a total of 190 ticks, comprising 106 engorged ticks and 84 non-engorged ticks. borrelia dna was detected in 24 engorged ticks (23%) and 26 non-engorged tic ... | 1996 | 8972683 |
| preliminary studies on virus and spirochete accumulation in the cement plug of ixodid ticks. | we provide evidence that tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. are accumulated in the cement plug in the host skin within the first few hours after tick attachment. extirpation of the tick without the cement plug, even very soon after the attachment, did not prevent the transmission by ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus or dermacentor reticulatus to mice. this was within 1 hour in the case of the tbe virus and after 20-22 h of attachment, in the case of borrelia and i. pers ... | 1996 | 9004495 |
| dynamics of borrelia burgdorferi infection in nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks during feeding. | we report the sequential development events of borrelia burgdorferi in histological sections of ixodes ricinus nymphs before, during and after feeding. during the blood meal a decrease of approximately 50% in the number of infected ticks was recorded (eight out of 76, 11%) in comparison with the infection rate of unfed ticks (12 out of 56, 21%). spirochetes were detected in tick salivary glands only after 2 days of attachment. from day 3 until drop-off, the number of infected ticks increased to ... | 1996 | 9022268 |
| a population-based seroepidemiologic study of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and lyme borreliosis on the west coast of sweden. | ehrlichioses are emerging infections in the united states. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are acquired after ixodes ricinus-complex tick bites. an ongoing seroepidemiologic study of the 185 of the 356 permanent residents of the koster islands in sweden was expanded to include ehrlichioses. ehrlichial antibodies were measured by ifa using ehrlichia equi and ehrlichia chaffeensis. borrelia burgdorferi igg elisa-seropositive subjects were confirmed by western blot. ... | 1997 | 9041353 |
| local variations in the distribution and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks. | unfed nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from five locations within the 10,000-ha killarney national park, ireland. the distribution and prevalence of the genomospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the ticks were investigated by pcr amplification of the intergenic spacer region between the 5s and 23s rrna genes and by reverse line blotting with genomospecies-specific oligonucleotide probes. the prevalence of ticks infected with b. burgdorferi sensu lato was significan ... | 1997 | 9055424 |
| the distribution and prevalence of b. burgdorferi genomospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks in ireland. | questing ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from six locations throughout ireland and 638 nymphs, 111 females and 118 males were investigated for infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensulato (s.l.). the total prevalence of b. burgdorferi s.l. in the ticks was determined as 14.9% by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the spacer region of 5s-23s rrna genes. infection prevalence was significantly higher in adult (20.1%) ixodes ricinus compared to nymphs (13.1%). the prevalence of in ... | 1997 | 9062782 |
| tick zoonoses in the southern part of switzerland (canton ticino): occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and rickettsia sp. | the diversity and the distribution of tick species and their infection rates by the pathogenic micro-organism borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis, and rickettsia sp., were studied in canton ticino (the southern part of switzerland). ticks specimens collected from animals and humans were classified and analysed for the presence of both pathogens. in particular, pcr analysis was performed for the detection of borrelia spirochetes in ixodes ricinus and ixodes he ... | 1997 | 9085007 |
| [the evaluation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes distribution in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in selected regions of wielkopolska+ regions by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method]. | ixodes ricinus ticks (total n = 298: 24 nymphs, 156 females and 112 males) collected from vegetation at 7 different sites were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes. detection of spirochaetes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers complementary to chromosomal sequence. borreliae were evident in 73 (24.5%) examined ticks. females were infected in 28.8%, males in 22.0% and nymphs in 8.3%. infection rate in tick population i ... | 1996 | 9132794 |
| spirochetal non-borrelia-microorganism isolated from ixodes ricinus. | spirochetal microorganisms were isolated from female ixodes ricinus in slovakia. morphological, immunochemical and molecular biological analysis showed that the microorganism shared several common antigens with borrelia species while other genetic traits were distinct and not related to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. lyme disease patient's serum contained antibodies reacting with antigens of this microorganism. on the one hand the cross-reacting antigens represent a risk of false positive resu ... | 1996 | 9138313 |
| [preliminary identification of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in eastern slovakia]. | the first finding of spirochetes borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in eastern slovakia pertains to ticks ixodes ricinus collected in the kosice park forest in september 1995. the authors tested 7 strains using immunoblotting with 4 monoclonal antibodies (mab): h9724--specific to the genus borrelia, identifying 41 kda flagellar protein, h5332--specific to ospa protein of b. burgdorferi, j 8.3 and i 17.3 specific to ospa and ospb proteins of b. afzelii. all the strains belong to the genus borrelia ( ... | 1997 | 9162456 |
| the geographical distribution of tick bites and erythema migrans in general practice in the netherlands. | lyme disease is caused by borrelia burgdorferi which is transmitted in europe by the tick ixodes ricinus. erythema migrans is a skin lesion which is pathognomonic of lyme disease. a retrospective study was carried out to determine the geographical distribution of the occurrence of tick bites and erythema migrans in the netherlands and to identify ecological risk factors. | 1997 | 9169184 |
| [ecoepidemiology of lyme borreliosis in the rhône-alps region. distribution, ecological context, relationship to the distribution of ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758)]. | the aim of the study was to precise the geographical repartition of lyme borreliosis in the rhône-alpes district, to describe the ecological characteristics of the areas propitious to the disease, and to verify the vectorial competence of i. ricinus. the cases of lyme disease were located by means of a questionnaire sent to 1156 physicians. the vector role of i. ricinus was studied by two ways: firstly by searching a correlation between the geographical repartition of the tick and that of cases, ... | 1994 | 9235207 |
| unusual manifestations of hypersensitivity after a tick bite: report of two cases. | ticks are able to transmit, through biting, various viral, parasitic, and bacterial diseases, the best known being lyme disease due to borrelia burgdorferi. in addition, ticks may also induce allergic reactions. | 1997 | 9236498 |
| the etiological agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, in ticks (acari:ixodidae) from eastern poland. | in 1994, 4204 out of 4656 ixodes ricinus collected both from vegetation in three different areas and from hunter-killed deer and wild boar in the białystok province (eastern poland) were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi s.i. detection of spirochetes was carried out by the routine indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using polyclonal antibody (anti-b. burgdorferi, strain 1 b 29). b. burgdorferi spirochetes were evident in 349 (8.8%) nymphal and adult i. ricinus co ... | 1997 | 9241805 |
| [present status of lyme borreliosis and characterization of lyme disease borrelia isolated in japan]. | lyme disease is a multisystemic disorder caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato which is carried by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. the agent was discovered in 1982 in north america and the disease is recognized as an emerging infectious diseases in north america and europe. japanese borrelia isolates were characterized by genetic and immunologic analysis. isolates from ixodes ovatus were found to be unique by dna/dna hybridization analysis, restriction fragment length pol ... | 1997 | 9248350 |
| role of grey squirrels and pheasants in the transmission of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme disease spirochaete, in the u.k. | in britain, grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis gmelin) and pheasants (phasianus colchicus linnaeus) are important hosts of larvae and nymphs of ixodes ricinus l., the principal european vector of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. to test whether squirrels are competent hosts of b. burgdorferi s.l., three females were trapped in the wild and then held in captivity. following treatment, each animal was exposed to uninfected xenodiagnostic i. ricinus ticks. squirrel a ... | 1997 | 9269722 |
| population genetic structure of ixodes ricinus in switzerland from allozymic data: no evidence of divergence between nearby sites. | ixodes ricinus is a vector and reservoir of numerous infectious agents, especially borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. in switzerland, its ecology and physiology have been well studied. moreover, the foci of some infectious agents transmitted by this tick are identified. they can display relatively to extremely small geographical size depending on the diseases considered. in order to understand how the gene flows occur and to characterise the genetic structure of ixodes ricinus popu ... | 1997 | 9279578 |
| immunization with a polyvalent ospa vaccine protects mice against ixodes ricinus tick bites infected by borrelia burgdorferi ss, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii. | sequence variability of the outer surface protein (osp) a among borrelia burgdorferi sl species suggests that a monovalent ospa vaccine may not protect against the various borrelia present in eurasia. here, we confirmed that a monovalent recombinant ospa (rospa) vaccine does not protect mice against ixodes ricinus mediated infection with b. burgdorferi ss, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii. however, when mice were vaccinated with a cocktail of various rospa from these three species, they wer ... | 1997 | 9330467 |
| [the prevalence of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari, ixodidae) in the forested areas of gdansk, sopot, and gdynia and their infection rate with borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes]. | data are presented on the variable patterns on the seasonal activity of ixodes ricinus questing on vegetation in 6 study sites in the forested areas of gdańsk, sopot and gdynia in 1993-1995. a total of 8992 specimens collected there show that ticks frequently occupy habitats closely associated with man. out of them 5775 (4328 nymphs, 713 females and 680 males) collected in 1994 and 1995 were examined individually for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis-using i ... | 1997 | 9333838 |
| genetic and phenotypic analysis of borrelia valaisiana sp. nov. (borrelia genomic groups vs116 and m19). | to clarify the taxonomic status of two recently described borrelia genomic groups, groups vs116 and m19, three group vs116 strains and eight group m19 strains isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in switzerland, the netherlands, and the united kingdom were characterized. pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the 5s-23s intergenic spacer amplicon, rrna gene restriction analysis, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting, sodi ... | 1997 | 9336888 |
| vaccination of natural reservoir hosts with recombinant lipidated ospa induces a transmission-blocking immunity against lyme disease spirochaetes associated with high levels of la-2 equivalent antibodies. | as observed in humans, immune responses in naturally infected reservoir hosts of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato rarely target the outer surface proteins (osp) a and b of lyme disease spirochaetes. the absence of protective immunity in such hosts following tick-borne infection allows them to play an effective role in the maintenance of lyme borreliosis in nature. therefore, the question was addressed whether one of the most prominent natural reservoir host species of b. burgdorferi s.l. in europ ... | 1997 | 9364698 |
| [acute borrelia infection. unilateral papillitis as isolated clinical manifestation]. | borrelia burgdorferi is the cause of erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease. ticks like ixodes ricinus are responsible for transmission. frequently, the tick bite is not noticed by the patient. eye manifestations, such as keratoconjunctivitis, scleritis, chronic uveitis, vitritis, chorioretinitis, optic nerve disease, orbital myositis and paresis of the eye muscles, often occur after a long period of time and vary greatly. | 1997 | 9376700 |
| coexistence of ehrlichia phagocytophila and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks from italy as determined by 16s rrna gene sequencing. | 1997 | 9399564 | |
| spatial distribution and seasonality of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in a protected area in the northern apennines. | infestation of small rodents by ixodid ticks and frequency of host-seeking ticks collected by dragging were studied at orecchiella natural park (northern apennines) in 1994 and 1995. levels of infestation of apodemus spp. by immature dermacentor marginatus were higher in beech wood (5.1 larvae and 1.3 nymphs per mouse) than in oak-chestnut wood and in coniferous wood. larval d. marginatus peaked in mid summer, whereas nymphs peaked in late summer. host-seeking haemaphysalis punctata were mostly ... | 1997 | 9419846 |
| transmission cycles of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involving ixodes ricinus and/or i. hexagonus ticks and the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, in suburban and urban areas in switzerland. | the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus linnaeus, 1758, is a common host of ixodes ricinus l. and i. hexagonus leach, vectors of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. to investigate whether hedgehogs are reservoirs for b. burgdorferi, hedgehogs were captured in a suburban area suitable for both tick species and in an urban area where i. ricinus is absent. the infection status of the hedgehogs was determined by xenodiagnosis using i. ricinus and i. hexagonus larvae. i. ... | 1997 | 9437846 |
| [the isolation and results of the study of the protein structure of spirochetes isolated from i. ricinus ticks in byelarus]. | four hundred and eighty ixodes ricinus (278 female and 202 male) samples collected in the natural biotopes of 13 administrative districts in southwest byelarus were studied via dsk-h medium (sigma) inoculation. twenty-four spirochetes isolates (3, 2, 1, and 18 in the brest, gomel, mogilev, and grodno regions, respectively) were obtained on the territory of byelarus. after adapted to the medium, most isolates (as many as 7 x 10(6)-5 x 10(7) microbial cells per ml) in the stationary phase. all the ... | 1997 | 9445994 |
| molecular characterisation of lyme disease borreliae using rapd analysis and 16s rdna sequencing. | here we report the use of random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds) and sequence analysis of the genes encoding for the small subunit ribosomal rna (16s rdna) for the characterisation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains recovered from ixodes ricinus and from lyme disease patients. all strains examined were assigned to the species borrelia garinii. however, both rapds and 16s rdnas revealed a level of genetic variation among the strains which appears higher than expected for a bacterial sp ... | 1997 | 9470245 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomic groups in europe, a review. | the survey is based on a total of 1263 records (738 isolations and 525 molecular dna detections) of five borrelia burgdorferi s.l. genomic groups available from 26 european countries: b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii, b. garinii, b. valaisiana (= vs116) and b. lusitaniae (= potib2). it shows the geographic distribution, the source (ixodid ticks 802 records, fleas 2 records, mosquitoes 2 records, wild mammals 66 records, human patients 391 records) and the association of the genomic group ... | 1997 | 9476827 |
| natural lyme disease cycles maintained via sheep by co-feeding ticks. | we present observational and experimental evidence that cycles of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi s.l., can be maintained by sheep in the virtual absence of alternative hosts. a 2-year field study in upland moorland habitats of northwest uk established that sheep feed up to 80% of larval, > 99% of nymphal and all of the adult female tick (ixodes ricinus) population. infection prevalence of b. burgdorferi in questing ticks reaches over 20%, but amplification of infection occurs ... | 1997 | 9488870 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaete dna in british ticks (argasidae and ixodidae) since the 19th century, assessed by pcr. | the distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme borreliosis agent, was surveyed in british ticks in the collection of the natural history museum, london. alcohol-preserved specimens of eight species of ticks known to attack humans were studied: ixodes ricinus, i. hexagonus, i. uriae, i. trianguliceps, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus sanguineus and argas vespertilionis. the sample comprised all life stages and originated from a wide range of host speci ... | 1998 | 9513944 |
| investigation of haematophagous arthropods for borreliae--summarized data, 1988-1996. | blood-sucking arthropods, collected in south moravia, czech republic, were examined by darkfield microscopy for borreliae from 1988 to 1996. among host-seeking ixodid ticks (8481 ixodes ricinus (l.), 372 dermacentor reticulatus (fabr.), 167 haemaphysalis concinna koch), borreliae were only observed in adult (23.2%), nymphal (17.2%) and larval (6.3%) i. ricinus. the prevalence of borreliae in i. ricinus did not vary considerably among habitats except for lower values in agroecosystems, xerothermi ... | 1998 | 9516997 |
| prevalence rates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks in europe. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes have been found in all examined ixodes ricinus (l.) populations in europe. the overall mean proportions of unfed i. ricinus infected with b. burgdorferi s.l. were 1.9% (range 0-11%), 10.8% (2-43%) and 17.4% (3-58%) for larvae (n = 5699), nymphs (n = 48,804) and adults (n = 41,666), respectively. however, the results varied according to the method used. cultivation in bsk medium is the least sensitive technique (an average of 11% adult ticks found infec ... | 1998 | 9521004 |
| risk of infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for a host in relation to the duration of nymphal ixodes ricinus feeding and the method of tick removal. | the objectives of the present study were to investigate the risk of b. burgdorferi s.1. (bb)-transmission by i. ricinus-nymphs to a host (i) after different periods of feeding, and (ii) with regard to the particular method of tick removal. on each of 72 mongolian gerbils 3 tick nymphs taken from a highly infected batch were allowed to feed in a small capsule. feeding ticks were removed 16.7, 28.9, 47.0, and 65.2 hrs post-attachment. in each of these 4 groups 3 sub-groups with 6 gerbils each were ... | 1998 | 9532263 |
| competence of pheasants as reservoirs for lyme disease spirochetes. | pheasants, phasianus colchicus l., constitute a major part of the ground-feeding avifauna of england and wales and are important hosts to immature stages of ixodes ricinus l., the principal tick vector of lyme borreliosis spirochetes in europe. therefore, their competence as hosts for borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, steigerwalt & brenner sensu lato was investigated. one group of pheasants was inoculated by needle with 1 x 10(6) cultured b. burgdorferi s.s. organisms, and a 2nd group of bir ... | 1998 | 9542349 |
| differential transmission of the genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in england. | the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in a focus of lyme borreliosis in southern britain dominated by game birds. ticks, rodents, and pheasants were analyzed for spirochete infections by pcr-targeting the 23s-5s rrna genes, followed by genotyping by the reverse line blot method. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks, three genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato were detected, with the highest prevalences found for borrelia garinii and borrelia valaisiana. b. burgdorf ... | 1998 | 9546150 |
| [prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in ixodes ricinus ticks at urban and suburban forest habitats]. | the aim of this preliminary study was to estimate the risk of infection of ixodes ricinus ticks by the agent of lyme disease--borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (acari: ixodidae). ticks were collected from the vegetation during may--august 1996 at two different forest habitats: dziekanów leśny near warsaw and lasek bielański in warsaw. prevalence of b. burgdorferi infection of the nymphs and adults ticks was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). tick occurrence duri ... | 1997 | 9562791 |
| [incidence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in ixodes ricinus ticks from a museum collection evaluated by pcr]. | ixodes ricinus ticks (total n = 51:14 larvae, 16 nymphs, 17 females and 11 males) collected at 21 different sites during 1948-1987 were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes. detection of spirochaetes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers complementary to chromosomal sequence. borreliae were found in 3 (3.56%) examined ticks (nymphs) collected at the same site (two in june, 1952 and one in august, 1987). the low number o ... | 1997 | 9562792 |
| identification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in europe. | characterisation at the species level of 142 borrelia isolates obtained from ticks, humans and rodents in western europe was carried out and their geographical distribution was described. borrelia garinii was the predominant species representing 44% of the isolates and b. afzelii and b. burgdorferi sensu stricto constituted 27% and 19% of isolates respectively. b. valaisiana, (formerly group vs116) constituted 10.5% of isolates. some differences in the borrelia species distribution were observed ... | 1998 | 9563195 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks: immunofluorescence assay versus polymerase chain reaction. | immunofluorescence (ifa) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were examined as methods for detecting borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes in unfed ixodes ricinus nymphs. although similar results were produced in some cases, a great deal of variation occurred. furthermore, in both the highly controlled initial laboratory study, involving 252 shared samples, and the study on field-collected ticks (n = 460), the ifa tended to detect more infected ticks than the pcr. the basis for these findi ... | 1998 | 9563196 |
| first characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from ticks and skin biopsy in bulgaria. | lyme borreliosis is the most frequent tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. here we describe the first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in bulgaria: the midguts of 47 ixodes ricinus obtained by flagging from the central park in sofia, bulgaria were cultivated for borreliae in bsk medium. the eight isolates obtained from the ticks and one skin isolate from a bulgarian patient with erythema migrans were subjected to phenotypic [outer surface protein a (ospa) serotyping] and ge ... | 1998 | 9574899 |
| seasonal variation in the role of grey squirrels as hosts of ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochaete, in a british woodland. | data are presented on the variable patterns of the seasonal dynamics of ixodes ricinus l. ticks seen questing on the vegetation and feeding on small rodents (mice and voles) and squirrels within a british woodland focus of lyme borreliosis. information on tick infestation levels on pheasants is also presented. the results show a prolonged, unimodal pattern of tick activity, with ticks feeding throughout the year in this sheltered habitat. if host density is taken into account, squirrels are quan ... | 1995 | 9599431 |
| epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of lyme borrelliosis in northwest croatia. | investigated were the epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of lyme borreliosis in northwest croatia. in a seroepidemiologic study, human sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa), and ten out of 134 serum samples were positive for b. burgdorferi antibodies. in a seroepizootiologic study, wildlife and domestic animals were tested by inhibition elisa. antibodies to b. burgdorferi were found in nine out of 42 roe deer sera, and in three out of nine hare sera. sera ... | 1998 | 9599811 |
| rate of infection of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii and group vs116 in an endemic focus of lyme disease in italy. | a study to evaluate the natural rate of infection of ixodes ricinus with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was carried out in an endemic focus of lyme disease in the trieste area in northern italy. two-hundred and twenty-seven ticks collected in ten different stations were tested individually for the presence of the spirochetes using polymerase chain reaction techniques able to identify both borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and the four genospecies (borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia gari ... | 1998 | 9629972 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in ixodes ricinus in central italy. | 1998 | 9629984 |