| mode of action of tetrahydrolipstatin: a derivative of the naturally occurring lipase inhibitor lipstatin. | tetrahydrolipstatin is a specific lipase inhibitor derived from lipstatin, a lipid produced by streptomyces toxytricini. in addition to pancreatic lipase, it is shown in the present study that tetrahydrolipstatin also inhibits human gastric lipase, carboxyl ester lipase (cholesterol esterase) of pancreatic origin and the closely related bile-salt-stimulated lipase of human milk. it does not inhibit the exocellular lipase from rhizopus arrhizus or a lipase recently isolated from staphylococcus au ... | 1988 | 3167082 |
| primary structure of a non-secretory ribonuclease from bovine kidney. | the primary structure of a non-secretory ribonuclease from bovine kidney (rnase k2) was determined. the sequence determined was vpkgltkarwfeiqhiqprllqcnkamsgv nnytqhckpentflhnvfqdvtavcdmpniickngrhnchqspkpvnltqcnfiagrypdc ryhddaqykffivacdppqktdppyhlvpvhldkyf. the sequence homology with human non-secretory rnase, bovine pancreatic rnase, and human secretory rnase are 46, 34.6, and 32.3%, respectively. the bovine kidney rnase has two inserted sequences, a tripeptide at the n-terminus and a heptapep ... | 1988 | 3182769 |
| comparative activities of cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and ofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from bite wounds. | we studied the comparative in vitro activities of 10 oral antimicrobial agents against 147 aerobic and 61 anaerobic bacteria making up species in 13 genera (staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, eikenella corrodens, pasteurella multocida, haemophilus-actinobacillus spp., m-5, ef-4, moraxella spp., flavobacterium iib, bacteroides melaninogenicus, bacteroides spp., fusobacterium spp., and peptostreptococcus spp.) that were isolated from bite wounds. cefuroxime was generally greater than fourfold mo ... | 1988 | 3190202 |
| structure-activity relationship of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1: derivation and characterization of immunologically and biologically active fragments. | toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1), a 22-kilodalton (kda) polypeptide, was proteolyzed by papain, generating three distinct fragments, identified as 16, 12, and 10 kda (based on molecular masses estimated from the predicted amino acid sequence). the nh2-terminal sequence analysis of the fragments indicated that the peptide bonds between tyr-52 and ser-53 and between gly-87 and val-88 were cleaved. functional activity, evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent and inhibition assays, was de ... | 1988 | 3198939 |
| the amino-acid sequence of rabbit cu-zn superoxide dismutase. | the primary structure of cu-zn superoxide dismutase from rabbit liver was investigated. the reduced and s-carboxymethylated enzyme was treated with cyanogen bromide, trypsin or staphylococcus aureus proteinase v8. the resulting peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and sequenced by automated edman degradation. with the exception of the n- and c-terminus the complete sequence was established by means of overlapping peptides. the n-terminus is blocked and thus not susce ... | 1988 | 3214553 |
| the projection structure of alpha-toxin from staphylococcus aureus in human platelet membranes as analyzed by electron microscopy and image processing. | most strains of staphylococcus aureus produce alpha-toxin, a 33-kda membrane active protein which is considered to be an important virulence factor of this bacterium. when alpha-toxin interacts with membranes an oligomeric from of the toxin can be seen by electron microscopy as characteristic ring structures in the membrane. a two-dimensional study of these annular structures, incorporated in membranes of human platelets, was performed, introducing a partly new method for rotational alignment of ... | 1988 | 3225479 |
| the effect of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a on proliferation of lymphoid and nerve cells. | the effects of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a (sea) on proliferative activities of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, b-lymphoma cells of the namalva line, and nerve cells of the pc12 line have been studied. it has been shown that sea affects these cells in identical ways, producing either a mitogenic or an antiproliferative effect. studies on the dynamics of cellular responses to the action of sea have demonstrated that the effects of the toxin are mediated by its interaction with differe ... | 1988 | 3233148 |
| inhibition of the proliferative response of human b lymphocytes to b cell growth factor by transforming growth factor-beta. | the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) on the proliferative response of human b cells to the low molecular weight b cell growth factor (bcgf) have been investigated in this study. it was found that tgf-beta, at picomolar concentrations, strongly inhibited the bcgf-induced proliferation of anti-mu chain or staphylococcus aureus cowan i-activated human b cells and also of a bcgf-dependent cell line derived from a human lymphocytic nodular lymphoma. this inhibitory effect was det ... | 1988 | 3257917 |
| inhibitory effect of anti-class ii antibodies on human b-cell activation. | the role of class ii antigens for b-cell activation was analyzed using purified human b cells and anti-class ii monoclonal antibodies. the stimulation of purified b cells with staphylococcus aureus cowan i induced proliferation and differentiation into immunoglobulin-producing cells in the presence of interleukin-1 and t-cell-derived factors (b-cell growth factor and b-cell differentiation factor). the addition of anti-class ii monoclonal antibodies inhibited b-cell responses. however, anti-clas ... | 1988 | 3258550 |
| production of b cell-stimulating factors by b cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | the production of b cell-stimulating factors (bsf) by b cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) was studied in vitro. b cells from sle patients markedly proliferated and differentiated into ig-producing cells by in vitro culture without any stimulation. the culture supernatant of these b cells contained bsf activity that stimulated staphylococcus aureus cowan i-treated normal b cells to proliferate and differentiate into ig-producing cells. by a percoll gradient density centrif ... | 1988 | 3262675 |
| production of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin by human b cell lines and tonsillar b cells. | the production of tnf/cachectin by human b cell lines and tonsillar b cells was examined. of the 15 b cell lines examined, 9 cell lines synthesize tnf mrna constitutively. pma stimulated most cell lines to accumulate increased amounts of tnf. sed, 8866p, 32al, rpmi 1788, and four bone marrow-derived ebv-transformed cell lines accumulated high levels of tnf mrna when stimulated by pma. tnf production by these cell lines was examined. rpmi 1788 and wih8 produced little tnf constitutively, but synt ... | 1988 | 3263462 |
| glucocorticosteroid-dependent synergy between interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 for human b lymphocyte differentiation. | in order to analyze the effects of interleukin (il) 6 on human in vitro ig production b lymphocytes were activated by staphylococcus aureus cowan strain i (sac) in the presence of low concentrations of il2 (1 u/ml) and dexamethasone (10(-7) m). previously we showed that this model of b cell response is completely monocyte dependent. we here demonstrate that, under these experimental conditions, il6 is able to replace monocytes and stimulate ig production provided il1 is also present. dose-effect ... | 1988 | 3265388 |
| estimation of human dose of staphylococcal enterotoxin a from a large outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning involving chocolate milk. | an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a school district in the united states was determined to be staphylococcal food poisoning due to 2% chocolate milk containing staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea). twelve one-half pint (approx 0.28 l) cartons of the 2% chocolate milk from this outbreak were analyzed for the quantity of sea present in the milk. the amount of sea in the cartons varied from 94 to 184 ng with the average being 144 ng (mean = 139 +/- 45). the attack rate for vomiting among those who co ... | 1988 | 3275329 |
| generation of biologically active interleukin-1 beta by proteolytic cleavage of the inactive precursor. | interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) is derived from an inactive precursor by proteolytic cleavage. to study il-1 beta processing, we expressed the precursor in escherichia coli, partially purified it, and used it as a substrate for various potentially relevant protease preparations. the precursor alone was virtually inactive, but incubation with membranes from human monocytes or myeloid cell lines yielded a 500-fold increase in il-1 bioactivity. western blot analysis of the incubated material showed ... | 1988 | 3288634 |
| human apolipoprotein b-100 heparin-binding sites. | seven distinct heparin-binding sites have been demonstrated on human apolipoprotein (apo) b-100 by using a combination of digestion with cyanogen bromide or staphylococcus aureus v-8 protease and heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. based on fragment analysis, the approximate boundaries of the seven binding sites are as follows: site a, residues 5-99; site b, residues 205-279; site c, residues 875-932; site d, residues 2016-2151; site e, residues 3134-3209; site f, 3356-3489; and site g, r ... | 1987 | 3301850 |
| neutrophil activation after burn injury: contributions of the classic complement pathway and of endotoxin. | we attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of neutrophil (pmn) activation after burn injury. we previously reported prolonged elevations of pmn cell surface complement (c) opsonin receptor levels after burn trauma with a corresponding period of depressed pmn chemotaxis to c5a, which suggests that the c product, c5a, was responsible for pmn activation. however, a lack of direct correlation of c activation with c receptor levels soon after injury raised the possibility of a second pmn-activating subst ... | 1987 | 3307005 |
| proteolysis and deglycosylation of human c1 inhibitor. effect on functional properties. | the effects of proteolysis and deglycosylation on c1 inhibitor (c1inh) were tested with respect to both its ability to form complexes with c1s and its capacity to block c1 autoactivation. limited proteolysis of c1inh by staphylococcus aureus v8 proteinase, proline-specific endopeptidase or elastase generated a major high-mr (approximately 86,000) fragment. in contrast with the fragment produced by elastase, which was inactive, the fragments resulting from v8 proteinase and proline-specific endop ... | 1987 | 3311024 |
| nonpurulent response to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing staphylococcus aureus. relationship to toxin-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor. | infection of surgical wounds with toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1)-producing staphylococcus aureus does not usually elicit a purulent response from the host. because s. aureus is normally a pyogenic pathogen, this phenomenon suggests that strains of staphylococci that produce the exotoxin are able to inhibit the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) to sites of infection. we have considered that inhibition of leukocyte migration may be an effect of secreted tsst-1 and have studie ... | 1988 | 3339245 |
| staphylococcal alpha toxin promotes blood coagulation via attack on human platelets. | staphylococcus aureus plays a major role as a bacterial pathogen in human medicine, causing diseases that range from superficial skin and wound to systemic nosocomial infections . the majority of s. aureus strains produces a toxin, a proteinaceous exotoxin whose hemolytic, dermonecrotic, and lethal properties have long been known (1-6). the toxin is secreted as a single- chained, nonglycosylated polypeptide with a m(r) of 3.4 x 10(4) (7, 8). the protein spontaneously binds to lipid monolayers an ... | 1988 | 3411289 |
| protein a vectorized toxins--ii. preparation and "in vitro" cytotoxic effect of protein a-ricin a chain conjugate on antibody coated human tumour cells. | protein a of staphylococcus aureus was covalently bound to reduced ricin a chain toxin by n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. the conjugate consisting mainly of one molecule of protein a bound to two molecules of a chains (mr 107,000) was purified by tandem affinity chromatography on cona-sepharose 4b and igg-sepharose 4b. the purified protein a-a chain conjugate was able to bind and kill human lymphoma cells coated either with monoclonal mouse igg2a anti-kappa antibody or with polyclo ... | 1988 | 3412331 |
| management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with aids. | a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is described, as well as the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of the disease. in july 1987 a 38-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital because of confusion, disorientation, and headache. his medical history was notable for a positive human immunodeficiency virus test. culture of the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for cryptococcus n ... | 1988 | 3416573 |
| characterization and amino acid sequence of a fatty acid-binding protein from human heart. | the complete amino acid sequence of a fatty acid-binding protein from human heart was determined by automated edman degradation of cnbr, bnps-skatole [3'-bromo-3-methyl-2-(2-nitrobenzenesulphenyl)indolenine], hydroxylamine, staphylococcus aureus v8 proteinase, tryptic and chymotryptic peptides, and by digestion of the protein with carboxypeptidase a. the sequence of the blocked n-terminal tryptic peptide from citraconylated protein was determined by collisionally induced decomposition mass spect ... | 1988 | 3421901 |
| degradation of elastin by a cysteine proteinase from staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is known to produce three very active extracellular proteinases. one of these enzymes, a cysteine proteinase, after purification to homogeneity was found to degrade insoluble bovine lung elastin at a rate comparable to human neutrophil elastase. this enzyme had no detectable activity against a range of synthetic substrates normally utilized by elastase, chymotrypsin, or trypsin-like proteinases. however, it did hydrolyze the synthetic substrate carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-leu ... | 1988 | 3422637 |
| the role of plasmids in opsonin-independent staphylococcus aureus-leukocyte interactions. | the opsonin-independent phagocytic and bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by two staphylococcus aureus strains and their variants with differing plasmid patterns was investigated. interactions between staphylococci and phagocytes were evaluated by chemiluminescence and intracellular killing tests. the results obtained indicate that the presence or absence of certain plasmids can modify staphylococcal phagocytosis and their susceptibility to intracellular killi ... | 1987 | 3425035 |
| in vitro and ex vivo influence of rifamycins on human phagocytes. | we studied the effects of rifamycin sv, rifampicin and rifapentine on human phagocyte functions. rifamycins inhibited in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis in the range of their therapeutic levels, and they significantly affected the survival of a rifamycin-sensitive strain of staphylococcus aureus inside human monocytes. both effects were related to the intraphagocytic penetration of these antibiotics. for the ex vivo studies, 600 mg of rifampicin were orally administered to five subjects with defecti ... | 1987 | 3435923 |
| protective activity of two human intravenous immunoglobulin preparations in experimental infection with an encapsulated staphylococcus aureus strain. | the protective effect of two different human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use and one specific staphylococcal immunoglobulin for intramuscular application were compared in mice infected with the capsular staphylococcus aureus smith strain. immunovenin is produced by partial fragmentation of igg with plasmin; it contains about 60% intact igg and 40% fab and fc fragments. immunovenin-intact is produced by a polyethylene glycol (mol wt 6000) fractionation method followed by ion excha ... | 1987 | 3439436 |
| [animal experiment studies on the modification of the immune system by ofloxacin]. | ofloxacin, one of the new group of quinolone antibiotics, was investigated with respect to its possible interactions with different parameters of the immune system. the study was performed in vivo on balb/c-mice treated for seven days with different doses of the antibiotic and in vitro on human phagocytes from peripheral blood. it was found that ofloxacin does not affect cellular or humoral immune responses in mice. moreover, human phagocytic cells exposed in vitro even to high concentrations of ... | 1986 | 3456983 |
| autophosphorylation of the protein kinase dependent on double-stranded rna. | the double-stranded rna (dsrna)-dependent protein kinase (p68 kinase) from interferon-treated human cell is a mr 68,000 protein induced by interferon. by the use of a specific monoclonal antibody, we have been able to study the two distinct protein kinase activities characteristic of purified p68 kinase. the first activity is functional for endogenous phosphorylation of the enzyme (p68 kinase), whereas the second one is responsible for the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates such as eukaryot ... | 1987 | 3479429 |
| human peripheral blood b lymphocyte subpopulations: functional and phenotypic analysis of surface igd positive and negative subsets. | highly purified human peripheral blood b cells stimulated with cowan i staphylococcus aureus (sa) and mitogen-activated t cell supernatants (t supt) generated large numbers of immunoglobulin (ig)-secreting cells (isc), whereas fewer isc developed in cultures containing t supt in the absence of sa. to determine whether surface ig isotype expression defined responsive b cell subsets, igd+ and igd- b cells were prepared with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. whereas both the igd+ and igd- b c ... | 1986 | 3484392 |
| sequential chromosome abnormalities in b cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a study of 13 cases. | the chromosomal constitution of stimulated lymphocytes in 13 patients with b cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) were sequentially examined using polyclonal b cell activators (pba), i.e., epstein-barr virus (ebv), lipopolysaccharide w from e. coli (lps), pokeweed mitogen (pwm), and protein a from staphylococcus aureus (pa). of the 11 patients (44 samplings) with abnormal clones, 2 patients had only trisomy 12, 6 patients had trisomy 12 plus other clonal abnormalities, such as +8, +9, +16, ... | 1986 | 3484671 |
| implications for the role of cognate interactions in in vitro human b cell activation by staphylococcus aureus cowan i and pokeweed mitogen. | human b cell-triggering mechanisms were investigated using the polyclonal activators staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). when the cultures of b cells, t cells, and monocytes were stimulated for 5 d by sac or pwm, b cells could be activated by both mitogens to proliferate and secrete ig. even when t cells were substituted by t cell-derived soluble factors, sac-stimulated b cells could differentiate into ig-secreting cells. in contrast, interactions of b and t cells for ... | 1986 | 3484752 |
| morphological studies on plasma cell differentiation induced by staphylococcus aureus cowan i strain in human peripheral blood b-lymphocytes. | | 1986 | 3486541 |
| activation of human b cells: involvement of surface immunoglobulin as evidenced by two biochemically distinct types of response to staphylococcus aureus. | if activation of human b cells by staphylococcus aureus proceeds through interaction of surface immunoglobulin with staphylococcal protein a, then immunoglobulins should be produced that are capable of binding to protein a as a consequence of such stimulation. in the present report it is shown that two biochemically distinct types of response to s. aureus are demonstrable in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. two types of igm are produced: igm capable of binding to protein a, and igm that does ... | 1986 | 3486859 |
| staphylococcus aureus cowan i. potent stimulus of immunoglobulin m rheumatoid factor production. | these studies demonstrate that staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac), a protein a-positive staphylococcal strain, is a potent and consistent inducer of igm rheumatoid factor production by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. the frequency and magnitude of this response greatly exceeded that of parallel cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or the protein a-negative s. aureus wood strain, although all three agents induced a similar amount of total igm. cell fractionation studies ind ... | 1986 | 3489006 |
| amino acid sequence of the von willebrand factor-binding domain of platelet membrane glycoprotein ib. | we report the amino acid sequence of a 299-residue segment from the alpha chain of the human platelet membrane glycoprotein ib. this includes the complete sequence of the amino-terminal tryptic fragment of 290 residues comprising the von willebrand factor-binding domain. two primary sets of overlapping fragments were obtained by cleavage of the s-carboxymethylated protein at methionyl and lysyl bonds following treatment with cyanogen bromide and achromobacter protease i, respectively. additional ... | 1987 | 3497398 |
| 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 inhibits proliferative response of t- and b-lymphocytes in a serum-free culture. | the contribution of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 to the proliferative response of human b- and t-lymphocytes was examined in a serum-free culture, in which b-cells were stimulated with staphylococcus aureus cowan i, and t-cells with phytohemagglutinin, respectively. 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 inhibited mitogen-induced b-cell proliferation at a dose of 10(-7) m (p less than 0.01). t-cell proliferation was inhibited at the lower dose range between 10(-9) m and 10(-7) m. thus, although 1 alp ... | 1987 | 3500924 |
| abilities of human oligodendroglial cells and mouse schwann cells to phagocytose mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria. | human oligodendroglial kg-1-c cells derived from human cerebral mixed glioma and mouse schwann cells derived from dorsal root ganglion were studied with respect to their abilities to phagocytose various mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium leprae, and other microorganisms. kg-1-c cells phagocytosed m. leprae at a markedly higher rate than balb/3t3, bhk 21, hela s3, mks-a tu-7, xc, tsv-5, n-18, and schwann cells but at a lower rate than peritoneal macrophages. schwann cells also exhibited subst ... | 1986 | 3510165 |
| induction of c-myc expression in human b lymphocytes by b-cell growth factor and anti-immunoglobulin. | purified human b lymphocytes were examined for transcriptional expression of c-myc in response to mitogenic stimulation by the method of in situ hybridization using 35s-labeled dna probes. the level of c-myc expression increased 10- to 20-fold within 2 hr after the addition of anti-mu, formalinized staphylococcus aureus cowan strain i, or b-cell growth factor, as compared to resting b cells. after 72-96 hr of mitogenic stimulation, c-myc expression remained elevated 5-fold, but expression among ... | 1986 | 3513176 |
| [microbiologic findings in nephrology]. | infections of the urinary tract belong to the most frequently encountered bacterial diseases of man. up to 20% of urinary tract infections take a chronic course and thus give rise for complications. culture and identification of microorganisms as well as susceptibility testing are an essential part of the diagnostic procedures and give a basis for specific treatment. bacteriological reports have an increasing importance also for the physician in private practice, since therapy failures and compl ... | 1986 | 3515774 |
| the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 on in vitro immunoglobulin production in human b cells. | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25(oh)2d3) dose-dependently suppressed immunoglobulin (ig) production of human b cells, as evaluated by igg-plaque-forming cells (igg-pfc) in the culture of pokeweed mitogen (pwm)-activated b cells. similar suppressive effect of 1,25(oh)2d3 on ig production of b cells was observed in the staphylococcus aureus cowan i(sac)-induced ig-producing system. the mean percentage of inhibitions at a concentration of 10(-9) m were 60.0 +/- 8.2% (mean +/- se, n = 6) and 65.1 +/- ... | 1986 | 3519769 |
| bactericidal action of eosinophils from normal human blood. | the ability of normal human eosinophils to ingest and kill staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli was investigated and compared with the reactions shown by neutrophils from the same donors. the rate of phagocytosis of s. aureus by eosinophils was 50% of that shown by neutrophils. unlike neutrophils, eosinophils were not able to kill ingested s. aureus at low bacterium/phagocyte ratios. the degree of s. aureus killing increased with increasing ratios, being equal to that of neutrophils when b ... | 1986 | 3522428 |
| microbial filtrates activate granulocytes without complement or prostaglandins. | cardiorespiratory dysfunction in sepsis may be mediated by circulating complement, activated leukocytes, prostaglandins, or by a direct effect of endotoxin. the purposes of this study were to determine if pathogenic microbes produce these substances and to evaluate the direct effects of substances released by micro-organisms on granulocyte aggregation (ga). escherichia coli, (e. coli), aeromonas hydrophila (aeromonas h.), staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), and candida albicans, (candida a.) were ... | 1986 | 3524892 |
| rapid method for the detection of group b streptococci from human sources. | a modification of the classical camp test has been devised for the rapid detection of streptococci of serological group b from human sources. the method was compared with detection based on the development of orange pigmented colonies on a starch-based medium and with detection by conventional methods. in a survey of vaginal carriage of group b streptococci in parturient women, the modified camp test detected a carriage rate of 13.09%, the starch-based, pigment enhancing medium, 5.76% and the co ... | 1986 | 3536831 |
| effect of ciprofloxacin on intracellular organisms: in-vitro and in-vivo studies. | ciprofloxacin is taken up rapidly by both human neutrophils and mouse peritoneal macrophages. it does not appear to be bound firmly within the cell and can be eluted readily if the extracellular concentration is lowered. uptake does not depend on an active transport mechanism. intracellular ciprofloxacin is biologically active reducing the survival of intracellular staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium fortuitum, in vitro. in vivo, ciprofloxacin was effective in treating a murine systemic infe ... | 1986 | 3542948 |
| monosaccharide inhibition of staphylococcus aureus adherence to human solid-phase fibronectin. | | 1987 | 3559279 |
| [staphylococcal infection after intramuscular injection]. | a 74-year-old woman and a 68-year-old man admitted to hospital for backache and somnolence both showed growth of staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures. one patient died from septic shock. in both patients septicemia was secondary to a gluteal abscess after intramuscular injection of antirheumatic drugs. diagnosis was particularly difficult due to lack of local signs. local pain hardly differed from that of the original "rheumatic" backache. the literature is reviewed and diagnosis and treatmen ... | 1987 | 3563455 |
| [effect of rifampicin, lincomycin and staphylococcal vaccine on the beta-lysin activity of the blood serum of animals infected with staphylococcus]. | changes in activity of beta-lysins in blood serum were studied in the time course on albino mice infected with staphylococci and treated with rifampicin, lincomycin and inactivated staphylococcal vaccine administered in combination or alone. it was shown that staphylococcal infection lowered activity of the serum beta-lysins in the animals and therapeutic use of inactivated staphylococcal vaccine stimulated beta-lysin activity. therapeutic use of rifampicin or lincomycin under the same condition ... | 1987 | 3566229 |
| staphylococcus aureus-stimulated human mononuclear leucocyte-conditioned medium augments the basal and stimuli-induced neutrophil respiratory burst and degranulation. | culture medium conditioned by mononuclear leucocytes (mnl) stimulated by formalin-fixed heat-killed staphylococcus aureus (scm) modulated a number of neutrophil functions. the scm inhibited the locomotion of human neutrophils in both the presence and absence of a chemotactic gradient generated with n-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fmlp). it also stimulated the oxygen-dependent respiratory burst as assessed by its ability to stimulate basal h2o2, superoxide and chemiluminescence pro ... | 1987 | 3570357 |
| efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection: endocarditis, meningitis, and pneumonia. | animal models of infection are very useful tools for identifying those situations in which antibacterial drugs, including the quinolones, may play special roles, i.e., for positioning a drug correctly for its role in the treatment of human disease. ciprofloxacin has been studied extensively in discriminative animal models of infection, and its efficacy in the treatment of these infections has been compared with that of standard therapy. in a rabbit model of staphylococcal endocarditis, ciproflox ... | 1987 | 3578331 |
| immunoultrastructural studies of human nk cells: ii. effector-target cell binding and phagocytosis. | the binding of nk cells to a target cell appears to be a necessary step for nk cell-mediated cytolysis. in this report, we demonstrated effector-target binding by immunoelectron microscopy by using monoclonal antibodies against nk cells (leu-7, leu-11a) and t-cell subsets (leu-2a/t8, leu-3a/t4). the surfaces of nk and k562 cells were characterized by antitransferrin receptor antibody and various lectins. in addition, the controversial phagocytic activity of nk cells was studied by incubation of ... | 1987 | 3578843 |
| [stimulation of the respiratory burst of the neutrophils from healthy subjects by different staphylococcus aureus concentrations]. | preopsonized live and heat-killed s. aureus stimulated, without the washing of serum, the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils obtained from healthy donors. the intensity of chemiluminescence was evaluated by the index of stimulation with staphylococci, with due consideration for their concentration. with the microbe/phagocyte ratio equal to 10:1, these indices had the maximum values when both live and killed staphylococci were used. at high concentrations of staphylococci, e ... | 1987 | 3591126 |
| antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, desacetylcefotaxime, and cefotaxime-desacetylcefotaxime in the presence of human serum. | eighty-seven organisms were tested against ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, desacetylcefotaxime, and the combination of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime (1:1 ratio) in broth containing 0, 25, or 50% human serum. in the presence of human serum, ceftriaxone mics were four- to eightfold higher than those obtained in broth, changing 98% of staphylococcus aureus strains from the susceptible to the moderately susceptible category and 53% of selected gram-negative strains to a more resistant category. the mi ... | 1987 | 3606081 |
| structural analysis of covalently labeled estrogen receptors by limited proteolysis and monoclonal antibody reactivity. | we have used limited proteolysis of affinity-labeled estrogen receptors (er), coupled with antireceptor antibody immunoreactivity, to assess structural features of er and the relatedness of er from mcf-7 human breast cancer and rat uterine cells. mcf-7 er preparations covalently labeled with [3h]tamoxifen aziridine [( 3h]taz) were treated with trypsin (t), alpha-chymotrypsin (c), or staphylococcus aureus v8 protease prior to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. fluorography revealed a ... | 1987 | 3620450 |
| extracellular products of staphylococcus aureus reversibly inhibit the terminal differentiation of cultured mouse epidermal cells. | the effect of extracellular products from staphylococcus aureus on the differentiation of mouse epidermal cells was studied using an in vitro cell culture system. the extracellular products from a clinical strain of s. aureus isolated from human skin lesions reversibly inhibited the ca++-induced terminal differentiation of epidermal cells, as determined by their morphology and the extent of cornified envelope formation. this suggests that a similar modification of cell differentiation is involve ... | 1987 | 3621366 |
| a simultaneous flow cytometric measurement of neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst in whole blood. | to quantitate phagocytosis and respiratory burst by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns), 1-ml aliquots of human whole blood were incubated with 50 microm dichlorofluorescin diacetate for 10 min at 37 degrees c prior to the addition of texas red-labelled staphylococcus aureus (sa). at 5-min intervals pmns were analyzed by flow cytometry for ingested sa and resultant production of hydrogen peroxide, an oxidative burst metabolite. pmns from infected patients or normals that had been primed for 1 hr ... | 1987 | 3621481 |
| immunosuppressive effects of centipeda periodontii: selective cytotoxicity for lymphocytes and monocytes. | we have examined soluble sonic extracts prepared from several strains of centipeda periodontii for their ability to alter human lymphocyte function. these organisms were isolated from subgingival plaque of patients with periodontal disease. we found that sonicates from several, but not all, strains of c. periodontii caused a dose-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte responsiveness to concanavalin a, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and formalinized staphylococcus aureus. inhibition was associ ... | 1987 | 3653981 |
| prominent igm rheumatoid factor production by human cord blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with staphylococcus aureus cowan i. | we previously reported that staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) is a potent stimulant of igm rheumatoid factor (rf) production by normal adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells. in the current study, we compared the capacity of normal adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cord blood mononuclear cells to produce igm rf. although both populations of cells consistently produced igm rf in response to sac, the quantity of rf produced by cord blood cells (128 +/- 18 ng/ml, mean +/- sem) greatl ... | 1987 | 3655363 |
| activation of the human complement cascade by bacterial cell walls, peptidoglycans, water-soluble peptidoglycan components, and synthetic muramylpeptides--studies on active components and structural requirements. | cell walls isolated from 29 strains of 24 gram-positive bacterial species, whose peptidoglycans belong to the group a type of schleifer and kandler's classification, with one exception (arthrobacter sp.), were shown to activate the complement cascade in pooled fresh human serum mainly through the alternative pathway and partly through the classical one. the complement-activating effect of cell walls (5 species) possessing group b type peptidoglycan, except those of corynebacterium insidiosum, wa ... | 1987 | 3670125 |
| expression of human insulin-like growth factor i in bacteria: use of optimized gene fusion vectors to facilitate protein purification. | several fusions between the gene for human insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) and the genes for different igg-binding fragments of staphylococcal protein a were assembled and compared regarding expression, secretion, and purification of the peptide hormone. after igg affinity purification of the fusion proteins from the growth medium of staphylococcus aureus or escherichia coli, native igf-i was released by cleavage of an asn-gly peptide bond with hydroxylamine. an optimized expression system ... | 1987 | 3676250 |
| a synthetic hemoregulatory peptide (hp5b) inhibits human myelopoietic colony formation (cfu-gm) but not leukocyte phagocytosis in vitro. | a synthetic analog of a hemoregulatory peptide associated with mature human granulocyte (hp5b) has been investigated for inhibitory effects on human myelopoietic stem cells in vitro. in addition, it has been tested for effects on phagocytosis by human granulocytes and monocytes by use of an automatic flow cytometric method. a dose-dependent inhibition of colony formation was found after preincubation of bone marrow cells for 1 h at 37 degrees c in the range 10(7) -10(-11) mol/l. above or below t ... | 1987 | 3678477 |
| the in vitro effects of methotrexate on the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. | the in vitro effect of therapeutic concentrations of methotrexate on the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by circulating human neutrophils was assessed. neutrophils were isolated from whole blood of six healthy human volunteers by density centrifugation and incubated with 10(-3) m methotrexate. staphylococcus aureus was opsonized in human serum and added to the prepared neutrophils. phagocytosis was determined by serial dilutions and plating of unphagocytized bacte ... | 1986 | 3697933 |
| binding of staphylococcus aureus by human serum spreading factor in an in vitro assay. | human serum spreading factor, an animal cell adhesion-promoting glycoprotein, bound staphylococcus aureus in an assay in which association of bacteria to protein-precoated microtiter wells was quantitated. interaction of human serum spreading factor with s. aureus suggests that this protein may play a role in host defenses and in the invasiveness and pathogenicity of microbial infections. | 1986 | 3710583 |
| modulation of igg effector functions by a monovalent fragment of staphylococcal protein a. | the monovalent v-1 fragment of protein a (fspa) with a mol. wt of 13,000 obtained from an u.v. mutant of staphylococcus aureus cowan i strain was proved to be able to modulate significantly some of the effector functions of igg, such as complement fixation, catabolism, attachment to fc receptors and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. moreover fspa-like protein a obtained from the a676 strain is mitogenic and enhances nk activity of human peripheral lymphocytes. the efficiency of fspa ... | 1986 | 3724757 |
| effect of human serum on inhibition of growth of staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial agents. | | 1986 | 3743559 |
| use of a synthetic peptidoglycan-precursor immunogen and its antibodies as a probe of infectious diseases in man. | antibodies to a peptide sequence found in peptidoglycan (pg)- precursors (lys-d-ala-d-ala) have been found in man and their titers are elevated in several human diseases. antibodies in rabbits were elicited by a synthetic immunogen containing these pg-precursor sequences, affinity purified with the precursor linked to sepharose and shown to cross-react with bacterial by-products, such as the high molecular weight soluble peptidoglycan (spg) from staphylococcus aureus, which contain these sequenc ... | 1986 | 3743902 |
| isolation and amino acid sequence of bovine platelet factor 4. | bovine platelet factor 4 was isolated by affinity chromatography using dextran sulfate sepharose and purified by subsequent gel filtration. the complete amino acid sequence of this 88-residue, 9505-da protein was determined by isolation and analysis of the overlapping peptides from tryptic and staphylococcus aureus hydrolysates of reduced, carboxymethylated, and reductive methylated protein. primary structure comparison was made between bovine platelet factor 4, human platelet factor 4, and huma ... | 1986 | 3767377 |
| non-tropical pyomyositis. | pyomyositis occurred in a man who had not been to the tropics. the condition is common in the tropics but most unusual in temperate climates and is nearly always caused by staphylococcus aureus. pyomyositis must be borne in mind in obscure cases of sepsis, as early recognition and treatment are essential to prevent a fatal outcome. | 1986 | 3782487 |
| the pulmonary disposition of theophylline and its influence on human alveolar macrophage bactericidal function. | we studied the pulmonary disposition of theophylline by performing bronchoalveolar lavage on 19 normal, nonsmoking volunteers who had taken theophylline orally for 14 days. in addition, we determined the influence of theophylline on human alveolar macrophage bacterial phagocytosis, intracellular killing, and hydrogen peroxide release. we found a 1:1 relationship between serum and bronchoalveolar lavage theophylline concentrations when lavage fluid concentrations were corrected for saline dilutio ... | 1986 | 3789521 |
| the amino-acid sequence of rat cu-zn superoxide dismutase. | the primary structure of cu-zn superoxide dismutase isolated from rat liver was determined. the enzyme was reduced, carboxymethylated and fragmented by treatment with cyanogen bromide, trypsin or staphylococcus aureus proteinase v8. the resulting peptides were separated by gel filtration or high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced by automated edman degradation. the total sequence of 153 amino-acid residues per subunit was reconstructed from overlapping peptides. rat cu-zn superoxide ... | 1986 | 3790250 |
| role of bacterial exopolymers and host factors on adherence and phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus in foreign body infection. | using a previously developed guinea pig model of foreign body infection, we examined ultrastructural and functional surface alterations of staphylococcus aureus strain wood 46 during the early phase of infection. exopolymer-free bacteria were prepared and inoculated into subcutaneously implanted tissue cages. after three hours, the bacteria showed abundant capsular and intercellular exopolymers, which were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. exopolymers were also produced by s. aureu ... | 1987 | 3805776 |
| toxic shock syndrome. a newly recognized complication of influenza and influenzalike illness. | nine cases of severe hypotension or death compatible with toxic shock syndrome (tss) as a complication of influenza and influenzalike illness were identified in minnesota with onsets between jan 2, 1986, and feb 23, 1986, in which five of the patients died. during this time, an influenza outbreak was occurring in the state. cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight patients; staphylococcus aureus was isolated from all of them. seven s aureus isolates were available for determina ... | 1987 | 3806893 |
| functional differentiation of normal human neutrophils. | in the past differentiation of human neutrophils has been defined by morphology, cytochemistry, or surface markers. in our experiments we have sequenced the various events that occur during the functional differentiation of the normal human neutrophil and have also examined some of the functional properties in relationship to surface markers and biochemical events. granulocytes were obtained from the bone marrow and blood of hematologically normal individuals. cells were separated into different ... | 1987 | 3814822 |
| clinical limitations of in vitro testing of microorganism susceptibility. | general concepts in evaluating the clinical importance of discrepancies between in vitro susceptibility tests of microorganisms and in vivo results are reviewed, and four problematic antibacterial-bacterial combinations are discussed. the three most common in vitro testing systems--agar disk diffusion, agar dilution, and broth dilution--are designed to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of an antimicrobial agent. however, agar and broth systems cannot include all of the biologic v ... | 1987 | 3826085 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic. | using an agar dilution technique we examined the in-vitro activity of sch 34343 against 485 clinical bacterial isolates. ampicillin, mezlocillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin) and gentamicin were used for comparison. sch 34343 exhibited activity against all species tested, excepting pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas species. unlike many newer beta-lactams, sch 34343 was highly active against gram-positive species. it was co ... | 1985 | 3849538 |
| activation of neutrophils by antigen-induced lymphokine, with emphasis on antibody-independent cytotoxicity. | incubation of bovine neutrophils with antigen-stimulated mononuclear cell supernatant (lymphokine) caused an inhibition of neutrophil migration and an enhancement of the neutrophils' ability to adhere to plastic, reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, ingest staphylococcus aureus, and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) against chicken erythrocytes. lymphokine-treated neutrophils also became cytotoxic for chicken, turkey and human erythrocytes in the absence of specific antibody ... | 1985 | 3862726 |
| in vitro activity of ci-934, a quinolone carboxylic acid active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | ci-934 is a totally synthetic difluorinated quinolinecarboxylic acid with an ethyl-amino-methyl pyrrolidine side chain, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, including particular potency directed against streptococci and staphylococci. the ci-934 mic (micrograms per milliliter) for 90% of the strains tested was 0.4 (range, 0.2 to 0.8) for a group of streptococci (pneumococci, viridans streptococci, streptococcus faecalis, and lancefield groups a, b, and c), 0.2 (0.05 to 0.2) for staph ... | 1985 | 3866513 |
| immunoglobulins in the hyperimmunoglobulin e and recurrent infection (job's) syndrome. deficiency of anti-staphylococcus aureus immunoglobulin a. | patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin e and recurrent infection syndrome (hie) characteristically have frequent skin and respiratory infections caused by staphylococcus aureus. we have developed a set of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that use whole s. aureus (wood's strain) immobilized on 0.22-micrometers filters and highly specific, affinity-purified enzyme conjugates of goat anti-human ige, anti-human igd, anti-human igg, anti-human iga, and anti-human igm. these reagents were used to det ... | 1985 | 3871199 |
| role of class ii histocompatibility antigens in staphylococcus aureus protein a-induced activation of human t lymphocytes. | the capacity of peripheral blood monocytes and b lymphocytes to support staphylococcal protein a (spa)-induced proliferation of autologous and allogeneic t cells, as well as the role of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii molecules in this activation process, were investigated. highly purified peripheral t lymphocytes did not proliferate in response to spa, but their response was reconstituted by both irradiated (or mitomycin c-treated) monocytes and b lymphocytes. the effect o ... | 1985 | 3871365 |
| b cell growth factor activity of immunoaffinity-purified and recombinant human interleukin 2. | we investigated the effect of recombinant and affinity-purified human interleukin 2 (il2) on human b cell proliferation. five x 10(4) nonadherent spleen cells that had been depleted twice of t cells were activated by 3-day culture with formaldehyde-killed staphylococcus aureus cowan strain i (sac) prior to addition of tested growth factors. cultures were harvested 72 h later. it was found that both il2 preparations led to optimal cell proliferation compared with a control supernatant obtained by ... | 1985 | 3871701 |
| effects of in vitro corticosteroids on b cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. | the present study demonstrates the graded effect of in vitro corticosteroids (css) on the different phases of b cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. early events such as activation and proliferation of high-dose anti-mu or staphylococcus aureus-stimulated b cells are profoundly suppressed by the presence of in vitro css. the suppressed proliferative response may be mediated by a direct effect on b cells and/or modulation of accessory cell function. later events in the b cell cycl ... | 1985 | 3871795 |
| induction of human interleukin-1 by toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1. | strains of staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome (tss) make a characteristic protein known as toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1), but the role of this protein in the pathogenesis of tss is not certain. we have purified tsst-1 by using a combination of alcohol precipitation, isoelectric focusing, and gel chromatography. tsst-1 has an isoelectric point of 7.2 and a molecular weight of 23,100, in accordance with previously published determinations for this protei ... | 1985 | 3871826 |
| regulation of human b cell activation by prostaglandin e2. suppression of the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. | the role of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) in the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (isc) from human peripheral blood b cells was examined. initial studies demonstrated that monocyte (m phi)-mediated suppression of the generation of isc in staphylococcus aureus (sa)-stimulated cultures was mitigated by indomethacin, and thus suggested that the cyclooxygenase pathway products of arachidonic acid played a role in the regulation of b cell activation. the possibility that pge2, one of the major ... | 1985 | 3872889 |
| interleukin 2-induced proliferation of leukemic human b cells. | the proliferative responses of purified leukemic human b cells from nine b cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias to recombinant interleukin 2 (il-2), spontaneously, and after preactivation by staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) or anti-mu antibodies were studied. three patterns of response were observed: (a) no response (three cases); (b) a moderate spontaneous response enhanced by anti-mu (one case); (c) a high proliferative response after preactivation by anti-mu and/or sac (five cases). il-2 cou ... | 1985 | 3872922 |
| human mononuclear cells exposed to staphylococci rapidly produce an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis. | serum-free cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal volunteers produce an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis when exposed to heat-killed staphylococci. human neutrophils were exposed to 100-fold dilutions of supernatants from 6-hr cultures, washed repeatedly, and assayed for chemotactic responsiveness with a radiolabel assay. dilutions of supernatants from cell cultures exposed to staphylococci resulted in a mean chemotaxis of 856 +/- 83 cpm (n = 21), while that for mediu ... | 1985 | 3874251 |
| [studies of the mechanisms of human b-cell activation. iv. abnormalities at the b-cell level in patients with behçet's disease]. | | 1985 | 3875902 |
| effects of diacetyl diamines on in vitro activation and proliferation of human b lymphocytes. | n,n'-diacetylputrescine (tetramethylenebisacetamide [tmba]) and its six carbon analog, hexamethylenebisacetamide (hmba), inhibited the proliferative response of human b lymphocytes to anti-mu and formalinized cowan i strain staphylococcal aureus (sac) stimulation. in contrast, b cell growth factor-stimulated proliferation of human b cells was minimally inhibited by tmba or hmba. the antiproliferative effect of these diamine derivatives was specific for anti-mu (or sac) activation of normal b cel ... | 1985 | 3877754 |
| detection of c-abl tyrosine kinase activity in vitro permits direct comparison of normal and altered abl gene products. | the v-abl transforming protein p160v-abl and the p210c-abl gene product of the translocated c-abl gene in philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia cells have tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. under similar assay conditions the normal c-abl gene products, murine p150c-abl and human p145c-abl, lacked detectable kinase activity. reaction conditions were modified to identify conditions which would permit the detection of c-abl tyrosine kinase activity. it was found that ... | 1985 | 3879812 |
| comparison of a new cephalosporin, bmy 28142, with other broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics. | bmy 28142, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in comparison with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and cefoperazone. the activity of bmy 28142 compared favorably with the activities of the other compounds against both pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus and was somewhat greater against members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the influence of inoculum size on mics of bmy 28142 was small for most of the isolates tested, except ent ... | 1985 | 3885849 |
| distribution of the major histocompatibility complex antigens in human and rat kidney. | we have compared the distribution of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens in human and rat kidney using monospecific antisera to class i and ii antigens of the mhc. fitc/tritc double immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate these antigens in frozen sections and the staphylococcus aureus cowan i rosette assay on the cell surface. in both species, the mhc antigens were prominently present on the passenger leukocytes. immunofluorescence analysis of human kidney demonstrated that th ... | 1985 | 3892132 |
| colonization of human wounds by escherichia vulneris and escherichia hermannii. | in this report we present clinical descriptions of 12 hawaiian patients from whom escherichia vulneris or e. hermannii strains were isolated. all but two patients had soft-tissue infections with multiple bacteria, particularly staphylococcus aureus. the other two had purulent conjunctivitis associated with s. aureus and infected malignant peritonitis with multiple organisms, respectively. in none of the cases were the escherichia spp. found in abundant quantities or considered pathogenic. in pre ... | 1985 | 3897270 |
| an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal protein a in affinity-purified products. | rabbit antiserum, specific for protein a from staphylococcus aureus, was conjugated to alkaline phosphatase and used in a double antibody solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. the assay was developed to monitor eluate from a large-scale protein a-sepharose affinity column used to purify monoclonal antibodies for human clinical trials. the assay detected soluble protein a in the presence of immunoglobulin at concentrations as low as 4 ng/ml. analysis of the product purified by affinity chromatography r ... | 1985 | 3902970 |
| [hemolytic effect of staphylotoxin]. | low concentrations of staphylotoxin hemolyzed human erythrocytes at 37 degrees following the kinetics of the first order, high concentrations--by means of kinetics of the second order. effect of the toxin was distinctly augmented with increase of temperature above 20 degrees. treatment of erythrocytes with proteolytic enzymes elevated the cell sensitivity to the staphylotoxin. liposomes, containing a mixture of lecithin, cholesterol and/or hydrocortisone as well as the total lipid fraction from ... | 1985 | 3911574 |
| the effects of hypothermia on neutrophil function in vitro. | hypothermia may be associated with compromised host defenses and serious bacterial infections in man. we have examined the effects of moderate hypothermia (29 degrees c) on neutrophil function in vitro. at 29 degrees c, neutrophil phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus was impaired. in contrast, neutrophil killing of streptococcus faecalis was most affected by hypothermia. phagocytosis, as measured by neutrophil ingestion of opsonized oil-red-o-particles, was reduced at 29 degrees c over the 15 m ... | 1985 | 3917485 |
| effect of bacterial products on human ciliary function in vitro. | ciliary activity protects the respiratory tract against inhaled particles, including bacteria, by transporting them trapped in mucus towards the pharynx. we have studied the effect of bacteria (haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) on human nasal cilia, measuring their in vitro ciliary beat frequency by a photometric technique. supernatant fluids were obtained from 18 hour broth cultures by centrifugation alone, by filtration, and by lysis. supernatants obtai ... | 1985 | 3919460 |
| determination of maximal bactericidal activity in human granulocytes. | a conventional in vitro test assay was used to determine maximal bactericidal capabilities of human granulocytes. by means of a mathematical model the maximal phagocytosis and killing activity could be calculated for s. aureus and p. aeruginosa serving as test organisms. the evaluation allowed moreover the determination of the optimal bacterial load and also of critical bacterial concentrations leading to a complete depression of observable granulocyte killing functions. in contrast to other stu ... | 1985 | 3919784 |
| suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by pseudomonas aeruginosa: mediation by pseudomonas-activated suppressor monocytes. | pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to suppress cell-mediated immunity in experimental animals, but recent reports have also demonstrated that there is a strong t-cell response to this bacteria. our studies of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a great variation in the in vitro proliferative response to killed p. aeruginosa, so we examined the interaction of the different mononuclear cells in cultures with this bacteria. p. aeruginosa stimulated the proliferation of t lymphocytes, ... | 1985 | 3922895 |
| the primary structure of rabbit and rat prealbumin and a comparison with the tertiary structure of human prealbumin. | the primary structures of rabbit and rat prealbumin have been determined. the amino acid sequence of rabbit prealbumin was determined by analyses of peptides obtained by trypsin and staphylococcus aureus protease digestions. the rat prealbumin sequence was deduced by analyses of tryptic peptides as well as by nucleotide sequencing of cdna clones. both amino acid sequences contain 127 amino acid residues, the same as human prealbumin. pairwise comparisons show that the three sequences are more th ... | 1985 | 3922975 |
| bacteriological analysis of different foods to determine the fitness for human consumption. | | 1985 | 3923224 |
| cathepsin d precursors in clathrin-coated organelles from human fibroblasts. | coated vesicles were isolated from metabolically labeled human fibroblasts with the aid of affinity-purified antibodies against human brain clathrin and staphylococcus aureus cells. the material adsorbed to the s. aureus cells was enriched in clathrin. when the s. aureus cells bearing the immunoadsorbed material were treated with 0.5% saponin, extracts containing the precursor form of cathepsin d were obtained. the extraction of the precursor was promoted in the presence of mannose 6-phosphate. ... | 1985 | 3928634 |
| pharmacokinetics of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins. | macrolide antibiotics are known to be effective in spite of their low blood levels. this results in an exception to the customary rule of antibiotics evaluation, of judging the in-vivo effect of an antibiotic in terms of blood levels and mics. most efforts to improve blood levels of macrolides have been unsuccessful because of hepatic toxicity. intravenous administration of macrolides has been difficult because of the frequent incidence of severe side effects. in the present paper, the in-vivo d ... | 1985 | 3932301 |