| role of endotoxemia in cardiovascular dysfunction and mortality. escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus challenges in a canine model of human septic shock. | using different types of bacteria and a canine model simulating human septic shock, we investigated the role of endotoxin in cardiovascular dysfunction and mortality. either escherichia coli (a microorganism with endotoxin) or staphylococcus aureus (a microorganism without endotoxin) were placed in an intraperitoneal clot in doses of viable or formalin-killed bacteria. cardiovascular function of conscious animals was studied using simultaneous radionuclide heart scans and thermodilution cardiac ... | 1989 | 2642920 |
| antibody response to staphylococcus aureus surface proteins in rabbits with persistent osteomyelitis after treatment with demineralized bone implants. | a rabbit model was used to study the effect of allogeneic demineralized bone powder (dbp) implants on the persistence of staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. thirty-one rabbits with chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia established by day 21, were started on systemic antibiotics followed by either no additional treatment or debridement plus either dbp (with or without supplemental antibiotics) or supplemental antibiotics only. on day 21, cultures showed a mean of 2 x 10(4) cfu/mg of debrided osseou ... | 1989 | 2643566 |
| postinfluenza toxic shock syndrome. | postinfluenza toxic shock syndrome is a recently described entity that results from a respiratory tract infection with toxin-producing staphylococcus aureus following an episode of influenza or influenzalike illness. this report describes a 19-year-old man who developed an influenza b respiratory infection complicated by staphylococcal pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome. the patient improved rapidly with specific antibiotic therapy, emphasizing the importance of considering this otherwise highly ... | 1989 | 2651040 |
| antibacterial properties of eosinophil major basic protein and eosinophil cationic protein. | we examined the bactericidal activity of two proteins that are abundant in the cytoplasmic granules of human eosinophils, major basic protein (mbp) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp). unlike the human neutrophil's peptide defensins, both mbp and ecp killed stationary phase staphylococcus aureus 502a in a simple nutrient-free buffer solution. although mbp also killed escherichia coli ml-35 with considerable efficacy under these experimental conditions, the in vitro activity of ecp against e. c ... | 1989 | 2656865 |
| fce 22101 and fce 22891: in-vitro antibacterial activity at concentrations simulating human plasma levels following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. | the plasma concentrations of fce 22101 observed following slow intravenous infusions (1 and 4 h), intramuscular injection and after oral administration of the prodrug fce 22891 were simulated in a glass chamber containing bacterial cultures. the bacteria used were staphylococcus aureus atcc 13709, staph. aureus 2101 (methicillin-resistant), streptococcus faecium atcc 8043, escherichia coli atcc 12407, enterobacter cloacae 1321e and ent. cloacae p99 (cefazolin-resistant). addition of fce 22101 wa ... | 1989 | 2659570 |
| major histocompatibility complex protein expression on pancreas and pancreatic islet endocrine cell subsets. | to determine which cells in the human and rat pancreas and islets express class i and ii histocompatibility complex proteins, double indirect immunofluorescence and the staphylococcus aureus rosette method were used. islet preparations used permitted positive endocrine and class i or ii protein identification. class i and ii proteins were expressed in pancreatic vascular endothelium and passenger cells of the mononuclear cell type. antibodies directed to class i or beta 2 microglobulin reacted w ... | 1989 | 2688432 |
| adenosine regulates the respiratory burst of cytokine-triggered human neutrophils adherent to biologic surfaces. | the effect of adenosine on the respiratory burst was investigated using human neutrophils adherent to serum-coated surfaces. adenosine caused complete suppression of the respiratory burst elicited by tnf-alpha, fmlp, or csf for granulocytes; partial suppression of the response to csf for granulocytes/macrophages, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, or uncoated polystyrene surfaces; and no suppression of the response to pma. in most experiments, 4.7 x 10(-7) m and 2.5 ... | 1989 | 2738405 |
| comparative effects of roxithromycin and erythromycin on cellular immune functions in vitro. 3. killing of intracellular staphylococcus aureus by human macrophages. | the in vitro effect of roxithromycin on the bactericidal activity of human macrophages was compared with that of erythromycin. at a concentration of half the mic roxithromycin showed a much more impressive killing capacity on macrophage-ingested live staphylococcus aureus than did erythromycin, under all the experimental conditions used. | 1989 | 2739587 |
| iron depletion alters surface-associated properties of staphylococcus aureus and its association to human neutrophils in chemiluminescence. | staphylococcus aureus nctc 6571 was grown in iron-depleted tryptone soya broth (fe-tsb) to approximate to in vivo conditions, and in iron-rich tsb (fe + tsb). low iron effected a crucial decrease in surface hydrophobicity (sh) and a lack of supernatant protein a (pra). iron availability did not affect pra detection in immunoblotting and it was identified as a 35.5 kda antigen in this strain. fe-phenotypes lacked 34, 48 and 52 kda antigens. in chemiluminescence, fe-phenotypes appeared least vulne ... | 1989 | 2759418 |
| enhancement of antibacterial resistance of neutropenic, bone marrow-suppressed mice by interleukin-1 alpha. | the effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (il-1) on the resistance of normal and bone marrow-suppressed mice against bacterial infection was evaluated. il-1 induced neutrophilia and enhanced the resistance of normal mice against acute, systemic intraperitoneal infection with klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. mice with cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow suppression were neutropenic and exhibited increased susceptibility to infection. treatment of n ... | 1989 | 2783314 |
| human recombinant il-3 stimulates b cell differentiation. | to investigate the role of human il-3 in b cell differentiation, we examined its effect on igg secretion from normal b cells and a b cell line, jda. the effect of il-3 was compared to that of il-6. il-3 stimulated igg secretion from tonsil b cells or peripheral blood-derived b cells activated by staphylococcus aureus cowan i strain. this effect required the presence of il-2. neither b cell growth factor (bcgf) nor ifn-gamma replaced il-2 in this function. il-6 stimulated similar igg secretion fr ... | 1989 | 2784144 |
| the role of interleukin 2 in the regulation of proliferation and igm synthesis of human newborn mononuclear cells. | the effect of interleukin 2 (il-2) on cord blood mononuclear cells (cbmc) was studied, with special reference to b cell function. the study shows that cbmcs proliferate in response to recombinant interleukin 2 (ril-2) without in-vitro preactivation. the response was also detected when whole blood cultures were used. cbmcs not preactivated in vitro proliferated in response to ril-2 even after t cell and monocyte depletion. thus, ril-2 affects both non-t cells and t cells of newborns without preac ... | 1989 | 2784745 |
| production of lymphotoxin by isolated human tonsillar b lymphocytes and b lymphocyte cell lines. | the expression of lymphotoxin (lt) mrna and cytokine in human tonsillar b cells and b cell lines was examined by northern blots and cytotoxicity assays, respectively. in tonsillar b cells, phorbol myristate acetate (pma) or staphylococcus aureus cowan l (sac) alone induced low levels of lt mrna accumulation. however, sac and anti-mu were strongly synergistic with pma in this induction. peak lt mrna expression in tonsillar b cells stimulated by pma plus sac occurred between 48 and 72 h and was ap ... | 1989 | 2786889 |
| identification of cysteine 530 as the covalent attachment site of an affinity-labeling estrogen (ketononestrol aziridine) and antiestrogen (tamoxifen aziridine) in the human estrogen receptor. | radiosequence analysis of peptide fragments of the estrogen receptor (er) from mcf-7 human breast cancer cells has been used to identify cysteine 530 as the site of covalent attachment of an estrogenic affinity label, ketononestrol aziridine (kna), and an antiestrogenic affinity label, tamoxifen aziridine (taz). er from mcf-7 cells was covalently labeled with [3h]taz or [3h]kna and purified to greater than 95% homogeneity by immunoadsorbent chromatography. limit digest peptide fragments, generat ... | 1989 | 2793867 |
| vancomycin during pregnancy: does it cause hearing loss or nephrotoxicity in the infant? | vancomycin was administered intravenously to 10 pregnant women for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections. auditory brainstem response testing and renal function studies were performed on the 10 babies in the experimental group and 10 babies in each of two control groups to determine the safety of vancomycin use during pregnancy. auditory brainstem responses were not normal at birth in six infants from the three different groups studied (n = 30) but were normal a ... | 1989 | 2801848 |
| septic bursitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | septic bursitis is a well described entity in immunocompromised patients. common factors contributing to an immunocompromised state are alcoholism and corticosteroid therapy. we describe 2 patients with staphylococcus aureus olecranon bursitis with evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and no other contributing factors to immunodeficiency. the clinical course in these patients was refractory to conservative management. such a persistent course of septic bursitis, especially in ... | 1989 | 2810264 |
| virulence studies, in mice, of transposon-induced mutants of staphylococcus aureus differing in capsule size. | we used three related strains of staphylococcus aureus to determine whether capsule size influenced bacterial virulence. strain sa1 mucoid elaborated a large capsule demonstrable by transmission electron microscopy (tem). nonmucoid isolates were derived from strain sa1 mucoid by tn551 insertional mutagenesis. by tem, strain jl24 produced a "microcapsule," whereas strain jl25 was unencapsulated. strain sa1 mucoid had a 50% lethal dose for mice greater than 3,000-fold lower than that of strains jl ... | 1987 | 2821124 |
| a series of six ligands for the human formyl peptide receptor: tetrapeptides with high chemotactic potency and efficacy. | we recently isolated, from culture fluids of staphylococcus aureus, a chemotactic peptide that comprised equimolar quantities of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine. it interacted with the formylmethionyl peptide receptor of human leukocytes and had considerably higher potency and efficacy than the widely studied tripeptide agonist fmet-leu-phe. on the assumption that the attractant was a formylmethionyl tetrapeptide, we synthesized the six possible sequences and tested the produc ... | 1987 | 2825171 |
| differential mechanism for differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting cells in human resting b lymphocyte subsets isolated on the basis of cell density. | we have investigated differential mechanism for differentiation of human peripheral blood resting b cells to ig-secreting cells. purified resting b cells were further fractionated into subsets by discontinuous density gradients of percoll, and proliferation and differentiation responses to staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) and/or t cell-derived soluble factors were studied. high density resting b cells were stimulated to proliferate vigorously in response to sac, but were poorly differentiated ... | 1988 | 2826542 |
| expression and the functional role of a p70/75 interleukin 2-binding molecule in human b cell. | expression of p70/75 il-2-binding molecules and their functional roles in induction of ig secretion by il-2 were examined in human b cells. il-2, at high concentrations induced higher levels of ig secretion in staphylococcus aureus strain cowan i (sac)-activated b cells than at low concentrations. about 50% of sac-activated b cells, lacking tac antigen, were also responsive to ig secretion by il-2, although the required dose of il-2 was higher than that for tac-positive b cells. h-31 antibody wh ... | 1988 | 2828472 |
| phenotypic and functional abnormalities in monocytes from patients with haemophilia a treated with factor viii concentrates. | the phenotype and functions of monocytes in patients with haemophilia a and age-matched controls were studied. fourteen male haemophiliacs were classified in three categories according to the mean number of units of factor viii received during the last 5 years. eleven patients were positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus but none of our patients were homosexuals or drug abusers, nor do they fulfill the criteria of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. patients treated with high amo ... | 1988 | 2829491 |
| expression of c-src in cultured human neuroblastoma and small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines correlates with neurocrine differentiation. | human cell lines with neuronal and neuroendocrine features were examined for their expression of pp60c-src, the cellular homolog of the transforming gene product pp60v-src of rous sarcoma virus. four neuroblastoma (la-n-5, sh-sy5y, paju, and sk-n-mc) and three small-cell lung carcinoma (u-2020, u-1690, and u-1285) cell lines were selected on the basis of their stage of neurocrine differentiation, as determined by the expression of neuron-specific enolase. in an immune complex protein kinase assa ... | 1987 | 2830484 |
| measurement of intracellular fluorescence of human monocytes relative to oxidative metabolism. | human monocytes (mn) produce o2- and h2o2 when stimulated by agonists. dichlorofluorescin diacetate (dcfh-da) has been used as a substrate for measuring intracellular oxidant production in neutrophils. dcfh-da is hydrolyzed by esterases to dichlorofluorescin (dcfh), which is trapped within the cell. this nonfluorescent molecule is then oxidized to fluorescent dichlorofluorescin (dcf) by action of cellular oxidants. dcfh-da can not be appreciably oxidized to a fluorescent state without prior hydr ... | 1988 | 2832496 |
| influence of ly146032 on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro. | ly 146032 is a new acidic lipopeptide antibiotic with high in-vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria. we have studied the influence of ly 146032 on the functions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes with two strains of staphylococcus aureus, one susceptible to oxacillin and one resistant. ly 146032 (10 mg/l) was found to have no influence on superoxide generation stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, nor on phagocytosis of opsonized staph. aureus, furthermore there was no effect on chemotax ... | 1988 | 2833489 |
| cervical and vaginal microflora of women under cancer screening. | gynaecological cancer screening was supplemented with examination of the vaginal microflora and ph in women suffering from vaginal discharge and/or colpitis. in alkaline samples escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans and, in cervical epithelial cells, herpes simplex virus antigen were of common occurrence, while in samples with acid reaction trichomonas and, in cervical cells mainly from pregnant women, adenovirus antigen were often detected. since vaginal ph may be informa ... | 1987 | 2834906 |
| the bactericidal effects of the respiratory burst and the myeloperoxidase system isolated in neutrophil cytoplasts. | neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes kill bacteria by oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms. many potentially toxic mechanisms have been described, but the complexity of the phagosomal environment and the synergy between oxidative and non-oxidative systems hamper the investigation of individual bactericidal mechanism in whole cells. neutrophil cytoplasts are greatly depleted of granule proteins and permit the investigation of the bactericidal effects of the respiratory burst in i ... | 1988 | 2844290 |
| sequence of the human erythrocyte phosphoglycerate mutase by microsequencer and mass spectrometry. | we have previously reported the isolation in pure form of the human erythrocyte phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme b. we now report the sequence of the whole protein and the identification of its n-terminal blocking group. the protein tryptic peptides of phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme b were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography and their sequence determined by microsequencing. the sequence and the nature of the blocking group of the n-terminal tryptic peptide was shown to be n-acetyl ... | 1988 | 2846554 |
| oxygen-dependent killing of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. | luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was used as a monitor of reactive oxidant generation during phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. reactive oxidants play a crucial role in the killing of this organism because: (a) s. aureus was killed most rapidly when the rate of increase of chemiluminescence was greatest; (b) neutrophils which had been activated to generate reactive oxidants by re-aeration of anaerobic suspensions killed this bacterium more efficiently than control sus ... | 1987 | 2846751 |
| lipid analysis of the glycoinositol phospholipid membrane anchor of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. palmitoylation of inositol results in resistance to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | the glycoinositol phospholipid membrane anchor of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (ec 3.1.1.7) contains a novel inositol phospholipid which in this and the accompanying paper (roberts, w.l., santikarn, s., reinhold, v.n., and rosenberry, t.l. (1988) j. biol. chem 263, 18776-18784) is shown to be a plasmanylinositol that is palmitoylated on the inositol ring. the inositol phospholipid was radiolabeled with the photoactivated reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125i] iodophenyl)diazirine and ... | 1988 | 2848806 |
| expression and secretion of interferon-alpha 1 by streptomyces lividans: use of staphylokinase signals and amplification of a neo gene. | a gene coding for mature human interferon, ifn-alpha 1, fused to the expression and secretion signals of a staphylokinase gene (sak) derived from staphylococcus aureus phage 42d, was inserted into the streptomyces promoter probe vector pij487. streptomyces lividans transformed with the recombinant plasmid (pmg341) secreted biologically active ifn-alpha 1 into the culture medium. expression of the ifn-alpha 1 gene was at least on the translational level directed by the sak signals since numerous ... | 1988 | 2851494 |
| heterogeneity of b cell growth factor (bcgf)-producing t cells in humans. clonal analysis of bcgf-producing cells within t4+ and t8+ subsets and evidence for the involvement of different growth factors in different bcgf assays. | human peripheral blood t cells were cloned under conditions allowing the clonal expansion of virtually all t cells. clones derived from t4+ or t4- (t8+) subsets were screened for their ability to induce b cell proliferation either in the staphylococcus aureus cowan-i (sac)-driven assay or in the costimulation assay based on the use of anti-mu antibodies. bcgf activity in the sac- and in the anti-mu-driven system was displayed by 13% and 15% t8+ clones, respectively, while 74% and 79% t4+ clones ... | 1986 | 2874606 |
| potent antagonism of escherichia coli, bacteroides ovatus, fusobacterium varium, and enterococcus faecalis, alone or in combination, for enteropathogens in anaerobic continuous flow cultures. | interactions between representative strains of four predominant resident bacteria of the human colon, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides ovatus, and fusobacterium varium, and strains of seven enteropathogens, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae serogroup non o1, staphylococcus aureus, and clostridium perfringens, were examined in studies with an anaerobic continuous flow culture system and medium resembling th ... | 1986 | 2875188 |
| transforming growth factor beta is an important immunomodulatory protein for human b lymphocytes. | the growth and differentiation of b cells to immunoglobulin (ig)-secreting cells is regulated by a variety of soluble factors. this study presents data that support a role for transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta in this regulatory process. b lymphocytes were shown to have high-affinity receptors for tgf-beta that were increased fivefold to sixfold after in vitro activation. the addition of picogram quantities of tgf-beta to b cell cultures suppressed factor-dependent, interleukin 2 (il 2) b ce ... | 1986 | 2878044 |
| possible transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by expressed human breast milk. | | 1987 | 2880910 |
| a bacteriological examination of breast pumps. | in an investigation of the source of an outbreak of serratia marcescens infection in a special care baby unit, several breast pumps used in the hospital and community were examined. the epidemic strain was isolated from two pumps and other gram-negative organisms, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis were isolated from seven. the findings indicate that breast pumps may be a potential source of contamination of the user, her breast milk, infant and environment. our recommendations reg ... | 1987 | 2883225 |
| localization of a collagen-interactive domain of human von willebrand factor between amino acid residues gly 911 and glu 1,365. | a collagen-binding domain of von willebrand factor (vwf) has been identified in the central part of the molecule by comparing the binding properties of vwf and staphylococcus aureus v-8 protease-generated vwf fragments with collagen. the binding of purified human vwf to human type iii collagen was found to be specific. at saturation, 38 to 50.2 micrograms of vwf bound per milligram of collagen. scatchard plots derived from binding isotherms demonstrated the presence of at least two classes of bi ... | 1987 | 2889486 |
| effects of adenylate cyclase toxin from bordetella pertussis on human neutrophil interactions with coccidioides immitis and staphylococcus aureus. | bordetella pertussis extract that contained adenylate cyclase toxin produced large increases in human neutrophil cyclic amp levels and inhibited their oxidative burst, as reflected by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and superoxide release. the adenylate cyclase toxin-containing extract blocked neutrophil-mediated inhibition of n-acetylglucosamine incorporation by arthroconidia of coccidioides immitis in a dose-dependent fashion but had no effect on neutrophil phagocytosis of candida glabrata ... | 1988 | 2894360 |
| induction of suppressor cells to t- and b-cell proliferative responses and immunoglobulin production by monoclonal antibodies recognizing the cd3 t-cell differentiation antigen. | monoclonal antibodies (mab's) recognizing the cd3 t-cell differentiation antigen induced the generation of suppressor cells. these cells inhibited (1) proliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to pha and allogeneic cells in mixed leukocyte culture; (2) proliferative responses of purified e-rosette-negative cells to staphylococcus aureus cowans i; and (3) de novo immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion in the pokeweed mitogen (pwm)-induced differentiation system. m ... | 1988 | 2901914 |
| sustained anti-adherence activity of taurolidine (taurolin) and noxythiolin (noxyflex s) solutions. | taurolidine (2% w/v) and noxythiolin (1% w/v and 2.5% w/v) solutions inhibit the adherence in-vitro of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus to human epithelial and fibroblast cells. this effect, demonstrable after 30 min exposure of cells to test drugs, persists after removal of the active compound. significantly reduced adherence of bacteria is apparent for 5 h after taurolidine treatment and for 6 h after treatment with 2.5% noxythiolin. anti-adherence activity of taurolidine and noxythi ... | 1988 | 2904994 |
| selective binding of l-thyroxine by myosin light chain kinase. | l-thyroxine selectively inhibited ca2+-calmodulin-activated myosin light chain kinases (mlc kinase) purified from rabbit skeletal muscle, chicken gizzard smooth muscle, bovine thyroid gland, and human platelet with similar ki values (ki = 2.5 microm). a detailed analysis of l-thyroxine inhibition of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase activation was undertaken in order to determine the effect of l-thyroxine on the stoichiometries of ca2+, calmodulin, and the enzyme in the activation process. ... | 1989 | 2909527 |
| effects of retinoids on human thymus-dependent and thymus-independent mitogenesis. | the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ra), 13-cis-retinoic acid, and n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide on the mitogenic responses of various populations of human lymphocytes have been evaluated. superoptimal concentrations of mitogens allowed the greatest ra-induced potentiation of lymphocyte proliferation. all three retinoids at concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-14)m significantly potentiated the proliferation of adenoidal and tonsillar lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (pwm). however, th ... | 1989 | 2910587 |
| characterisation of methicillin-resistant isolates of staphylococcus aureus by analysis of whole-cell and exported proteins. | thirty-four isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) from patients in glasgow royal infirmary were studied. whole-cell protein profiles obtained by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) were compared with banding patterns produced by immunoblots of exported proteins. human plasma was used as a source of staphylococcal antibodies for the immunoblots. sds-page of whole-cell extracts did not usefully distinguish different isolates of mrsa. repro ... | 1989 | 2913314 |
| recombinant protein a of non-staphylococcal origin is not mitogenic for human peripheral lymphocytes. mitogenicity of natural protein a is caused by a contaminant. | recombinant protein a(spa) produced in escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis bacteria did not induce activation of human peripheral mononuclear cells, whereas spa preparations obtained from naturally occurring staphylococcus aureus bacteria as well as recombinant spa from staphylococcus xylosus were potent mitogens. further purification of spa from s. aureus showed that the mitogenic material was concentrated in the side fractions containing more basic molecules. some staphylococcal enterotoxins ... | 1989 | 2922571 |
| effect of ciprofloxacin on phagocytosis. | certain aspects of the relationship between host defence mechanisms and the new quinoline derivative ciprofloxacin in comparison to norfloxacin and ofloxacin were studied. ciprofloxacin did not affect chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in agarose. in leucocytes exposed to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin neither the chemiluminescent response to opsonized zymosan and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine nor the phagocytic or bactericidal activity was affected. however, kill ... | 1985 | 2936604 |
| influence of dipeptides on the interaction of immunoglobulins with bacterial fc receptors. | binding of radiolabeled human igg to bacteria expressing type i, type ii, or type iii fc receptors in the presence of glycyl-glycine, glycyl-tyrosine, glycyl-histidine, glycyl-leucine, or glycyl-phenylalanine was studied. no inhibition of labeled human igg binding to type i or type iii fc receptor positive bacteria was observed by any of the dipeptides. inhibition of binding of labeled human igg1, igg2, and igg4, but not igg3, indicated the presence of two distinct fc receptors associated with t ... | 1986 | 2938581 |
| the effect of breast-feeding on proliferation by infant lymphocytes in vitro. | the effect of breast-feeding on the development of lymphocyte responsiveness in infants has been studied. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 breast- and 15 bottle-fed infants were obtained sequentially between 6 days and 9 months of age. a number of agents were used to stimulate the cells in vitro and the resulting proliferative responses were compared between the two feeding groups. a hanging drop microculture system using serum-free medium, enabled spontaneous proliferation and prolife ... | 1986 | 2939392 |
| binding of chicken, bovine, and rabbit immunoglobulins by avian, bovine, and human strains of staphylococcus aureus. | sixty-six strains of staphylococcus aureus of avian, bovine, and human origin were tested for their ability to bind chicken, bovine, and rabbit immunoglobulin g (igg). a microtitration plate hemagglutination assay and a direct-tube enzyme immunoassay were used to determine qualitative differences. twice as many chicken and bovine s. aureus isolates than human strains reacted positively to chicken igg. mean binding values of chicken igg were also twice as high for chicken and bovine s. aureus iso ... | 1986 | 2942849 |
| opsonic activity of plasma fibronectin for staphylococcus aureus by human alveolar macrophages: inefficacy of trypsin-sensitive staphylococcal fibronectin receptor. | the binding of 125i-fibronectin (fn) to some bacteria and the phagocytic activity of human alveolar macrophages (am) by a culture method using 3h-labelled bacteria were examined. fn-binding of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) was higher than that of gram-negative rods and was reduced markedly by trypsin-treatment. fn enhanced the uptake of s. aureus by am in dose dependent manner. to determine whether fn-binding to s. aureus mediates the promotion of staphylococcal phagocytosis, we compared the ... | 1986 | 2943056 |
| immunomodulation of human leukocytes by staphylococcal enterotoxin a: augmentation of natural killer cells and induction of suppressor cells. | staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea), a protein isolated from culture supernatants of staphylococcus aureus, is a potent t-cell mitogen and an inducer of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). we report here that sea exhibits a number of significant in vitro immunomodulatory functions. in vitro treatment of human peripheral blood monocyte-depleted lymphocytes with sea resulted in significant augmentation of their natural killer cytotoxicity against target cells from hemopoietic (k562, daudi) or solid (mela ... | 1986 | 2943428 |
| demonstration that human b cells respond differently to interleukin 2 and b cell differentiation factor based on their stages of maturation. | the mechanisms whereby interleukin 2 (il 2), interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and b cell differentiation factor (bcdf) alone or in combination modulate human b cell differentiation are currently under intensive study. to dissect out the effects of individual lymphokines contained in mixed lymphocyte reaction-culture supernatants (mlr-cs) on b cell differentiation, we employed pure factors that possessed the same activity as factors contained in mlr-cs (il 2: 50 u/ml, ifn-gamma: 7 u/ml, bcdf-nal: 5 ... | 1986 | 2945860 |
| immunoglobulin production of human lymphocytes stimulated by staphylococcus aureus cowan i and pokeweed mitogen: differential effects of recombinant interleukin-2. | the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (isc) upon stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (pwm) or staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) in recombinant interleukin-2 (ril-2)-supplemented cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and co-cultures of b and t cells was studied. it has been shown that the addition of ril-2 to culture can enhance or depress the number of isc depending on the polyclonal b-cell activator used for culture stimulation. the sac-induced response was enhanced ... | 1986 | 2948904 |
| evidence for the involvement of endotoxin in toxic shock syndrome. | the toxicity of toxic shock syndrome (tss) toxin-1 (tsst-1) was evaluated in female, specific pathogen-free rabbits and conventional rabbits. results after intravenous injections of tsst-1 given to both types of rabbits indicated that specific pathogen-free rabbits were resistant to the lethal effects observed in conventional rabbits. lethality could be prevented by simultaneous administration of polymyxin b, and analysis of serum before and after dosing confirmed that dosing with tsst-1 resulte ... | 1987 | 2950183 |
| stimulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by serum iga or secretory iga. | | 1987 | 2962470 |
| immunoglobulin binding by the regular surface array of aeromonas salmonicida. | the cell surface of aeromonas salmonicida is covered by a regular surface array composed of a single species of protein, the a-protein (phipps, b. m., trust, t. j., ishiguro, e. e., and kay, w. w. (1983) biochemistry 22, 2934-2939). the array, known as the a-layer, is the key virulence factor for this organism. cells containing the a-layer specifically bound rabbit igg and human igm with high affinity (kd = 1.0 x 10(-6) m and 3.3 x 10(-6) m, respectively), but neither isogenic a-protein-deficien ... | 1988 | 2967820 |
| opsonin-dependent and independent surface phagocytosis of s. aureus proceeds independently of complement and complement receptors. | we examined the mechanism of surface phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn). surface phagocytosis of unopsonized bacteria occurred, but was significantly enhanced by the presence of serum. the serum requirement was low, and a maximal effect occurred with serum concentrations of 0.25-0.5%. the opsonic effect of serum was not removed by heat inactivation of complement but was adsorbed, at low serum concentrations, by protein a, indicating that opsonin-dep ... | 1988 | 2971611 |
| relationship between extracellular stimulation of intracellular killing and oxygen-dependent microbicidal systems of monocytes. | human monocytes require serum components immunoglobulin g, c3/c3b, and b/bb to exert optimal microbicidal action against ingested microorganisms. the present study was performed to find out whether these factors act by enhancing oxygen-dependent antimicrobial mechanisms. serum enhanced oxygen consumption and superoxide production by monocytes before phagocytosis, but did not further increase these processes in monocytes that had recently ingested bacteria. furthermore, serum did not boost iodina ... | 1985 | 2981774 |
| catalytic properties of a human cytomegalovirus-induced protein kinase. | human cytomegalovirus, a dna virus whose genome contains a fragment of transforming dna, induces a threonine-serine protein kinase having a molecular mass of 68 kda (p68). p68 was extracted from cells 96-144 h after infection, and immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody (f6b). antibody-enzyme complexes were immobilized on heat/formaldehyde-inactivated staphylococcus aureus. the best substrates for p68 were acidic proteins, phosvitin and casein. glycogen synthase, phosphorylase alpha and hi ... | 1985 | 2986975 |
| permeabilization of rat hepatocytes with staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. | pathogenic staphylococci secrete a number of exotoxins, including alpha-toxin. alpha-toxin induces lysis of erythrocytes and liposomes when its 3s protein monomers associate with the lipid bilayer and form a hexomeric transmembrane channel 3 nm in diameter. we have used alpha-toxin to render rat hepatocytes 93-100% permeable to trypan blue with a lactate dehydrogenase leakage less than or equal to 22%. treatment conditions included incubation for 5-10 min at 37 degrees c and ph 7.0 with an alpha ... | 1985 | 2987273 |
| human polymorphonuclear leukocytes release leukotriene b4 during phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus. | we studied release of leukotriene b4 (ltb4) by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) during phagocytosis of staphylococci in the presence or absence of arachidonic acid. the 12 x 10(7) pmns incubated with 3 x 10(9) opsonized s. aureus and 50 microm arachidonic acid released 1.45 +/- 0.42 nmol ltb4. no ltb4 was detected after stimulation of pmns with s. aureus or arachidonic acid by themselves. however, by increasing the concentration of arachidonic acid to 200 or 400 microm, 1.22 +/- 0.45 an ... | 1986 | 3007355 |
| elimination of nonspecific cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin m activities in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using anti-human immunoglobulin g. | direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods offer several advantages in assessing past or recent exposure to cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection, but there persist many pitfalls in the use of these methods for determining specific immunoglobulin m (igm). the efficiency of absorption of sera by igg-coated latex beads, aggregated human igg, or staphylococcus aureus, i.e., for removing nonspecific cmv igm activities, was evaluated in comparison with the effect of an anti-human igg hyperimmune seru ... | 1986 | 3007570 |
| metabolic comparison between basophils and other leukocytes from human blood. | basophilic granulocytes were purified from the blood of normal individuals by successive isopyknic centrifugation and elutriation centrifugation. starting with the leukocyte-rich fraction of 500 ml of blood, we recovered 31 to 80% (mean 51%, n = 20) of the basophils in 45 to 87% purity (mean 69%, n = 23). the contaminating cells were mainly lymphocytes. the basophils were greater than 98% vital (exclusion of ethidium bromide and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate). the histamine content of the ... | 1986 | 3007619 |
| effects of cefotaxime and cefodizime on human granulocyte functions in vitro. | in vitro, cefotaxime and cefodizime enhanced significantly the bactericidal activity of human neutrophils against staphylococcus aureus p 209 a, but not phagocytosis. the increase was about 150% for cefotaxime and 400% for cefodizime at concentrations as low as 1 mg/l. furthermore, by two different techniques (nbt and cytochrome c reduction tests) cefotaxime but not cefodizime significantly enhanced superoxide anion production by zymosan-stimulated neutrophils. other neutrophil functions (chemot ... | 1986 | 3019985 |
| cloning of cdna for human t-cell replacing factor (interleukin-5) and comparison with the murine homologue. | we have cloned cdna for t-cell replacing factor (interleukin-5), which replaces t-cell helper function for normal b cells which secrete immunoglobulin, from human t cell leukemia line, atl-2, using mouse interleukin-5 cdna as probe. total nucleotide sequence of the cdna (816 base pairs) was determined and compared with that of mouse interleukin-5 cdna. the cloned cdna encoded the interleukin-5 precursor of 134 amino acids containing an n-terminal signal sequence. although the human interleukin-5 ... | 1986 | 3024129 |
| inhibition of human b cell responsiveness by prostaglandin e2. | the capacity of prostaglandin e2 (pce2) to modulate human peripheral blood b cell proliferation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (isc) stimulated by cowan 1 strain staphylococcus aureus and mitogen-stimulated t cell supernatant was examined. pge2 significantly inhibited both responses, whereas pgf2 alpha had no inhibitory effect. responses of highly purified b cells obtained from spleen, lymph node, and tonsil were also inhibited. in addition pge2 suppressed b cell responses ... | 1987 | 3027169 |
| conversion of human placental alkaline phosphatase from a high mr form to a low mr form during butanol extraction. an investigation of the role of endogenous phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases. | alkaline phosphatase in a wide range of tissues has been shown to be anchored in the membrane by a specific interaction with the polar head group of phosphatidylinositol. it has previously been suggested that the production of low mr alkaline phosphatase during the commonly used butanol extraction procedure may result from the activation of an endogenous phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c which removes the 1,2-diacylglycerol responsible for membrane anchoring. this conversion process was ... | 1986 | 3028377 |
| development and characterization of a human b cell line that responds to b cell growth factor but not interleukin 2. | the human lymphoblastoid cell line we present here proliferated in response to a 14,000 m.w. b cell growth factor (bcgf), and not to interleukin 2 (il 2). this cell line, designated b-a3, was established by epstein barr virus (ebv) transformation of staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac)-activated spleen b cells, and has been maintained in rpmi 1640 medium complemented with 15% fetal calf serum (fcs) without the addition of other exogenous growth factors. a proliferative response, as measured by [3 ... | 1987 | 3031160 |
| opsonization of staphylococcus aureus protects endothelial cells from damage by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | when phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) takes place on the surface of cultured human endothelial cells, the endothelial monolayers are damaged by lysosomal enzymes that are released by the pmn. because pmn can phagocytose opsonized as well as unopsonized staphylococci on an endothelial surface, we studied the role of bacterial opsonization in the damage caused to the endothelium. phagocytosis of unopsonized s. aureus was accompanied by greater damag ... | 1987 | 3032800 |
| a single polypeptide acts both as the beta subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and as a protein disulfide-isomerase. | a single polypeptide is shown to act both as the beta subunit of the proline hydroxylase (ec 1.14.11.2) and as a protein disulfide-isomerase (ec 5.3.4.1). when isolated from chick embryos or rat liver, the beta subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and the enzyme protein disulfide-isomerase have identical molecular weights and peptide maps as produced by digestion with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. the apparent molecular weights of both proteins isolated from human placental tissue are slightly h ... | 1987 | 3032969 |
| nda3: a differentiation antigen associated with the receptor for b cell growth factor. | | 1986 | 3033100 |
| epstein-barr virus-transformed b-cell line (dv-1) derived from bone marrow of a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency and immunoblastic lymphoma. | an epstein-barr virus-transformed b-cell line derived from a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency who died of a lymphoreticular malignancy has been characterized. the line derived from bone marrow cultures and designated dv-1 shows surface and cytoplasmic igm and staining with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies against immunoglobulin heavy and light chains mu, delta, and kappa, dr, and several other b-cell surface antigens. dv-1 secretes igm kappa and demonstrates monoclonality on analys ... | 1987 | 3033590 |
| effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha on mitogen-activated human b cells. | in this study we demonstrate that the monocyte/macrophage product, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), has significant in vitro effects of b cell function. it costimulated with anti-mu in the induction of b cell dna synthesis, and it prolonged the dna synthesis initiated in b cell cultures stimulated with the human b cell mitogen, staphylococcus aureus cowan strain i (sac). the addition of either il-1 or ifn-gamma to tnf-alpha resulted in a substantial further increase in dna synthesis. the ... | 1987 | 3040886 |
| recombinant interleukin 2 and gamma-interferon act synergistically on distinct steps of in vitro terminal human b cell maturation. | the effects of recombinant interleukin 2 (il-2) on the in vitro differentiation of human tonsillar b cells which were not preincubated with staphylococcus aureus cowan i or with anti-human igm were investigated. il-2 was shown to induce the generation of ig-containing cells in a dose-dependent fashion from 2.5 to 2,500 u il-2/ml. conversely, the quantities of ig secreted in the culture supernatant were found in the majority of experiments to peak at 25 u/ml. the possible presence, in cultures st ... | 1986 | 3082936 |
| requirement of macrophages (monocytes) for the induction of interleukin 2 receptors on b lymphocytes. | the role of macrophages (monocytes) for the induction of interleukin 2 receptors (il 2r) on human b lymphocytes was studied by a direct immunofluorescence method with the use of a fluoresceinated anti-il 2r monoclonal antibody and a flow cytofluorometer. highly purified b lymphocytes alone did not induce il 2r on their surface by stimulation with staphylococcus aureus cowan i, anti-mu antibody, or pokeweed mitogen. however, the addition of monocytes successfully induced il 2r on b lymphocytes st ... | 1986 | 3082985 |
| effects of anti-igm on mitogen-induced proliferation of human b-lymphocyte malignancies. | therapeutic trials of anti-immunoglobulin antibody have produced a wide range of responses in attempts to control the growth of human b lymphoid neoplasms. this variability might reflect differences in intrinsic functional characteristics of malignant b lymphocytes that determine susceptibility to anti-immunoglobulin-mediated regulation of growth. to characterize b-lymphocyte malignancies, tissue samples from 24 patients were studied during short-term culture in vitro. malignant b lymphocytes we ... | 1986 | 3084144 |
| characteristics of staphylococci isolated from man, poultry and some other animals. | of 281 strains of staphylococci isolated from man and animals 36 (12.8%) were coagulase-positive and 245 (87.2%) were coagulase-negative. staphylococcus aureus and staph. intermedius were the commonest coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from the hosts examined. of the 20 strains that remained unclassifiable, 14 were isolated from sheep and goats. | 1986 | 3084438 |
| expression and function of an early activation marker restricted to human b cells. | a b cell-specific monoclonal antibody (anti-ba) was prepared. in two-color facs analysis the anti-ba reacted with a subpopulation of ig+ or b1+ cells obtained from tonsils, but did not react with most b1+ cells derived from pbl. activation of b cells from pbl with tpa or anti-mu induced ba expression and the addition of pha-conditioned supernatant with anti-mu-enhanced ba expression. other b cell activators, such as staphylococcus aureus cowan i (staph-a) or pwm plus t cells, could induce ba exp ... | 1986 | 3084651 |
| effects of human serum on bacterial competition with neutrophils for molecular oxygen. | a dialyzable factor(s) in human serum is known to stimulate gonococcal oxygen consumption. its effect on other human pathogens was investigated. a 10% serum solution increased peak o2 consumption for escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus to 157% (p less than 0.05) and 199% (p less than 0.02), respectively, of their o2 consumption when suspended in hanks balanced salt solution, compared with a 356% increase for neisseria gonorrhoeae with serum. dialyzed serum lacked stimulatory capacity. bac ... | 1986 | 3086230 |
| polyclonal antibody formation of human lymphocytes to bacterial components. | the capacity of various bacterial components to induce antibody formation in human lymphocyte cultures was studied in the present investigation. antibody levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). lipopolysaccharide (lps), bacterial cell walls (cw, isolated from bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus wood 46) and peptidoglycans (pg) appeared to stimulate igm, igg and iga secretion, whereas lysozyme-solubilized pg and teichoic acids (ta) were ineffective. also, u ... | 1986 | 3089918 |
| the primary structure of apolipoprotein a-i from rabbit high-density lipoprotein. | the amino acid sequence of rabbit apolipoprotein a-i (apo a-i) has been determined by degradation and alignment of two overlapping sets of peptides obtained from tryptic and staphylococcal digestions. all of the peptides of rabbit apo a-i resulting from digestion by staphylococcal protease were isolated and sequenced except residues 33-37. a digestion with trypsin was employed to find overlapping and missing peptides. the n-terminus of rabbit apo a-i was confirmed by sequencing the intact protei ... | 1986 | 3095115 |
| the influence of interferon-gamma and various phagocytic stimuli on the expression of mhc-class ii antigens on human monocytes--relation to the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates. | human monocytes show a dose-dependent decrease of the mhc-class ii antigen expression (hla-dr and hla-dq) after addition of zymosan or staphylococcus aureus cowan i particles. interferon-gamma did not prevent this process. the expression of mhc-class i antigens was not affected. the dose-response and kinetic curves showed individual differences. an association between the capacity to form reactive oxygen intermediates and the downregulation of mhc-class ii antigen expression was observed. in add ... | 1986 | 3095231 |
| determination of the complete amino acid sequence of recombinant human gamma-interferon produced in escherichia coli. | the complete amino acid sequence of recombinant human gamma-interferon (huifn-gamma) produced in escherichia coli was determined using a gas-phase protein sequencer. the sequence was established by automated edman degradation on the intact protein and its peptides obtained after staphylococcus aureus v8 protease or trypsin digestion. the result was identical to the amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned huifn-gamma cdna except that it was missing the four carbox ... | 1986 | 3095440 |
| human interferon-gamma acts as a b cell growth factor in the anti-igm antibody co-stimulatory assay but has no direct b cell differentiation activity. | in this study it is illustrated that recombinant human interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) acts as a b cell growth factor (bcgf) in the anti-igm antibody co-stimulatory assay. a monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits the biological activities of ifn-gamma blocks its bcgf activity supporting the specificity of the ifn-gamma effect. various ifn-gamma obtained from different sources displayed the same bcgf activity. nonactivated b lymphocytes do not proliferate in response to ifn-gamma. ifn-gamma ... | 1986 | 3097134 |
| effects of interferons-alpha, -beta, and -gamma on human interleukin-2 production. | interleukin-2 (il-2) production was stimulated with staphylococcus enterotoxin a, heat-killed staphylococcus aureus, or concanavalin a (cona) in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). il-2 was characterized by its effect on il-2-dependent cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctll cells) and mouse thymocytes. pretreatment of pbmc with greater than or equal to 100 iu/ml of human-alpha (huifn-alpha) or interferon-beta (huifn-beta), or with greater than or equal to 10 iu/ml huifn-gamma for ... | 1986 | 3100666 |
| solid-phase radioimmunoassay for igg antibodies to staphylococcus epidermidis. use in serious coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. | a radioimmunoassay (ria) for human igg antibodies to staphylococcus epidermidis was compared with an agar-gel-diffusion assay in patients with a variety of infections. the ria was sensitive and reproducible and discriminated between endocarditis and uncomplicated bacteremias due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. anti-s epidermidis antibodies by ria were elevated in 16 (89%) of 18 patients with coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis but in none of 28 patients with uncomplicated bactere ... | 1987 | 3103563 |
| rheumatoid factor secretion from human leu-1+ b cells. | a human b cell subpopulation identifiable by the expression of the cell surface antigen leu-1 (cd5) is responsible for most of the immunoglobulin m rheumatoid factor secreted in vitro after the cells are stimulated with staphylococcus aureus. the ability of b cells bearing the leu-1 marker (leu-1+) to secrete rheumatoid factor is present early in development and extends to adulthood, since leu-1+ b cells from cord blood and from peripheral blood lymphocytes of both normal adults and patients wit ... | 1987 | 3105057 |
| ige-enhancing activity directly and selectively affects activated b cells: evidence for a human ige differentiation factor. | t cells from highly atopic individuals spontaneously secrete in vitro a factor that specifically induces ige synthesis from normal human b cells. we investigated the effects of such t cell supernatants derived from atopic individuals (tcsn-a) on functionally distinct b cell subsets to determine at what developmental stage b cells become responsive to this ige-enhancing activity. b cells from normal and allergic donors were separated into subsets of small resting and large activated cells by dens ... | 1987 | 3108377 |
| role of hla class i and class ii antigens in activation and differentiation of b cells. | the monoclonal antibodies (moab) cr10-214, cr11-115, and q1/28 to distinct monomorphic determinants of hla class i antigens, the moab cl413 and ptf29.12 recognizing monomorphic determinants of hla-dr antigens, the anti-hla-dqw1 moab ks11, the anti-hla-dpw1 moab b7/21, and the anti-hla-dr,dp moab cr11-462 were tested for their ability to modulate human b-lymphocyte proliferation and maturation to igm-forming cells. purified tonsillar b cells were stimulated with staphylococcus aureus bacteria of ... | 1987 | 3111726 |
| comparative activation requirements of human peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph node b cells. | human peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph node b cells were stimulated with cowan i staphylococcus aureus (sa) or f(ab')2 fragments of anti-mu antibody (anti-mu) and various lymphokines and were analyzed for proliferation and generation of ig-secreting cells (isc). sa alone but not anti-mu stimulated minimal proliferation of each population. recombinant il 2 (r-il 2) effectively promoted proliferation of sa-stimulated blood and spleen b cells, but supported less vigorous responses of lymph node ... | 1987 | 3112218 |
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3-mediated inhibition of human b cell differentiation. | we have examined the mechanisms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (d3)-mediated inhibition of human b cell differentiation to immunoglobulin (ig) secreting cells. b lymphocytes were purified from human tonsils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. mononuclear cells were separated into adherent cells and nonadherent cells. cells were stimulated with staphylococcus aureus cowen i (sac) or pokeweed mitogen (pwm) for 7 days and immunoglobulin production was measured by elisa assay, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin ... | 1987 | 3117462 |
| enhancement of human b cell proliferation and differentiation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1. | the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in human b cell responses was examined and compared with that of interleukin (il) 1 by assessing the ability of each cytokine to support proliferation and differentiation. recombinant tnf-alpha (rtnf-alpha) and recombinant il-1 (ril-1) each enhanced the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (isc) in cultures of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated b cells incubated with t cells. to examine the direct effect of rtnf-alpha and ril-1 on the respondi ... | 1987 | 3117883 |
| [use of filter-adsorbed enterotoxins for isolating human immune interferon]. | the use of a and b enterotoxins of st. aureus adsorbed on millipore nitrocellulose filters for induction of donor blood leukocytes resulted in production of immune interferon free of the inducer. the interferon produced by this method is acid-labile and inactivated by antiserum to human immune interferon but not to human leukocyte interferon. the advantage of this type of induction consists in the possibility of multiple use of the filters with adsorbed enterotoxins. | 1987 | 3118573 |
| enoxacin-induced modification of the susceptibility of bacteria to phagocytic killing. | the effect of enoxacin upon the interaction in vitro of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes with streptococcus pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined. synergistic killing of these two species of bacteria was observed in the presence of neutrophils and concentrations of enoxacin above the mic. enoxacin was able to kill intracellular str. pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. the activity of glucose-glucose oxidase, an oxygen-dependent bactericidal system which mimics part of the bacter ... | 1988 | 3129391 |
| functional roles of gamma interferon in proliferation and differentiation of human b cell subpopulations. | we have studied the function of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) on human b cell proliferation and differentiation. when b cell subpopulations were separated by percoll gradient centrifugation and stimulated by staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac), these subpopulations responded differently to lymphokines. small b cells (60/80% percell) were stimulated to proliferate by ifn-gamma alone. large b cells (50/60% percoll) did not respond to ifn-gamma but proliferated in response to b cell growth factor (b ... | 1988 | 3134512 |
| leukotriene c4 generation from human eosinophils stimulated with igg-aspergillus fumigatus antigen immune complexes. | sepharose beads coated with igg stimulate eosinophils to produce leukotriene c4 (ltc4). this observation has been extended with specific immobilized igg/antigen immune complexes to elicit mediator generation. an extract of aspergillus fumigatus was covalently coupled to sepharose beads and incubated with the igg fraction of immune serum from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. these beads elicited generation of 7.72 +/- 1.7 pmol of ltc4 immunoreactive material (n = 5) from 1 x ... | 1988 | 3139729 |
| a t cell receptor-associated gtp-binding protein triggers t cell receptor-mediated granule exocytosis in cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | to study the subcellular events occurring after t cell activation we used cloned human ctl permeabilized with alpha-toxin of staphylococcus aureus. this method of permeabilization leads to stable transmembrane channels that permit the introduction of small molecules into the cell but preserves the cellular structures and macromolecular contents of the ctl. we used the exocytosis of ctl-specific serine esterases as a marker of t cell activation. the tcr-activated exocytosis is functioning in such ... | 1988 | 3141505 |
| gamma interferon enhances the killing of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. | the effect of purified human interferon-gamma on the responsiveness of human neutrophils was investigated. pre-incubation of neutrophils with 100 u interferon ml-1 for 10 min at 37 degrees c resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated reactive oxygen metabolite generation (as assayed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence). pre-treatment of neutrophils with interferon also potentiated their ability to kill staphylococcus aureus, and thus it is proposed th ... | 1988 | 3141565 |
| attachment of mycobacteria to fibronectin-coated surfaces. | this report investigates the extent of the expression of fibronectin (fn) binding properties among the mycobacteria and provides preliminary characteristics of the bacterial molecule(s) mediating attachment. eight bcg substrains, three mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and four other mycobacterial species all expressed fn-binding capacity. treatment of organisms with detergent prior to the binding assay destroyed the fn-binding capacity of bcg but not that of staphylococcus aureus. trypsin pret ... | 1988 | 3143807 |
| immunomodulation by indoleamines: serotonin and melatonin action on dna and interferon-gamma synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | different concentrations of indoleamines, serotonin and melatonin, inhibited phytohemagglutinin stimulated dna synthesis. thus, 10(-3) to 10(-4) m of either indoleamine acted at the optimal phytohemagglutinin concentration, while 10(-3) to 10(-7) m acted at suboptimal phytohemagglutinin levels. the serotonin effect was reversed by the serotonergic s1-s2 receptor antagonist methysergide but not by the s2 antagonist ketanserin. this indicates that only the s1 receptor is involved in the inhibitory ... | 1988 | 3146586 |
| bactericidal effects of photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative. | hematoporphyrin derivative (hpd) localizes selectively in malignant and rapidly metabolizing tissues and undergoes a cytotoxic reaction when exposed to light of a specific wavelength. hpd has been studied extensively with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors but not with regard to bactericidal activity. this investigation assessed the effect of light-activated hpd on various microorganisms, on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and on the interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes ... | 1985 | 3155547 |
| complexes prepared from protein a and human serum, igg, or fc gamma fragments: characterization by immunochemical analysis of ultracentrifugation fractions and studies on their interconversion. | protein a of staphylococcus aureus is an fc receptor for igg that has been used as a therapeutic reagent to treat cancer in humans and experimental animals. we used ultracentrifugation combined with analysis of isolated fractions by radioimmunoprecipitation and competitive radioimmunoassay with chicken antibodies that bind free protein a or protein a in complexes but do bind free immunoglobulin reagents to localize and characterize the types of complexes formed with different molar ratios of 125 ... | 1985 | 3157047 |