| bacterial superantigens as anti-tumour agents: induction of tumour cytotoxicity in human lymphocytes by staphylococcal enterotoxin a. | activation of lymphocytes by interleukin-2 (il-2) induces lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells that show promising effects on tumour growth in clinical trials. we examined the effect of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) on anti-tumour activity of freshly prepared human lymphocytes. picomolar amounts of sea rapidly induced cytotoxic activity against k562 and raji cells as well as some natural-killer(nk)-resistant tumour cell lines. cytotoxic activity was not dependent on targ ... | 1991 | 2059967 |
| skin tissue fluid levels of cefotiam in healthy man following oral cefotiam hexetil. | cefotiam hexetil is a pro-drug of cefotiam available for oral administration. to evaluate cefotiam concentrations at the active site in skin and soft-tissue infections, drug levels in skin suction blister fluid (sbf), cantharides blister fluid (cbf) and serum were determined. six healthy subjects received oral cefotiam 400 mg as cefotiam hexetil. on an other day 200 mg was injected intravenously. following the oral dose, the bioavailability of cefotiam was 45.5%, and the maximum concentration in ... | 1990 | 2276386 |
| endothelial cells inhibit receptor-mediated superoxide anion production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes via a soluble inhibitor. | confluent monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (bpae) or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huve) inhibited by 80 to 90% the production of o2- by added human neutrophils (pmns) stimulated by plasma membrane receptor-mediated activators (formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine [fmlp], opsonized zymosan, heat-killed staphylococci), but not by non-plasma membrane receptor-mediated activators (phorbol myristate acetate and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane). degranulation induced by fml ... | 1990 | 2155631 |
| identification of endothelin receptors by chemical cross-linking. | specific binding sites for human/porcine endothelin have been found in rat brain membrane preparations using an [125i]endothelin. the apparent kd value was 3 +/- 2 nm with a bmax value of 2,200 +/- 200 fmol/mg protein. chemical cross-linking of [125i]endothelin to rat brain membranes by using the cross-linking reagent disuccinimidyl suberate (dss) revealed two specific proteins of mr = 52,000 and mr = 30,000. the same results were obtained by photoaffinity labeling of [125i]azidoendothelin to ra ... | 1990 | 2156666 |
| method to identify genomic targets of dna binding proteins. | we have devised a cyclical immunoprecipitation protocol that can be used to identify and clone a specific dna sequence that is recognized by a dna binding protein, even if that sequence is present in only one copy in the genome of a mammal. as an example, we have used this procedure to purify mouse genomic sequences to which the simian virus 40 tumor (t) antigen binds. | 1990 | 2159142 |
| binding of staphylococcal cell surface polysaccharide to human fibrinogen. | the interaction between the binding site of a polysaccharide (called compact colony forming active substance (ccfas)), obtained from the cell surface of a strain of staphylococcus, and human fibrinogen (hf) was investigated. the ccfas was found to bind specifically to both the b beta and gamma chains of hf at ph 7.0 and 8.0, and the a alpha chain at ph 5.0. the binding of ccfas with fibrinogen fragments obtained by digestion with plasmin were also investigated. fragments with mr of 55,000, 24,00 ... | 1990 | 2140287 |
| stimulation of the respiratory burst and promotion of bacterial killing in human granulocytes by intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. | we have examined the effect of two i.v. immunoglobulin preparations on the metabolic and functional activities of neutrophil granulocytes from the peripheral blood. production of superoxide anion (o2-) by granulocytes was measured through superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c after incubation of cells for various times together with immunoglobulin (concentration ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mg/ml). the results showed dose-dependent response of o2- production independent of ... | 1990 | 2107048 |
| pruritus, staphylococcus aureus, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1990 | 2334194 |
| a novel pathway of human b cell activation initiated by ck226 surface antigen. | in this study we analyzed the effect of ck226 monoclonal antibody (mab) on human b cell activation and proliferation. this mab was shown to recognize a 75-kda surface molecule expressed on both t and b lymphocytes and to mediate t lymphocyte activation and proliferation. flow cytometry analysis of b cell populations isolated from peripheral blood, tonsil and spleen showed that ck226 surface antigen is highly expressed on 40-80% of surface ig+ cells. when purified b cells were cultured in the pre ... | 1990 | 2141569 |
| peptide analogs to a fibronectin receptor inhibit attachment of staphylococcus aureus to fibronectin-containing substrates. | binding of cells of staphylococcus aureus to fibronectin has been proposed as a mechanism of bacterial adhesion to host tissues. in this study, we have attempted to define the role of a recently identified fibronectin receptor in the adhesion of staphylococcal cells to fibronectin-containing substrates by using different receptor analogs as potential inhibitors of bacterial adherence. the results showed that synthetic peptides d1, d2, and d3, corresponding to variations of a repeated unit in the ... | 1990 | 2142481 |
| pyomyositis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of skeletal muscle usually caused by staphylococcus aureus and characterized by localized muscle pain, swelling, and tenderness. the disease is endemic in the tropics. though only approximately 50 cases have been reported from the continental united states, pyomyositis has been increasingly recognized here in the last decade. we report two patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and pyomyositis, and review five previously reported cases. gi ... | 1990 | 2205925 |
| influenza infection and diabetes mellitus. case for annual vaccination. | herein, epidemiological data on influenza pneumonia and mortality, results of clinical studies, and the outcome of influenza vaccination trials are reviewed. all excess mortality studies that specify for underlying disease list diabetes as one of the major risk factors. during influenza epidemics, death rates among patients with diabetes mellitus may increase by 5-15%. diabetes mellitus is also mentioned as a risk factor in most clinical studies, making up 3-14% of the patients studied. even in ... | 1990 | 2209323 |
| neutrophil bactericidal activity against staphylococcus aureus adherent on biological surfaces. surface-bound extracellular matrix proteins activate intracellular killing by oxygen-dependent and -independent mechanisms. | the activation patterns of surface adherent neutrophils are modulated via interaction of extracellular matrix proteins with neutrophil integrins. to evaluate neutrophil bactericidal activity, staphylococcus aureus adherent to biological surfaces were incubated with neutrophils and serum, and the survival of surface bacteria was determined. when compared to albumin-coated surfaces, the bactericidal activity of neutrophils adherent to purified human extracellular matrix was markedly enhanced (mean ... | 1990 | 2394841 |
| polyclonal activation of rat b cells. ii. dextran sulfate as a cofactor in mitogen-induced and antigen-induced differentiation of rat b lymphocytes. | salmonella typhimurium mitogen (stm) is a polyclonal activator of rat b lymphocytes, triggering them to proliferate, but not differentiate, to antibody-secreting cells. when lymphokines in the form of a supernatant from con a-stimulated splenocytes (cas) are added to b cell cultures activated by stm, only a small number of cells are driven to differentiate. only with the addition of a third signal provided by the polyanionic polysaccharide dextran sulfate (dxs) is significant rat b cell differen ... | 1990 | 2212646 |
| proteolytic fragmentation of sialophorin (cd43). localization of the activation-inducing site and examination of the role of sialic acid. | sialophorin (cd43) is the major surface mucin on many hematopoietic cells. it has been implicated in regulating the survival of t lymphocytes in the circulation, and its functions in vitro as the receptor of a t lymphocyte and monocyte activation pathway. the structure of cd43 was examined by protease treatment of lymphoblastoid cells bearing surface cd43. trypsin treatment converts cd43 (apparent mr 115,000) to species of apparent mr 100,000 called t-100, which remains cell-associated; however, ... | 1990 | 2230123 |
| establishment of a human b cell line that responds specifically to b cell growth factor. | a human b cell line (3d5) that responds specifically to b cell growth factor (bcgf) has been developed by a sequence of staphylococcus aureus cowen i activation, eb virus immortalization, and cloning. proliferative response to pha-stimulated t cell supernatant (pha-t-sup) and nonresponsiveness to ril-2 stimulation were factors used to screen positive cells. phenotype analysis with a flow cytometer indicated that: 1) 3d5 is a b cell line: 100% of the cells were positive for b1 marker and 59% were ... | 1990 | 2243835 |
| alteration of membrane oligosaccharides by castanospermine, an alpha glucosidase inhibitor, enhances immunoglobulin production in staphylococcus aureus cowan i-stimulated lymphocyte culture. | castanospermine (csp) inhibits alpha-glucosidase, which is involved in the initial step of n-linked oligosaccharide processing of secretory and membrane glycoproteins. in staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac)-stimulated human lymphocyte culture, csp at a dose of 20 micrograms/ml caused a twofold increase in immunoglobulin g (igg) release after 7 days. an initial 48-h exposure to csp sufficed for this enhancing effect. plaque-forming cell assays on the seventh day disclosed that csp caused an incre ... | 1990 | 2270434 |
| control of human b-lymphocyte replication. i. characterization of novel activation states that precede the entry of g0 b cells into cycle. | tonsillar b lymphocytes of a particularly high buoyant density were prepared essentially free of contaminating monocytes and t cells. when exposed to anti-immunoglobulin, such cells initiated the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids. this provides a postulated 'dual signal' for growth through the liberation of intracellular calcium stores and the activation of protein kinase c. nevertheless, neither anti-immunoglobulin nor direct agonists of this bifurcating pathway (respectively, calcium ionoph ... | 1986 | 2426188 |
| adherence of staphylococcus aureus to cell monolayers. | adherence of four strains of staphylococcus aureus to eukaryotic cell monolayers was assayed with [3h]-thymidine labelled bacterial cells and the results were analysed by non-parametric statistical tests. adherence to primary (human mesothelial) and semi-continuous (human embryonic lung) cell monolayers was significantly better than to continuous cell lines (hep2, hela and vero). hep2 cell monolayers provided the most reliable assay substrate of the continuous cell lines tested. variation occurr ... | 1990 | 2286582 |
| bacterial iron enhances oxygen radical-mediated killing of staphylococcus aureus by phagocytes. | it has been shown that increasing bacterial iron concentration enhances killing by hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) but not by polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmn). it is possible that owing to the multiple bactericidal mechanisms of the pmn, differences in the killing rate of iron-loaded bacteria and control bacteria are obscured. we decided, therefore, to compare the killing of iron-loaded bacteria with that of control bacteria using human monocytes (mn), pmn, and pmn-derived cytoplasts. incubation of ... | 1990 | 2294055 |
| [total hip prosthesis infected with salmonella dublin]. | in 1983, the bovine-specific salmonella dublin was demonstrated in man in denmark. the organism is frequently isolated from blood but rarely causes gastroenteritis. the frequency of infection following hip replacement is less than 2% with staphylococcus aureus as the commonest agent while gram-negative rods are rarer but are considered to be more serious. infection around a hip replacement frequently implies that the prosthesis must be removed. a case in which a hip replacement was infected with ... | 1990 | 2309373 |
| subclass distribution of antigen-specific iga antibodies in normal donors and individuals with homozygous c alpha 1 or c alpha 2 gene deletions. | to analyze the subclass restriction of ag-specific iga, sera and saliva from healthy blood donors and from iga class or subclass deficient individuals were studied. the latter included donors with or without c alpha 1 or c alpha 2 gene deletions. monoclonal human iga1 and a genetically engineered iga2 antibody, normal human serum and colostrum iga were used as standards to estimate serum and saliva levels of ag-specific antibodies. in normal individuals, there was a strong iga1 preference of nat ... | 1990 | 2162886 |
| killing of coccidioides immitis by hypochlorous acid or monochloramine. | to identify possible explanations for the resistance of coccidioides immitis to killing by human neutrophils, its susceptibility to typical oxidants generated during the neutrophil respiratory burst was compared to the sensitivity of other microbes. when microbial suspensions were exposed to hypochlorous acid, arthroconidia or spherules of c. immitis were killed more slowly than yeast cells of candida (torulopsis) glabrata or staphylococcus aureus. in contrast, exposure to the more lipophilic ox ... | 1990 | 2166156 |
| effect of human serum on the bactericidal activity of daptomycin and vancomycin against staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates as determined by time-kill kinetic studies. | the bactericidal activity of daptomycin and vancomycin alone in cation-supplemented mueller-hinton broth and in human serum against clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by exposing replicating microorganisms to concentrations ranging from 2 to 128 micrograms/ml for 24 hr. in addition, the possibility of emergence of resistance, the stability of each agent in the respective medium, and the percent of protein binding by hum ... | 1990 | 2166634 |
| regulation of human monocyte/macrophage function by extracellular matrix. adherence of monocytes to collagen matrices enhances phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria by activation of complement receptors and enhancement of fc receptor function. | in inflammation monocytes emigrate from the peripheral circulation into an extravascular area rich in extracellular matrix proteins. in this milieu, phagocytes ingest and kill invading pathogens. in the present studies, we found that monocytes adhered to type i collagen gels phagocytized 2.5-12-fold more opsonized escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, and streptococcus pneumoniae than plastic-adherent monocytes. the rate of phagocytosis and the number of bacteria inges ... | 1990 | 2168442 |
| antibody responses to protein a in patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. | to assess the significance of antibody to staphylococcus aureus protein a (spa) in human sera, we developed a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). spa antibody levels in 23 patients with s. aureus endocarditis (ie), 21 patients with non-ie s. aureus bacteremia, and 33 controls were measured. geometric mean levels of antibody to spa were significantly higher in s. aureus ie patients (134 elisa units [eu]) than in uninfected controls (52 eu; p less than 0.01). also, a significantly ... | 1990 | 2324274 |
| ingestion of legionella micdadei inhibits human neutrophil function. | legionella micdadei is a human pathogen which survives within leukocytes. to determine how this organism escapes intracellular destruction, we examined its effect on human neutrophil activity. neutrophils were allowed to ingest l. micdadei prior to evaluation of functional activity. compared with control cells which did not ingest organisms, cells ingesting l. micdadei showed significantly depressed production of superoxide anion (24.5 +/- 9.0 nmol/10(6) cells per 15 min versus 6.9 +/- 3.2 nmol/ ... | 1990 | 2169462 |
| impairment of neutrophil chemotactic and bactericidal function in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and partial reversal after in vitro exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | because polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the most important component of host defense against bacteria, we assessed their function in 13 children with asymptomatic and 12 with symptomatic infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), and compared their values with healthy adult control values. the functions assessed were (1) chemotaxis, (2) bacterial phagocytosis, (3) superoxide generation, and (4) bactericidal activity. chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils toward the chemo ... | 1990 | 2170609 |
| [chemiluminescence of human lymphocytes in reactions with staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan]. | the capacity of s. aureus peptidoglycan (pg) for inducing the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human lymphocytes has been studied. lymphocytes taken from adult donors have been found to give dose-dependent reaction to s. aureus pg, while lymphocytes from newborn infants have been inert under the same conditions. essential differences in the kinetics of response to pg (the maximum intensity of chemiluminescence occurs in 25-30 minutes) and to phytohemagglutinin (the maximum intensity is rea ... | 1990 | 2368534 |
| separation and characterization of modified variants of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor i derived from a fusion protein secreted from escherichia coli. | human insulin-like growth factor i, igf-i, was produced in escherichia coli fused to a synthetic igg-binding peptide the fusion protein is secreted into the medium during fermentation and was initially purified on an igg-sepharose column. after hydroxylamine cleavage, igf-i was purified to homogeneity. during purification, impurities in the form of modified variants of igf-i were detected and characterized. the closely related impurities were identified to be a misfolded form of igf-i, having mi ... | 1990 | 2173560 |
| influence of subinhibitory concentrations of loracarbef (ly 163892) and daptomycin (ly 146032) on bacterial phagocytosis, killing and serum sensitivity. | the aim of this study was to evaluate whether pre-exposure of bacteria to a subinhibitory concentration (sub-mic) of loracarbef (ly 163892) or daptomycin (ly 146032) could modify bacterial susceptibility to serum bactericidal activity and to phagocytosis and killing by murine peritoneal macrophages and by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae type b and staphylococcus aureus grown in the presence of one quarter the mic of loracarbef, and s. aureus exposed t ... | 1990 | 2174852 |
| phosphatase activity of staphylococci is constitutive in some species and repressed by phosphates in others. | the phosphatase activities of colonies of staphylococcal strains belonging to the 10 species most frequently isolated from specimens of human origin were evaluated on media with undetermined inorganic phosphate contents and on media supplemented with known amounts of phosphates. all strains of all species tested were phosphatase positive on plates that were not supplemented with inorganic phosphates when the ph of the medium was high. in media supplemented with 0.3% phosphates at low and high ph ... | 1990 | 2177749 |
| the ability of recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to protect neonatal rats from septic death due to staphylococcus aureus. | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) potentiates in vitro and in vivo production of granulocytes. also, recombinant human gm-csf in vitro enhances functional capabilities of human granulocytes. recombinant murine (rm) gm-csf was administered to neonatal rats in vivo to test its ability to protect from septic death due to staphylococcus aureus. when rmgm-csf was given intraperitoneally 6 h before a 90% lethal dose challenge of s. aureus, peak survival was observed at a dose o ... | 1990 | 2192004 |
| 'fetal-type' b and t lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and primary sjögren's syndrome. | b lymphocytes expressing cd5 (cd5+b cells) and t lymphocytes using the gamma and delta chains to form their antigen receptor (gamma delta +t cells) are major populations in developing fetuses, but become relatively minor in normal adults. however, both subsets are expanded in the peripheral blood of more than 50% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and primary sjögren's syndrome. we have examined the surface phenotype of these subsets using flow cytometry and have studied the frequency of igm- ... | 1989 | 2476142 |
| myristic acid is incorporated into the two acylatable domains of the functional glycoprotein cd9 in ester, but not in amide bonds. | cd9 is a signal-initiating glycoprotein of uncertain membrane insertion which contains more than one locus of acylation and is distinguished by being the major acylatable platelet protein. the n-terminus of cd9 is blocked to edman degradation. we investigated whether [3h]myristic acid could be incorporated into cd9, whether that incorporation occurred via an amide linkage, and whether myristate and palmitate were differentially incorporated into the two domains. pulse-labeling studies, performed ... | 1990 | 2194573 |
| a fast and easy method to determine the production of reactive oxygen intermediates by human and murine phagocytes using dihydrorhodamine 123. | analysis of the functional activity of phagocytes is of great importance in the differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent bacterial infections. here we describe a method to determine the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) by microcytofluorometry using dihydrorhodamine 123, a derivative of rhodamine 123. using this method the roi production of erythrocyte-depleted whole blood samples can be measured without further time-consuming purification steps. possible harmful manipul ... | 1990 | 2391431 |
| regulation of human ige response by t cells and their products. | an in vitro experimental system for the induction of human ige production has been established with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl). for the assessment of ige produced in vitro, a sensitive elisa method has been developed by employing monoclonal anti-ige antibodies. the stimulation of pbl with pokeweed mitogen plus staphylococcus aureus strain cowan i induced polyclonal ige response. t cells from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, after activation with purified protein derivative and ... | 1985 | 2409024 |
| deposition of c3b and ic3b onto particulate activators of the human complement system. quantitation with monoclonal antibodies to human c3. | monoclonal antibodies were used to determine the number and molecular form of c3 bound to particulate activators of the complement (c) system by human serum. sheep erythrocytes (e) coated with igm (eigm) and igg (eigg) were used to study activation of the classical pathway (cp). yeast (y), rabbit erythrocytes (er), and five species of bacteria (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, streptococcus pyogenes, and hemophilus influenzae type b) were used to study ac ... | 1985 | 2409200 |
| immunological uniqueness of human monoamine oxidases a and b: new evidence from studies with monoclonal antibodies to human monoamine oxidase a. | monoamine oxidase (ec 1.4.3.4; mao) is the primary enzyme responsible for the intraneuronal degradation of biogenic amines in the central nervous system. an understanding of the physiological significance of the functional and regulatory differences between the two forms of the enzyme, maos a and b, would be facilitated by the availability of antibodies specific for the two forms of the enzyme. we previously isolated and characterized a monoclonal antibody (mao b-1c2, previously designated mao-1 ... | 1985 | 2414414 |
| antibodies to lipoteichoic acid from staphylococcus aureus. specificity of murine monoclonal and human antibodies. | two monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (lta) were made by fusing p3x63ag8 myeloma cells and splenocytes from mice immunized with purified lta. both were isotyped as being igm kappa. their specificities were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicating that both antibodies reacted with the glycerol-phosphate backbone, while one of them also had some affinity for the alanyl substituent. antibodies in serum from 7 multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and serum ... | 1985 | 2424261 |
| [range of the antigenic specificity of peptidoglycan in staphylococcus aureus compared to other representatives of the staphylococcus genus]. | in investigations based on the use of a highly sensitive test system permitting the detection of normal human antibodies to s. aureus peptidoglycan, the antigenic relationships between the peptidoglycans of s. aureus and other representatives of the genus staphylococcus have been studied. among other staphylococcal species, s. simulans, s. xylosus, s. hyicus, s. cohnii, s. hyicus s. s. chromogenes have been found to possess peptidoglycans most closely related to s. aureus peptidoglycans, while s ... | 1986 | 2428191 |
| monoclonal antibody recognizing pre-s(2) epitope of hepatitis b virus: characterization of pre-s(2) epitope and anti-pre-s(2) antibody. | a hybrid cell line producing monoclonal antibodies recognizing an epitope encoded by the pre-(s)2 region of hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome was obtained by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with lymphocytes from mice immunized with hbv. the monoclonal antibody mo-f124 secreted from the hybrid line reacted with the pre-s(2) epitope expressed on the surface of both viral and recombinant hbsag particles--pre-s(2) and s gene product--localised on 34 kd glycoprotein of the viral envelope. the pre-s(2) epi ... | 1986 | 2430050 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced changes of the keratin type intermediate filament in rat epithelial cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of human fibroblast cells grown in culture induces reorganization of the cytoskeleton fibrillar structures. normal transport and insertion of hsv glycoproteins into the plasma membrane of the cells depend on the integrity of the microtubules. the natural host cells for hsv are epithelial cells, and an epithelial cell line established from rat palate was used in the present study. the effect of virus on the structure of the intermediate filaments and ... | 1987 | 2434610 |
| il-2 dependence of the promotion of human b cell differentiation by il-6 (bsf-2). | the effect of ril-6 on the growth and differentiation of highly purified human peripheral blood b cells was examined. il-6 alone induced minimal incorporation of [3h]thymidine by unstimulated or staphylococcus aureus (sa)-stimulated b cells and did not augment proliferation induced by sa and il-2. similarly, il-6 alone did not support the generation of ig-secreting cells (isc) or induce the secretion of ig by unstimulated or sa-stimulated b cells. however, il-6 did augment the generation of isc ... | 1990 | 2295801 |
| the effect of uv-light on human skin microorganisms. | pityrosporum orbiculare, candida albicans, staphylococcus epidermidis and s. aureus were irradiated with uva and uvb light in vitro. uvb inhibited growth much more effectively than uva. p. orbiculare was the most sensitive and s. aureus the least sensitive organism. with a dose of 900 mj cm-2 of uvb a 50 times reduction in number of colony forming units was seen for s. aureus and for the other organisms a total inhibition of growth was seen. when p. orbiculare was irradiated with monochromatic l ... | 1987 | 2436418 |
| structure-activity relationship of gramicidin s analogues on membrane permeability. | the previous study of the action of gramicidin s on bacteria (katsu, t., kobayashi, h. and fujita, y. (1986) biochim. biophys. acta 860, 608-619) prompted us to investigate further the structure-activity relationship of the gramicidin s analogues on membrane permeability. two types of the gramicidin s analogues were used in the present study: (1) cyclo(-x-d-leu-d-lys-d-leu-l-pro-)2, where x = gly, d-leu and d-cyclohexylalanine (d-chxala); (2) n,n'-diacetyl derivative of gramicidin s (diacetyl-gr ... | 1987 | 2437956 |
| specific binding of the human s protein (vitronectin) to streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli. | specific binding of the 125i-labeled human s protein (vitronectin) which has been shown to be identical with serum-spreading factor, was observed with group a, c, and g streptococci as well as with staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. the specific binding of s protein to group a, c, and g streptococci was high, whereas the binding to s. aureus and e. coli cultures was moderate. in contrast, group b streptococci and a number of other bacterial species tested did not interact with s protein ... | 1987 | 2440809 |
| differential effects of interleukin 2 vs b cell growth factor on human b cells. | the effects of recombinant interleukin 2 (il-2) and high m.w. (hmw) b cell growth factor (bcgf) were examined on normal human peripheral blood b cells activated with staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac). when sac-activated b cells were separated into tac-antigen (tac-ag)+ and tac-ag- fractions by a cell sorter, recombinant il-2 induced only the tac-ag+ cells to proliferate, whereas both tac-ag+ and tac-ag- cells responded to hmw-bcgf (m.w. 60,000). alternatively, sac-activated b cells were separa ... | 1988 | 2447179 |
| incorporation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide by human leu-11a+ natural killer cells. ultrastructural and functional correlations. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) of gram-negative bacteria are known to augment the ability of macrophages and natural killer (nk) cells to lyse susceptible target cells. in the present studies, we sought correlations between the ultrastructural changes and function of leu-11a+ cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells which occurred as a result of their incorporation of lps. we also studied the effect of lps on the nk activity of purified leu-11a+ cells. lps samples from e. coli and pseudomona ... | 1988 | 2448547 |
| quantitative analysis of 6-keto-prostaglandin f1 alpha using immunoaffinity purification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | this paper describes an immunoaffinity purification technique for 6-keto-prostaglandin f1 alpha (6kpgf1 alpha) prior to quantitative analysis by high-resolution gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (hrgc-nicims). polyclonal antibodies to 6kpgf1 alpha were partially purified using staphylococcus aureus protein a immobilized on sepharose cl-4b. this partially purified fraction was covalently bound to silica gel using n-hydroxysuccinimidyl-functionalized silica. col ... | 1988 | 2452173 |
| virus enhances histamine release from human basophils. | histamine release from human basophil leukocytes was triggered by staph. aureus or by complement activation caused by endotoxins isolated from e. coli or salmonella bacteria. influenza a virus was found to enhance the mediator release and the effect was caused by synergism, since the virus itself did not release histamine. the potentiating effect of the virus was abolished by a potent neuraminidase inhibitor. furthermore, a purified neuraminidase preparation obtained from vibrio cholerae caused ... | 1988 | 2455978 |
| histamine release from human adenoidal and mesenteric mast cells induced by bacterial antigens. | the histamine-releasing capability of staphylococcus aureus antigens was examined in human adenoidal and mesenteric mast cells obtained by enzymic dispersion of tissues from non-allergic patients. both populations of mast cells released histamine after challenge with bacterial protein in concentrations between 5-500 micrograms/ml. the release was dependent on the dose, temperature and metabolic energy. the maximum release was observed at 15 min after challenge. the present results suggest that s ... | 1988 | 2455998 |
| a solubilized t-cell receptor from a human leukemia cell line binds to a ligand in the absence of mhc products. | a human t cell alpha beta antigen receptor from the acute lymphoblastoid leukemia line hpb-all (also called hpb-mlt) binds and is precipitated in detergent-solubilized form by an antigen present on the surface and secreted by several strains of the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus. this binding is completely independent of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. receptor/ligand binding is unique to this one cell line (i.e., clonotypic) and furthermore completely blocked by ... | 1988 | 2456266 |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor (csf-1) is expressed by spontaneously outgrown ebv-b cell lines and activated normal b lymphocytes. | human b lymphocytes activated by mitogens or infected by epstein barr virus (ebv) have previously been shown to release colony-stimulating activity (csa) supporting the growth of normal human bone marrow progenitors. we established five different human ebv-b cell lines spontaneously outgrown from nonmalignant peripheral blood cells and long-term bone marrow cultures. csa derived from all of these lines induces the growth of murine macrophage colonies, whereas virtually no human bone marrow cell ... | 1989 | 2546636 |
| in vivo activation of neutrophil function in hamsters by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. | the in vivo effect of escherichia coli-derived recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil function was studied in golden syrian hamsters. significant increases in superoxide generation and specific binding of n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine were observed in neutrophils isolated 4 h following a single subcutaneous injection of the factor (30 micrograms/kg). however, phagocytotic activity was not significantly stimulated in hamsters treated with the factor. recomb ... | 1988 | 2459064 |
| regulatory role of cd19 molecules in b-cell activation and differentiation. | cluster of differentiation ([cd]) 19 antigens are b-cell-specific molecules expressed on virtually all human cells of the b-lymphocyte lineage except plasma cells. we produced a new anti-cd19 monoclonal antibody (mcab), clb-cd19, that was used to study the role of cd19 molecules in b-cell activation. anti-cd19 mcab induced mobilization of free intracellular calcium ([ca2+]i) in daudi cells, but not in normal spleen or tonsillar b cells, for which crosslinking with a second anti-mouse ig antibody ... | 1989 | 2463100 |
| the alpha 1 domain of the hla-dr molecule is essential for high-affinity binding of the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. | several exoproteins from the bacterium staphylococcus aureus are highly potent polyclonal activators of t cells in the presence of cells bearing class ii antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). these toxins, including the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst-1), act at nanomolar concentrations, bind directly to class ii molecules, and do not require the processing typical of nominal antigen. each toxin is capable of stimulating a subpopulation of peripheral t lymphocytes bearing part ... | 1990 | 2377209 |
| structure-function analysis of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein by protease digestion and expression of cdna fragments in escherichia coli. | in an attempt to define an active domain of the protein, fragments of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) were obtained by limited digestion of the native, plasma-derived protein with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or staphylococcus aureus v8 protease or by expression of cetp cdna restriction fragments in escherichia coli. although digestion of native cetp with these proteases resulted in extensive fragmentation of the protein and loss of the intact 74-kda molecule as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfa ... | 1989 | 2472395 |
| [effects of il-2 and il-6 on the immunoglobulin synthesis of lymphocytes from cvid patients]. | peripheral blood lymphocytes from five hypogammaglobulinemic patients suffering from common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) were stimulated with staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). the assays were substituted with interleukin-2 (il-2) and interleukin-6 (il-6) in different combinations. in three patients who were deficient for igm in vivo a combination of sac and il-2 induced a normal igm synthesis in vitro. in these patients a deficient il-2 synthesis is probably the ... | 1990 | 2379934 |
| the in vivo effect of colony stimulating factors (csfs) on phagocytic functions of granulocytes. | the effect of commercially available colony stimulating factors and mouse post-endotoxin serum on bactericidal activity and phagocytosis of bacteria by blood neutrophils was tested on mice in vivo after intraperitoneal injection. it was found that tested substances are able to induce phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of blood granulocytes. the similar patterns of these actions during 48 hours were observed for mouse il-3 and human gm-csf and for gct-cm and post-endotoxin serum. | 1989 | 2487368 |
| stimulation of t cells and induction of interferon by toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. | toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1) is a potent immunomodulating substance isolated from staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome (tss). flow cytometric analysis was used to compare scatter changes in several cell-surface phenotype markers on human mononuclear cells exposed in vitro to tsst-1 or to phytohemagglutinin, a lectin with similar effects on the immune response. the results showed differences between pha and tsst-1 in the appearance of the tested t cell subse ... | 1989 | 2494690 |
| amino terminus is essential to the structural integrity of recombinant human interferon-gamma. | species lacking either 8 or 10 residues at the amino terminus of recombinant human interferon-gamma (hu-ifn-gamma) were generated by limited digestion with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. a crude digest, consisting predominantly of these species, were completely inactive in inducing antiviral activity and the expression of hla-dr antigens on hl-60 cells. the nh2-terminal deletion fragments were separated from residual intact ifn-gamma and from smaller polypeptides by reverse phase high perfor ... | 1989 | 2501300 |
| studies on the role of glycosylation for human corticosteroid-binding globulin: comparison with that for thyroxine-binding globulin. | the role of glycosylation on the secretion and the stability of human corticosteroid binding globulin (cbg) was studied. cells of the human hepatoma line were labeled by [35s]methionine in presence of or absence of tunicamycin (tm). media or cells were harvested at 0, 3, 6, and 20 h after the addition of excess unlabeled methionine. media and cell lysates were incubated with anti-cbg serum and immune complexes were precipitated with staphylococcus aureus protein a (pansorbin). immunoprecipitates ... | 1989 | 2503369 |
| effect of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 on human hemostatic parameters. | the effect of toxic-shock-syndrome-toxin-1 (tsst-1) on coagulation and platelet aggregation was studied in blood samples from human healthy volunteers. tsst-1 at 5 micrograms/ml does not modify the extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathways. however, thrombin clotting time (tct) was significantly increased in the presence of tsst-1. platelet aggregation was not directly affected by tsst-1 but the toxin strongly inhibited platelet aggregation induced either by epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate ... | 1989 | 2503907 |
| eicosanoids produced during interactions between pseudomonas aeruginosa and alveolar macrophages are species-dependent. | eicosanoid production during phagocytosis of pyogenic bacteria by rabbit alveolar macrophages was studied as a model of early events in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. adherent alveolar macrophages, prelabelled with [3h]-arachidonic acid (aa), were incubated with live, opsonized staphylococcus aureus or pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria:macrophage ratio of 50:1) at 37 degrees c for 90 min. supernatant eicosanoids were extracted and separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography ... | 1989 | 2507445 |
| disinfection with gaseous formaldehyde. fifth part: influence of albumin, mucin and blood on the bactericidal and sporicidal effectiveness. | the influence of 0.1% peptone, 0.2% albumin, 1% mucin solutions and whole human blood on the inactivation of staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538 and spores of bacillus subtilis var. niger dsm 675 was determined. the bactericidal and sporicidal effectiveness of 0.75, 1.5 and 3.2 mg hcho l-1 air at temperatures of 35, 40, 45 degrees c and a relative humidity (rh) of 90% decreased in the following order of loading substances: peptone, albumin, mucin and blood. the calculated d-values of the microorgani ... | 1989 | 2510751 |
| mobiluncus species and other anaerobic bacteria in non-puerperal breast abscesses. | samples of 109 breast masses were cultured aerobically and anaerobically for mobiluncus spp. using selective and non-selective media. two of the 103 evaluable samples were sterile and 57 (55%) yielded facultative bacteria only. the remaining 44 (43%) contained anaerobic growth alone or mixed infections. seven (16%) of the 44 samples with anaerobes, six from women and one from a man, yielded mobiluncus spp. six were identified as mobiluncus curtisii and one as mobiluncus mulieris. there were two ... | 1989 | 2512148 |
| two distinct gi-proteins mediate formyl peptide receptor signal transduction in human leukemia (hl-60) cells. | in membranes of myeloid differentiated hl-60 cells, the chemotactic peptide n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine stimulates phospholipase c via a pertussis toxin-sensitive g-protein but does not inhibit adenylyl cyclase. in these membranes, the chemotactic peptide markedly stimulates the cholera toxin-dependent [32p]adp-ribosylation of two proteins with approximate molecular masses of 40 and 41 kda, respectively. the radiolabeled proteins comigrate on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ... | 1989 | 2513319 |
| immunoelectron microscopy of bacillus subtilis cells secreting human interferon alpha 1 or staphylokinase. | post-embedding labelling techniques with colloidal gold-igg or -protein a complexes were used to determine the subcellular location of ifn alpha 1 and staphylokinase secreted from bacillus subtilis gb500 cells. both proteins were present in the cytoplasma and the cell envelope pointing to a posttranslational mode of translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane. 5- to 10-fold higher concentrations of gold particles per 0.1 micron 2 were found on the cell envelope and clustering was observed sugg ... | 1989 | 2515105 |
| modulation of anti-candida activity of human alveolar macrophages by interferon-gamma or interleukin-1-alpha. | the fungicidal and bactericidal activities of human alveolar macrophages (am) and peripheral blood monocytes (pbm) from 18 healthy volunteers were evaluated. the results showed that am were able to phagocytize and kill candida albicans, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus. however, killing of the bacteria was already complete in 2 h, whereas killing of candida required 4 to 6 h despite an early phagocytosis of yeast cells. the fungicidal activity of freshly collected am and pbm was ... | 1989 | 2516451 |
| mapping of a phosphorylation site in the 176r (19 kda) early region 1b protein of human adenovirus type 5. | the 176-residue (176r) early region 1b (e1b) protein of human adenovirus type 5 (ad5) was shown to be phosphorylated at serine in lytically infected kb cells at a level estimated to be about one phosphate group per 28 176r molecules. through the analysis of peptides generated by cleavage with cyanogen bromide and staphylococcus aureus v-8 protease the phosphorylation site was mapped to ser-164. using site-directed mutagenesis, a mutant was produced in which the codon for ser-164 was changed to t ... | 1989 | 2521265 |
| the v beta-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin b: stimulation of mature t cells and clonal deletion in neonatal mice. | staphylococcal enterotoxin b is known to be a powerful t cell stimulant in mouse and man. in this paper we show that, for mice, this is because the protein in association with major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules stimulates virtually all t cells bearing v beta 3 and v beta 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3, and few others. neonatal mice given the enterotoxin eliminate all mature, and some immature, t cells bearing these v beta s, demonstrating that tolerance to exogenously administered antigen ca ... | 1989 | 2521300 |
| role of il-2 in the generation of cd4+ suppressors of human b cell responsiveness. | the capacity of human t4 cells stimulated by immobilized monoclonal antibodies to the cd3 molecular complex (64.1 and okt3) to induce and regulate b cell responsiveness was examined. t4 cells stimulated by low concentrations of immobilized 64.1 (3.0 ng/well) and all concentrations of immobilized okt3 supported b cell proliferation and differentiation. high concentrations of immobilized 64.1 (200 ng/well) failed to stimulate help but rather induced suppression by t4 cells. suppression was prevent ... | 1989 | 2523423 |
| multiple forms of ifn-beta 2/il-6 in serum and body fluids during acute bacterial infection. | many of the major alterations in plasma proteins characteristic of the hepatic acute phase response are regulated by ifn-beta 2/il-6. using a specific bioassay for ifn-beta 2/il-6, which relies on the induction of the hepatic acute phase plasma protein alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in the human hepatoma cell line hep3b clone 2 and its inhibition by anti-rifn-beta 2/il-6 antiserum, we have detected high levels of ifn-beta 2/il-6 in the body fluids of patients with acute bacterial infections. cerebrosp ... | 1989 | 2536416 |
| the 40-kda fc gamma receptor (fcrii) on human neutrophils is essential for the igg-induced respiratory burst and igg-induced phagocytosis. | neutrophils express two types of receptor for the fc region of igg, fcrii and fcriii. per neutrophil, 10,000 to 20,000 molecules of fcrii (40 kda) and 100,000 to 200,000 molecules of fcriii (50 to 80 kda) are expressed. via these receptors, neutrophils bind igg complexes that contain more than one igg molecule. this binding activates functional processes, such as the respiratory burst and phagocytosis. we studied the contribution of fcrii and fcriii in the activation of these processes, using we ... | 1989 | 2538508 |
| antimicrobial activity of clove oil dispersed in a concentrated sugar solution. | essential oil of clove, dispersed (0.4% v/v) in a concentrated sugar solution, had a marked germicidal effect against various bacteria and candida albicans. staphylococcus aureus (five strains), klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, clostridium perfringens, and escherichia coli inoculated at a level of 10(7) cfu/ml, and c. albicans (inoculum 4.0 x 10(5) cfu/ml) were killed (greater than 99.999%) after 2-7 min in a laboratory broth supplemented with 63% (v/w) of sugar, and containing 0.4 ... | 1989 | 2542213 |
| fce 22101 and fce 22891: in-vitro antibacterial activity at concentrations simulating human plasma levels following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. | the plasma concentrations of fce 22101 observed following slow intravenous infusions (1 and 4 h), intramuscular injection and after oral administration of the prodrug fce 22891 were simulated in a glass chamber containing bacterial cultures. the bacteria used were staphylococcus aureus atcc 13709, staph. aureus 2101 (methicillin-resistant), streptococcus faecium atcc 8043, escherichia coli atcc 12407, enterobacter cloacae 1321e and ent. cloacae p99 (cefazolin-resistant). addition of fce 22101 wa ... | 1989 | 2659570 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin b and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 bind to distinct sites on hla-dr and hla-dq molecules. | staphylococcal enterotoxins (se) activate human t cells in vitro. this requires the presence of ia+ accessory cells but does not require processing of the toxin by the accessory cell. we and others have recently demonstrated direct binding of se to human mhc class ii molecules. in this study, we have compared in detail the ability of class ii molecules to bind two se, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) and seb. scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data indicate that seb binds to ia+ huma ... | 1989 | 2551962 |
| bacteria and inflammatory cells reduce chorioamniotic membrane integrity and tensile strength. | bacteria and the inflammatory response they engender are implicated in the pathophysiology of premature rupture of fetal membranes and preterm birth. we tested the hypothesis that bacteria and polymorphonuclear neutrophils may have both separate and combined effects in weakening the amniochorionic membrane, and thus predispose to premature rupture of membranes. we examined how three parameters of membrane integrity (bursting tension, work to rupture, and elasticity) were affected by standardized ... | 1989 | 2552366 |
| histamine and inositol phosphate accumulation in endothelium: camp and a g protein. | histamine increases microvascular permeability through a calcium-dependent process, and histamine occupancy of the h1-receptor increases calcium in cultured endothelial cells. agents that increase adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) in endothelial cells prevent the in vivo increase in microvascular permeability that follows histamine exposure. in the current experiments, histamine occupancy of the h1-receptor increased the flux of albumin across monolayers of cultured human umbilical vei ... | 1989 | 2552829 |
| the effects of an occlusive zinc medicated dressing on the bacterial flora in excised wounds in the rat. | the effects of three different dressings - two occlusive and one non-occlusive - on the bacterial flora of excised wounds in rats were studied. the number of colony forming units per gram of granulation tissue were significantly lower 4, 8 and 12 days postoperatively in wounds treated with a zinc medicated occlusive dressing compared with wounds treated with non-zinc medicated occlusive hydrocolloid dressing or wet-to-dry non-occlusive gauze dressing. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) o ... | 1989 | 2714861 |
| adenosine regulates the respiratory burst of cytokine-triggered human neutrophils adherent to biologic surfaces. | the effect of adenosine on the respiratory burst was investigated using human neutrophils adherent to serum-coated surfaces. adenosine caused complete suppression of the respiratory burst elicited by tnf-alpha, fmlp, or csf for granulocytes; partial suppression of the response to csf for granulocytes/macrophages, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, or uncoated polystyrene surfaces; and no suppression of the response to pma. in most experiments, 4.7 x 10(-7) m and 2.5 ... | 1989 | 2738405 |
| human neutrophils are not severely injured in conditions mimicking social drinking. | in an attempt to assess the effect of alcohol per se on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn), irrespective of other physiopathological parameters, we examined neutrophil function in healthy volunteers who had taken a single large dose of whisky. before and at different times after ingestion, several pmn properties were simultaneously tested including random migration, in vitro chemotaxis, adherence, aggregation, cytochrome c reduction, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, intracellular camp and ... | 1989 | 2552861 |
| effects of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on staphylococcus aureus mastitis in lactating dairy cows. | the in vivo effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on blood and milk leukocytes in dairy cows was examined. a 2-fold increase in peripheral white blood cell counts was observed by d 5 of treatment and peaked on d 12 with values 3-fold those of controls. counts remained elevated above pretreatment values during the treatment period, then returned to normal by d 23 of the trial. differential white blood cell counts demonstrated that neutrophils predominated (73.8%) in t ... | 1989 | 2483406 |
| interferon-gamma, staphylococcus aureus, and lipopolysaccharide/silica enhance interleukin-1 beta production by human corneal cells. | cultures derived from human corneo-scleral rims remaining after a central corneal button had been removed for transplantation, revealed two types of cells on light microscopy: one with typical epithelial morphology and the other resembling fibroblasts. both cell types contained keratin filaments in early passage and were therefore considered epithelial in nature. the fibroblast-like cells were designated fibroblast-like epithelial cells (fle) while the typical epithelial cells were referred to a ... | 1989 | 2484299 |
| characterisation and molecular cloning of the novel macrolide-streptogramin b resistance determinant from staphylococcus epidermidis. | a total of 110 staphylococcal isolates from human skin were found to express a novel type of erythromycin resistance. the bacteria were resistant to 14-membered ring macrolides (mic 32-128 mg/l) but were sensitive to 16-membered ring macrolides and lincosamides. resistance to type b streptogramins was inducible by erythromycin. a similar phenotype, designated ms resistance, was previously described in clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci from the usa. in the uk, ms resistance is ... | 1989 | 2559912 |
| role of myeloperoxidase in the killing of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils: studies with the myeloperoxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid. | we have used salicylhydroxamic acid (sham) to inhibit intraphagosomal myeloperoxidase activity in order to evaluate the role of this enzyme in the killing of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. 50 microm-sham reduced the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response stimulated during phagocytosis of unopsonized latex beads and opsonized s. aureus by over 80% and 60%, respectively. when opsonized s. aureus were incubated with neutrophils, 45% were killed within 15 min incubation and 60% by ... | 1989 | 2559945 |
| in-vitro effects of cilofungin (ly121019), amphotericin b and amphotericin b-deoxycholate on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. | the in-vitro influence of cilofungin (ly121019) and amphotericin b on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) was studied by a multifunctional approach. cilofungin at high concentration (greater than or equal to 20 mg/l) increased adherence to plastic and ingestion of staphylococcus aureus by pmns in suspension and candida albicans by adherent pmns, and slightly decreased mtt reduction and superoxide generation. amphotericin b and amphotericin b-deoxycholate decreased adherence to plastic (ic5 ... | 1989 | 2557318 |
| staphylococcus aureus-stimulated mononuclear leucocyte-conditioned medium increases the neutrophil bactericidal activity, and augments oxygen radical production and degranulation in response to the bacteria. | conditioned medium produced by human mononuclear leucocytes (mnl) stimulated with formalin-fixed, heat-killed staphylococcus aureus enhanced the killing of opsonized s. aureus by human neutrophils. this enhancement was not seen when conditioned medium from non-stimulated mnl or medium cultured in the absence of both bacteria and mnl was used. there was a five-fold decrease in survival of bacteria when neutrophils were treated with conditioned medium. conditioned medium-treated neutrophils showed ... | 1989 | 2558821 |
| contamination of endoscopes used in aids patients. | contamination of twenty endoscopes used in patients with aids was assessed. the suction-biopsy, air, and water channels and the insertion tube were sampled after use, after washing in detergent, and after disinfection for 2 min in 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde. the polymerase chain reaction with southern blotting, cell cultures, and antigen immunoassay were used to detect human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). samples were also examined for cytomegalovirus, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, herpes simplex ... | 1989 | 2567880 |
| increased expression of leucocyte adherence-related glycoproteins by polymorphonuclear leucocytes during phagocytosis of staphylococci on an endothelial surface. | phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) on the surface of endothelial cells is accompanied by adherence of the pmn to the endothelial surface and detachment of the endothelial cells from the culture monolayer. we studied the role of the leucocyte adherence-related glycoproteins (leu-cam: mo1/lfa-1/150,95 or cd11a-c-cd18 complex) in these processes. phagocytosis of s. aureus induced increased expression of the common beta chain (cd18) of leu-cam as demons ... | 1989 | 2569230 |
| local application of omega-conotoxin gvia to sympathetic nerve terminals in the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens. | staphylococcus aureus 502a was grown in the presence of one-third of the minimal inhibitory concentration of clindamycin. phagocytosis of the antibiotic-treated bacteria by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was significantly enhanced, compared with that of the untreated control (p less than 0.001). study of opsonization kinetics by a chemiluminescence assay demonstrated that clindamycin-treated staphylococci were opsonized more rapidly than control bacteria and that the serum concentration requ ... | 1989 | 2575417 |
| specific and cross-reacting antigens of staphylococcus aureus of human and canine origins. | biotype -specificity of staphylococcus aureus of human and canine origins has been found to be associated with thermolabile agglutinogens represented in s. aureus strains 17 and 61218, respectively. both strains also have exhibited a common thermostable antigen. on that basis, absorbed antisera have been developed for the differentiation of s. aureus of the two biotypes. in the present study, still another thermostable agglutinogen was established, shared by strain 17 and some s. aureus strains ... | 1985 | 2578480 |
| identification of a human protein that interacts with nuclear localization signals. | through a series of label transfer experiments, we have identified a hela cell nuclear protein that interacts with nuclear localization signals (nlss). the protein has a molecular weight of 66,000 and an isoelectric point of approximately 6. it associates with a synthetic peptide that contains the sv-40 t antigen nls peptide but not with an analogous peptide in which an asparagine is substituted for an essential lysine (un-nls peptide). in addition to these peptides, several proteins have been t ... | 1989 | 2592400 |
| recombinant interleukin (il) 2-induced human b cell differentiation is mediated by autocrine il6. | the molecular mechanism of the interleukin (il) 2-induced differentiation of human b cells has been investigated. the experimental results show that staphylococcus aureus cowan strain i (sac) activation alone induces il6 secretion from b cells. when b cells were activated by sac, there was an increased transcription of the il6 mrna. it reached the peak level by 6 h and rapidly decreased to an undetectable level within 24 h. the il6 concentration in the culture supernatants reached the peak at 24 ... | 1989 | 2606140 |
| [the effect of antifungal agents on the chemoluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. | the intensity of the formation of active forms of oxygen by staphylococcus-activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) was registered according to the level of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. peritoneal pmnl of rats were shown to be already in an activated state. activation probably occurred in the process of their penetration into the abdominal cavity. for this reason, further studies of three chloral and griseofulvin derivatives with respect to their influence on the metabolic activity ... | 1989 | 2609815 |
| [an in vitro micromethod for studying phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity of granulocytes from peripheral blood]. | a microcultivation method convenient for clinical objectives was prepared for simultaneous examination of phagocytic and bactericidal capability of human granulocytes, based on vital staining with acridine-orange. slides, on which nonheparinized blood from the examined individuals was poured out drop by drop, were assembled on the microcultivation camera, constructed by us. after one hour incubation the clot was removed and a suspension from staphylococcus aureus was poured out on the cellular f ... | 1989 | 2627903 |
| phagocytosis of particulate antigens by corneal epithelial cells stimulates interleukin-1 secretion and migration of langerhans cells into the central cornea. | under normal physiological conditions, the central corneal epithelium is devoid of ia+ langerhans cells. however, a variety of stimuli can induce the migration of peripheral langerhans cells into the central regions of the cornea. in the present study, langerhans cell migration was induced by the instillation of either sterile latex beads or formalin-killed staphylococcus aureus into shallow incisions in the central corneal epithelium. langerhans cells could be detected in the central cornea as ... | 1989 | 2641920 |
| high level expression in escherichia coli of the dna-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in a functional form utilizing domain-specific cleavage of a fusion protein. | a fragment comprising the dna-binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor has been expressed in a functional form in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with protein a from staphylococcus aureus. the dna-binding domain was purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography on igg-sepharose and dna-cellulose, a purification scheme which does not involve denaturation of the protein at any step. the dna-binding domain was separated from the protein a part of the fusion protein by ... | 1989 | 2642905 |
| role of endotoxemia in cardiovascular dysfunction and mortality. escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus challenges in a canine model of human septic shock. | using different types of bacteria and a canine model simulating human septic shock, we investigated the role of endotoxin in cardiovascular dysfunction and mortality. either escherichia coli (a microorganism with endotoxin) or staphylococcus aureus (a microorganism without endotoxin) were placed in an intraperitoneal clot in doses of viable or formalin-killed bacteria. cardiovascular function of conscious animals was studied using simultaneous radionuclide heart scans and thermodilution cardiac ... | 1989 | 2642920 |