| Streptococcus pneumoniae exposure is associated with human metapneumovirus seroconversion and increased susceptibility to in vitro HMPV infection. | It remains largely unknown which factors determine the clinical outcome of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether exposure to bacterial pathogens can influence HMPV infections. From 57 children, serum samples and colonization data for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected at 1.5, 6, 14 and 24 months of age. Seroconversion rates to HMPV were determined and related to ba ... | 2011 | 21883660 |
| effect of low-concentration chlorine dioxide gas against bacteria and viruses on a glass surface in wet environments. | to evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas against model microbes in the wet state on a glass surface. | 2011 | 21950421 |
| identification and characterization of two novel antimicrobial peptides, temporin-ra and temporin-rb, from skin secretions of the marsh frog (rana ridibunda). | in this study, two novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the marsh frog, rana ridibunda, named temporin-ra and temporin-rb, were identified and purified using rp-hplc. temporin-ra and temporin-rb are composed of 14 and 12 amino acids, respectively. our results show that these peptides have inhibitory effects on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, especially antibiotic resistant strains prevalent in hospitals, such as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus agalactia ... | 2011 | 21956830 |
| Anti-tuberculosis drugs and human polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions. | The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) is considered to be of importance in the early stages of human tuberculosis (TB). We examined the four drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) commonly used in the DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy against TB for their effects on the functions of the human PMN, separately and combined. | 2011 | 21912116 |
| expression of antimicrobial peptides in diabetic foot ulcer. | foot ulcers are one of the main diabetes complications due to its high frequency and difficulty of complete healing. there are several factors that participate in diabetic ulcers development and limited information exists about the role of antimicrobial peptides (amp) in its pathogenesis. | 2012 | 22047630 |
| structural and in vitro cytotoxicity studies on 1h-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl-n-phenyl amine and its pd(ii) and pt(ii) complexes. | [mlcl(2)]·zh(2)o (l=(1h-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-n-phenyl amine; m=pd, z=0; m=pt, z=1) and [pdl(oh(2))(2)]·2x·zh(2)o (x=br, i, no(3), z=0; x=scn, z=1) complexes were synthesized as potential anticancer compounds and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral and thermal methods. ft-ir and (1)h nmr studies revealed that the benzimidazole l is coordinated to the metal ions via the pyridine-type nitrogen (n(py)) of the benzimidazole ring and secondary amino group (nh(sec)). quantum mechanical ca ... | 2011 | 21763187 |
| Expansion of T helper type 17 lymphocytes in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. | Hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig)E syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency associated with mutations in STAT3 resulting in impaired development of T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes. HIES patients with a reduced frequency of Th17 cells present with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and/or Candida strains. The same spectrum of pathogens is present in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).We analysed the characteristics of the Th17 compartment in HIES and CGD. HIES patients sho ... | 2011 | 21910722 |
| peptidylarginine deiminases present in the airways during tobacco smoking and inflammation can citrullinate the host defense peptide ll-37 resulting in altered activities. | bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract is frequently seen in copd and may cause exacerbations leading to deterioration of the disease. an important part of the innate lung immunity is antimicrobial peptides, not least the cathelicidin hcap-18/ll-37. peptidylarginine deiminases (padi) posttranslationally modifies proteins by converting cationic peptidylarginine residues to neutral peptidylcitrulline. increased presence of padi2 and citrullinated proteins has been demonstrated in th ... | 2011 | 21960546 |
| cluster-forming property correlated with hemolytic activity by staphylococcal γ-hemolysin transmembrane pores. | staphylococcal γ-hemolysin (hlg) is a pore-forming toxin consisting of two separate components, lukf (34kda) and hlg2 (32kda). here we show that hlg pores aggregate and form clusters on human erythrocyte membranes in association with increasing hemolytic activity. quantitative analysis using transmission electron microscopy and image processing revealed that the formation of single pores and clusters is related to the release of potassium ions and of hemoglobin from erythrocytes, respectively. t ... | 2011 | 22001207 |
| iliopsoas abscess and spondylodiscitis by staphylococcus aureus: successful clinical treatment. | although pyogenic abscess of the iliopsoas muscle is considered an uncommon condition, its incidence is on the increase. this abscess may be primary if it occurs without a causal factor; more frequently, it is secondary to gastrointestinal or genitourinary affections, or trauma. the main aetiological agents differ among primary (staphylococcus aureus) and secondary (escherichia coli, klebsiella spp, streptococcus spp, bacteroides spp) abscess. we report the case of a 64-year-old man with iliopso ... | 2011 | 21753252 |
| antimicrobial fibers: therapeutic possibilities and recent advances. | the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (carbapenemase)-producing enterobacteriaceae is becoming a serious threat. new-generation antimicrobial agents need to be developed. this includes the design of novel antimicrobial compounds and drug-delivery systems. this review provides an introduction into differ ... | 2011 | 22004087 |
| the first detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus st398 in pigs in korea. | in order to determine the presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in pigs in korea, a total of 657 nasal swabs were collected from pigs on 66 different pig farms nationwide during february 2008-may 2009. the prevalences of mrsa positive samples in pigs and farms were 3.2% (21/657) and 22.7% (15/66), respectively. two different types were found among the 21 mrsa isolates: 17 strains of livestock-associated type (la; st398 or st541/spa t034) and 4 strains of human-associated ... | 2011 | 21899962 |
| a new target for staphylococcus aureus associated with keratitis. | staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of keratitis, with an increased number of isolates exhibiting antibiotic resistance. therefore, we need to understand the present situation regarding drug-resistant s. aureus in the ocular site. it has been shown that 35% of s. aureus isolates from ocular sites are methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). mrsa isolates from ocular sites have a high rate of multiple mutations and high levels of resistance against fluoroquinolones. wall teichoic ... | 2011 | 21912228 |
| rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) are natural hosts of specific staphylococcus aureus lineages. | currently, there is no animal model known that mimics natural nasal colonization by staphylococcus aureus in humans. we investigated whether rhesus macaques are natural nasal carriers of s. aureus. nasal swabs were taken from 731 macaques. s. aureus isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), spa repeat sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst), and compared with human strains. furthermore, the isolates were characterized by several pcrs. thirty-nine percent of 731 ma ... | 2011 | 22028827 |
| colonization, pathogenicity, host susceptibility, and therapeutics for staphylococcus aureus: what is the clinical relevance? | staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal that can also cause a broad spectrum of clinical disease. factors associated with clinical disease are myriad and dynamic and include pathogen virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and host susceptibility. additionally, infection control measures aimed at the environmental niches of s. aureus and therapeutic advances continue to impact upon the incidence and outcomes of staphylococcal infections. this review article focuses on the clinical relevance of a ... | 2011 | 22160374 |
| phagocytosis and intracellular killing of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus strains. | risk factors for invasive infections by heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus (hvisa) may involve resistance to opsonophagocytosis and bacterial killing. hvisa strains typically have a thickened cell wall with altered peptidoglycan cross-linking. to determine whether hvisa may be endowed with an increased resistance to phagocytosis, this study assessed the characteristics of uptake and killing by granulocytes of three hvisa strains. all isolates were analysed by multilocus ... | 2011 | 21959204 |
| the staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan protects mice against the pathogen and eradicates experimentally induced infection. | staphylococcus aureus, in spite of antibiotics, is still a major human pathogen causing a wide range of infections. the present study describes the new vaccine a170pg, a peptidoglycan-based vaccine. in a mouse model of infection, a170pg protects mice against a lethal dose of s. aureus. protection lasts at least 40 weeks and correlates with increased survival and reduced colonization. protection extends into drug-resistant (mrsa or visa) and genetically diverse clinical strains. the vaccine is ef ... | 2011 | 22145040 |
| induction of contact-dependent cd8(+) regulatory t cells through stimulation with staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens(1). | the bacterial superantigen exotoxins of staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes are potent stimulators of polyclonal t cell proliferation. they are the causes of toxic shock syndrome but also induce cd25(+) foxp3(+) regulatory cells in the cd4 compartment. several studies have recently described different forms of antigen-induced regulatory cd8(+) t cells in the context of inflammatory diseases and chronic viral infections. in this paper we show that bacterial superantigens are potent ... | 2011 | 22043981 |
| 3-cyano-8-methyl-2-oxo-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinolines. synthesis and biological evaluation as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. | the synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of some novel hexahydroquinolines supported with various pharmacophores are described. the results revealed that 18 compounds displayed pronounced activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli bacteria beside a moderate antifungal activity. compound 25 is the most active candidate with equipotency to ampicillin against s. aureus, e. coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, together with an obvious antifungal activity. additiona ... | 2011 | 22136527 |
| methicillin resistant s. aureus in human and bovine mastitis. | staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous organism that causes a variety of diseases including mastitis in cattle and humans. high-level resistance of s. aureus to β-lactams conferred by a meca gene encoding a modified penicillin binding protein (pbp2a) was first observed in the early 1960's. these methicillin resistant s. aureus (mrsa) have been responsible for both hospital acquired infections (ha-mrsa) and, more recently, community acquired mrsa (ca-mrsa). a small number of human mrsa mastitis ca ... | 2011 | 21984431 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of novel silver(i) tris(pyrazolyl)methanesulfonate and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphadamantane complexes. | five new silver(i) complexes of formulas [ag(tpms)] (1), [ag(tpms)(pph(3))] (2), [ag(tpms)(pcy(3))] (3), [ag(pta)][bf(4)] (4), and [ag(tpms)(pta)] (5) {tpms = tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methanesulfonate, pph(3) = triphenylphosphane, pcy(3) = tricyclohexylphosphane, pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane} have been synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analyses, (1)h, (13)c, and (31)p nmr, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms), and ir spectroscopic techniques. the single crystal x- ... | 2011 | 21999582 |
| magnetic drug targeting as new therapeutic option for the treatment of biomaterial infections. | implant-associated infections are a challenging problem in surgery. bacteria in biofilms are difficult to treat as they are less susceptible to antibiotics or antiseptics which require high drug concentrations at the site of infection. we present a novel strategy to concentrate high antibiotic doses systemically at the target site using newly developed antibiotic-functionalized nanoparticles directed by a magnetic drug-targeting system. the important and effective antibiotic gentamicin served as ... | 2011 | 22182398 |
| comparative ethnobotany and in-the-field antibacterial testing of medicinal plants used by the bulu and inland kaulong of papua new guinea. | ethnopharmacological relevance: the island of new britain in papua new guinea is an area of great floristic and cultural diversity that has received little attention from ethnobotanists. here we present the results of a comparative medicinal ethnobotanical survey of the bulu and inland kaulong; two distinct people groups inhabiting lowland rainforest on different sides of the island. a high proportion of species are used in the treatment of bacterial infections and plants with antibacterial acti ... | 2011 | 22154578 |
| antimicrobial evaluation of huilliche plant medicine used to treat wounds. | the traditional use of 40 plant species used for treatment of wounds and associated infections by the huilliche people of chile was evaluated against bacterial and fungal human pathogens, especially including wound pathogens. | 2011 | 21939748 |
| molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of nasal staphylococcus aureus isolates from a chinese medical college campus. | staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection occur more commonly among persons living or working in crowded conditions, but characterization of s. aureus colonization within medical communities in china is lacking. a total of 144 (15.4%, 144/935) s. aureus isolates, including 28 (3.0%, 28/935) mrsa isolates, were recovered from the nares of 935 healthy human volunteers residing on a chinese medical college campus. all s. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfoprist ... | 2011 | 22114670 |
| Antibacterial and antifungal activities from leaf extracts of Cassia fistula l.: An ethnomedicinal plant. | This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of leaves of Cassia fistula Linn. The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts on some bacterial and fungal strains. In the present study, the microbial activity of hydroalcohol extracts of leaves of Cassia fistula Linn. (an ethnomedicinal plant) was evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important ba ... | 2011 | 22171301 |
| the systemic and pulmonary immune response to staphylococcal enterotoxins. | in response to environmental cues the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus synthesizes and releases proteinaceous enterotoxins. these enterotoxins are natural etiologic entities of severe food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and acute diseases. staphylococcal enterotoxins are currently listed as category b bioterrorism agents by the center for disease control and prevention. they are associated with respiratory illnesses, and may contribute to exacerbation of pulmonary disease. this likely stem ... | 2010 | 22069664 |
| rhabdomyolysis secondary to interaction between atorvastatin and fusidic acid. | a 48-year-old ill-looking man presented with nausea and vomiting. he had been on fusidic acid 500 mg three times a day and linezolid 600 mg twice a day for 2 weeks for right knee methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection post right knee arthroscopy performed a month previously. he had been on atorvastatin 40 mg daily and aspirin 75 mg once a day for a year. his investigations showed elevated creatine phosphokinase (cpk) (759 iu/litre) and transaminases (aspartate transaminase (ast) 5 ... | 2009 | 21918658 |
| structural basis for hemoglobin capture by staphylococcus aureus cell-surface protein, isdh. | pathogens must steal iron from their hosts to establish infection. in mammals, hemoglobin (hb) represents the largest reservoir of iron, and pathogens express hb-binding proteins to access this source. here, we show how one of the commonest and most significant human pathogens, staphylococcus aureus, captures hb as the first step of an iron-scavenging pathway. the x-ray crystal structure of hb bound to a domain from the isd (iron-regulated surface determinant) protein, isdh, is the first structu ... | 2011 | 21917915 |
| targeting the host-pathogen interface for treatment of staphylococcus aureus infection. | recent emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus both within and outside healthcare settings has accelerated the use of once reserved last line antibiotics such as vancomycin. with increased use of antibiotics, there has been a rapid rise in the rate of resistance development to the anti-mrsa drugs. as the antibiotic pipeline becomes strained, alternative strategies are being sought for future treatment of s. aureus. here, we review several novel anti-staphylococcal strategies tha ... | 2011 | 22089960 |
| Novel anti-bacterial activities of ß-defensin 1 in human platelets: suppression of pathogen growth and signaling of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. | Human ß-defensins (hBD) are antimicrobial peptides that curb microbial activity. Although hBD's are primarily expressed by epithelial cells, we show that human platelets express hBD-1 that has both predicted and novel antibacterial activities. We observed that activated platelets surround Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), forcing the pathogens into clusters that have a reduced growth rate compared to S. aureus alone. Given the microbicidal activity of ß-defensins, we determined whether hBD fami ... | 2011 | 22102811 |
| ceftobiprole: first reported experience in osteomyelitis. | a 74-year-old man with long-standing diabetes presented with advanced infection of the right forefoot associated with septic arthritis and osteomyelitis involving the second and third metatarsophalangeal joints. polymicrobial infection, which included methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, was documented. first-line antibiotic therapy, which included vancomycin, was not tolerated. a durable cure was obtained following a six-week course of intravenous ceftobiprole medocaril combined with lo ... | 2010 | 21886652 |
| Thiadiazolidinones: A new class of alanine racemase inhibitors with antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen and a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. New antibacterial agents that have not been compromised by bacterial resistance are needed to treat MRSA-related infections. We chose the S. aureus cell wall synthesis enzyme, alanine racemase (Alr) as the target for a high-throughput screening effort to obtain novel enzyme inhibitors, which inhibit bacterial growth. Among the 'hits' identified was a thiadiazolidinone with ch ... | 2012 | 22146584 |
| dna, protein binding, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and antibacterial activities of new palladium(ii) complexes of thiosemicarbazone ligands: effects of substitution on biological activity. | the coordination propensities of 4(n,n')-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(n)-substituted thiosemicarbazones (h(2)l(1-4)) were investigated by reacting with an equimolar amount of [pdcl(2)(pph(3))(2)]. the new complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. the structure determination of the complexes [pd(deasal-tsc)(pph(3))] (1), [pd(deasal-mtsc)(pph(3))] (2) and [pd(deasal-etsc)(pph(3))] (3) by x-ray crystallography showed that ligands are coordinated in a dibasic tridentate ons ... | 2011 | 22051854 |
| hle-inhibitory alkaloids with a polyketide skeleton from the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale. | the marine endophytic fungus coniothyrium cereale produces the structurally unusual polyketide-type alkaloids (-)-cereolactam (1) and (-)-cereoaldomine (3), incorporating a lactam and an imine functionality, respectively, as well as the related metabolite (-)-trypethelone (2). compounds 1 and 3 showed selective inhibition of human leukocyte elastase with ic50 values of 9.28 and 3.01 μm, respectively. compound 2 was found to be inhibitory toward mycobacterium phlei, staphylococcus aureus, and esc ... | 2011 | 21923104 |
| cheminformatics-driven discovery of selective, nanomolar inhibitors for staphylococcal pyruvate kinase. | we have recently mapped the protein interaction network of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), which revealed its scale-free organization with characteristic presence of highly connected hub proteins that are critical for bacterial survival. here we report the discovery of inhibitors that are highly potent against one such hub target, staphylococcal pyruvate kinase (pk). importantly, the developed compounds demonstrate complete selectivity for the bacterial enzyme compared to all ... | 2011 | 22066782 |
| a usa300 variant and other human-related methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains infecting cats and dogs in france. | to characterize methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clinical strains from cats and dogs in france, and to compare the clones identified with the distribution of french human mrsa. | 2011 | 22146878 |
| staphylococcus aureus survival in human blood. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is abundant in hospitals and in the united states is a leading cause of mortality due to infectious agents. community-associated mrsa (ca-mrsa) strains such as usa300, which typically cause disease outside of healthcare settings, are also prevalent in the united states. although most ca-mrsa infections affect skin and soft tissue, the pathogen can enter the bloodstream and ultimately cause severe disease. in a recent paper, we used usa300-specif ... | 2011 | 21971187 |
| Antibacterial potential of hGlyrichin encoded by a human gene. | Emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are an enormous threat to human life because of their resistance to currently available antibiotics. The genes encoding antibacterial peptides have been studied extensively and are excellent candidates for a new generation of antibiotic drugs to fight MDR bacteria. In contrast to traditional antibiotics, antibacterial peptides, which do not cause drug resistance, have an unparalleled advantage. However, because most antibacterial peptides originate in ... | 2011 | 22083756 |
| comparison of the effects of human β-defensin 3, vancomycin, and clindamycin on staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. | despite improvements in surgical techniques and implant design in orthopedic surgery, implantation-associated infections are still a challenging problem for surgeons. in 2006, trace quantities of human β-defensin 3 (hbd-3) were found in human bone tissue and bone cells. human β-defensin 3 is a 45-amino-acid peptide that is considered the most promising class of defensin antimicrobial peptides and may help in the prevention and treatment of implantation-associated infections. studies of the effec ... | 2012 | 22229614 |
| electrospun poly(l-lactic acid)-co-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanofibres containing silver nanoparticles for skin-tissue engineering. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) and silver ions (ag(+)) show growth-inhibitory activity against microorganisms and have been used for decades as antibacterial agents in various fields. to fabricate a nanofibrous scaffold which is antibacterial against bacteria and non-toxic to cells, we electrospun composite poly(l-lactic acid)-co-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanofibres containing silver nanoparticles (pllcl-agnps) with different concentrations (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 wt%) of silver nitrate (agno(3)) in pllcl ... | 2012 | 22244047 |
| Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Backyard Pigs and Their Owners, Michigan, USA. | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported in commercially raised pigs and their human handlers, raising concerns of zoonotic transmission. To determine whether MRSA in backyard-raised pigs is commonly transmitted to their human owners, a matched study of this type of pigs and their owners was conducted in selected counties in Michigan. Nasal swabs from matched owner-pig pairs (n = 50 pairs) with a few unmatched pig (n = 3) and human (n = 4) samples were collected and ... | 2011 | 21914153 |
| immunopathogenesis of staphylococcus aureus pulmonary infection. | staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen highly evolved as both a component of the commensal flora and as a major cause of invasive infection. severe respiratory infection due to staphylococci has been increasing due to the prevalence of more virulent usa300 ca-mrsa strains in the general population. the ability of s. aureus to adapt to the milieu of the respiratory tract has facilitated its emergence as a respiratory pathogen. its metabolic versatility, the ability to scavenge iron, coo ... | 2011 | 22037948 |
| chimeric anti-staphylococcal enterotoxin b antibodies and lovastatin act synergistically to provide in vivo protection against lethal doses of seb. | staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) is one of a family of toxins secreted by staphylococcus aureus that act as superantigens, activating a large fraction of the t-cell population and inducing production of high levels of inflammatory cytokines that can cause toxic shock syndrome (tss) and death. extracellular engagement of the tcr of t-cells and class ii mhc of antigen presenting cells by seb triggers the activation of many intracellular signaling processes. we engineered chimeric antibodies to b ... | 2011 | 22102880 |