| potent antibacterial lysine-peptoid hybrids identified from a positional scanning combinatorial library. | in this paper, we describe the synthesis and screening of a biased positional scanning library made up of peptoids (n-alkylglycines) and lysines. the library consisted of 100 mixtures divided into four sub-libraries; oxxxkkk, xoxxkkk, xxoxkkk, and xxxokkk, o being a defined peptoid building block and x a mixture of 25 peptoid building blocks. a theoretical number of 390,625 compounds were synthesized. the compound mixtures were screened against the american type culture collection (atcc) staphyl ... | 2006 | 16524733 |
| natural human isolates of staphylococcus aureus selected for high production of proteases and alpha-hemolysin are sigmab deficient. | it has been reported that high production of proteases and alpha-hemolysin in the prototype staphylococcus aureus strain 8325-4 was associated with its sigmab deficiency. here we analyzed one fresh clinical isolate (ks26) and two ancient human isolates (wood46 and v8) selected for high production of proteases and alpha-hemolysin. all three strains lacked yellow pigment and showed a low level of expression of sigb-dependent promoters, indicating sigmab deficiency. nucleotide sequencing of the sig ... | 2006 | 16530010 |
| cloning and expression analysis of an o-methyltransferase (omt) gene from chinese shrimp, fenneropenaeus chinensis. | o-methyltransferase (omt) is ubiquitously present in diverse organisms and plays an important regulatory role in plant and animal growth, development, reproduction and defence and has also been implicated in human emotion and disease. a putative o-methyltransferase (omt) gene has been cloned from the haemocytes of bacteria-infected chinese shrimp (fenneropenaeus chinensis) by suppression subtractive hybridisation (ssh) coupled with the smart cdna method. the isolated 944 bp full-length cdna cont ... | 2006 | 16530427 |
| synthesis, crystal structure and anticancer activity of novel derivatives of ethyl 1-(4-oxo-8-aryl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)formate. | synthesis and anticancer activity of ethyl 1-(4-oxo-8-aryl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)formates (7-12) are presented. the title compounds were obtained by two independent synthesis methods from 1-aryl-2-hydrazono-imidazolidines (1-aryl-2-hydrazino-imidazolines) (1-6) by cyclocondensation reaction with diethyl 2-(hydroxyimino)malonate (a) and diethyl 2-oxomalonate (b). molecular structure of synthesized compounds was confirmed by ir, (1)h nmr, ei-ms spectra, elemental anal ... | 2006 | 16545495 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin b initiates protein kinase c translocation and eicosanoid metabolism while inhibiting thrombin-induced aggregation in human platelets. | staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) b, a heat-stable toxin secreted by staphylococcus aureus, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of several critical illnesses. it has been hypothesized that enterotoxins may interact with blood products such as platelets, in addition to t-lymphocytes and renal proximal tubule cells. the aim of this present study was to elucidate whether seb directly alters human platelet function. human platelet rich plasma (prp) was pre-incubated with sea, seb, ... | 2006 | 16550298 |
| propagation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus due to the overloading of medical nurses in intensive care units. | morbidity and mortality due to nosocomial infections are on the increase. the effectiveness of infection control has become an important indicator of the quality of hospital work, as well as contributing towards cost reduction. the aim of this three-year prospective study was to investigate the daily workload of medical nurses to see if there was a correlation with the spread of infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in a surgical intensive care unit (sicu) using ... | 2006 | 16554108 |
| heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast. | heparin is used clinically for the prevention of pregnancy complications associated with prothrombotic disorders, especially antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. recent studies have suggested that heparin may exert direct effects on placental trophoblast, independently of its anticoagulant activity. we now demonstrate that heparin abrogates apoptosis of primary first trimester villous trophoblast in response to treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon (ifn)-gamma and tumour necros ... | 2006 | 16556679 |
| biological and immunological properties of encapsulated strains of staphylococcus aureus from human sources. | of 875 strains of staphylococcus aureus isolated from human source clinical specimens, 37 (4.2%) were encapsulated strains. these were all negative for clumping factor and could not be typed with bacteriophages or by serology. twenty-one of these did not produce any hemolysins, 15 produced alpha hemolysin, 1 produced beta hemolysin, and 1 produced both beta and delta hemolysins. after one or two subcultures, 27 of the encapsulated strains converted to the compact variant form, all became positiv ... | 1970 | 16557873 |
| use of the clumping factor reaction for the identification of encapsulated strains of staphylococcus aureus from human sources. | using the clumping factor test on 815 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 775 positive strains were of compact morphology. of 40 negative strains, 39 were diffuse in serum-soft agar. the test may be used to detect capsulated s. aureus strains. | 1971 | 16558041 |
| cytotoxic and antimicrobial benzophenones from the leaves of tovomita longifolia. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform and ethanol extracts of tovomita longifolia leaves using cytotoxic and antimicrobial assays resulted in the isolation of four new benzophenones, (e)-3-(2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-enyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (1), (e)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (2), 8-benzoyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)chromane-3,5,7-triol (3), and 5-benzoyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-xanthene-6,8-diol (4), and ... | 2006 | 16562847 |
| staphylococcus aureus operates protein-tyrosine phosphorylation through a specific mechanism. | protein phosphorylation on tyrosine has been originally characterized in animal systems and has been shown to be involved in several fundamental processes including signal transduction, growth control, and malignancy. it has been later demonstrated to occur also in a number of bacteria, and recent data suggest that it may participate in the control of bacterial pathogenicity. in this work, we provide evidence that the gram-positive human pathogen staphylococcus aureus harbors a protein-tyrosine ... | 2006 | 16565080 |
| suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by extracellular adherence protein of staphylococcus aureus. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is a devastating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (cns). a major hallmark of ms is the infiltration of t cells reactive against myelin components. t cell infiltration is mediated by the interaction of integrins of the beta1 and beta2 family expressed by lymphocytes with their endothelial counter-receptors, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1, respectively. we have reported previously that extracellular adherenc ... | 2006 | 16585266 |
| effect of d-alanylation of (lipo)teichoic acids of staphylococcus aureus on host secretory phospholipase a2 action before and after phagocytosis by human neutrophils. | invading bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus induce mobilization of professional phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils) and extracellular antibacterial proteins (e.g., group iia phospholipase a2 (giia pla2)). accumulation of giia pla2 in inflammatory fluids confers potent extracellular antistaphylococcal activity and at lower concentrations promotes bacterial phospholipid degradation during phagocytosis of s. aureus by human neutrophils. d-alanylation of (lipo) teichoic acids of s. aureus increases b ... | 2006 | 16585595 |
| peptidoglycan hydrolase fusions maintain their parental specificities. | the increased incidence of bacterial antibiotic resistance has led to a renewed search for novel antimicrobials. avoiding the use of broad-range antimicrobials through the use of specific peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins) might reduce the incidence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens worldwide. staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus agalactiae are human pathogens and also cause mastitis in dairy cattle. the ultimate goal of this work is to create transgenic cattle that are resistant to mastit ... | 2006 | 16598006 |
| mesenchymal stem cells are susceptible to human herpesviruses, but viral dna cannot be detected in the healthy seropositive individual. | allogeneic stem cell transplantation is often complicated by reactivation of herpesviruses. mesenchymal stem cells (msc) are immunomodulatory and may be used to treat graft-versus-host disease. we investigated if herpesviruses infect and can be transmitted by msc, and if msc suppress immune responses to various infectious agents. mesenchymal stem cells from healthy seropositive donors were evaluated with polymerase chain reaction for the most common herpesviruses: cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes s ... | 2006 | 16604097 |
| antimicrobial peptides from diverse families isolated from the skin of the asian frog, rana grahami. | seven peptides with antimicrobial activity were isolated in pure form from an extract of the skin of the yunnanfu kunming frog rana grahami boulenger, 1917. the peptides were identified as belonging to the nigrocin-2 (three peptides), brevinin-1 (one peptide), brevinin-2 (three peptides), and esculentin-1 (one peptide) families. nigrocin-2grb (glfgkilgvgkkvlcglsgmc) containing three lysine residues, represented the peptide with highest potency against microorganisms (mic = 3 microm against esche ... | 2006 | 16621155 |
| differential effect of dhea on mitogen-induced proliferation of t and b lymphocytes. | dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) is the predominant steroid hormone secreted by adrenal gland, and it has been proposed in recent years that dhea has significant effects on immune function. we investigated the effect of dhea (1 x 10(-5) - 1 x 10(-8)m) on proliferation of human t cells and b cells and on immunoglobulin production, a representative function of b cells. high doses of dhea (1 x 10(-5)) significantly inhibited proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and t cells induc ... | 2006 | 16621519 |
| piperacillin/tazobactam-induced paresthesiae. | to describe a case of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction to piperacillin/tazobactam in which painful paresthesiae were a predominant feature. | 2006 | 16622157 |
| characterization of the opsonic and protective activity against staphylococcus aureus of fully human monoclonal antibodies specific for the bacterial surface polysaccharide poly-n-acetylglucosamine. | carbohydrate antigens are important targets of the immune system in clearing bacterial pathogens. although the immune system almost exclusively uses antibodies in response to foreign carbohydrates, there is still much to learn about the role of different epitopes on the carbohydrate as targets of protective immunity. we examined the role of acetyl group-dependent and -independent epitopes on the staphylococcal surface of polysaccharide poly-n-acetylated glucosamine (pnag) by use of human monoclo ... | 2006 | 16622211 |
| antimicrobial activity of an abiotic host defense peptide mimic. | bacterial drug resistance is emerging as one of the most significant challenges to human health. antimicrobial peptides (amps), which are produced by many tissues and cell types of invertebrates, insects, and humans, as part of their innate immune system, have attracted considerable interest as alternative antibiotics. interest in novel mimics of amps has increased greatly over the last few years. this report details a new amp mimic, based on phenylene ethynylene, with improved antimicrobial act ... | 2006 | 16626628 |
| antitumor and immunostimulating effects of anoectochilus formosanus hayata. | the water extract of anoectochilus formosanus hayata showed a potent tumor inhibitory activity in balb/c mice after subcutaneous transplantation of ct-26 murine colon cancer cells. the tumor-inhibition ratios of mice pre-administered with a. formosanus for 2 days before tumor transplantation, and treated further for 12 consecutive days, were 55.4% and 58.9% at the oral dose of 50 and 10 mg/mouse per day, respectively. even for the tumor-bearing mice, after oral administration of the water extrac ... | 2006 | 16635745 |
| a novel antimicrobial epoxide isolated from larval galleria mellonella infected by the nematode symbiont, photorhabdus luminescens (enterobacteriaceae). | a novel antimicrobial epoxide, 2-isopropyl-5-(3-phenyl-oxiranyl)-benzene-1,3-diol (1), was identified from larval galleria mellonella infected by a symbiotically associated bacterium-nematode complex (photorhabdus luminescens c9-heterorhabditis megidis 90). its structure was determined with spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by chemical synthesis starting from a known antibiotic, 2-isopropyl-5-(2-phenylethenyl)-benzene-1,3-diol (2). epoxide 1 was active against bacillus subtilis, escherichia c ... | 2006 | 16644226 |
| the antibacterial activity of human neutrophils and eosinophils requires proton channels but not bk channels. | electrophysiological events are of central importance during the phagocyte respiratory burst, because nadph oxidase is electrogenic and voltage sensitive. we investigated the recent suggestion that large-conductance, calcium-activated k(+) (bk) channels, rather than proton channels, play an essential role in innate immunity (ahluwalia, j., a. tinker, l.h. clapp, m.r. duchen, a.y. abramov, s. page, m. nobles, and a.w. segal. 2004. nature. 427:853-858). in pma-stimulated human neutrophils or eosin ... | 2006 | 16702353 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia due to staphylococcus aureus, 2003-04 influenza season. | during the 2003-04 influenza season, 17 cases of staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were reported from 9 states; 15 (88%) were associated with methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa). the median age of patients was 21 years; 5 (29%) had underlying diseases, and 4 (24%) had risk factors for mrsa. twelve (71%) had laboratory evidence of influenza virus infection. all but 1 patient, who died on arrival, were hospitalized. death occurred in 5 (4 with mrsa). s. aureus isolates we ... | 2006 | 16707043 |
| platensimycin is a selective fabf inhibitor with potent antibiotic properties. | bacterial infection remains a serious threat to human lives because of emerging resistance to existing antibiotics. although the scientific community has avidly pursued the discovery of new antibiotics that interact with new targets, these efforts have met with limited success since the early 1960s. here we report the discovery of platensimycin, a previously unknown class of antibiotics produced by streptomyces platensis. platensimycin demonstrates strong, broad-spectrum gram-positive antibacter ... | 2006 | 16710421 |
| brevinin-1bya: a naturally occurring peptide from frog skin with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties. | brevinin-1bya (flpilaslaakfgpklfclvtkkc) is a cationic alpha-helical peptide containing an intramolecular disulphide bridge that is present in skin secretions of the foothill yellow-legged frog rana boylii. a synthetic replicate of the peptide showed growth inhibitory activity against a range of reference strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)=2.5 microm), and aga ... | 2006 | 16713189 |
| induction of cxc chemokines in a549 airway epithelial cells by trypsin and staphylococcal proteases - a possible route for neutrophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis. | while various microorganisms have been recovered from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, the inflammatory impact of virulence factors, in particular proteases from staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci on the nasal epithelium, has not yet been investigated. expression of cxc chemokines was determined in the epithelium of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis by immunohistochemistry. in a cell culture system of a549 respiratory epithelial cells, chemokine levels were quanti ... | 2006 | 16734624 |
| efficacy of an alcohol-based healthcare hand rub containing synergistic combination of farnesol and benzethonium chloride. | healthcare workers are required to disinfect the hands several times a day using hand disinfectants, which leads to chronic hand exposure to high levels of antimicrobials contained in the disinfectants, which could compromise the skin integrity. this problem may be addressed by developing hand disinfectants containing synergistic combinations of small amounts of antimicrobials and other agents. the synergistic effect of farnesol and essential oils with several antimicrobials was studied in vitro ... | 2006 | 16750419 |
| dna detection using recombination proteins. | dna amplification is essential to most nucleic acid testing strategies, but established techniques require sophisticated equipment or complex experimental procedures, and their uptake outside specialised laboratories has been limited. our novel approach, recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa), couples isothermal recombinase-driven primer targeting of template material with strand-displacement dna synthesis. it achieves exponential amplification with no need for pretreatment of sample dna. re ... | 2006 | 16756388 |
| solution structure of the neat (near transporter) domain from isdh/hara: the human hemoglobin receptor in staphylococcus aureus. | during infections the pathogen staphylococcus aureus procures the essential nutrient iron from its host using iron-regulated surface determinant (isd) proteins, which scavenge heme bound iron from host hemoproteins. four isd proteins are displayed in the cell wall, where they function as receptors for host proteins and heme. each of the receptors contains one or more copies of a recently discovered domain called neat (near transporter) that has been shown to mediate protein binding. here we repo ... | 2006 | 16762363 |
| potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from specific natural niches in food production and preservation. | autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been isolated from traditionally homemade cheeses collected from specific ecological localities across serbia and montenegro. genetic and biochemical analysis of this lab revealed that they produce bacteriocins, proteinases and exopolysaccharides. lab produces a variety of antimicrobial substances with potential importance for food fermentation and preservation. apart from the metabolic end products, some strains also secrete antimicrobial ... | 2006 | 16764959 |
| acute paraplegia following chiropractic therapy. | we report a 44-year-old man suffering complete paraplegia due to paraspinal and epidural abscess, following chiropractic therapy for severe back pain and whose diagnosis was delayed. he received an immediate laminectomy from t3 through t6 to decompress the full extent of the abscess and appropriate antibiotic therapy for 4 weeks postoperatively for the identified microorganism (staphylococcus aureus). after 3 months of rehabilitation, he had recovered bladder function with moderate left lower ex ... | 2006 | 16769516 |
| [takotsubo cardiomyopathy thought to be induced by mrsa meningitis and cervical epidural abscess in a maintenance-hemodialysis patient: case report]. | a 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for high fever and severe left shoulder pain. he was initiated on maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure caused by diabetic nephropathy 9 years previously. on admission, the serum crp level was 29.3 mg/d/l and the white blood cell count was 29,000/mm3. bacterial examination of blood and spinal fluid revealed mrsa colonization. on the 6th hospital day, a giant negative t wave in the v2-6 leads of an electrocardiogram asymptomatically ap ... | 2004 | 16773801 |
| the "hospital superbug": social representations of mrsa. | the so-called 'hospital superbug' methcillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) became a topic of media and political concern in britain from the middle of the 1990s. it was increasingly politicised in the period leading up to the british general election of 2005. this study examines the meanings of mrsa that circulate in britain by analysing newspaper coverage of the disease over the 10-year period 1995-2005. it utilises social representations theory and contextualises mrsa within existing ... | 2006 | 16782254 |
| a staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (lta) derived structural variant with two diacylglycerol residues. | based on 1,2-o-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol five chiral building blocks containing differently modified glycerol residues were required for the synthesis of the target molecule 2. one of these building blocks is diacylglyceryl beta-gentiobioside carrying a phosphite residue at 6b-o position. ligation of these five building blocks led to the desired glycerol phosphate backbone to which d-alanyl residues were attached, thus generating after o-deprotection the target molecule 2, a bisamphiphilic stru ... | 2006 | 16782351 |
| surface plasmon resonance biosensors for detection of pathogenic microorganisms: strategies to secure food and environmental safety. | this review describes the exploitation of exclusively optical surface plasmon resonance (spr) biosensors for the direct and indirect detection of pathogenic microorganisms in food chains and the environment. direct detection is, in most cases, facilitated by the use of defined monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies raised against (a part of) the target pathogenic microorganisms. the antibodies were immobilized to a solid phase of the sensor to capture the microbe from the sample. alternatively, ant ... | 2006 | 16792081 |
| [septic arthritis as an initial manifestation of bacterial endocarditis caused by staphylococcus aureus]. | we describe a case of staphylococcus aureus mitral valve endocarditis, in a 80-year-old man who presented with abrupt onset of septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint, without cardiac symptomatology. fever and articular infection recovery after articular drainage and antimicrobial therapy, but worsening caused by heart failure made valve replacement surgery urgent. he died suddenly before surgery could be done. until august 2005, in medical literature (index medicus, medline, embase, excerpta ... | 2006 | 16796414 |
| quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of some bacterial skin pathogens. | as some of the many patients who receive antimalarials for the treatment of noninfective inflammatory diseases (lupus erythematosus, collagen vascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and others) are also immunosuppressed because of their disease and/or treatments, and may have concomitant bacterial infections, we investigated the effect of these drugs on the growth and invasion of several bacteria that are commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections to determine whether they could p ... | 2006 | 16796622 |
| synthetic peptides derived from human antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin accumulate at sites of infections and eradicate (multi-drug resistant) staphylococcus aureus in mice. | the presence and antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptides (amps) has been widely recognized as an evolutionary preserved part of the innate immune system. based on evidence in animal models and humans, amps are now positioned as novel anti-infective agents. the current study aimed to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of ubiquicidin and small synthetic fragments thereof towards methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), as a high priority target for novel antibiotics. ... | 2006 | 16814900 |
| surveillance of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. | an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. we tested for infectious diseases in 26,992 stool samples obtained from people who visited clinics located in six big cities and six rural provinces. from these samples, we isolated 1,291 cases of enteritis bacterial infection (4.8%). in the urban areas, 821 cases of bacterial infection (6.4%) were identified and, in the rural ... | 2006 | 16820763 |
| antimicrobial potential of four lactobacillus strains isolated from breast milk. | the antimicrobial potential of four lactobacilli (lactobacillus salivarius cect5713, lactobacillus gasseri cect5714, l. gasseri cect5715 and lactobacillus fermentum cect5716), isolated from fresh human breast milk, was evaluated in this study and compared with lactobacillus coryniformis cect5711, a reuterin-producing strain isolated from an artisan goat's cheese. | 2006 | 16834593 |
| isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the air plume downwind of a swine confined or concentrated animal feeding operation. | in this study we evaluated the levels of antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant bacteria in bioaerosols upwind, within, and downwind at locations 25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m from a swine confined animal feeding operation. | 2006 | 16835055 |
| the nitrosative stress response of staphylococcus aureus is required for resistance to innate immunity. | staphylococcus aureus is a highly virulent human pathogen with an extensive array of strategies to subvert the innate immune response. an important aspect of innate immunity is the production of the nitrogen monoxide radical (nitric oxide, no.). here we describe an adaptive response to nitrosative stress that allows s. aureus to replicate at high concentrations of no.. microarray analysis revealed 84 staphylococcal genes with significantly altered expression following no. exposure. of these, 30 ... | 2006 | 16859493 |
| the presence of peptidoglycan o-acetyltransferase in various staphylococcal species correlates with lysozyme resistance and pathogenicity. | human-pathogenic bacteria that are able to cause persistent infections must have developed mechanisms to resist the immune defense system. lysozyme, a cell wall-lytic enzyme, is one of the first defense compounds induced in serum and tissues after the onset of infection. recently, we showed that staphylococcus aureus is resistant to lysozyme by o acetylating its peptidoglycan (pg) by o-acetyltransferase (oata). we asked the question of which staphylococcal species pg is o acetylated. we applied ... | 2006 | 16861647 |
| bell's palsy associated with linezolid therapy: case report and review of neuropathic adverse events. | bell's palsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders affecting the seventh cranial nerve. several disease states have been associated with facial paralysis. drugs, however, have been rarely implicated as an etiology. we describe a 49-year-old man who developed peripheral facial paralysis after 3 weeks of linezolid therapy, along with recurrence of symptoms on rechallenge. he had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and a longstanding history of bilateral diabetes-related foot problems. aft ... | 2006 | 16863496 |
| staphylococcus aureus induces caspase-independent cell death in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. | bacterial peritonitis remains a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. although staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common pathogen involved, infections with staphylococcus aureus lead to severe peritoneal damage and are often associated with a dramatic loss of mesothelial cells. induction of cell death appears to be involved in peritoneal damage and mesothelial cell loss during bacterial infections. using cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hmcs), we investigated the ability o ... | 2006 | 16871245 |
| in vitro anti-bacterial and biological properties of magnetron co-sputtered silver-containing hydroxyapatite coating. | bacterial infection after implant placement is a significant rising complication. in order to reduce the incidence of implant-associated infections, several biomaterial surface treatments have been proposed. in this study, the effect of in vitro antibacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of co-sputtered silver (ag)-containing hydroxyapatite (ha) coating was evaluated. deposition was achieved by a concurrent supply of 10 w to the ag target and 300 w to the ha target. heat treatment at 400 d ... | 2006 | 16872671 |
| runx3 negatively regulates cd36 expression in myeloid cell lines. | cd36 is a member of the scavenger receptor type b family implicated in the binding of lipoproteins, phosphatidylserine, thrombospondin-1, and the uptake of long-chain fatty acids. on mononuclear phagocytes, recognition of apoptotic cells by cd36 contributes to peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity by impairing dendritic cell (dc) maturation. besides, cd36 acts as a coreceptor with tlr2/6 for sensing microbial diacylglycerides, and its deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to ... | 2006 | 16887969 |
| pharmacodynamics of dalbavancin studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic system. | the antibacterial effect of dalbavancin was studied against staphylococcus aureus using stepwise declining concentrations designed to model a range of free drug concentrations observed in human serum. | 2006 | 16891629 |
| coagulase gene polymorphisms detected by pcr in staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in turkey. | the genetic relatedness of coagulase (coa) positive staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis in turkey was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. among 700 milk samples positive in the california mastitis test (cmt), species specific pcr identified 200 (28.6%) isolates as s. aureus and 161 (80.5%) of these isolates were positive for the 3' end of the coa gene by pcr. most isolates (n=135, 83.9%) pr ... | 2007 | 16901735 |
| prokaryotic type ii and type iii pantothenate kinases: the same monomer fold creates dimers with distinct catalytic properties. | three distinct isoforms of pantothenate kinase (coaa) in bacteria catalyze the first step in coenzyme a biosynthesis. the structures of the type ii (staphylococcus aureus, sacoaa) and type iii (pseudomonas aeruginosa, pacoaa) enzymes reveal that they assemble nearly identical subunits with actin-like folds into dimers that exhibit distinct biochemical properties. pacoaa has a fully enclosed pantothenate binding pocket and requires a monovalent cation to weakly bind atp in an open cavity that doe ... | 2006 | 16905099 |
| staphylococcus aureus-induced corneal inflammation is dependent on toll-like receptor 2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) expressed by the corneal epithelium represent a first line of host defense to microbial keratitis. the current study examined the role of tlr2, tlr4, and tlr9 and the common adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) in a staphylococcus aureus model of corneal inflammation. the corneal epithelia of c57bl/6, tlr2(-/-), tlr4(-/-), tlr9(-/-), and myd88(-/-) mice were abraded using a trephine and epithelial brush and were exposed to heat- or uv-inactivated ... | 2006 | 16926427 |
| genotyping of staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans, bovine subclinical mastitis and food samples in argentina. | the aim of the present study was to characterize genotypically 45 staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans, bovine subclinical mastitis and food samples in argentina by rep-pcr and pcr amplification of virulence genes. resistances to various antibiotics could be observed for the human s. aureus, less pronounced for the bovine strains, but not for the eight s. aureus isolated from food samples. the strains could be classified genotypically by rep-pcr and by amplification of the genes en ... | 2008 | 16930967 |
| in silico identification and biological evaluation of antimicrobial peptides based on human cathelicidin ll-37. | bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are important triggers of the widespread inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of multiple organ failure during sepsis. the helical 37-amino-acid-long human antimicrobial peptide ll-37 not only possesses a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity but also binds and neutralizes lps. however, the use of ll-37 in sepsis treatment is hampered by the fact that it is also cytotoxic. to find a less toxic analog of ll-37, we used in silico analysis ... | 2006 | 16940092 |
| design and mechanism of action of a novel bacteria-selective antimicrobial peptide from the cell-penetrating peptide pep-1. | here, we report the successful design of a novel bacteria-selective antimicrobial peptide, pep-1-k (kktwwktwwtkwsqpkkkrkv). pep-1-k was designed by replacing glu-2, glu-6, and glu-11 in the cell-penetrating peptide pep-1 with lys. pep-1-k showed strong antibacterial activity against reference strains (mic = 1-2 microm) of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as against clinical isolates (mic = 1-8 microm) of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant pseudomo ... | 2006 | 16945333 |
| comparison of tests to detect oxacillin resistance in staphylococcus intermedius, staphylococcus schleiferi, and staphylococcus aureus isolates from canine hosts. | multiple tests were compared to the reference standard pbp2a latex agglutination test for detection of meca-mediated oxacillin resistance in canine staphylococci. cefoxitin disk diffusion, using breakpoints for human isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp., had low sensitivity for detection of oxacillin resistance in members of the staphylococcus intermedius group. | 2006 | 16954277 |
| use of peptide nucleic acid probes for rapid detection and enumeration of viable bacteria in recreational waters and beach sand. | environmental monitoring and public health risk assessments require methods that are rapid and quantitative with defined sensitivity and specificity thresholds. although several molecular techniques have been developed to rapidly detect bacteria in complex matrices, the challenge to simultaneously detect and enumerate only viable cells remains a limiting factor to their routine application. this chapter describes the use of peroxidase-labeled peptide nucleic acid (pna) probes to simultaneously d ... | 2006 | 16957353 |
| sigma x induces competence gene expression in streptococcus pyogenes. | although not thought to become competent for dna uptake, the bacterium streptococcus pyogenes appears to encode within its genome the dna uptake and recombination machinery required for competence. the promoters of these genes contain a conserved sequence, cin-box, which is recognized by the s. pyogenes alternative rna polymerase sigma factor x. using microarray technology, we found that sigma x induced the expression of competence genes in s. pyogenes. real-time rt-pcr was performed to confirm ... | 2006 | 16963231 |
| phenolics and antimicrobial activity of traditional stoned table olives 'alcaparra'. | in the present work, we report the determination of phenolic compounds in 'alcaparra' table olives by reversed-phase hplc/dad, and the evaluation of their extract in vitro activity against several microorganisms that may be causal agents of human intestinal and respiratory tract infections, namely gram positive (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, and staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (candida albicans a ... | 2006 | 16971127 |
| [a case of pulmonary abscess in which haemophilus parainfluenzae and streptococcus intermedius were isolated by percutaneous needle aspiration]. | some microbes, including the bacteroides species, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus milleri groups, can cause pulmonary abscess. haemophilus parainfluenzae is usually categorized as one of the normal flora which colonizes in the ears and the nasopharynx, and it has been long considered that h. parainfluenzae has little pathogenicity in the lower respiratory tract and lung parenchymal. in this report, we present a case of pulmonary abscess caused by both h. parainfluenzae and streptococcus ... | 2006 | 16972613 |
| molecular epidemiology of clinical and carrier strains of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in the hospital settings of north india. | the study was conducted between 2000 and 2003 on 750 human subjects, yielding 850 strains of staphylococci from clinical specimens (575), nasal cultures of hospitalized patients (100) and eye & nasal sources of hospital workers (50 & 125 respectively) in order to determine their epidemiology, acquisition and dissemination of resistance genes. | 2006 | 16972997 |
| acute systemic immune activation following conjunctival exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin b. | conjunctival exposure to the staphylococcus aureus superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) may occur accidentally, as a result of bioterrorism, or during colonization or infection of the external eye. using human leukocyte antigen class ii transgenic mice, we show for the first time that conjunctival exposure to seb can cause robust systemic immune activation. | 2006 | 16988282 |
| surface adhesins of staphylococcus aureus. | an important facet in the interaction between staphylococcus aureus and its host is the ability of the bacterium to adhere to human extracellular matrix components and serum proteins. in order to colonise the host and disseminate, it uses a wide range of strategies, the molecular and genetic basis of which are multifactorial, with extensive functional overlap between adhesins. here, we describe the current knowledge of the molecular features of the adhesive components of s. aureus, mechanisms of ... | 2006 | 17010697 |
| efficacy of high doses of levofloxacin in experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. | antimicrobial efficacy in orthopedic device infections is diminished because of bacterial biofilms which express tolerance to antibiotics. recently, the use of high doses of levofloxacin with rifampin has been recommended for staphylococcal infections. in the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of levofloxacin at doses of 50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day (mimicking the usual and high human doses of 500 mg/day and 750 to 1,000 mg/day, respectively) and compared it to that of to linezolid, clox ... | 2006 | 17015630 |
| rupture of a nonaneurysmal aorta secondary to staphylococcus aortitis. | infectious aortitis has become increasingly uncommon and, when diagnosed, typically occurs in an immunocompromised elderly male with a history of staphylococcus or salmonella infection and underlying atheromatous cardiovascular disease. the authors report a case of a 74-year-old man with aortitis complicated by rupture secondary to staphylococcus aureus infection. the patient presented with worsening abdominal pain and fever after being discharged from the emergency room 2 weeks before with back ... | 2006 | 17022388 |
| effects of human milk fortifier on the antimicrobial properties of human milk. | to evaluate the effects of addition of human milk (hm) fortifier and iron on the anti-infective properties of hm. | 2006 | 17024140 |
| prevalence of agr specificity groups among methicilin resistant staphylococcus aureus circulating at charles nicolle hospital of tunis. | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a major human pathogen with many clinical aspects. in s. aureus, the accessory gene regulator (agr) globally controls the production of virulence factors. there are four agr groups. our study was done to define the agr specificity of mrsa circulating at charles nicolle hospital and to investigate a possible relationship between agr groups and human disease types. from january 2004 to june 2005, a total of 57 mrsa isolated from individual hosp ... | 2006 | 17027197 |
| immunomagnetic separation and ms/spr end-detection combined procedure for rapid detection of staphylococcus aureus and protein a. | the aim of this study was to establish an ims-ms/spr technique for the detection of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) and staphylococcus protein a (spa) at the same time, which consists of isolating s. aureus and trapping-enrichmenting its spa by ims, and the end point is determined by using either ms or spr measurements. magnetic bead (mb) containing aldehyde group was synthesized with latex-polymerization and immunomagnetic bead (imb) was fabricated by modifying its surface with an oriented la ... | 2007 | 17029780 |
| genotype mrsa, a new genetic test for the rapid identification of staphylococci and detection of meca gene. | early detection of staphylococcus methicillin resistance (mr) is essential. however mr determination may be difficult because it is necessary to perform investigation of heterogeneous resistance and low level of resistance and to discriminate between oxacillin resistance and borderline resistance. several phenotypic methods are recommended but they fail to detect low level of production de pbp2a, the modified penicillin binding protein responsible for mr. detection of meca gene, the gene encodin ... | 2006 | 17030454 |
| effect of cis-urocanic acid on bovine neutrophil generation of reactive oxygen species. | neutrophils play a fundamental role in the host innate immune response during mastitis and other bacterial-mediated diseases of cattle. one of the critical mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host innate immune defenses is through their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. the ability of neutrophils to kill bacteria is mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). however, the extracellular release of ros can be deleterious to the host because ros induce tissue ... | 2006 | 17033005 |
| staphylococcus aureus isdb is a hemoglobin receptor required for heme iron utilization. | the pathogenesis of human infections caused by the gram-positive microbe staphylococcus aureus has been previously shown to be reliant on the acquisition of iron from host hemoproteins. the iron-regulated surface determinant system (isd) encodes a heme transport apparatus containing three cell wall-anchored proteins (isda, isdb, and isdh) that are exposed on the staphylococcal surface and hence have the potential to interact with human hemoproteins. here we report that s. aureus can utilize the ... | 2006 | 17041042 |
| antimicrobial disinfection effect of a laundering procedure for hospital textiles against various indicator bacteria and fungi using different substrates for simulating human excrements. | recent studies confirm the increase of nosocomial infections and microbial resistance. one of the possible causes is infected textiles due to inappropriate laundering procedures. most slovenian laundries use thermal laundering procedures with high energy and water consumption to disinfect hospital textiles. in addition to this fact, there is an increasing number of hospital textiles composed of cotton/polyester blends that cannot endure high temperatures of thermal disinfection. on the other han ... | 2007 | 17046191 |
| a case of splenic abscess during treatment of interstitial pneumonia. | we experienced a case of a 76-year-old man who developed a splenic abscess while undergoing treatment for interstitial pneumonia. splenic abscess-like abnormal intensities were accidentally found by the chest computed-tomography (ct) examinations 3 weeks after the initiation of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive treatment for interstitial pneumonia. an ultrasonography-guided percutaneous aspiration test resulted in the isolation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). since col ... | 2006 | 17060699 |
| the kinetics and phenotype of the human b-cell response following immunization with a heptavalent pneumococcal-crm conjugate vaccine. | primary immunization of infants with protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines induces antipolysaccharide antibody and is highly effective in preventing invasive disease caused by encapsulated bacteria. however, recent experience from the uk indicates that this immunity is not sustained in the absence of booster doses of vaccine. this study aimed to establish the kinetics and phenotype of b-cell subpopulations responding to booster immunization with a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( ... | 2006 | 17067312 |
| acute systemic immune activation following vaginal exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin b--implications for menstrual shock. | menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mtss) is an acute systemic inflammatory disease associated with the superantigenic exotoxin, toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst)-1, produced by staphylococcus aureus and the use of high absorbency tampons. even though s. aureus is capable of elaborating several other superantigenic exotoxins, only tsst-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mtss possibly because most other superantigenic exotoxins are known enterotoxins. nonetheless, we have shown recently tha ... | 2007 | 17070600 |
| a case of guillain-barrè syndrome following staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. | guillain-barrè syndrome (gbs) is the most important cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis in western countries and it is preceded in almost all cases by an infectious disease such as campylobacter jejuni or cytomegalovirus. however, gbs associated with previous bacterial endocarditis is very rare. we report the case of a 74-year-old man with gbs following staphylococcus aureus endocarditis affecting aortic valve. although the absolute incidence of gbs is low, the present case stresses the need ... | 2007 | 17070944 |
| cla-1 and its splicing variant cla-2 mediate bacterial adhesion and cytosolic bacterial invasion in mammalian cells. | cd36 and limpii analog 1, cla-1, and its splicing variant, cla-2 (sr-bi and sr-bii in rodents), are human high density lipoprotein receptors with an identical extracellular domain which binds a spectrum of ligands including bacterial cell wall components. in this study, cla-1- and cla-2-stably transfected hela and hek293 cells demonstrated several-fold increases in the uptake of various bacteria over mock-transfected cells. all bacteria tested, including both gram-negatives (escherichia coli k12 ... | 2006 | 17071747 |
| sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rrna-targeted reverse transcription-pcr. | a sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) method was developed for exact and sensitive enumeration of subdominant bacterial populations. using group- or species-specific primers for 16s or 23s rrna, analytical curves were constructed for escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the threshold cycle value was found to be linear up to an rna amount of 10(-3) cell per rt-pcr. the number o ... | 2007 | 17071791 |
| longin-like folds identified in chips and duf254 proteins: vesicle trafficking complexes conserved in eukaryotic evolution. | eukaryotic protein trafficking pathways require specific transfer of cargo vesicles to different target organelles. a number of vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion components participate in this process, including various tethering factor complexes that interact with small gtpases prior to snare-mediated vesicle fusion. in saccharomyces cerevisiae a protein complex of mon1 and ccz1 functions with the small gtpase ypt7 to mediate vesicle trafficking to the vacuole. mon1 belongs to duf254 foun ... | 2006 | 17075139 |
| management of csstis: the role of daptomycin. | skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) and complicated sstis (csstis), particularly those caused by gram-positive pathogens, are among the most common human bacterial infections. the emergence of resistance to antibiotics such as methicillin and vancomycin has compromised treatment options for these infections and stimulated the search for new antimicrobial therapies. daptomycin, the first in a class of agents known as cyclic lipopeptides, is a novel antibiotic with potent activity against most ... | 2006 | 17076967 |
| a novel host defense system of airways is defective in cystic fibrosis. | the respiratory tract is constantly exposed to airborne microorganisms. nevertheless, normal airways remain sterile without recruiting phagocytes. this innate immune activity has been attributed to mucociliary clearance and antimicrobial polypeptides of airway surface liquid. defective airway immunity characterizes cystic fibrosis (cf), a disease caused by mutations in the cf transmembrane conductance regulator, a chloride channel. the pathophysiology of defective immunity in cf remains to be el ... | 2007 | 17082494 |
| in vitro activity of linezolid in combination with doxycycline, fosfomycin, levofloxacin, rifampicin and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. | the objective of this paper was to investigate the in vitro effects of linezolid combined with five antistaphylococcal antibiotics--doxycycline, fosfomycin, levofloxacin, rifampicin and vancomycin--upon methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa). five mssa isolates from clinical specimens of human infections--hf008, hf095, hf295, hf602 and hf946--were used in this study. the checkerboard method was used to assess synergism between linezolid and the five antibiotics, and time-kill curve ... | 2006 | 17099793 |
| a new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1. | bacteria have developed mechanisms to escape the first line of host defense, which is constituted by the recruitment of phagocytes to the sites of bacterial invasion. we previously described the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus, a protein that blocks the activation of neutrophils via the formyl peptide receptor (fpr) and c5ar. we now describe a new protein from s. aureus that impaired the neutrophil responses to fpr-like1 (fprl1) agonists. fprl1 inhibitory protein (flipr) i ... | 2006 | 17114475 |
| trim21 is a trimeric protein that binds igg fc via the b30.2 domain. | trims comprise a large protein family that include anti-retroviral restriction factors such as trim5alpha. auto-antibodies to trim21 (ro52) are a common serological feature of patients with sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). we show that, in addition to this autoantibody response, trim21 binds specifically to the fc region of human igg isotypes 1, 2 and 4, via a conformation dependent interaction. the minimal binding epitope was identified as the c-terminal b30.2 domain. ... | 2007 | 17118455 |
| dexamethasone inhibition of trabecular meshwork cell phagocytosis and its modulation by glucocorticoid receptor beta. | glucocorticoid treatment can lead to the development of glaucomatous ocular hypertension and a secondary open-angle glaucoma due to increased aqueous humor outflow resistance that is associated with morphological and biochemical changes in the trabecular meshwork (tm). the cellular responses of glucocorticoids are achieved by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (gralpha), a ligand-activated transcription factor. an alternatively spliced variant, glucocorticoid receptor beta (grbeta), ha ... | 2007 | 17126833 |
| comparison of bactec plus blood culture media to bact/alert fa blood culture media for detection of bacterial pathogens in samples containing therapeutic levels of antibiotics. | blood culture bottles with antimicrobial removal systems are recommended for patients who develop fever while on antibiotics. this study compared the ability of becton dickinson (sparks, md) bactec plus bottles and biomerieux (durham, nc) bact/alert fa bottles to effectively remove vancomycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and a combination of gentamicin/penicillin, thus allowing bacterial pathogens to grow. each bottle was spiked w ... | 2007 | 17166960 |
| necrotizing fasciitis due to a methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus isolate harboring an enterotoxin gene cluster. | benign papular eruption on the left leg of a 72-year-old diabetic man developed into rapidly spreading necrotizing fasciitis despite antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridements. this led to eventual amputation to control the infection. the etiological agent was a staphylococcus aureus isolate harboring the enterotoxin gene cluster seg, sei, sem, sen, and seo but lacked all common toxin genes, including panton-valentine leukocidin. | 2007 | 17166962 |
| a 57-year-old man with a fluid-containing lung cavity: infection of an emphysematous bulla with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | | 2006 | 17167021 |
| [expression of porcine beta-defensin 1 gene in pichia pastoris]. | pbd-1 is an antibacterial peptide that plays an important role in defence system of porcine. to produce pbd-1 with bioactivity in pichia pastoris, according to published amino acid sequence of porcine beta-defensin 1(pbd-1) and the partiality codon of yeast, the pbd-1 gene was synthesized by pcr and cloned into ppic9k to construct the recombinant expression vector ppic9k-pbd-1, the obtained recombinant plasmid was linearized by sal i, and then transformed into smd1168 by electroporation. under t ... | 2006 | 17168333 |
| camphor-related self-inflicted keratoconjunctivitis complicating delusions of parasitosis. | to report a case of camphor-related self-inflicted keratoconjunctivitis secondary to delusions of parasitosis. | 2006 | 17172913 |
| inhibition of interleukin-8 production in human endothelial cells by staphylococcus aureus supernatant. | recent reports have shown that staphylococcus aureus infection increases the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and enhances leucocyte migration, thereby resulting in bacterial elimination. in this study, we analysed the production of the chemokine interleukin (il)-8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) infected with several s. aureus strains by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we found ... | 2007 | 17177974 |
| daryamides a-c, weakly cytotoxic polyketides from a marine-derived actinomycete of the genus streptomyces strain cnq-085. | in the course of our continuing search for new antitumor-antibiotics from marine-derived actinomycete bacteria, four new cytotoxic compounds, designated as daryamides a (1), b (2), and c (3) and (2e,4e)-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid amide (4), were isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived streptomyces strain cnq-085. the structures of these new compounds were assigned by detailed interpretation of spectroscopic data. the relative configuration of 1 was determined by comprehensive nmr ... | 2006 | 17190455 |
| activities of four frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides (temporin-1dra, temporin-1va and the melittin-related peptides ar-23 and rv-23) against anaerobic bacteria. | the activities of two antimicrobial peptides belonging to the temporin family (temporin-1dra from rana draytonii and temporin-1va from rana virgatipes) and two peptides with structural similarity to the bee venom peptide melittin (ar-23 from rana tagoi and rv-23 from r. draytonii) were evaluated against a range of reference strains and clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. these peptides were selected because they show broad-spectrum growth inhibitory activity against reference strains of sev ... | 2007 | 17196372 |
| transcriptional regulation of il-8 by staphylococcus aureus in human conjunctival cells involves activation of ap-1. | to identify signal transduction pathways involved in interleukin (il)-8 expression by human conjunctival cells challenged with staphylococcus aureus. | 2007 | 17197543 |
| human lysozyme expressed in the mammary gland of transgenic dairy goats can inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause mastitis and the cold-spoilage of milk. | the addition of human milk components with intrinsic antimicrobial activity to livestock milk by genetic engineering has the potential to benefit milk safety and production as well as the health of the lactating animal. as a model for the dairy cow, we generated transgenic goats that expressed human lysozyme in their milk at 68% of the levels found in human milk. milk from these transgenic animals had a bacteriostatic effect on both in vitro and in vivo growth of several microorganisms important ... | 2006 | 17199520 |
| impairment of innate immune killing mechanisms by bacteriostatic antibiotics. | antibiotics are designed to support host defense in controlling infection. here we describe a paradoxical inhibitory effect of bacteriostatic antibiotics on key mediators of mammalian innate immunity. when growth of species including escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus is suppressed by chloramphenicol or erythromycin, the susceptibility of the bacteria to cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides or serum complement was markedly diminished. survival of the bacteria in human whole blood, human w ... | 2007 | 17215486 |
| molecular recognition forces between immunoglobulin g and a surface protein adhesin on living staphylococcus aureus. | we report afm measurements of binding events between immunoglobulin g (igg) and protein a (pa) on the surface of live staphylococcus aureus bacteria. the experiments were carried out with igg molecules tethered via cm-amylose linkers to thiol sams on gold-coated afm tips. for comparison, a model system consisting of protein a molecules tethered to thiol sams on gold-coated silicon substrates was also investigated. histograms of binding forces for the pa-igg bond showed comparable rupture forces ... | 2007 | 17249704 |
| limitations in the use of drosophila melanogaster as a model host for gram-positive bacterial infection. | to examine sensitivities of various drosophila melanogaster strains towards human pathogenic and nonpathogenic gram-positive bacteria. | 2007 | 17257264 |
| synthesis of pseudopeptides based l-tryptophan as a potential antimicrobial agent. | four compounds named l-btrppa, l-trp-o-pa, l-trp-m-pa and l-trp-p-pa, pseudopeptides constructed from pyridine and tryptophan units, were synthesized and tested against the gram-positive, gram-negative strains of bacteria and human pathogenic fungi. l-trp-o-pa proved to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, showing a significant inhibition of the growth of gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus luteus), and pathogenic fun ... | 2007 | 17257839 |
| characterisation of receptor binding by the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus and the effects of the host immune response. | the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus (chips) is reported to bind to the receptors for c5a and formylated peptides and has been proposed as a promising lead for the development of new anti-inflammatory compounds. here we have examined the receptor specificity and mode of action of recombinant chips(28-149) and also the immune response to chips(28-149) in patients with s. aureus infections and in uninfected controls. recombinant chips(28-149) bound with high affinity to the h ... | 2007 | 17258808 |