Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| use of clindamycin-2-phosphate in ophthalmology (author's transl). | clindamycin-2-phosphate was studied to evaluate its possible use in ophthalmology. 1. sensitivity of organisms isolated from human clinical materials: of 44 staphylococcal strains in vitro studied 13 were highly sensitive to 0.1 mug/ml and 28 were resistant to 100 mug/ml or more of clindamycin-2-phosphate. 2. in experiments with rabbits, clindamycin-2-phosphate showed superior penetration into the ocular tissues after intravenous injection than after intramuscular injection. 3. clindamycin-2-pho ... | 1977 | 14269 |
| the bacteriolytic effect of human dentoalveolar purulent exudates and leukocyte extracts. | 1977 | 273590 | |
| hydrogen peroxide production and killing of staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the effects of bacterial neuraminidase on production of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and killing of staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were studied. the concentration of h2o2 was measured by the disappearance of scopoletin fluorescence in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. the results indicated that desialylation of human pmn inhibited the stimulation of h2o2 production during phagocytosis. it also markedly impaired the killing of s. aureus. impaired killing of s. ... | 1977 | 189859 |
| monocyte function in man. | the monocyte-macrophage cell line is an important member of the host defense system. this report describes a series of assays that can be applied routinely in the evaluation of human monocyte function and gives information as to the activity of normal monocytes in these systems. tests were chosen to assess various aspects of monocyte function that give some insight into the host defense status and the degree of "activation" of the monocyte. the assays outlined in this report are relatively simpl ... | 1977 | 318668 |
| [cytolytic activity of human tonsillar lymphocytes]. | the radioisotopic method was applied to the study of cytolytic activity of human tonsil lymphocytes against chick erythrocytes, intact and loaded with streptococcus and staphylococcus antigens. lymphocytes proved to be much more active in the lysis of target cells treated with microbial antigens than of the intact ones. the degree of erythrocytolysis dispension of the tonsillar cells and their treatment with antiglobulin serum. | 1977 | 331794 |
| enumeration and identification of human leukemic lymphocytes by their natural binding of bacteria. | the recently described property of bacteria to bind to human lymphocytes was used to distinguish between normal and chronic leukemic lymphocyte (cll) populations. strains of the following bacteria were used in this study: arizona hinshawii, escherichia coli strains 1 and 2, bacillus globigii, brucella melitensis, corynebacterium diphtheriae strains 1 and 2, corynebacterium xerosis, sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. for identification of immunoglobulin-bearing ... | 1977 | 404035 |
| antimicrobial systems of the surgical wound. ii. detection of antimicrobial protein in cell-free wound fluid. | human wound fluid contains heat-stable proteins with moderate antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, and different heat-labile proteins with antibacterial activity against e coli. blood serum also contains heat-labile antibacterial substances, but little heat-stable activity against staphylococcus aureus. both blood serum and wound fluid have bacteriostatic activity against s epidermidis, and early growth of streptococcus fecalis occurs in serum and wound flui ... | 1977 | 404931 |
| mural endocarditis associated with recurrent false aneurysm of the left ventricle. | acute bacterial endocarditis developed in a 65-year-old man two years after surgical resection of a false aneurysm of the left ventricle. the patient had cerebral embolic manifestations, and coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus was cultured from each of six blood samples. a pericardial friction rub and a changing pansystolic murmur appeared during the third week of hospitalization. the presence of a false aneurysm was once again demonstrated on ventriculographic studies. this was successfull ... | 1977 | 832500 |
| influence of temperature on opsonization and phagocytosis of staphylococci. | the effect of incubation temperatures of 41, 37, and 4 degrees c on phagocytosis was investigated using human neutrophils and [3h]thymidine-labeled staphylococci. depressed phagocytosis was observed at 41 and 4 degrees c. at 41 degrees c diminished staphylococcal uptake resulted from decreased attachment of bacteria to leukocytes; the inhibitory effect at 4 degrees c was secondary both to decreased opsonization and to reduced attachment to leukocytes. in contrast to the findings with normal seru ... | 1977 | 832898 |
| kinetics of staphylococcal opsonization, attachment, ingestion and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: a quantitative assay using [3h]thymidine labeled bacteria. | a method has been developed for studying quantitatively the separate processes of bacterial opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes using [3h]thymidine labeled staphylococcus aureus. phagocytosis is determined by assaying for leukocytes-associated radioactivity after differential centrifugation and washing the leukocytes. opsonization is studied by incubating bacteria with an opsonic source for varying durations and then adding leukocytes. by treatment of sa ... | 1977 | 839081 |
| influence of hydrocortisone on granulocyte function and glucose metabolism. | examination has been made of the influence of hydrocortisone on the in vitro phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils and the production of lactate and co2 during phagocytosis of latex particles. in high concentrations, 0.5-2 mg per ml, hydrocortisone caused a significant reduction in the phagocytosis and the production of lactate. neither the bactericidal activity nor the production of 14co2 from (u-14c) glucose in phagocytizing leukocytes was influen ... | 1977 | 899798 |
| inactivation of penicillin by purulent exudates. | four of 22 specimens of human pus inactivated up to 90% of added penicillin within one hour in vitro. ampicillin and cephaloridine were also inactivated, but streptomycin and fusidic acid were not. the effect was not related to the protein content of the pus, nor to its ph value. microbes that may produce beta-lactamase in small quantities were isolated from three of the four specimens, but the enzyme was not detected in the pus by physical methods nor by microbiological inhibition assay. the in ... | 1977 | 585339 |
| heterogeneity of nonimmune immunoglobulin fc reactivity among gram-positive cocci: description of three major types of receptors for human immunoglobulin g. | two hundred and thirty strains of various gram-positive cocci were tested for quantitative, nonimmune binding of radiolabeled human polyclonal immunoglobulin g (igg). the majority of coagulase-positive staphylococci and streptococci belonging to serogroups c and g showed a high uptake of igg. the binding of immunoglobulin to group a streptococci was considerably less, with a number of strains completely negative. none of the pneumococcal or the group b or d streptococcal strains displayed any bi ... | 1977 | 409673 |
| variation in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus aureus from human skin and nares. | patients whose skins are colonized with staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillin and/or tetracycline may carry variants that are sensitive to these antibiotics. the skin of most individuals yields the fully resistant type as the predominant flora and the nose harbours the sensitive version. this probably represents plasmid loss in vivo. the plasmid-positive cells were not more resistant to desiccation or more deeply pigmented than plasmid-negative cells. the explanation for such distributio ... | 1977 | 833568 |
| chemiluminescence by human alveolar macrophages: stimulation with heat-killed bacteria or phorobol myristate acetate. | chemiluminescence of human alveolar macrophages (am) was evaluated in vitro. unstimulated am generated chemiluminescence that remained constant during incubation. addition of heat-killed staphylococcus aureus 502a (hkb) or a chemical agent, phorbol myristate acetate, produced high rates of chemiluminescence that were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased over unstimulated am. phorbol myristate acetate-and hkb-stimulated increases in am chemiluminescence were completely blocked by the enzyme ... | 1977 | 885610 |
| neonatal lung defense mechanisms: a study of the alveolar macrophage system in neonatal rabbits. | abnormal function of the alveolar macrophage system may explain the enhanced susceptibility to pulmonary infection in human neonates. this hypothesis was investigated by infecting 1- to 14-day-old rabbits with aerosols of staphylococcus aureus and then measuring in situ rates of bacterial ingestion, inactivation, and destruction in the lapine lung. the inhaled staphylococci were killed within the lungs of 1-day-old rabbits at a significantly slower rate than that for 7- and 14-day-old rabbits (p ... | 1977 | 900631 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of oral and nasal fluids of canines with reference to bacteria associated with bites. | oral and nasal fluids of 50 dogs were examined to determine the prevalence of aerobic bacteria frequently associated with animal bite wounds. the most frequently isolated microorganisms included: iij, ef-4, pasteurella multocida, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, group d streptococci, corynebacterium sp., enterobacteria, neisseria sp., moraxella sp., and bacillus sp. other species and genera were infrequently recovered and may represent transient flora. the high incidence of iij ... | 1978 | 632349 |
| phagocytosis and killing of staphylococci by human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes. | the phagocytosis and killing of 3h-thymidine-labelled staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) and monocytes (mns) obtained from 50 health donors were evaluated. in addition, extracellular factors that might influence phagocytosis and killing were studied. the method described gave highly reproducible results. no significant difference was observed in the phagocytic and killing functions of a single donor's pmns and mns when studied several times in one day and longitudinally ... | 1978 | 670409 |
| opsonins in human serum for the phagocytosis of complexes between igg and protein a of staphylococcus aureus. | the phagocytosis of complexes between staphylococcal protein a and 125i-labelled igg is enhanced by fresh human serum and to a somewhat lesser extent by heat-inactivated serum. opsonizing activity is detected in two distinct peaks by sephadex g-200 column chromatography. one peak corresponds to the excluded material and the other to the ascending limb of the second protein peak. the active material in serum is retained on a protein a-sepharose but not on an igg-sepharose column. active material ... | 1978 | 680797 |
| human infections caused by thiamine- or menadione-requiring staphylococcus aureus. | stable dwarf forms of staphylococcus aureus have been identified in clinical specimens as the sole or predominant isolate in eight cases. these organisms have been shown to be menadione or thiamine dependent, i.e., cultivation in the presence of one of these agents has permitted growth of colonies which appear typical of s. aureus. in vitro resistance to aminoglycosides was overcome by cultivation in the presence of menadione or thiamine. menadione- or thiamine-requiring s. aureus can be conside ... | 1978 | 701460 |
| leukocyte-platelet interactions in a murine model of chediak-higashi syndrome. | chediak-higashi (ch) syndrome, a genetic disease affecting man and other animals, is partially characterized by defective platelets that lack serotonin and dense bodies and by impaired leukocyte function where chemotaxis, degranulation, and bacterial killing are decreased. the effects of normal platelets containing serotonin and of reagent serotonin on the subnormal microbicidal activity of ch leukocytes were evaluated. the peripheral blood leukocytes of the beige mouse, an animal model with ch ... | 1978 | 687827 |
| the uptake of 3h-dexamethasone during phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. | in the normal human neutrophil under basal resting conditions, cell-associated levels of 3h-dexamethasone (3h-dxm) increased in a linear fashion following addition of the drug. however, during phagocytosis of 14c-labelled staphylococcus aureus (staph. aureus), the intracellular 3h-dxm levels rose above basal concentrations in direct relation to the quantity of ingested organisms. the observation that the cell-associated activity of 3h-dsm rises in a parallel fashion to the quantity of ingested s ... | 1978 | 757535 |
| radioimmunoassay for quantitation of antibodies to alphaviruses with staphylococcal protein a. | a radioimmunoassay (ria) procedure is described for measuring antibodies to alphaviruses in human and other mammalian sera. the test employed protein abearing staphylococcus aureus as a solid-phase immunoadsorbent for (3)h-labeled viruses complexed with immunoglobulin g. using antibodies produced in humans and guinea pigs, the ria procedure clearly differentiated among antibodies to venezuelan, western, and eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses. sensitivity of the ria depended on the concentr ... | 1978 | 566768 |
| detection of antiplatelet antibody in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. | two methods have been developed for the detection of antiplatelet antibodies in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp). the first, a competitive ria, is highly sensitive, reproducible and allows quantitation of platelet associated immunoglobulins (pai) and specifically adsorbed antiplatelet antibodies from serum of patients with itp. the second procedure developed is a simple and rapid qualitative test, where antiplatelet antibodies are detected through the formation of rosettes of protein a prod ... | 1978 | 569356 |
| detection of thrombocyte antibodies by 125i labeled protein a. | protein a from staphylococcus aureus interacts in a specific manner with most subclasses of human igg. in the present study a method is described which utilizes protein a labeled with 125i for the detection of antibody sensitization of platelets. the clinical applicability of the test for detection of in vivo or in vitro sensitization is demonstrated in three patients with platelet antibodies. | 1978 | 725905 |
| [diminution of the antibacterial activity of antibiotics in cultures and in experimental mixed infections]. | we have studied interactions between staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa in the absence and the presence of four different antimicrobials in mixed cultures and experimental infections. these two bacterial species, in addition to having different properties, are known to be opportunistic pathogens often present in human microflora. two main aspects have been investigated and they are related to modifications in two species affecting their equilibrium in the mixed bacterial population ... | 1978 | 417782 |
| ecology of staphylococcus aureus: comparative characterization of strains isolated from man, cattle and sheep in bulgaria and in the gdr. | staphylococcus aureus strains from man, cattle and sheep have been differentiated by biochemical tests and by phage typing. strains from pathological material of human origin mostly belong to the host-specific variety hominis, strains from mastitis in cattle mostly belong to the host-specific variety bovis. however, there are also strains from cattle which cannot be allotted to one of the known host-specific varieties and also strains which belong to the host-specific variety hominis. strains fr ... | 1978 | 570580 |
| expression of two differentiation antigens on normal and cultured human t cells. | an antiserum specific for human t lymphocytes (amt) was used to examine patterns of t cell surface antigen expression and to isolate their reactive membrane antigens. by a quantitative adsorption assay, different plateaus of amt reactivity with blood t cells were observed after serial adsorptions with individual t cell lines. molt-3 cells removed 95% of amt activity to blood t cells whereas molt-4 removed 70% and hsb-2 removed only 30%. a cross-adsorption analysis demonstrated that each of the t ... | 1978 | 355545 |
| immunofluorescent localization of staphylococcos aureus antigen in acute bacterial endocarditis nephritis. | a 75-year-old man with staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in whom acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis developed is described. the light- and electron-microscopic changes of the glomeruli in this case were identical to those of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. immunofluorescence revealed deposition of immunoglobulins and complement in the glomeruli. in addition, bacterial antigenic material was demonstrated in the glomeruli by indirect immunofluorescence. these observations ... | 1978 | 362890 |
| the effect of phorbol myristate acetate on the metabolism and ultrastructure of human alveolar macrophages. | in the present investigation we examined the influence of the surface-active agent phorbol myristate acetate (pma) and opsonized heat-killed bacteria (hkb) on oxygen consumption, superoxide release, and glucose oxidation of human alveolar macrophages (am). both pma and hkb produced a surge in oxygen consumption, superoxide release, and oxidation of 1-14c-glucose and 6-14c-glucose by human am. examination of am by electron microscopy following stimulation by these two agents demonstrated membrane ... | 1978 | 207188 |
| interaction of the b95-8 and p3hr-1 substrains of epstein-barr virus (ebv) with peripheral human lymphocytes. | two substrains of the epstein-barr virus derived from the b95-8 and p3hr-1 cell lines were studied for their interaction with human peripheral lymphocytes. it has been previously shown that b95-8 virus has and p3hr-1 virus lacks lymphocyte-transforming ("immortalizing") properties. dna stimulation induced by b95-8 virus showed a good correlation with the number of surface ig-positive cells. p3hr-1 virus added before b95-8 virus completely abolished the stimulation of dna synthesis. it also preve ... | 1978 | 212371 |
| protein a from staphylococcus aureus-a mitogen for human t lymphocytes and b lymphocytes but not l lymphocytes. | 1978 | 304871 | |
| effects of human alpha-foetoprotein on human b and t lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. | 1978 | 82499 | |
| cell mediated immune responses to bacterial antigens on human mucosal surfaces. | 1978 | 311141 | |
| the effect of methylmethacrylate on bacterial phagocytosis and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of methylmethacrylate were determined by in vitro techniques. it was found that methylmethacrylate in concentrations as low as 0.156 per cent significantly decreased the ability of leukocytes to phagocytose and kill strains of staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli. the evidence indicates that methylmethacrylate impairs the killing more than the phagocytosis by the le ... | 1978 | 359561 |
| protection of phagocytosed bacteria against antimicrobial agents. | antibiotic sensitive staphylococcus aureus phagocytosed by human neutrophil granulocytes were exposed to penicillin g (benzyl penicillin), gentamicin or rifampicin in concentrations from 2.5 u/ml, 2.5 microgram/ml and 0.2 microgram/ml to 250 u/ml, 250 microgram/ml and 20 microgram/ml, respectively. the bacteria were protected from the antibacterial effects of penicillin g and gentamicin. considerable numbers of phagocytosed bacteria remained viable after 24 hours exposure to antibiotic concentra ... | 1978 | 360374 |
| [experience in studying protein a in staphylococcal cultures]. | methods of quantitative and qualitative determination of protein a in staphylococcus cultures were studied comparatively. the maximal number of strains positive by protein a were revealed by means of indirect hemagglutination test with cell extracts. quantitative and qualitative characteristics by protein a can be used in studying the problems of strain and clone heterogeneity of s. aureus. a common antigen was revealed in the reactions with human gamma-globulin in 21 of 38 s. aureus strains, an ... | 1978 | 79281 |
| [the mutual transmission of staphylococcus aureus between humans and cattle and the environmental adaptation of hemolysin and fibrinolysin formation]. | in an ecological investigation in 20 dairy herds of cattle we compared the characteristics of strains isolated from nasal swabs of milkers, from the udder of cows and from cases of mastitis in cows. in 7 herds we found definite strains in the nasal flora of the milkers and in the udder-flora of the cows which only differ in the formation of hemolysin and of fibrinolysin. in the other checked characteristics strains from man and strains from cattle show identical patterns. in 5 herds these strain ... | 1978 | 149523 |
| [protein a research in 1200 strains of staphylococcus (using a rapid detection technic by passive hemagglutination with glutaraldehyde treated erythrocytes]. | the technique used was that of passive hemaglutination of red cells of sheep prepared with glutaraldehyde and sensitized by anti-erythrocyte antibodies. a protein-a was not found in s. epidermidis strains, but was present in 96.3 per cent of 689 strains of s. aureus from human, animal and food origins. | 1978 | 150897 |
| phage typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci. | 218 bovine and 116 human strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 46 bovine staphylococcus aureus strains were typed with the verhoef-phage set for human staphylococci and the holmberg-set for bovine staphylococci. 22.5% of the bovine strains were lysed by the bovine phages and only 3.2% by the human phages. none of the bovine staph. aureus strains could be typed. 21% of the human strains tested were lysed by the human phages and only 5.2% by the bovine phages. these results clearly demon ... | 1978 | 151457 |
| phage typing of nontypable isolates of staphylococcus aureus using the new phages 94, 95, and 96 and the heat-shock treatment. | of 2,144 isolates of staphylococcus aureus (from human beings in new york state) received in the authors' laboratory during 1975, 992 (46.,%) were nontypable with the use of the international basic set of bacteriophages. these 2,144 isolates were retested with the use of the recently added phages 94, 95, and 96. nearly 60% of the isolates were lysed with one or more of these three phages, including 64% of those previously nontypable, thus reducing the percentage of nontypables to 16.5%. one hund ... | 1978 | 152059 |
| effect of serum on gram-positive cocci grown in the presence of penicillin. | strains of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus bovis, and a strain of streptococcus that produces filaments were grown on agar containing penicillin at concentrations of one-half to 1/10th the minimal inhibitory concentration. these penicillin-exposed organisms as well as untreated control organisms were incubated with human serum of plasma. both serum and plasma produced a remarkable bactericidal effect on the filament-forming streptococcus grown in the presence of peni ... | 1978 | 105057 |
| immunoglobulin m synthesized by human lymphoblastoid cells: interaction with staphylococcus aureus and protein a. | immunoglobulin m synthesized by a human lymphoblastoid cell line, la173, was found to bind specifically to the protein a-bearing cowan i strain of staphylococcus aureus. the (3h)-leucine-labeled, secreted igm from these la173 cells also formed precipitin complexes with purified protein a. soluble complexes formed at high protein a/igm ratios retained the ability to bind to the bacterial surface. precipitin complexes also were observed in double diffusion ouchterlony gels with a line of identity ... | 1978 | 100556 |
| bacteria induce lymphokine synthesis polyclonally in human b lymphocytes. | we have studied the ability of various bacteria to stimulate human lymphocytes to produce leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (lif). mononuclear cells from adult and cord blood as well as purified t and b lymphocytes were stimulated with killed bacteria. the culture supernatants were tested for the presence of lif by the agarose migration method. all nine bacterial strains tested activated unseparated mononuclear cells and b lymphocytes but not t cells to produce lif. lif was also present in c ... | 1978 | 98583 |
| activation of human b and t lymphocytes by protein a of staphylococcus aureus. | protein a from staphylococcus aureus, in soluble form or coupled to sepharose beads, acts as a polyclonal b cell activator (pba) for human lymphocytes in blood and spleen. pba activity was demonstrated in spleen cells by the ability of protein a to induce the formation of intracellular immunoglobulin synthesis and to activate polyclonal antibody secretion demonstrated against fluorescein isothiocyanate-coupled sheep erythrocytes in a modified hemolysis in gel assay. more plaqueforming cells (pfc ... | 1978 | 305849 |
| the effect of pneumonia induced in mice with mycoplasma pulmonis on resistance to subsequent bacterial infection and the effect of a respiratory infection with sendai virus on the resistance of mice to mycoplasma pulmonis. | the effect of pneumonia induced by mycoplasma pulmonis in mice on the resistance of the lung to additional bacterial infection was examined. the effect of pneumonia induced by sendai virus on the resistance of mice to m. pulmonis was also investigated and compared with the effect of sendai virus on resistance to staphylococcus aureus. sendai virus infection decreased subsequent resistance to m. pulmonis in proportion to the virus dose. decreased resistance to subsequent s. aureus and m. pulmonis ... | 1978 | 215702 |
| neuraminidase alteration of human lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens, antigens and allogenic lymphocytes. | lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (pha) was reduced significantly in whole-blood cultures initiated with nontoxic concentrations of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn). reduced responsiveness was not due to degradation or inactivation of pha by this enzyme, and the reaction was dependent upon the dose and time at which this mitogen and enzyme were added to the cultures. in cultures from some subjects, vcn also inhibited reactivity to concanavalin a. in contrast, lymphocyte reactivity t ... | 1978 | 283169 |
| detection of virus and cellular-determined antigens in situ using [125i]protein a and autoradiography. | the present paper describes the use of [125i]protein a, isolated from staphylococcus aureus, in detecting antigen-antibody complexes by autoradiography on single cells. the method is relatively quick, reproducible, potentially more sensitive than immunofluorescence, and should be useful in combination with conventional radioimmuno-assays. we have used it to detect the cellular expression of igm, kappa, lambda, and beta 2-microglobulin, as well as the expression of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associ ... | 1979 | 227963 |
| effects of sendai virus infection on function of cultured mouse alveolar macrophages. | cultured mouse alveolar macrophages supported the growth of sendai virus (murine parainfluenza i virus), as measured by both a 10-fold increase in extracellular virus titers and development of viral antigens on most of the cells. synthesis of virus continued for at least 1 month without cytopathic effects. macrophage phagocytic activity for candida, staphylococcus epidermidis, and opsonized erythrocytes remained unaffected by the infection, and the ability of the cells to kill s. epidermidis and ... | 1979 | 229749 |
| bacteriological criteria for feeding raw breast-milk to babies on neonatal units. | aerobic cultures of 207 samples of drip breast-milk from seventy mothers in hospital showed that 6 (3%) were sterile and 170 (82%) contained only the commensal organisms coagulase-negative staphylococci and streptococcus viridans. 25 (15%) grew potential pathogens--staphylococcus aureus in 13 (6%); enterobacteria in 15 (7%); and group-b streptococci in 3 (2%). it is proposed that milk with commensals in any numbers may be considered for use unheated but not milk containing any potential pathogen ... | 1979 | 90814 |
| frequency and fate of human renal allografts contaminated prior to transplantation. | bacterial cultures were done from donor ureter and/or graft perfusion fluid on 92 of 112 patients who had renal transplantations during 1977. three samples of perfusion fluid and 14 samples of donor ureter contained bacteria. in nine cases there was a gram-positive organism, and in 10 cases a gram-negative rod was (among) the contaminant(s). there was no difference in the rate of graft survival, patient survival, or in the frequency of major postoperative complications between the two groups. on ... | 1979 | 107605 |
| comparative study of erythromycin, amoxicillin and ampicillin antimicrobial activity against human respiratory tract pathogens. | an in vitro test system was used to compare the antimicrobial activity of erythromycin, amoxicillin and ampicillin against respiratory tract pathogens isolated from man. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of fresh clinical isolates of streptoccus pyogenes, streptocuccus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae to the macrolide and penicillins ranged between 0.01 and 0.9 microgram/ml. the microbes were exposed to each antibiotic for approximately 3 h at 1x,2x and 5x ... | 1979 | 44765 |
| opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid for selected bacterial species. | the opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid (csf) has not been well defined. in this study, the opsonic activity of normal csf for laboratory and blood culture isolates of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, hemophilus influenzae type b, and neisseria meningitidis was measured by a quantitative assay employing radiolabeled bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. all isolates of s. aureus, except the wood 46 strain, were opsonized in undiluted csf (> ... | 1979 | 43289 |
| use of staphylococcus aureus for rapid radioimmunoassay of influenza a virus haemagglutinin. | in a rapid method for the radioimmunoassay (ria) of influenza a virus haemagglutinin, staphylococcus aureus (strain cowan i, czechoslovak state collection no mau 55/64) was used for separation of bound and free antigens. with rabbit and human immune sera, the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to heat-killed, formalin-fixed staphylocci was comparable to the double antibody technique. the time required for the completion of binding reaction was about 10 min compared to 18--24 hr required for d ... | 1979 | 39433 |
| [staphylococcus aureus in poultry--biochemical characteristics, antibiotic resistance and phage pattern (author's transl)]. | in a poultry processing plant in northern germany 1412 swabs were taken from poultry carcasses together with 608 swabs from the personnel. the broilers came from 22 different chicken farms. the swabs taken from the poultry and those taken from the personnel proved to be 35% and 48% staph. aureus positive respectively. the swabs taken from the feathers and from the skin were staphylococcal positive at a higher level (47%) than the swabs taken from the cloaca (19%) and the throat (23%). between 8% ... | 1979 | 159590 |
| studies on the relationship between the degradative rates of proteins in vivo and their isoelectric points. | acidic proteins tend to be degraded more rapidly than neutral or basic proteins in rat liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and brain and in mouse liver and skeletal muscle. we now report a similar relationship among soluble proteins from rat lung, heart and testes, and from human fibroblasts and mouse-embryo cells grown in culture. these findings indicate that the correlation between protein net charge and degradative rate is a general characteristic of intracellular protein degradation in mammals. t ... | 1979 | 36075 |
| factors causing the clumping reaction of streptococcal strains with human plasma. | fresh isolates of 204 strains of streptococcus haemolyticus, 75 strains of viridans group streptococcus, and 45 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae were studied for their clumping reactions with human plasma. the plasma and serum factors that clumped the streptococcal strains were compared with those that clumped a staphylococcus aureus strain. one hundred eleven strains of s. haemolyticus, 10 strains of viridans group streptococcus, and none of the strains of s. pneumoniae tested were clumped b ... | 1979 | 35572 |
| staphylococcus aureus opsonization mediated via the classical and alternative complement pathways. a kinetic study using mgegta chelated serum and human sera deficient in igg and complement factors c1s and c2. | staphylococcus aureus opsonization was studied kinetically by: (1) determination of the uptake of [3h]-thymidine labelled bacteria by human pmn's; (2) fluorescent anti-c3 and anti-igg staining of opsonized bacteria; and (3) measuring bacterial complement consumption. maximum opsonization in normal serum occurred within 5 min of incubation. about 80% of staphylococci were then taken up by pmn's, and igg and c3b could be detected on the bacterial surface. in the absence of a functional classical c ... | 1979 | 108204 |
| effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. xiv. bacteriolytic effects of human sera, synovial fluids, and purulent exudates on staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis: modulation by cohn's fraction ii and by polyelectrolytes. | normal sera and plasma, derived from humans, calves, rats, rabbits, horses, human synovial fluids, inflammatory exudates, and leukocyte extracts, when sufficiently diluted are highly bacteriolytic for staph, aureus, strep. faecalis, b. sutilis and to a variety of gram-negative rods. on the other hand, concentrated serum or the other body fluids are usually not bacteriolytic for these bacterial species. while the lysis of staph, aureus and b. subtilis by diluted serum is not lysozyme dependent, l ... | 1979 | 92458 |
| solid phase radioimmunoassay for quantitation of antigen-specific igg in human sera with 125i-protein a from staphylococcus aureus. | radiolabeled protein a from staphylococcus aureus (staph a) has been used to develop a solid phase, noncompetitive radioimmunoassay for quantitation of specific igg antibody. the assay involves two incubations: first, agarose-insolubilized antigen is mixed with serum samples for 1 to 4 hr during which specific antibody is bound; second, after a washing procedure, the solid phase immune complexes are incubated for 4 to 18 hr with 125i-staph a, during which the radiolabeled detection protein binds ... | 1979 | 87416 |
| [therapy and prophylaxis of experimental staphylococcal nephritis of the rabbit with gamma-globulin and f(ab')2-fragments (author's transl)]. | prophylactic and therapeutic effects of immunoglobulins and their combination with ampicillin were studied in an experimental bacterial nephritis model after i.v. injection of staphylococcus aureus into rabbits. untreated human igg and a preparation containing f(ab')2-pieces were investigated on therapeutic effects. both antibody preparations prevented the lethal purulent inflammation of kidneys when injected immediately before the infection. the course of the pathological process after infectio ... | 1979 | 87206 |
| thermonuclease seroinhibition test for distinguishing staphylococcus aureus from other coagulase-positive staphylococci. | since coagulase-positive staphylococci from animals are heterogeneous, another test is necessary to distinguish staphylococcus aureus from them. staphylococcal thermonucleases appear to be heterogeneous; antisera raised against s. aureus isolated from humans inhibit thermonuclease activity as demonstrated by the metachromatic well-agar diffusion method. the serological specificity of the thermonuclease elaborated by s. aureus of human origin was demonstrated using three antisera and 407 strains ... | 1979 | 85633 |
| [characteristics of the mitogenic activity of different staphylococcal strains]. | the mitogens of human peripheral lymphocytes were detected in the metabolic products of 59 out of 71 s. aureus strains. the preparations of s. epidermidis were inactive. when stimulated with filtrates of various s. aureus strains, 72-hour lymphocyte cultures were found to have 0--46% of blasts. two-year observation of a strain showed its stable mitogenic characteristics. the mitogenic properties of the preparations did not correlate with their coagulase, alpha-toxic, dermonecrotoxic, cytotoxic, ... | 1979 | 316242 |
| effects of hyperbaric oxygen upon s. aureus, ps. aeruginosa and c. albicans. | numerous in vitro investigations have reported that prolonged, continuous hyperbaric oxygen (ohp) exposure to certain bacteria and yeast is bacteriostatic. while it is tempting to attribute the lower infection rates reported in ohp-treated patients to this bacteriostatic effect, the duration and intensity of ohp exposure in these experimental studies exceeds that of normal therapeutic use. this study was designed to investigate the effects of human ohp treatment protocols upon the in vitro growt ... | 1979 | 114160 |
| comparison of radioimmunoprecipitation assays for the detection of human anti-tumor virus antibodies. | the demonstration of human antibodies reactive in radioimmunoprecipitation assays (rias) with primate tumor virus (oncornavirus) antigen has implications for a possible previously published negative findings and led to considerable scientific controversy. we feel much of the discrepancy may be of methodological origin. an attempt is therefore made in this communication to resolve these apparent discrepancies by comparing various published parameters of the rias used in the search for human antib ... | 1979 | 117054 |
| bacterial contamination of expressed breast milk. | in a study of breast milk collected into sterile bottles rinsed in 1% hypochlorite solution the hypochlorite solution adherent to the sides of the bottles apparently caused a large reduction in bacterial contamination of the milk after storage at 4 degrees c for up to four hours. heating expressed breast milk at 62.5 degrees c for five minutes destroyed over 90% of the escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and group b beta-haemolytic streptococci inoculated into the milk samples. rinsing coll ... | 1979 | 391343 |
| comparative bactericidal effect of ceforanide (bl-s 786) and five other cephalosporins in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. | the bactericidal activity of ceforanide was compared, in an in vitro kinetic model, with that of five other cephalosproins: cephalothin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin. cultures of various pathogens in 95% human serum were incubated for 12 hours in the presence of the cephalosporins whose concentrations were modified periodically-by addition of a concentrated solution of drug or dilution with unmedicated serum-in order to simulate the variation of antibiotic concentration in h ... | 1979 | 396292 |
| serotyping of serratia marcescens: simplified tube o-agglutination test and comparison with other serological procedures. | a simplified tube o-agglutination test was developed and evaluated for the determination of somatic serogroup (o) antigens of serratia marcescens. use was made of tryptic soy broth (tsb)-grown o-cells that had been boiled for 1 hour; 0.145 m nacl proved a satisfactory diluent. various technical parameters of this test were examined as well. rabbit anti-o immune sera, that had been elicited with 5 x concentrated, tsb-grown, 1 hour-boiled o-cells of all 15 currently employed o-antigen reference st ... | 1979 | 396741 |
| [staphylococcus aureus infections in domestic fowls. 1. ecology and epizootiology. (review)]. | the ecological and epizootiological aspects relating to staphylococcus aureus in domestic fowl are expounded, on the basis of literature, with particular reference being made to five topics: occurrence of these conditionally pathogenic bacteria in domestic fowl, point of attack and routes of infection, conditions for possible occurrence of infections, reciprocal infection between man and animal, as well as aspects of therapy and prophylaxis. | 1979 | 399432 |
| antibody-coated protein a-bearing staphylococcus aureus: a versatile and stable immune reagent. | the human beta2-microglobulin antigen-antibody system was used as a model to illustrate the versatility of a microradioimmunoassay technique using protein a-bearing staphylococcus aureus cowan i strain (saci) bacteria as a non-specific immunoadsorbent in place of a second antibody. experimental conditions are described for a sensitive microassay which makes it possible to process large numbers of samples more rapidly and with minimum handling. furthermore, saci coated with specific antibodies by ... | 1979 | 368250 |
| antibody production and dna synthesis of human lymphocyte subpopulations induced by ppd tuberculin. | purified protein derivative (ppd) of tuberculin was found to induce antibody secretion and dna synthesis in human lymphocytes from blood, spleen, tonsil and lymph node. antibody secretion was measured as plaque-forming cells (pfc) against fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) coupled sheep red blood cells (srbc) in a haemolysis-in-gel assay. peak antibody secretion by 100 micrograms/ml of ppd was usually seen on day 6 for blood lymphocytes, and varied from day 3 to day 6 for spleen cells. peak dna s ... | 1979 | 385183 |
| localization of the third component of complement on the cell wall of encapsulated staphylococcus aureus m: implications for the mechanism of resistance to phagocytosis. | encapsulated staphylococcus aureus strains are more virulent than unencapsulated staphylococci, and this phenomenon has been associated with decreased opsonization of encapsulated bacteria by normal human serum. peptidoglycan, a major cell wall component of s. aureus, has been shown to promote opsonization of this bacterial species by certain components of the serum complement system. however, when the processes of complement activation and opsonization of encapsulated staphylococci have been st ... | 1979 | 393630 |
| beneficial effect of granulocyte transfusions in patients with defects in granulocyte function and severe infections. | a 3-year-old boy (patient a) with a congenital and a 24-year-old man (patient b) with an acquired granulocyte function defect received supportive granulocyte transfusions for the management of severe infections. the boy had suffered from recurrent infections since bith. his granulocytes showed in vitro almost no chemotactic responsiveness, an impaired phagocytosis and reduced intracellular killing of candida albicans. family studies suggested that it was an inherited autosomal recessive defect. ... | 1979 | 424696 |
| enterotoxin production by staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cases of chronic osteomyelitis. | of 264 staphylococcus aureus strains selected at random from 3,978 strains isolated from chronic osteomyelitis patients, 79 were found to produce enterotoxin. a majority of the strains (65%) were nontypable by phages belonging to the international phage set for human strain typing. the significance of these strains and their circulation among the population is discussed, especially from the standpoint of their possible role in the development of osteomyelitis. | 1979 | 429545 |
| lipopolysaccharide and lipid a-induced human blood lymphocyte activation as detected by a protein a plaque assay. | various purified cell wall lipopolysaccharides (lps) from gram-negative bacteria and derivatives of these lps were tested for their stimulatory capacity for human peripheral blood cells. immunoglobulin (ig) production was tested by an indirect plaque-forming cell assay using staphylococcus aureus protein a-coupled erythrocytes and specific anti-ig as developing serum. this method allows the detection of the majority of cells secreting ig of a single class, and the number of plaque-forming cells ... | 1979 | 387423 |
| interactions between human eosinophils and schistosomula of schistosoma mansoni. ii. the mechanism of irreversible eosinophil adherence. | previous work (1)(1) has shown that normal human eosinophils show a preferential capacity, in comparison with neutrophils, to bind to antibody- coated schistosomula of schistosoma mansoni. this effect is attributable to a temperature-dependent function of the eosinophil which renders its binding stable and irreversible by aggregated gamma globulin or staphylococcus aureus protein a. in contrast, the binding of neutrophils is readily reversible by these agents. it has now been shown that the diff ... | 1979 | 390086 |
| binding of immunoglobulin g aggregates and immune complexes in human sera to staphylococci containing protein a. | using the cowan i strain of staphylococcus aureus, we compared the binding properties of human monomeric immunoglobulin (ig)g and oligomeric or complexed igg. heat-aggregated igg served as a model for complexed igg and heat-killed, formalin-fixed s. aureus (stapha) as a cellular receptor for igg, in determining the parameters for oligomeric and monomeric binding. because of its capacity for multipoint attachment, complexed igg binding was favored over monomeric igg binding, and this preferential ... | 1979 | 438327 |
| the function of human alveolar macrophages. | 1979 | 430467 | |
| mycotic aneurysms of the hepatic artery. treatment with arterial embolization. | in a 29 year old white man with acute staphylococcus aureus endocarditis of the aortic valve two mycotic aneurysms of the hepatic artery developed during antibiotic treatment. one aneurysm was treated with surgical ligation and the other with gelfoam embolization. successful obliteration of the embolized aneurysm was demonstrated by hepatic arteriography two months later. the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management of hepatic mycotic aneurysms is discussed with emphasis on arterial ... | 1979 | 582881 |
| evaluation of human monocyte function in vitro. | mononuclear phagocytes play a role in immunologic phenomena as well as in defence reactions of the organism. it is therefore important that clinicians have possibilities of evaluating their functions. a combination of simple and reproducible methods was set up to make this evaluation possible. the tests described in this paper are performed using peripheral blood monocytes and include: (1) phagocytic capacity of staphylococcus aureus and 51cr-labelled sheep erythrocytes, (2) bactericidal capacit ... | 1979 | 525978 |
| effects of staphylococcus aureus lysozyme on human fibroblasts. | the purified lysozyme excreted by staphylococcus aureus strains promotes elongation and spreading on plastic surfaces and stimulates dna synthesis of human fibroblasts (wi38). this enzyme also raises twofold the saturation density level of cultures of these cells. it is suggested that the primitive and main effect of lysozyme on fibroblasts is the triggering of morphogenesis. | 1979 | 498287 |
| [bacterial antagonism of oral secretions towards staphylococci]. | bacterial antagonism may be one of the mechanism which regulates the bacterial flora of the pharynx. we have investigated the bacterial antagonism exerted in oral secretion by alpha-hemolytic streptococci against s. aureus and s. epidermidis. we cultured viridans streptococci and staphylococci in human saliva and we noted a bactericidal activity towards staphylococci. such activity, referable to the salivary system (peroxidase-thiocyanate) activated by hydrogen peroxide produced by streptococci, ... | 1979 | 553513 |
| significance of serum factors in the stimulation of human umbilical cord and fetal lymphocytes by soluble protein a from staphylococcus aureus. | 1979 | 499329 | |
| [use of staphylococcal protein a for the detection of rubella virus igm antibodies]. | the ability of staphylococcus aureus protein a to bind human serum immunoglobulin of different classes and the conditions which allow a selective reduction of igg in comparison to other immunoglobulin classes were preliminarly studied. working under standardized conditions, a recovery of 3.5% of the initial value for igg, of 40-50% for igm and of 70-75% for iga was obtained. rubella hi antibodies, before and after staphylococcus treatment, were titred in 88 sera collected from adult women at dif ... | 1979 | 553518 |
| [cefamandole: in vitro and in vivo activity]. | among the cephalosporin antibiotics, a relatively new derivative of cefamandole has been studied, the sodium salt of its formyl ester, cefamandole nafate. it has shown a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (127 strains); the susceptibility was good even with beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. good protective doses (pd50) were found after mice infections with staphylococcus aureus and salmonella wien. the pharmacokinetics of cef ... | 1979 | 553842 |
| a preliminary research on nutritional requirements in defined media to differentiate human staphylococci strains. | 1979 | 554137 | |
| cryptic peptidoglycan and the antiphagocytic effect of the staphylococcus aureus capsule: model for the antiphagocytic effect of bacterial cell surface polymers. | the antiphagocytic effect of the staphylococcus aureus capsule is known to be related to its ability to interfere with opsonization by normal human serum. in this study, evidence is presented with isolated cell surface components which indicates that the capsule hinders opsonization by masking cell wall peptidoglycan. in contrast to intact, encapsulated s. aureus m cells, peptidoglycan particles isolated from the organism were efficiently opsonized by normal human serum and phagocytized by human ... | 1979 | 422250 |
| double-antibody method and the protein-a-bearing staphylococcus aureus cells method compared for separating bound and free antigen in radioimmunoassay. | we compared the protein-a-bearing staphylococcus aureus immunoadsorbent to the double-antibody precipitation method for separating bound and free radiolabeled antigen in a radioimmunoassay. with human albumin (antigen) and rabbit anti-human albumin (antibody) as a model, our results indicate that formalin-fixed, heat-killed s. aureus cells could be substituted for the double-antibody precipitation method. ease of preparation and high adsorption capacity of protein-a-bearing s. aureus for most ma ... | 1979 | 436246 |
| radioimmunoassay of glycosphingolipids: application for the detection of forssman glycolipid in tissue extracts and cell membranes. | development of a radioimmunoassay for detecting glycosphingolipids has been difficult, primarily because of transfer of radiolabeled glycolipid antigen to the unlabeled antigen pool. this difficulty has been overcome by the use of a radiolabeled glycolipid-polymer. thus, an assay system has been developed for measuring picomolar quantities of forssman hapten glycolipid. this assay is based on competition for rabbit anti-forssman antibodies between forssman glycolipid and a radiolabeled forssman ... | 1979 | 469271 |
| passive protection by human serum in mice infected with encapsulated staphylococcus aureus. | the occurrence and nature of passive protective antibody in 100 samples of human serum was investigated in mice challenged with strains of staphylococcus aureus capsular types a (smith diffuse strain) and b (strain ns58d). sixty of the sera passively protected mice against the capsular type-a strain, three against type b, and one against both types. rabbit antisera against human igg, iga and igm could remove the protective activity from a human serum of high potency, and the activity was also se ... | 1979 | 469929 |
| staphylococcal septic arthritis in three horses. | three horses were diagnosed as having monarticular septic arthritis due to staphylococcus aureus on the basis of culture of articular cartilage, synovial membrane and/or synovial fluid. the organisms were all well recognised human phage types and in two cases demonstrated beta-lactamase (penicillinase) activity. details of case histories are presented and the bacteriological techniques and antibiotic management with cloxacillin, methicillin and penicillin discussed. following treatment, sterile ... | 1979 | 477650 |
| circulating staphylococcal antigen in humans and immune rabbits with endocarditis due to staphylococcus aureus: inhibition of detection by preexisting antibodies. | a radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal antigen that had detected antigenemia in each of 12 nonimmune rabbits with staphylococcal endocarditis detected antigen in sera from one of nine humans and two of eight immune rabbits with staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. staphylococcal antigens could be detected at concentrations as low as 0.78 microgram/ml when diluted in normal rabbit serum, compared with 6.25 microgram/ml when diluted in normal human serum and greater than 25 microgram/ml when diluted ... | 1979 | 458201 |
| [maternal lactation. ii. intestinal colonization in breast fed newborn infants]. | twenty-three low birth weight infants were studied to establish the role that breast milk plays in the intestinal colonization of the preterm infant, and in the control of epidemic diarrhea due to enteropathogenic e. coli, in nurseries. twelve of these case were fed breast milk in bottles, and eleven with "humanized" powder cow's milk (nan m.r.). bacteriologic studies of feces were performed daily during the first 18 days of life. in 5 cases given breast milk, and in 8 receiving cow's milk, stap ... | 1979 | 465174 |
| proteolysis of human igg by human polymorphonuclear leucocyte elastase produces an fc fragment with in vitro biological activity. | the fc fragment derived by proteolysis of human igg by human polymorphonuclear leucocyte (pmn) elastase was tested for in vitro biological activity. this fragment could attach to the specific igg receptor of staphylococcus aureus cowan i cells (protein a) and could be eluted from the cells with dissociating buffer. taking advantage of this attachment, it was shown that the fc fragment is capable of attaching to the antigen-combining site of an igm rheumatoid factor and can bind to the fc recepto ... | 1979 | 487653 |
| detection of factor ix antibodies by radioimmunoassay: effect of calcium on antibody-factor ix interaction. | a radioimmunoassay for alloantibodies (inhibitors) and heteroantibodies to human factor ix has been developed using radioiodinated human factor ix and formalin-fixed, heat-killed staphylococcus aureus cells (staph a). staph a was used as a solid-phase adsorbent for immune complexes. the assay is specific, shows excellent correlation with factor ix coagulant neutralization assays in detecting alloantibodies (r = 0.98), and is 60 times more sensitive. the staph a method allows rapid separation of ... | 1980 | 6158351 |
| [measurement of alpha 2-macroglobulin in human sera by quantitative inhibition of an acid staphylococcal protease (author's transl)]. | concentrations of alpha 2-macroglobulin could be determined in the sera of 215 blood donors and 94 patients with various internal diseases by quantitative inhibition of an acid protease from staphylococcus aureus, m 135 (fig. 1, 2). the determinations agreed closely with those obtained by immunodiffusion (tab. 1, fig. 3). however, the alpha 2-macroglobulin-measurements by the protease method required only 4 h and 40 microliter serum. this procedure would also be suitable for the determination of ... | 1980 | 6158814 |
| use of soluble and staphylococcus aureus-immobilized second antibody compared in a radioimmunoassay for human alpha-fetoprotein. | staphylococcus aureus cells coated with rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin g were compared with soluble second antibody in a radioimmunoassay for human serum alphafetoprotein. recovery of primary immune complexes with use of the bacterial immunoadsorbant (a) allowed second-antibody incubation time to be shortened from 3 h to 20 min at 37 degrees c, (b) decreased by 80% the amount of second antibody required per assay, thereby significantly reducing assay costs, and (c) provided a convenient and rep ... | 1980 | 6156032 |
| a fluorometric determination of sphingomyelinase by use of fluorescent derivatives of sphingomyelin, and its application to diagnosis of niemann-pick disease. | we synthesized fluorescent derivatives of sphingomyelin (n-acyl-sphingosylphosphocholine) and used them as substrates for several sphingomyelinases. the following five fluorescent probes, each attached to the terminal carbon atom of the fatty acyl residue, were introduced into sphingomyelin: dansyl, pyrene, carbazole, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, and anthroic acid. we compared the rates at which the fluoro- and radiolabeled sphingomyelins were hydrolyzed. they were the same with the f ... | 1980 | 6243257 |
| determination of iga antibodies to human cytomegalovirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described for detection of iga antibodies cytomegalovirus (cmv). the antigen consisted of a sonicated extract of cmv infected human embryo cells. the tested sera were absorbed with staphylococcus aureus (strain cowan 1) before analysis. rabbit antihuman iga peroxidase conjugate was used to detect human iga bound to viral antigen. in parallel, igm and igg antibodies to cmv were studied by elisa and by the immunoperoxidase antibody to membra ... | 1980 | 6262458 |
| rarity of gene transfer between animal and human isolates of staphylococcus aureus in vitro. | antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains of animal origin were studied for transfer of resistance to human strains in vitro, with special reference to tylosin, an antibiotic which is used only in animals. resistance to tylosin in animal and human strains was part of a constitutive resistance to all macrolide antibiotics. resistance to tylosin could not be transferred from animal to human strains in vitro. transfer of other resistances occurred between few strains and at low frequency. ... | 1980 | 6453205 |