| leukocyte-platelet interactions in a murine model of chediak-higashi syndrome. | chediak-higashi (ch) syndrome, a genetic disease affecting man and other animals, is partially characterized by defective platelets that lack serotonin and dense bodies and by impaired leukocyte function where chemotaxis, degranulation, and bacterial killing are decreased. the effects of normal platelets containing serotonin and of reagent serotonin on the subnormal microbicidal activity of ch leukocytes were evaluated. the peripheral blood leukocytes of the beige mouse, an animal model with ch ... | 1978 | 687827 |
| human infections caused by thiamine- or menadione-requiring staphylococcus aureus. | stable dwarf forms of staphylococcus aureus have been identified in clinical specimens as the sole or predominant isolate in eight cases. these organisms have been shown to be menadione or thiamine dependent, i.e., cultivation in the presence of one of these agents has permitted growth of colonies which appear typical of s. aureus. in vitro resistance to aminoglycosides was overcome by cultivation in the presence of menadione or thiamine. menadione- or thiamine-requiring s. aureus can be conside ... | 1978 | 701460 |
| detection of thrombocyte antibodies by 125i labeled protein a. | protein a from staphylococcus aureus interacts in a specific manner with most subclasses of human igg. in the present study a method is described which utilizes protein a labeled with 125i for the detection of antibody sensitization of platelets. the clinical applicability of the test for detection of in vivo or in vitro sensitization is demonstrated in three patients with platelet antibodies. | 1978 | 725905 |
| the uptake of 3h-dexamethasone during phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. | in the normal human neutrophil under basal resting conditions, cell-associated levels of 3h-dexamethasone (3h-dxm) increased in a linear fashion following addition of the drug. however, during phagocytosis of 14c-labelled staphylococcus aureus (staph. aureus), the intracellular 3h-dxm levels rose above basal concentrations in direct relation to the quantity of ingested organisms. the observation that the cell-associated activity of 3h-dsm rises in a parallel fashion to the quantity of ingested s ... | 1978 | 757535 |
| chemiluminescence response of phagocytizing human monocytes. | chemiluminescence (cl) occurs as a consequence of phagocytosis of bacteria or inert particles by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. this phenomenon appears to be related to the production of singlet oxygen and/or electronically excited carbonyl groups which relax with light emission. we report that human monocytes also produce cl after phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria, fungi, or zymosan particles. monocytes produce approximately one-third of the cl produced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils f ... | 1976 | 780271 |
| detection of circulating igg aggregates and immune complexes using 125i protein a from staphylococcus aureus. | a method for detection of circulating immune complexes by the use of 125i labelled staphylococcal protein a is described. in a polyethylene glycol solution as little as 1-2 mg/l of soluble heat aggregated human igg could be quantitated. variables which might influence the assay were examined. separation of immune complexes in serum from monomeric igg was essential and achieved by gel chromatography on sephadex g200. this assay may be suitable for clinical routine for detection and quantitation o ... | 1976 | 788651 |
| interactions between econazole, a broad-spectrum antimicrobic substance, and topically active glucocorticoids. | econazole is a broad-spectrum antimicrobic substance which acts by permeabilizing the cell membranes. glucocorticoids by their surface activity may counteract this effect by protecting the cell membranes. in fact, a protective action of glucocorticoids in high concentrations against econazole nitrate could be demonstrated in yeasts, not in staphylococci. the techniques applied were the warburg assays (resting yeasts, resting and proliferating bacteria). the elicitation of a blanching reaction on ... | 1976 | 791715 |
| staphylococcus epidermidis in the circulating blood of normal and thrombocytopenic human subjects: immunological data. | immunological studies, performed with human sera and rabbit antisera upon some strains of staph. epidermidis carried in the circulating blood of normal and thrombocytopenic subjects, indicate that the reactivity is very low and almost completely related to antigenic properties common to staph. aureus. | 1976 | 798697 |
| [degradation of bacteria by human granulocytes in vitro (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 799423 |
| antibacterial activity of human cervical mucus. | the antimicrobial property of human uterine cervical mucus was tested in three groups of women. healthy women, using no contraception, women using an intrauterine device and women receiving hormonal treatment for contraception. cervical mucus was taken on the 10th, 14th, 18th and 22nd day of the menstrual cycle. cervical mucus had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of micrococcus lysodeicticus in all three groups. the strength of the inhibitory effect on the other microorganisms were in t ... | 1975 | 809320 |
| platelet interaction with bacteria. iv. stimulation of the release reaction. | release of 14c-serotonin from human platelets prelabeled with 14c-5-hydroxytryptamine was measured during platelet aggregation induced by staphylococcus aureus. platelet-bacteria interaction (pbi) was as potent a stimulus of the platelet release reaction as collagen, thrombin, or epinephrine. inhibitors which blocked platelet aggregation also prevented the release reaction of pbi. sequential measurements of release, when correlated with nephelometry of aggregation, showed close correlation betwe ... | 1975 | 811123 |
| properties of the gamma haemolysin of staphylococcus aureus 'smith 5r'. | purified gamma haemolysin of staphylococcus aureus was characterized in relation to the alpha, beta and delta haemolysins. the sedimentation coefficient of the gamma lysin was 2-65, somewhat higher than the s20,w values of 1-4 for freshly purified alpha lysin and 1-8 for the beta lysin. the molecular weight of gamma lysin determined by gel filtration was 45000 daltons. the pi of gamma lysin was 6-0, while that of the alpha, beta and delta lysins ranged from 8-5 to 9-6. the amino acid analysis of ... | 1976 | 812946 |
| [contributions of studies on experimental pyelonephritis to the problems of human urinary tract infections]. | | 1976 | 822604 |
| [bactericidal action of modified cavity varnishes--their action against microorganisms found in the human oral cavity (in vitro study)]. | | 1976 | 829913 |
| mural endocarditis associated with recurrent false aneurysm of the left ventricle. | acute bacterial endocarditis developed in a 65-year-old man two years after surgical resection of a false aneurysm of the left ventricle. the patient had cerebral embolic manifestations, and coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus was cultured from each of six blood samples. a pericardial friction rub and a changing pansystolic murmur appeared during the third week of hospitalization. the presence of a false aneurysm was once again demonstrated on ventriculographic studies. this was successfull ... | 1977 | 832500 |
| influence of temperature on opsonization and phagocytosis of staphylococci. | the effect of incubation temperatures of 41, 37, and 4 degrees c on phagocytosis was investigated using human neutrophils and [3h]thymidine-labeled staphylococci. depressed phagocytosis was observed at 41 and 4 degrees c. at 41 degrees c diminished staphylococcal uptake resulted from decreased attachment of bacteria to leukocytes; the inhibitory effect at 4 degrees c was secondary both to decreased opsonization and to reduced attachment to leukocytes. in contrast to the findings with normal seru ... | 1977 | 832898 |
| variation in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus aureus from human skin and nares. | patients whose skins are colonized with staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillin and/or tetracycline may carry variants that are sensitive to these antibiotics. the skin of most individuals yields the fully resistant type as the predominant flora and the nose harbours the sensitive version. this probably represents plasmid loss in vivo. the plasmid-positive cells were not more resistant to desiccation or more deeply pigmented than plasmid-negative cells. the explanation for such distributio ... | 1977 | 833568 |
| kinetics of staphylococcal opsonization, attachment, ingestion and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: a quantitative assay using [3h]thymidine labeled bacteria. | a method has been developed for studying quantitatively the separate processes of bacterial opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes using [3h]thymidine labeled staphylococcus aureus. phagocytosis is determined by assaying for leukocytes-associated radioactivity after differential centrifugation and washing the leukocytes. opsonization is studied by incubating bacteria with an opsonic source for varying durations and then adding leukocytes. by treatment of sa ... | 1977 | 839081 |
| chemiluminescence by human alveolar macrophages: stimulation with heat-killed bacteria or phorobol myristate acetate. | chemiluminescence of human alveolar macrophages (am) was evaluated in vitro. unstimulated am generated chemiluminescence that remained constant during incubation. addition of heat-killed staphylococcus aureus 502a (hkb) or a chemical agent, phorbol myristate acetate, produced high rates of chemiluminescence that were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased over unstimulated am. phorbol myristate acetate-and hkb-stimulated increases in am chemiluminescence were completely blocked by the enzyme ... | 1977 | 885610 |
| influence of hydrocortisone on granulocyte function and glucose metabolism. | examination has been made of the influence of hydrocortisone on the in vitro phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils and the production of lactate and co2 during phagocytosis of latex particles. in high concentrations, 0.5-2 mg per ml, hydrocortisone caused a significant reduction in the phagocytosis and the production of lactate. neither the bactericidal activity nor the production of 14co2 from (u-14c) glucose in phagocytizing leukocytes was influen ... | 1977 | 899798 |
| neonatal lung defense mechanisms: a study of the alveolar macrophage system in neonatal rabbits. | abnormal function of the alveolar macrophage system may explain the enhanced susceptibility to pulmonary infection in human neonates. this hypothesis was investigated by infecting 1- to 14-day-old rabbits with aerosols of staphylococcus aureus and then measuring in situ rates of bacterial ingestion, inactivation, and destruction in the lapine lung. the inhaled staphylococci were killed within the lungs of 1-day-old rabbits at a significantly slower rate than that for 7- and 14-day-old rabbits (p ... | 1977 | 900631 |
| [studies of enterotoxin production by strains of staphylococcus aureus of different origins (author's transl)]. | 376 staphylococcus aureus strains of clinical and epidemiological origin were tested for their ability to produce the enterotoxins, a, b and c1. for these investigations, microagargel precipitation against specific antisera has been used. additionally these strains were studied by phagetyping, biochemical typing and for their antibiogram. the strains tested came from human pathological processes, mouth throat swabs of healthy people, persons working in hospitals, outbreaks of food poisoning from ... | 1976 | 936826 |
| the interaction of leukocytes and their hydrolases with bacteria in vitro and in vivo: the modification of the bactericidal and bacteriolytic reactions by cationic and anionic macromolecular substances and by anti-inflammatory agents. | acid hydrolases from extracts of human blood leucocytes lyse staph.aureus, staph.albus and strep.faecalis in vitro. the leucocyte enzymes can be substituted by a lytic mixture which contains crude trypsin, lysolecithin, phospholipase c and lysozyme, which lyse other bacterial species, e.g. e.coli and listeria which are resistant to leucocyte enzymes. bacteriolysis by the lytic agents is strongly inhibited by the anionic polyelectrolytes, heparin, chondroitin sulphate, dna, dextran sulphate and ... | 1976 | 941804 |
| staphylococci outside the hospital. staphylococcus aureus in sheep. | biochemical properties were studied in staph. aureus strains obtained from the anterior nares of healthy sheep and from the udders of ewes suffering from purulent mastitis. of the total number of 84 isolated staphylococcal strains 75 (89.3%) were classified as the c biotype. these undoubtedly sheep-adapted staphylococci produced pigment and beta hemolysin, they were growing on crystal violet agar as the negative type in violet colonies lacking both fibrinolysin and alpha hemolysin. all of them c ... | 1976 | 987676 |
| hypersensitivity to bacteria in eczema. iv. cytotoxic effect of antibacterial antibody on skin cells acquiring bacterial antigens. | the sera of persons with generalized eczema (whitfield-type) or with disseminated nummular eczema were examined for complement-activating antibacterial antibodies to test the hypothesis that some eczematous change results from an antibody-mediated cytotoxic reaction. bacteria dying in the stratum corneum release soluble antigens, some of which diffuse into the stratum malpighii and become firmly adsorbed to the epidermal cells. antibacterial antibody and complement diffusing into the epidermis r ... | 1976 | 990168 |
| [origin of the staphylococci in slaughtered poultry]. | studied were 382 coagulase-positive and 290 coagullase-negative staphylococcus strains isolated from birds during their post-slaughter handling, from the vats for water cooling as well as from the women working on the slaughter-house conveyor. studied were the phage behaviour, fibrinolysine production, the crystal-violet test and the type of hemolysines. it was established that the coagulase positive staphylococci were lysed slightly by the human and the bovine set of phages. the main sources of ... | 1976 | 1025836 |
| imported methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection: a case report. | the first isolate of a methicillin-resistant strain of staphylococcus aureus at the wellington hospital was made on 31 march 1976, from a man who had emigrated from the united kingdom in 1973. the infection was successfully treated with co-trimoxazole and fucidin. the epidemiological implications of this infection are discussed. | 1976 | 1072283 |
| lymphocyte stimulation by protein a of staphylococcus aureus. | protein a from staphylococcus aureus (spa) is known to bind to the fc region of most mammalian igg classes. in the present article data are presented showing that spa is a highly efficient mitogen for human peripheral b lymphocytes, with no detectable activity for t lymphocytes. in order to achieve optimal stimulating conditions spa should be presented to the lymphocytes on an insoluble matrix, such as the spa-positive bacteria themselves or spa covalently attached to sephadex or sepharose beads ... | 1976 | 1086776 |
| septic endocarditis and indwelling pulmonary artery catheters. | a pulmonary artery catheter removed from a man with idiopathic cardiomyopathy yielded staphylococcus aureus in culture, as did blood and sputum. septic endocarditis of the right side of the heart was found at autopsy. a review of 438 autopsy reports in which an indwelling pulmonary catheter had been used and of another 493 reports preceding its use at our medical center suggests no association between the use of indwelling catheters in the right side of the heart and endocarditis in the left, al ... | 1975 | 1173900 |
| immunologically active and structurally similar fragments of protein a from staphylococcus aureus. | to study the active site(s) in protein a, partial tryptic digestions of the protein and of intact staphylococcus aureus were performed. fragments which bind to the fc-part of human igg were isolated by affinity chromatography on igg-sepharose 4b and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose. from a partial tryptic digest of pure protein a at 30 degrees c, ph 8.2 for 30 min we have isolated and characterized six active fragments with molecular weights ranging from 6000 to 8000. ... | 1975 | 1175649 |
| [presence of coryneform organisms (c) in cow udders. iii. fermentation and hemagglutination properties as well as pathogenicity of c. uberis]. | altogether 111 strains of c. uberis isolated from cow udders of a dairy herd were studied. only 27 strains gave positive fermentation without gas formation from glucose, 6 strains from maltose, lactose and galactose, 9 strains from maltose, 4 strains from sucrose, and 5 strains from sucrose and lactose. no fermentation was found in 48 strains; 12 strains decomposed various carbohydrates except glucose. statistically significant differences in the slide haemagglutination test (oh), type a, were o ... | 1975 | 1181560 |
| acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: an experimental model. | the injection of barium sulphate (micropaque) contaminated with staphylococcus aureus into the nutrient artery of the canine tibia produced typical inflammatory bone changes. this alteration, similar to those observed in human hematogenous osteomyelitis, consisted of medullary destruction, spontaneous fractures, and intense periosteal new bone formation. this system seems to mimic the characteristics of some clinical bone infections and may provide a model for therapeutic trials. | 1976 | 1246695 |
| effect of fatty acids on staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin hemolytic activity. | the lysis of human erythrocytes by staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin proceeded without a lag and was directly proportional to toxin concentration and temperature of incubation. lysis was complete within 8 min. addition of saturated, straight-chain fatty acids of 13 to 19 carbons increased the activity of delta-toxin, whereas those with 21 to 23 carbons were inhibitory. palmitic acid was the fatty acid most active in augmenting delta-toxin, but its effect could be abolished by the simultaneous ad ... | 1976 | 1248865 |
| purification and characterization of a staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin. | a staphylococcal exotoxin that causes epidermolysis when injected into the skin of the newborn mouse and man was highly purified by coventional biochemical techniques. with staphylococcus aureus ev, the epidermolytic toxin was a major protein component of supernatant culture fluids. the initial step in purification was zone electrophoresis in pevikon carried out at ph 9.0, the isoelectric point of alpha-hemolytic toxin, which remained near the origin. fractions containing the epidermolytic toxin ... | 1976 | 1262065 |
| stevens-johnson syndrome from ophthalmic sulfonamide. | a 71-year-old man, who had a history of a previous bullous drug reaction to a sulfonamide, began receiving an ophthalmic preparation that contained sulfacetamide sodium. the patient received only the ophthalmic sulfonamide, and it was used for one day, but he developed stevens-johnson syndrome. this is believed to be the first reported case of stevens-johnson syndrome caused by an ophthalmic sulfonamide. the sulfonamides are the best verified drug-trigger for erythema multiforme and stevens-john ... | 1976 | 1267457 |
| [in vitro bactericidal activity of lysosomal proteins in human granulocytes. ii. activity of lysosomes in peripheral blood granulocytes from various donors]. | | 1976 | 1271896 |
| selective immunoglobulin m (igm) deficiency in two immunodeficient adults with recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma. | two adult men with recurrent pyoderma due to staphylococcus aureus and a selective deficiency of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody synthesis are described. an analysis of each patient's polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing of staph. aureus, serum opsonizaiton of staph. aureus, and serum and lymphocyte-mediated responses to antigenic stimulation was performed. family studies revealed a possible autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with heterogenetic expression of vario ... | 1976 | 1274982 |
| studies on the binding of staphylococcal 125i-labeled alpha-toxin to rabbit erythrocytes. | staphylococcal alpha-toxin, a hemolytic exotoxin, can be iodinated using the lactoperoxidase method. 125 i-labeled alpha-toxin binds to rabbit erythrocytes in an apparently irreversible and highly specific manner. the binding of 125 i-labeled alpha-toxin to erythrocytes of rabbit and human reflects the species specificity of native alpha-toxin. binding of 125i-labeled alpha-toxin is blocked by the presence of native alpha-toxin, 127i-labeled alpha-toxin, or anti-alpha-toxin antibody. simultaneou ... | 1976 | 1276142 |
| responsiveness of chronic lymphocytic leukemia b cells activated via surface igs or cd40 to b-cell tropic factors. | recent studies performed in the laboratory have established that interleukin-4 (il-4) used in combination with anti-cd40 monoclonal antibody (moab) 89 presented on ltk- mouse fibroblasts stably expressing human fc gamma rii/cdw32 (referred to as the cd40 system) sustains long-term proliferation of normal human b cells. in the present study, b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (b-clls) activated through slgs or cd40 were examined for their capacity to proliferate and differentiate in response to ... | 1992 | 1281692 |
| staphylococcal lipase affects phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by human granulocytes and monocytes. | the rate of immunological and non-immunological phagocytosis of staphylococci by lipase pre-treated human granulocytes and monocytes was compared. it was found that the effect of this enzyme on two types of cells is opposite. lipase decreases phagocytosis by granulocytes and increases by monocytes. the revealed differences between phagocytosing cells studied prompted us to investigate the influence of lipase on fc receptors on these cells (rosette ea test). the different susceptibility of fc rec ... | 1992 | 1283489 |
| intracellular bactericidal activity of fosfomycin against staphylococci: a comparison with other antibiotics. | the intracellular bactericidal activity of fosfomycin was compared to that of other anti-staphylococcal agents. two staphylococcal strains (one isolate of staphylococcus aureus and one isolate of staphylococcus epidermidis) were incubated in vitro with human granulocytes isolated from volunteers. after phagocytosis and removal of residual extracellular bacteria, the cells were resuspended in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of fosfomycin, teicoplanin, vancomycin and rifampin. t ... | 1992 | 1293056 |
| septic arthritis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we have evaluated the presence and characteristics of septic arthritis in intravenous (iv) drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. sixteen patients with both hiv infection and septic arthritis were studied and compared with 5 patients with septic arthritis but no hiv infection. clinical profile, laboratory findings at the time of onset, localization, causative organisms, mean hospitalization time and presence of complications were the same in hiv positive and hiv negative p ... | 1992 | 1294747 |
| association between staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization and septicemia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | in an attempt to identify risk factors for staphylococcus aureus septicemia, 136 consecutive hiv-infected patients were investigated for the presence of nasopharyngeal colonization with staphylococcus aureus and subsequent staphylococcus aureus infection. sixty of 136 (44.1%) hiv-infected patients had staphylococci which were detected in the nasopharynx on initial culture compared to 12 of 39 (30.8%) patients with chronic diseases and 11 of 47 (23.4%) healthy hospital staff. another 12 hiv-infec ... | 1992 | 1295767 |
| [prevalence of staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in dairies of the city of san luis]. | in order to detect subclinical mastitis by means of california mastitis test and recounting of somatic cells, 163 cows from the dairies of san luis city, argentina, were examined. seventy six individuals (46.6%) exhibited an inflammatory response ranging > or = 2+ grade and a cellular recounting value of > or = 5 x 10(5), data compatible with those of subclinical mastitis. staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 39 (51.3%) cultures as estimated by the sum of the two last values listed in table 1 ... | 1992 | 1298016 |
| human b cell differentiation induced by microbial superantigens: unselected peripheral blood lymphocytes secrete polyclonal immunoglobulin in response to mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen. | microbial superantigens (sa) activate a significant portion of the t cell repertoire based on their dual avidity for mhc class ii antigens and t cell receptor (tcr) epitopes common to products of one or several tcr beta chain variable gene families. while sa that induce massive t cell proliferation and cytokine secretion have been implicated in clinical syndromes characterized by shock and generalized immunosuppression, sa activation of a more restricted t cell response may also have significant ... | 1992 | 1299344 |
| the role of capsular antigens in staphylococcus aureus immunity. | most clinical blood isolates of staphylococcus aureus have been shown to be encapsulated. techniques are now available for the preparation of type-specific capsular antisera and to provide reliable serologic methods for the identification of clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus. epidemiologic studies in the u.s.a. and europe indicated the prevalence of capsular types 5 and 8 among clinical isolates from human, bovine, and poultry. encapsulated types 5 and 8 resisted in vitro phagocytosis a ... | 1992 | 1303685 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140), a new quinolone agent, against invasive isolates from pediatric patients. | sparfloxacin is a new oral fluoroquinolone agent with putative activity against common pediatric pathogens. using the broth microdilution method, we evaluated sparfloxacin activity in comparison with those of other antimicrobial agents against 383 pediatric isolates derived from cultures of blood and other normally sterile body fluids. mics were assessed in mueller-hinton broth, serum, and urine, as well as at inoculum sizes of 10(4) to 10(8) cfu/ml. the emergence and stability of resistance and ... | 1992 | 1318674 |
| glycosphingolipids: the putative receptor for staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-b in human kidney proximal tubular cells. | we have investigated the binding of 125i-staphylococcal enterotoxin-b (seb) in cultured human proximal tubular cells. we found that the binding of 125i-seb to pt cells was time and concentration dependent and competitively inhibited by antibody against seb. preincubation of cells with trypsin and neuraminidase or with fetuin did not significantly impair the binding of 125i-seb to such cells. in contrast, treatment with endoglycoceramidase completely inhibited the binding of 125i-seb to cells. ne ... | 1992 | 1322493 |
| the in-vitro activity of two new quinolones: rufloxacin and mf 961. | the in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobials, rufloxacin and mf 961, together with the desmethylated metabolite of rufloxacin (mf 922) were compared with other orally administered agents against 622 bacterial strains. against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa rufloxacin was generally active (mic90 1-8 mg/l) with the exception of klebsiella and serratia spp. (mic90 32 mg/l and enterobacter spp. (mic90) 64 mg/l. the respiratory pathogens haemophilus influenzae and moraxell ... | 1992 | 1324239 |
| in vitro activity of opc-17116. | the in vitro activity of opc-17116, a new c-5 methyl fluoroquinolone, was compared with the activities of other fluoroquinolones. opc-17116 inhibited 50% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested and 90% of haemophilus influenzae, neisseria species, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited, which was comparable to or better than the activities of fleroxacin, o ... | 1992 | 1329620 |
| activation of nadph oxidase and phospholipase d in permeabilized human neutrophils. correlation between oxidase activation and phosphatidic acid production. | a major function of human neutrophils (pmn) during inflammation is formation of oxygen radicals through activation of the respiratory burst enzyme, nadph oxidase. stimulus-induced production of both phosphatidic acid (pa) and diglyceride (dg) has been suggested to mediate oxidase activity; however, transductional mechanisms and cofactor requirements necessary for activation are poorly defined. we have utilized pmn permeabilized with staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin to elucidate the signal pathw ... | 1992 | 1334083 |
| in vitro pharmacodynamic effects of concentration, ph, and growth phase on serum bactericidal activities of daptomycin and vancomycin. | clinical trials with daptomycin were halted in december 1990 because of treatment failures including two resistant staphylococcus aureus strains. high protein binding of daptomycin (> 90%) and the lower-than-expected concentrations in serum with the dosage regimen of 3 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h may have contributed to these failures. to evaluate the effect that higher concentrations would have on bactericidal activity measured by time-kill curves, peak and trough concentrations were estima ... | 1992 | 1336344 |
| functional evaluation of human neutrophils. is the bactericidal activity correlated with nitroblue tetrazolium reduction? | the cytochemical nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) reduction test continues to be used in clinical laboratories to detect defects in the oxidative metabolism of phagocytes. however, the specificity of the test is controversial, and it is not clear whether nbt reduction really reflects the microbicidal activity of these cells. in the present study, we evaluated the killing of staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils from healthy adult individuals and from patients with phagocyte dysfunctions using a fluoro ... | 1992 | 1342894 |
| effects of interferon-alpha on human b cell responsiveness: biphasic effects in cultures stimulated with staphylococcus aureus. | although interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) has been found to be involved in the immune regulation in vivo, the effects of ifn-alpha on human b cells have not yet been clarified because of conflicting results in the literature. the present study therefore examined the effects of several subtypes of ifn-alpha (natural, alpha 1, alpha 2a, alpha 2b) on b cell responsiveness in detail by comparing different experimental conditions. highly purified b cells from normal human individuals were cultured with s ... | 1992 | 1346369 |
| gangliosides suppress tumor necrosis factor production in human monocytes. | both normal and malignant cells contain gangliosides as important cell membrane constituents that, after being shed, may influence cells of the immune system. we have studied the impact of gangliosides on the expression of tnf in blood monocytes and in the monocytic cell line mono mac 6. although under standard culture conditions, bovine brain gangliosides (100 micrograms/ml) suppressed lps-stimulated tnf production 5-fold in pbmc and 10-fold in mono mac 6 cells, suppression was more efficient u ... | 1992 | 1371788 |
| cleavage of human immunoglobulins by serine proteinase from staphylococcus aureus. | the serine proteinase (sp) released into the environment by most strains of s. aureus cleaves human igg, igm and iga of both subclasses--iga 1 and iga 2. sp cleaves h chains of all immunoglobulin classes and the sc of s-iga, the l chains are degraded partially. the sp-induced cleavage results in a large spectrum of fragments under reducing conditions within a broad range of mr (approx. 41,000 to less than 12,400). this indicates that the enzyme does not affect the ig molecule in the hinge region ... | 1992 | 1372285 |
| spontaneous igm autoantibody production in vitro by b lymphocytes of normal human neonates. | human neonate b lymphocytes display unique phenotypic and functional characteristics: in addition to cd1c antigens, cd5+ and cd5- subsets both express activation markers such as cd23 and bac-1. they proliferate strongly in the presence of various lymphokines (ril-2, ril-4, low molecular weight bcgf), but differentiate poorly in the presence of the same lymphokines, pokeweed mitogen and epstein-barr virus. it has also been reported that human neonate b lymphocytes produce polyreactive autoantibod ... | 1992 | 1376488 |
| evidence for reactive nitrogen intermediates in killing of staphylococci by human neutrophil cytoplasts. a new microbicidal pathway for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | in anucleate, granule-poor, motile fragments from human blood neutrophils (cytokineplasts; ckp), the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor n omega-monomethyl-l-arginine (nmma) produced a modest decrease in uptake of staphylococci from supernatants (p less than 0.02, n = 7), and a marked decrease in the killing of cytoplast-associated bacteria (p less than 0.001, n = 7). after 60 min of incubation with bacteria, nmma-treated cytoplasts had a mean of over 3.5 times as many live, ckp-associated staphyloc ... | 1992 | 1379614 |
| the lfa-3 adhesion pathway is differently utilized by superantigen-activated human cd4+ t-cell subsets. | the superantigen sea binds to mhc class ii molecules and activates a large fraction of t cells as a result of interaction with particular tcr-v beta sequences. mhc class ii transfected cho cells induce a marginal cd4+ t-cell proliferation in the presence of sea. cho cells transfected with both mhc class ii and lfa-3 (hla-dr4/lfa-3 double transfectants) supported a vigorous t-cell proliferation and required 1000-fold lower sea concentration than dr4-transfected cells. dr4/lfa-3 double transfectan ... | 1992 | 1380180 |
| bacterial toxin superantigens activate human t lymphocytes reactive with myelin autoantigens. | some bacteria that are common human pathogens produce protein toxins that are potent activators of human t lymphocytes expressing certain types of t-cell receptors. in this study we examined the ability of staphylococcal toxins to stimulate human t lymphocytes that also recognized the myelin autoantigens myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein. t-cell populations responding to myelin basic protein or proteolipid protein were isolated from 4 subjects including 1 individual with multiple scle ... | 1992 | 1384422 |
| proliferation and differentiation of human cd5+ and cd5- b cell subsets activated through their antigen receptors or cd40 antigens. | the pan-t cell antigen cd5 has been shown to delineate two different mouse b cell subsets, originating from distinct progenitors. in man, on average, 30% of the tonsillar b cell pool expresses this antigen. in the present report, a detailed comparison of the cd5+ and cd5- b cell response to cytokines, following activation via surface immunoglobulins (sig) or cd40 antigen, was undertaken. cd5+ b cells were positively selected by panning or by sorting from tonsils. two-color immunofluorescence ana ... | 1992 | 1385152 |
| surface-immobilized polyethylene oxide for bacterial repellence. | polyethylene terephthalate films were surface-modified with polyethylene oxide (18,500 g/mol) using a solution technique described previously. these films were investigated for their resistance to bacterial adhesion. three bacterial strains most commonly associated with implant infections, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, were cultured in tryptic soya broth, human plasma and human serum on the polymeric substrates. significant reductions (between 70 a ... | 1992 | 1385983 |
| production of experimental staphylococcal impetigo in mice. | we produced a staphylococcal impetigo model by epicutaneous inoculation in mature mice. a strain isolated from a human impetigo was used. five-week-old female mice (ddy-strain) were used with and without pre-treatment by cyclophosphamide (cy) (2 mg/mouse) for 5 days. the back skin of mice was shaved by a razor blade and slightly abraded by sand paper. bacterial suspension (1.4 x 10(7) cfu/0.05 ml) was applied on the abraded areas which were then occluded under sterile plastic plaster. although i ... | 1992 | 1390457 |
| human immunoglobulin production in immunodeficient mice: enhancement by immunosuppression of host and in vitro activation of human mononuclear cells. | the affect of host and donor related factors on successful engraftment of human cells into mice was examined to minimize the variability that has been observed in successful development of human-mouse chimera for the study of human disease and immune physiology and regulation. human immunoglobulin production in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was augmented by immunosuppressing recipient mice and activating donor pbmc. im ... | 1992 | 1395094 |
| role of the adhesion molecule lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 in toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta secretion by human monocytes. | we previously demonstrated that the induction by staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1) of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) secretion by human monocytes requires direct t cell-monocyte contact. in the present study, a role for the adhesion molecule lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (lfa-1) in tsst-1-induced cytokine secretion by human monocytes among 12 normal healthy donors was investigated. monoclonal antibodies to the alpha chain ... | 1992 | 1399006 |
| [a report of two cases of cervical necrotizing soft-tissue infection]. | two recent cases of cervical necrotizing soft-tissue infection are herein presented. case 1. a 52-year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes was hospitalized because of an erythematous swelling of the left side of his neck and high grade fever. fetid yellowish pus exuded from the left parotid area. the swelling extended from the left temporal area to the left supraclavicular fossa, with necrosis of the parotid gland, sternocleidomastoid, masseter and a portion of the strap muscles. wound cultures r ... | 1992 | 1403320 |
| oligomer formation of staphylococcal alpha-toxin analyzed by electron microscopy and image processing. | the 12s oligomeric form of staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin has been studied with electron microscopy after incubation of the toxin with membrane preparations or liposomes. the target material originated from human platelets. different electron microscopic preparation techniques were used including negative staining, freeze-fracture and vitrification in liquid ethane. analysis of micrographs with image processing methods revealed two groups of ring-like structures corresponding to alpha-toxin o ... | 1992 | 1419115 |
| effects of macrolides on ultrastructure of staphylococcus aureus during postantibiotic phase. | the postantibiotic effects (paes) of macrolide antibiotics, such as midecamycin acetate (miocamycin, mom), erythromycin (em), josamycin (jm) and clarithromycin (cam), on staphylococcus aureus and the ultrastructure of the pathogen during the postantibiotic phase were investigated. after exposure to 2 x mic for 2 h, mom showed the longest pae of 3.9 h, while em, jm and cam showed pae durations 1.2, 2.5 and 1.9 h, respectively. on examining the serum levels of these agents in man, the longest pae ... | 1992 | 1425207 |
| identification of functionally active fragments of staphylococcal enterotoxin b. | it has been found that staphylococcal enterotoxin b contains a proteolysis-sensitive sequence in the cysteine loop formed by two half-cystines located in the middle of the toxin polypeptide chain. fragments of the enterotoxin formed as a result of its digestion in this region have been isolated, their n-terminal sequences have been determined and sites of proteolysis have been identified. it has been demonstrated that the n-terminal fragment of staphylococcal enterotoxin b is capable of activati ... | 1992 | 1425690 |
| septic arthritis in hiv positive haemophiliacs. four cases and a literature review. | septic arthritis is rare in haemophiliacs. four new cases who were also hiv positive are reported. in three, the knee was involved, and in the fourth the elbow. the organism was streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus in one patient each, and salmonella in two. although all the patients were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive at the time of diagnosis, only two patients developed autoimmune deficiency syndrome (aids) after their septic arthritis. these two died later due to ai ... | 1992 | 1428349 |
| [effect of gentiana violet against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa)]. | the bactericidal effect of gentiana violet against mrsa isolated from clinical specimens was studied both in vitro and in vivo. the results obtained are as follows: 1) minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of gentiana violet to mrsa was between 0.0025% and 0.08% and the mbc was not influenced even if 25% human whole serum exists in the medium. 2) the number of cells were 2.1 x 10(7) cfu/ml in medium which decreased to 5.4 x 10(4) cfu/ml within 5 min by existing 0.1% gentiana violet in the med ... | 1992 | 1431367 |
| metabolism of the malignant cell, the role of bacterial spores, and a pictorial presentation to substantiate the latter's presence as an etiological factor in carcinogenesis. | the respiration and metabolism of the malignant cell, while in vivo, is anaerobic. this is contrary to a normal animal (human) cell, whose respiration and metabolism is aerobic. there is a factor within the malignant cell which produces a reducing or 'deoxygenating' phenomenon, creating the metabolic anaerobiosis. an animal cell cannot survive without the ultimate oxygen molecule. yet the malignant cell continues to grow and enlarge despite this oxygen absence. even more surprising is the fact t ... | 1992 | 1435401 |
| staphylococcus aureus leukocidin: a new virulence factor in cutaneous infections? an epidemiological and experimental study. | panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl) is a staphylococcus aureus (sa) exotoxin, which kills human granulocytes and monocytes in vitro. among 43 sa strains from cutaneous infections, 12 were pvl producers, whereas among 49 blood culture strains, only 1 produced pvl. most pvl-producing strains (11/22) came from 22 primitive cutaneous infections, especially furuncles and abscesses, while only 1 pvl-producing strain came from 21 secondary infections of dermatoses such as bullous or pruritic diseases. in ... | 1992 | 1446082 |
| phagocytosis and microbicidal capacity of human monocytes in the course of hiv infection. | phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of human monocytes were studied in asymptomatic hiv carriers and in patients with clinically apparent hiv infection, diagnosed as persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (pgl) or aids-related complex (arc). monocytes of asymptomatic hiv carriers manifested no significant changes while a decreased phagocytosis was shown by monocytes in the majority of patients with pgl or arc. the latter patients also exhibited a decreased bactericidal activity of the cells. ... | 1992 | 1446919 |
| influence of enoxacin sub-mics on the adherence of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli to human buccal and urinary epithelial cells. | bacterial adhesion is the first step in the sequence of events leading to infection. it has been observed that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics can interfere with the mechanism of bacterial adhesion. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the capacity of sub-mics of enoxacin, a new 4-quinolone with 6-fluoro and 7-piperazino substituents, to interfere with the adhesiveness of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli to human buccal cells and of e. coli to urinary epithel ... | 1992 | 1473365 |
| lung abscess in children in harare, zimbabwe. | despite the rarity of lung abscess in children, 24 patients were treated at harare central hospital during the 10 year period (1979 to 1988). the bacteriology and clinical findings of the 24 patients are presented. bacteria were isolated from 18 patients. the most frequent isolates were staphylococcus aureus, group a beta haemolytic streptococci, and pseudomonas aeroginosa. most of the abscesses followed measles, empyema or an episode of aspiration. the patients were managed with bronchoscopy, p ... | 1992 | 1473506 |
| information analysis of immune and endocrine organs. morphological changes in the course of infection. | morphological and morphometric studies were conducted into lymphoid and endocrine organs of 259 human adults and infants with pyoinflammatory diseases (pid) and of 300 experimental mice. informative and correlation analyses of the data thus recorded provided evidence to the effect that in the course of an infection process adaptation and compensation responses were characterized by intensified exchange of information within the immune-endocrine system (ies). septic courses of pid were found to b ... | 1992 | 1477084 |
| [sulbactam-ampicillin in surgery. our experience]. | the bacterial infections constitute a serious problem for the surgeon: the choice of antibiotic drugs is really important and, as often as possible, should be guided by antibiotic sensitivity tests. in this study we used sulbactam-ampicillin (unasyn) who is an antibiotic combination between sulbactam, inhibitor of beta lactam and ampicillin. the preliminary results were as follows: unasyn was administered to 21 hospitalized selected patients, 16 women and 5 man, who had clinical signs of intraab ... | 1992 | 1480290 |
| identification of the disulfide bonds in human plasma protein sp-40,40 (apolipoprotein-j). | sp-40,40, a human plasma protein, is a modulator of the membrane attack complex formation of the complement system as well as a subcomponent of high-density lipoproteins. in the present study, the positions of the disulfide bonds in sp-40,40 were determined. sp-40,40 was purified from human seminal plasma by affinity chromatography using an anti-sp-40,40 monoclonal antibody and reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the protein was digested with trypsin and the fragments ... | 1992 | 1491011 |
| [alteration of bacteria induced by subinhibitory concentrations of cefixime: consequences on bactericidal activity of human polynuclear neutrophils]. | subinhibitory concentrations of most parenteral cephalosporins have been reported to alter bacterial infectivity and, in particular, to increase the susceptibility of altered bacteria to the killing effects of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn). few data on this issue are available for oral cephalosporins. this study investigated the effects of sub-mic concentrations of the new oral cephalosporin cefixime on two bacterial targets, i.e., s. aureus 209p (mic 20 mg/l) and e. coli k12 (mic 0.15 mg/ ... | 1992 | 1495824 |
| in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent. | the in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin (a-61827) was compared with that of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin and selected members of other groups of antimicrobial agents, against 684 recent distinct clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. against members of the enterobacteriaceae, ciprofloxacin was slightly more active than tosufloxacin, which was more active than temafloxacin. the mic90 of tosufloxacin for all species of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acineto ... | 1992 | 1506348 |
| lethal and mutational effects of solar and uv radiation on staphylococcus aureus. | strains of staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic pathogen commonly found on human skin, were exposed to sunlight and uv c radiation, and the lethal and mutational effects measured. sunlight killed cells with an inactivation constant of 3 x 10(-5) per joule per square metre; uv c was much more lethal, giving an inactivation constant of approximately 0.1 per joule per square metre. some strains tested showed a sensitivity to sunlight that was dependent on the growth phase of the cells, exponenti ... | 1992 | 1510557 |
| bronchitis mimicking opportunistic lung infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/aids. | purulent bronchitis was identified in 19 of 422 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy during a 32-month period because of suspicion of an opportunistic lung infection complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection. five patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but other opportunistic lung infections were excluded in the remaining 14 patients. characteristics of these 14 patients included fever (greater than 38.3 degrees c), cough, and dyspnea ... | 1992 | 1518586 |
| phage susceptibility, enterotoxigenicity and antibiograms of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human wounds and diarrhoea. | the phage types, enterotoxigenicity and antibiograms of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human diarrhoea and skin wounds in nigeria were determined. of 194 strains tested, 140 (72.2%) were typable using a combination of phages in the international phage set (ips) for human strains of s. aureus and the bovine phage set. ips phages lysed 118 (60.8%) strains while 96 (49.5%) were susceptible to bovine phages. s. aureus strains from adult diarrhoea were significantly (p less than or equal ... | 1992 | 1520984 |
| superantigens in human disease. | | 1992 | 1533055 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin-mediated human t-t cell interactions. | staphylococcal enterotoxins (se) are known to stimulate a large proportion of t cells. se bind to mhc-class ii molecules on apc and a particular segment of certain tcr v beta and v gamma gene products. resting human t cells do not express hla class ii ag and therefore cannot present se to t cells. activated human t cells, however, do express hla-dr, -dp, and -dq ag and could consequently serve as apc for se. as such, local immune responses to se might be regulated and/or abrogated by se-mediated ... | 1992 | 1535087 |
| functional properties of human germinal center b cells. | germinal centers (gcs) are histologically defined areas where b cells undergo extensive proliferation and maturation, or die of apoptosis. gc b cells isolated from human tonsils can be phenotypically identified by expression of peanut agglutinin (pna)-binding sites and can be further divided into subpopulations based on their expression of cd77. to assess the functional potential of gc b cells, we studied cd77+ pna+ b cells isolated from tonsils by examining their differentiation status and thei ... | 1992 | 1544165 |
| the complete primary structure of bovine stefin b. | a new stefin b-type low-mr cpi was isolated from bovine thymus and subjected to structural analysis. the inhibitor consisted of 98 amino acids and its mr was calculated to be 11,178. the nh2-terminal amino acid residue was blocked. the sequence was determined by automated sequencing of peptides derived by cleavage with cyanogen bromide and fragments of the inhibitor resulting from enzymatic digestion with beta-trypsin and staphylococcus aureus v-8 proteinase. the nh2-terminal blocking group was ... | 1992 | 1544453 |
| recombinant epidermolytic (exfoliative) toxin a of staphylococcus aureus is not a superantigen. | the epidermolytic (exfoliative) toxins produced by staphylococcus aureus cause epidermolysis and skin blistering. in addition, they have been implicated to belong to the group of t lymphocyte stimulating molecules known as "superantigens". here we show that recombinant epidermolytic toxin a produced in s. aureus is not mitogenic for human and murine t lymphocytes. we discuss the possibility that minute contaminations of highly mitogenic exoproteins may cause the mitogenicity in several proteins ... | 1992 | 1549069 |
| the difference in p53 antioncogene transcription in human monocytes and lymphocytes. | the p53 gene is associated with malignant transformation as well as 'antioncogene' activity. in this report expression of p53 in resting and activated human blood monocytes and lymphocytes was studied. it is shown that human monocytes freshly isolated by continuous percoll-gradient centrifugation contain detectable levels of p53 mrna. stimulation of monocytes by the potent activation inducer staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) for 3-5 h caused the disappearance of p53 mrna. in contrast, inductio ... | 1992 | 1549368 |
| purification of uridine diphosphate-galactose:glucosyl ceramide, beta 1-4 galactosyltransferase from human kidney. | a galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from udp-galactose to glucosylceramide was purified 440-fold to apparent homogeneity from normal human kidney "buffy coat" preparation employing detergent extraction, ultrafiltration, and sepharose q column chromatography. on reducing and nonreducing gels, the enzyme resolved into two bands with apparent molecular weights on the order of 60,000 and 58,000, respectively. the activity of the enzyme was also associated with these two bands following ... | 1992 | 1551920 |
| penetration of norfloxacin into the aqueous humor of the human eye. | forty six patients received a topical application of a 0.3% norfloxacin (zoroxin; msd, austria) solution into the lower fornix at different time intervals and frequencies before undergoing planned extracapsular cataract extraction. aqueous humor was sampled at the beginning of surgery and assayed for the level of the antibiotic with high performance liquid chromatography. the highest aqueous humor level observed 30 min after the administration of the last drop in four patients who received five ... | 1992 | 1559771 |
| amino acid sequence of calmodulin from euglena gracilis. | the complete amino acid sequence of calmodulin from euglena gracilis was determined by isolation and sequence analyses of peptides derived from calmodulin by digestion with trypsin and staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. euglena calmodulin consists of 148 amino acid residues; it lacks tryptophan and cysteine and contains one tyrosine, three histidine and two ne-trimethyllysine residues/molecule of the protein. its n-terminus was blocked with an acetyl group and c-terminal lysine was trimethylated ... | 1992 | 1572365 |
| lobenzarit disodium (cca) inhibits in vitro immunoglobulin production via direct interaction with b lymphocytes. | the regulatory effects of lobenzarit disodium (cca), a therapeutic agent for treating rheumatoid arthritis (ra), on polyclonal immunoglobulin production by human lymphocytes were investigated in vitro. cca inhibited the production of immunoglobulin in all the classes examined at a clinically relevant concentration. moreover, it inhibited the immunoglobulin production as well as lymphocyte proliferation even when purified b lymphocytes preactivated by staphylococcus aureus cowan i were cultured w ... | 1992 | 1576670 |
| inhibition of in vitro immunoglobulin production by rapamycin. | like fk506, rapamycin, a structural analog of fk506, is a strong immunosuppressant. the immunosuppressive effect of rapa in in vitro igg, igm, and iga production by human lymphocytes was examined in this study. to inhibit spontaneous or pokeweed mitogen-stimulated production of ig by human peripheral blood lymphocytes, about one thousandfold lower concentrations of rapa (ic50 = 0.3 nm-2 nm) were required than of cyclosporine (ic50 = 0.3 microm-2 microm). t cells were the direct targets of rapa, ... | 1992 | 1585470 |
| major histocompatibility complex independent clonal t cell anergy by direct interaction of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b with the t cell antigen receptor. | the staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigens stimulate vigorous responses in t cells bearing certain t cell antigen receptor (tcr) v beta regions. in addition to activation, these superantigens also impart negative signals to t cells resulting in a profound state of unresponsiveness or anergy. the staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (se) b and c2 bind to a closely related site on major histocompatibility complex (mhc) human leukocyte antigen (hla)-dr1 molecules. only seb, however, interacts with ... | 1992 | 1588277 |
| identification of the bactericidal domain of lactoferrin. | we report the existence of a previously unknown antimicrobial domain near the n-terminus of lactoferrin in a region distinct from its iron-binding sites. a single active peptide representing this domain was isolated following gastric pepsin cleavage of human lactoferrin, and bovine lactoferrin, and sequenced by automated edman degradation. the antimicrobial sequence was found to consist mainly of a loop of 18 amino acid residues formed by a disulfide bond between cysteine residues 20 and 37 of h ... | 1992 | 1599934 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin-activated spleen cells passively transfer diabetes in bb/wor rat. | bb/wor rats develop spontaneous autoimmune diabetes similar to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. a t-cell-mediated pathogenesis for bb/wor diabetes is indicated because disease is prevented by neonatal or adult thymectomy and treatment of diabetes-prone rats with monoclonal antibodies directed against cd5 or cd8 t-cell surface markers. disease can be adoptively transferred with injections of concanavalin a-activated spleen cells from either acutely diabetic or rt6.1 t-cell-depleted diab ... | 1992 | 1607077 |
| effect of pine seed shell extract on microbial and viral infection. | pretreatment of mice with ammonia extract of seed shell of pinus koraicenis, via the intraperitoneal or intravenous route, effectively protected them from lethal infection of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. the pine seed shell extract also moderately inhibited syncytium formation and cytopathogenic effect induced by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in cultured human lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-1) positive mt-4 cells. these data suggest a medicin ... | 1992 | 1627738 |
| comparison of in vitro adherence of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus to human nasal epithelial cells. | reported nasal carriage rates of personnel caring for patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) range from 1% to 6% in contrast to nasal carriage rates of 45%-65% for methicillin-sensitive s. aureus (mssa) in health care personnel under nonepidemic conditions. one proposed explanation for these conflicting observations was examined, namely that mssa and mrsa differ in their ability to adhere to nasal epithelial cells. the adherence of 6 genotypically distinct strains of ms ... | 1992 | 1634812 |