Publications

an experimental study of opsonic immunity to staphylococcus aureus.	1. the administration of staphylococcus aureus, killed by heat (vaccine), produces a high degree of opsonic immunity in rabbits. 2. such increase of opsonin affords protection against living virulent staphylococcus in direct proportion to the amount of opsonins present in the serum and complete recovery may follow subsequent inoculation, if the opsonic power be high. 3. frequent administration of vaccines may produce a diminution of the opsonic power of the serum. 4. immune opsonins are most act ...	1910	19867314
the comparative resistance of bacteria and human tissue cells to certain common antiseptics.	the comparative resistance of bacteria and human tissue cells to antiseptics and other chemicals may be easily tested by tissue cultures under conditions which approximate those found in the living body. a comparative study shows that while human cells (connective tissue and wandering cells) are highly resistant to many antiseptics, they are in general more easily killed than bacteria (staphylococcus aureus). of the antiseptics tested, which include mercuric chloride, iodine, potassium mercuric ...	1916	19868066
studies on the pneumococcus : ii. dissolution of pneumococci at varying hydrogen ion concentrations. effect of temperature, previous killing of the organisms, and fresh human serum on the phenomenon. behavior of other organisms.	suspensions of living pneumococci in approximately isotonic standard solutions and in approximately isotonic bouillon with ph varying from about 4.0 to 8.0 after incubation show dissolution of organisms in those solutions having a ph higher than about 5.0. dissolution is most marked at a critical range of about ph 5.0 to 7.0. some dissolution also takes place toward the more alkaline end of the scale. no dissolution occurs at the most acid end of the scale. dissolution in the standard solutions ...	1922	19868639
[studies on the naturally acquired immunity against staphylococcus beta toxin in man and different species of animals].		1953	13094182
[the presence of micrococcus pyogenes in human feces].		1953	13124827
staphylococcus pyogenes: the antibiotic sensitivity of strains isolated from human carriers.		1954	13221813
[bacteriophage typing and antibiotic sensitivity of m. pyogenes strains isolated from various human organs].		1956	13369903
[absorption, diffusion and elimination of novobiocin in man; in vitro activity in 50 strains of staphylococcus].		1957	13418472
the responsibility of spermine for the antibacterial action of human semen.		1957	13429207
[staphylococcal immune-adhesion reaction in man].		1957	13442210
the virulence of staphylococcus pyogenes for man; a study of the problems of wound infection.		1957	13499821
[notes on behavior of anti-influenza antibodies, o antistreptolysin and alpha-antistaphylolysin titers in asiatic influenza patients].		1958	13510075
importance of staphylococcus aureus in pneumonia in the 1957 epidemic of influenza a.		1958	13564806
[micrococcus phogenes var. aureus in human faces].		1958	13615796
the occurrence of staphylococcus aureus in mother's milk.		1959	14436208
further studies on staphylococci in meats. iv. the bacteriophage pattern and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates from nonfrozen meats.	of 272 isolates of staphylococcus aureus recovered from 173 samples of 10 market meats from 27 stores, 173 (63.2%) were phage typable, employing 28 phages. sixty per cent of the phage-typable strains belonged to group iii, followed by 14.5% to mixed groups i and iii, 10.4% to group i, 8.7% to all mixed groups, 4.6% to group ii, and 1.7% to group iv. the most commonly recovered patterns were 83, 53/83, and other similar combinations of 53. the nonpigmented strains which did not have bound coagula ...	1962	14451458
some physiological charcteristics of two sets of phage-propagating strains of staphylococcus aureus.	a number of physiological characteristics were studied on some 29 strains of phage-propagating staphylococci belonging to the basic international series and the seto-wilson bovine-adapted set. all the cultures except strain 73 were coagulase-positive, with reciprocal titers ranging from 2 to 8,192. strain 73 was again an exception with respect to phosphatase activity. group 1 yielded high values for both phosphatase and oxygen uptake but low values for extracellular protein. resistance to penici ...	1963	13978076
characteristics of a strain of staphylococcus aureus grown in vivo and in vitro.	beining, paul r. (the catholic university of america, washington, d.c.) and e. r. kennedy. characteristics of a strain of staphylococcus aureus grown in vivo and in vitro. j. bacteriol. 85:732-741. 1963.-a comparative survey was conducted on the characteristics of a strain of staphylococcus aureus after it had been grown in vitro (vsb) and after it had been collected from the peritoneal exudate of an infected guinea pig (gsb). both vsb and gsb strains gave the same results when studied in an ext ...	1963	14044937
dissociation of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by human blood leukocytes.		1963	14053299
synergistic activity between pr8 influenza virus and staphylococcus aureus in the guinea pig.		1963	14071350
in vitro phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus with special reference to a possible antiphagocytic function of coagulase.	borchardt, kenneth a. (tulane university school of medicine, new orleans, la.), and william a. pierce, jr. in vitro phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus with special reference to a possible antiphagocytic function of coagulase. j. bacteriol. 87:311-315. 1964.-rabbit antisera were prepared to staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteriophage types 81 and 42d with vaccines consisting of washed, heat-killed cells grown in media which either did or did not support coagulase formation. partially purifi ...	1964	14151049
phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by human and rabbit blood leukocytes.		1964	14214395
fate of staphylococcus aureus in bruised tissue.	this investigation was initiated to determine the fate and behavior of a virulent marker strain of staphylococcus aureus (ms) injected intramuscularly into both control and traumatized tissues. control tissues appeared to possess a clearing mechanism highly active against this organism, whereas bruised tissues stimulated and supported its growth. this stimulation may be due to the presence of extrastromal hemoglobin in the bruised areas. by use of the disc-sensitivity procedure, extrastromal hem ...	1965	14264842
the use of an antibiotic nasal spray in human nasal carriers of bacteriophage typable, coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus.		1965	5829271
[results of the determination of resistance to corrosive sublimate in staphylococcus aureus strains of human and animal origin].		1966	5979659
heterogenetic antigens of gram-positive bacteria.	chorpenning, frank w. (the ohio state university, columbus), and matthew c. dodd. heterogenetic antigens of gram-positive bacteria. j. bacteriol. 91:1440-1445. 1966.-soluble antigens obtained by various methods from gram-positive bacteria were used to modify erythrocytes whose hemagglutinating reactions with immune rabbit sera and normal human sera were then studied. antigens from all gram-positive organisms studied except corynbacteria altered red cells, causing them to react with specific bact ...	1966	4956340
cytotoxic potential of stimulated human lymphocytes.	viable and immunologically competent lymphocytes from unsensitized donors damage allogeneic tissue culture cells in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (pha). this cytotoxicity is specific since syngeneic tissue culture cells are not at all or only slightly damaged under similar experimental conditions. in this investigation, the relation between the stimulation of human lymphocytes and their cytotoxicity was studied. chang cells (human liver) served as target cells in all experiments. cell damag ...	1967	6020009
opsonizing factors in human serum. ii. the opsonin and inhibitor of phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus.		1967	6057642
effect of streptococcus pyogenes on tissue cells.	human tissue cell lines from each of the three primary germinal sources, ectoderm (conjunctiva and carcinoma of the buccal mucosa), entoderm (intestine and liver), and mesoderm (heart and monocytes) were inoculated with group a streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and group d streptococci and were then observed. in addition, the effect of these bacteria on mouse fibroblasts was studied. all of the cell lines appeared to be equally susceptible to damage, but damage to the cells by s. py ...	1967	5337771
[on the ecology of staphylococcus aureus on the human skin surface. i. on the phenomenon of the so-called self disinfective power of the skin surface].		1967	5599882
[on the ecology of staphylococcus aureus on human skin surface. 3. staphylococcus aureus artificially transferred onto normal skin surface of the forearm and other body regions].		1968	5678275
serological activity of protein a of staphylococcus aureus: the precipitinogen as an antigen for determining antibodies by the passive hemagglutination test.	tanned sheep erythrocytes have been considered incapable of sensitization with the precipitinogen of protein a of staphylococcus aureus, so that the activity of this antigen in serological reactions has so far been studied by means of the agar diffusion test (adt) only. the precipitinogen of the protein a in this study was found to become attached to the tanned erythrocytes and to sensitize them for the passive hemagglutination test (pht). it was determined that, in contrast to nonspecific react ...	1968	4969604
in vitro antimicrobial activity and human pharmacology of cephaloglycin.	serum and urine concentrations of cephaloglycin (an orally absorbed derivative of cephalosporin c) were determined in normal volunteers and in patients. the in vitro activity of cephaloglycin was also studied. all strains of group a streptococci (streptococcus pyogenes) and diplococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by 0.4 mug of cephaloglycin per ml. eighty per cent of the staphylococcus aureus strains and about 50% of the escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis strains were inhibited by 1.6 mug of c ...	1968	4385749
ammonium sulfate coprecipitation antibody determination with purified staphylococcal enterotoxins.	the ammonium sulfate coprecipitation technique of farr was applied in a study of the purified enterotoxins of staphylococcus aureus. ammonium sulfate coprecipitation of iodine-131-labeled enterotoxins a, b, and c, with the use of a 1.6 m concentration of (nh(4))(2)so(4), revealed differences in the antigen-binding capacity of normal and immune rabbit sera for the enterotoxins. the coprecipitation technique provided a quantitative test for detecting antibody to enterotoxin that was more sensitive ...	1969	4979439
modified microbiological assay for rapid estimation of antibiotic concentrations in human sera.	antibiotic concentrations in human sera were estimated in 5 to 6 hr by a modified microbiological assay. by using staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes as the assay organisms, the seeded assay plates were preincubated for 2 to 6 hr and then were stored at 4 c until used for assay. paper discs saturated with the specimen were placed on the preincubated assay plates with reference discs saturated with known concentrations of antibiotic. after 5 to 6 hr of incubation, zones of antibacter ...	1969	4896101
isolation and partial characterization of a staphylococcal leukocyte cytotaxin.	a factor which attracts rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes both in vitro and in vivo was isolated from the culture filtrate of a strain of staphylococcus aureus. the activity of the chemotactic factor was independent of fresh serum and it was nondialyzable. incubation of the factor with heat-inactivated human serum markedly inhibited its chemotactic property. the factor was heat-labile (80 c, 10 min) in the crude culture filtrate but was heat-stable when partially purified.	1969	5776515
flucloxacillin, a new isoxazolyl penicillin, compared with oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin.	flucloxacillin, a new isoxazole penicillin, is active against penicillinase-producing strains of staphylococcus aureus and is well absorbed in man after oral and intramuscular administration. compared with isoxazole penicillins in current clinical use-namely, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin-flucloxacillin has proved as active against gram-positive cocci, including penicillin-resistant staphylococci. the extent of binding of flucloxacillin to the protein of human serum was similar to th ...	1970	5481218
biological and immunological properties of encapsulated strains of staphylococcus aureus from human sources.	of 875 strains of staphylococcus aureus isolated from human source clinical specimens, 37 (4.2%) were encapsulated strains. these were all negative for clumping factor and could not be typed with bacteriophages or by serology. twenty-one of these did not produce any hemolysins, 15 produced alpha hemolysin, 1 produced beta hemolysin, and 1 produced both beta and delta hemolysins. after one or two subcultures, 27 of the encapsulated strains converted to the compact variant form, all became positiv ...	1970	16557873
use of the clumping factor reaction for the identification of encapsulated strains of staphylococcus aureus from human sources.	using the clumping factor test on 815 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 775 positive strains were of compact morphology. of 40 negative strains, 39 were diffuse in serum-soft agar. the test may be used to detect capsulated s. aureus strains.	1971	16558041
experimental infection of the skin in the hamster simulating human impetigo. iii. interaction between staphylococci and group a streptococci.	the interaction between staphylococci and group a beta hemolytic streptococci in mixed lesions was investigated in an experimental impetigo model. a strain of staphylococcus of phage type 71, which has been shown in vitro to produce a bacteriocin for streptococci and other gram-positive organisms, eliminates or reduces group a streptococci in mixed lesions. in contrast, staphylococcal strains of phage types 75 and 81, which do not produce a demonstrable bacteriocin in vitro, exhibit no such effe ...	1971	15776563
human plasma and the antibacterial effect of peritoneal dialysis solutions.	the influence of human plasma on the antibacterial effect of solutions for peritoneal dialysis was studied. the solutions contained 43 meq per litre of either acetate or lactate as the source of base. enough pooled human plasma was added to half of each solution to give a total concentration of a gramme of protein per litre. the numbers of viable organisms from 15 clinical isolates each of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas species were counted before and after incubation i ...	1971	5541232
polyacrylamide gel identification of bacterial l-forms and mycoplasma species of human origin.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of acidified phenol extracts prepared from whole cells can be used for the identification of bacterial l-forms and mycoplasma species of human origin. ten human mycoplasma serotypes and eight l-forms belonging to five different genera were studied. the gel patterns were sufficiently distinct and reproducible that it was possible not only to identify l-forms at the genus level (group with streptococci) and different mycoplasma serotypes but also to diff ...	1971	4994354
protein a from staphylococcus aureus xi. fixation of human complement and of complement from guinea pig and rabbit.		1971	4999790
the hygiene and marketing of fresh cream as assessed by the methylene blue test. a report by a working party to the director of the public health laboratory service.	the hygiene and marketing of fresh cream in england and wales was investigated by a working party of the public health laboratory service (phls) between 1 october 1968 and 31 july 1969. thirty-one cream-producing dairies were visited and observations made in the light of the code of practice published by the milk and milk products technical advisory committee of the ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food, and the scottish home and health department. suggestions are made in this report to st ...	1971	4326247
epicillin: in vitro laboratory studies.	a new semisynthetic penicillin, structurally related to ampicillin, has been assigned the generic name epicillin, 6-[d-2-amino-2-(1, 4-cyclohexadienyl) acetamido]-penicillanic acid. the antimicrobial spectrum and level of activity of epicillin in vitro are similar to those of ampicillin. in studies with recent clinical isolates, these two antibiotics, when compared with carbenicillin, showed consistently higher antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, escheri ...	1971	4343402
anti-gamma globulins and chronic infection: comparative studies of the immune response to various bacteria and gamma globulin preparations.	a study of the relationship of clinical states associated with prolonged infection (bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis) and generation of serum anti-gamma globulins was made with particular reference to quantitative amounts of staphylococcal protein a in various infecting strains. no correlation between individual strain amounts of protein a and presence of anti-gamma globulins was detected. thirty-eight rabbits were immunized intravenously with various strains of bacteria (staphylococcus ...	1972	4404684
isolation by electrofocusing of two lymphocyte mitogens produced by staphylococcus aureus.	staphylococcus aureus strain da352, grown in a diffusate of todd-hewitt broth, produced two extracellular nondialyzable lymphocyte mitogens having isoelectric points of 5.5 to 5.7 and 8.6 to 9.0. the mitogens were separable from one another by isoelectric focusing and could be isolated free of detectable amounts of other staphylococcal products by ethanol precipitation followed by isoelectric focusing. dose-response curves with both mitogens showed a maximum per cent transformation in the range ...	1972	4118043
in vitro studies of tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.	tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which has excellent antibacterial activity against pseudomonas, staphylococcus aureus, and many members of the enterobacteriaceae. most strains of serratia, providence, streptococcus, and diplococcus pneumoniae were resistant to concentrations of tobramycin which could be achieved in man. tobramycin was effective against certain pseudomonas strains resistant to gentamicin. the growth medium used to determine the inhibitory level of tobramycin had a sign ...	1972	4670427
scanning electron microscopy of the attachment of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to staphylococcus aureus.		1973	4707311
virulence of two mastitis strains of staphylococcus aureus in bovine skin: enhancement by growth in high carbohydrate-high salt medium or in raw milk.	cows were inoculated intradermally with two strains of staphylococcus aureus, and the severity of the resulting skin lesions was assessed on the basis of size, degree of necrosis, and in some cases by measuring the area of inflammation in histological preparations of excised skin. at least 10(6) colony forming units were required to produce a detectable skin lesion, indicating that the cow has a resistance to staphylococcal skin infection comparable to man and rabbit. the severity of the lesions ...	1973	4716546
crystal-violet type a -- strains of human origin and their relation to host-adapted variants of staphylococcus aureus.		1973	4281736
immune enhancement of pulmonary bactericidal activity in murine virus pneumonia.	bacterial multiplication in the lung associated with murine sendai virus pneumonia is caused by virus-induced defects in pulmonary bactericidal mechanisms. the nature of this effect has been studied in animals immunized against the challenge bacteria. mice were immunized against proteus mirabilis by intraperitoneal inoculation and by aerosol inhalation. after the development of immunity, mice were infected aerogenically with 10(4) tcid(50) of sendai virus. 7 days later, during the height of the ...	1973	4356001
bactericidal activity of aerobic and anaerobic polymorphonuclear neutrophils.	human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) were made anaerobic by nitrogen washout (oxygen saturation <1%, eh < -42 mv at ph 7.0), and the ability of the cells to kill bacteria was assayed and compared to the bactericidal activity of aerobic pmn. anaerobic pmn were able to kill staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus, viridans streptococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens, and peptococcus magnus normally. organisms that were no ...	1974	4361295
the use of protein a-containing staphylococcus aureus as a solid phase anti-igg reagent in radioimmunoassays as exemplified in the quantitation of alpha-fetoprotein in normal human adult serum.		1974	4137309
prevalence of staphylococcus aureus, phage types 71, 80 & 81 among healthy human carriers and their antibiotics resistance.		1974	4281416
infection and immunoglobulin concentrations in chediak-higashi mice.	the chediak-higashi syndrome (chs) has been reported in man, cattle, mink, and mice. chs humans and cattle have an increased incidence of pyogenic infections, whereas chs mink are more susceptible to aleutian disease. age- and sex-matched groups of chs mice (mutant strain) and c57 bl/6n (parent strain) were challenged with candida albicans, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus intravenously and streptococcus pneumoniae intraperitoneally. a significant increase (p < ...	1974	4601767
microbiol growth in lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition.	parenteral nutrition via central venous catheterization is associated with serious risks, especially that of sepsis. lipid emulsion (intralipidsweden), which may be administered peripherally, was evaluated for its potential to support microbial growth. washed cultures of staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, and three species of gram-negative rods were all capable of multiplying in the emulsion at room temperature. variations in inoculum size did not affect the growth rate. studies comparing ...	1975	982
[serological studies on staph. aureus strains from various processes of a disease of human origin (author's transl)].	this paper deals with serological studies on 332 staph. aureus strains of human origin having been isolated from various sources. on the basis of typing with 17 factor sera, a great number of groups and types was obtained occurring among the strains of several processes of a disease without showing special serological structural formulae which would have been typical for pathological changes of certain localisation. but still deviations have been observed between the strains of most of the serie ...	1975	52246
characteristics of staphylococcus aureus associated with lysogenic conversion to loss of beta-hemolysin production.	staphylococcus aureus strains 7-8 and 57 that produce beta-hemolysin but not staphylokinase (beta + k-) were lysogenically converted by certain serological group f bacteriophages to the loss of beta-hemolysin production and the gain in staphylokinase production (beta-k+). serological group a phage 42e was found to convert s. aureus strains 7-8(beta-k-) and 57 (beta + k-) to beta - k-. conversion of beta-hemolysin by lysogenization of a serological group a phage has not previously been reported. ...	1975	125146
epidemiology of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds.	sixty-eight methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from mastitis milk samples originating from 20 belgian dairyherds. all these strains appeared to be representatives of one single strain which was probably of human origin. evidence is presented indicating a rapid in vivo evolutionary change in this strain. the following characteristics were found to be variable: the production of beta haemolysin inversely connected with fibrinolysin (staphylokinase) activity; the prod ...	1975	125447
[capsule formation in staphylococcus aureus as a reason for nontypability by phages (author's transl)].	in staph. aureus strains isolated from human pathological material the frequency of strains which did not react with typing phages (nt-strains) was found to be about 30%. in one half of the nt strains the reaction with typing phages is prevented by a capsule. the capacity for capsule-formation is lost after propagation of the cells in a liquid glycerol-minimal-medium; thus the cells become typable by phages. the capacity for capsule-formation can be restored after intraperitoneal injection into ...	1975	130760
determination of toxin-induced leakage of different-size nucleotides through the plasma membrane of human diploid fibroblasts.	human diploid lung fibroblasts were treated with cytolytic bacterial toxins and the nature of the membrane damage was investigated. [3h] uridine was used for differential labeling of cytoplasmic components of small or large molecular size. two principal size categories were achieved by labeling the fibroblasts in either early growth phase or stationary phase, a high-molecular weight ribonucleic acid label and a low-molecular-weight nucleotide label. the size of the labeled molecules was determin ...	1975	164404
sensitive assay for detection of toxin-induced damage to the cytoplasmic membrane of human diploid fibroblasts.	a sensitive assay was developed for detection and quantitation of subtle permeability changes in the cytoplasmic membrane of human diploid fibroblasts. release of the non-metabolizable amino acid [1-14c]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (aib; molecular weight (103) from the cytoplasm of prelabeled cells was used as an indicator of toxin-induced membrane damage. an optimal procedure for labeling these cells was designed after varying the conditions with regard to ph, temperature, concentration of aib, c ...	1975	169201
organization of phospholipids in human red cell membranes as detected by the action of various purified phospholipases.	1. the action of eight purified phospholipases on intact human erythrocytes has been investigated. four enzymes, e.g. phospholipases a2 from pancreas and crotalus adamanteus, phospholipase c from bacillus cereus, and phospholipase d from cabbage produce neither haemolysis nor hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact cells. on the other hand, both phospholipases a2 from bee venom and naja naja cause a non-haemolytic breakdown of more than 50% of the lecithin, while sphingomyelinase c from staphyloco ...	1975	169915
synthesis of 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide and related 5'-deoxyimidazole ribonucleosides.	5-amino-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1, aica ribonucleoside) was converted in two steps to 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-5-iodo-2,3-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (3) which was hydrogenated in the presence of pd/c to yield 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-2,3-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (4). the dehydration of 4 yielded 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-2,3-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (7). the compounds 3, 4, and 7 w ...	1975	172632
suppression of pulmonary antibacterial activity following sendai virus infection in mice: dependence on virus dose.		1975	173264
septic endocarditis and indwelling pulmonary artery catheters.	a pulmonary artery catheter removed from a man with idiopathic cardiomyopathy yielded staphylococcus aureus in culture, as did blood and sputum. septic endocarditis of the right side of the heart was found at autopsy. a review of 438 autopsy reports in which an indwelling pulmonary catheter had been used and of another 493 reports preceding its use at our medical center suggests no association between the use of indwelling catheters in the right side of the heart and endocarditis in the left, al ...	1975	1173900
immunologically active and structurally similar fragments of protein a from staphylococcus aureus.	to study the active site(s) in protein a, partial tryptic digestions of the protein and of intact staphylococcus aureus were performed. fragments which bind to the fc-part of human igg were isolated by affinity chromatography on igg-sepharose 4b and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose. from a partial tryptic digest of pure protein a at 30 degrees c, ph 8.2 for 30 min we have isolated and characterized six active fragments with molecular weights ranging from 6000 to 8000. ...	1975	1175649
[presence of coryneform organisms (c) in cow udders. iii. fermentation and hemagglutination properties as well as pathogenicity of c. uberis].	altogether 111 strains of c. uberis isolated from cow udders of a dairy herd were studied. only 27 strains gave positive fermentation without gas formation from glucose, 6 strains from maltose, lactose and galactose, 9 strains from maltose, 4 strains from sucrose, and 5 strains from sucrose and lactose. no fermentation was found in 48 strains; 12 strains decomposed various carbohydrates except glucose. statistically significant differences in the slide haemagglutination test (oh), type a, were o ...	1975	1181560
antibacterial activity of human cervical mucus.	the antimicrobial property of human uterine cervical mucus was tested in three groups of women. healthy women, using no contraception, women using an intrauterine device and women receiving hormonal treatment for contraception. cervical mucus was taken on the 10th, 14th, 18th and 22nd day of the menstrual cycle. cervical mucus had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of micrococcus lysodeicticus in all three groups. the strength of the inhibitory effect on the other microorganisms were in t ...	1975	809320
platelet interaction with bacteria. iv. stimulation of the release reaction.	release of 14c-serotonin from human platelets prelabeled with 14c-5-hydroxytryptamine was measured during platelet aggregation induced by staphylococcus aureus. platelet-bacteria interaction (pbi) was as potent a stimulus of the platelet release reaction as collagen, thrombin, or epinephrine. inhibitors which blocked platelet aggregation also prevented the release reaction of pbi. sequential measurements of release, when correlated with nephelometry of aggregation, showed close correlation betwe ...	1975	811123
properties of the gamma haemolysin of staphylococcus aureus 'smith 5r'.	purified gamma haemolysin of staphylococcus aureus was characterized in relation to the alpha, beta and delta haemolysins. the sedimentation coefficient of the gamma lysin was 2-65, somewhat higher than the s20,w values of 1-4 for freshly purified alpha lysin and 1-8 for the beta lysin. the molecular weight of gamma lysin determined by gel filtration was 45000 daltons. the pi of gamma lysin was 6-0, while that of the alpha, beta and delta lysins ranged from 8-5 to 9-6. the amino acid analysis of ...	1976	812946
[contributions of studies on experimental pyelonephritis to the problems of human urinary tract infections].		1976	822604
[bactericidal action of modified cavity varnishes--their action against microorganisms found in the human oral cavity (in vitro study)].		1976	829913
chemiluminescence response of phagocytizing human monocytes.	chemiluminescence (cl) occurs as a consequence of phagocytosis of bacteria or inert particles by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. this phenomenon appears to be related to the production of singlet oxygen and/or electronically excited carbonyl groups which relax with light emission. we report that human monocytes also produce cl after phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria, fungi, or zymosan particles. monocytes produce approximately one-third of the cl produced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils f ...	1976	780271
detection of circulating igg aggregates and immune complexes using 125i protein a from staphylococcus aureus.	a method for detection of circulating immune complexes by the use of 125i labelled staphylococcal protein a is described. in a polyethylene glycol solution as little as 1-2 mg/l of soluble heat aggregated human igg could be quantitated. variables which might influence the assay were examined. separation of immune complexes in serum from monomeric igg was essential and achieved by gel chromatography on sephadex g200. this assay may be suitable for clinical routine for detection and quantitation o ...	1976	788651
interactions between econazole, a broad-spectrum antimicrobic substance, and topically active glucocorticoids.	econazole is a broad-spectrum antimicrobic substance which acts by permeabilizing the cell membranes. glucocorticoids by their surface activity may counteract this effect by protecting the cell membranes. in fact, a protective action of glucocorticoids in high concentrations against econazole nitrate could be demonstrated in yeasts, not in staphylococci. the techniques applied were the warburg assays (resting yeasts, resting and proliferating bacteria). the elicitation of a blanching reaction on ...	1976	791715
staphylococcus epidermidis in the circulating blood of normal and thrombocytopenic human subjects: immunological data.	immunological studies, performed with human sera and rabbit antisera upon some strains of staph. epidermidis carried in the circulating blood of normal and thrombocytopenic subjects, indicate that the reactivity is very low and almost completely related to antigenic properties common to staph. aureus.	1976	798697
[degradation of bacteria by human granulocytes in vitro (author's transl)].		1976	799423
acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: an experimental model.	the injection of barium sulphate (micropaque) contaminated with staphylococcus aureus into the nutrient artery of the canine tibia produced typical inflammatory bone changes. this alteration, similar to those observed in human hematogenous osteomyelitis, consisted of medullary destruction, spontaneous fractures, and intense periosteal new bone formation. this system seems to mimic the characteristics of some clinical bone infections and may provide a model for therapeutic trials.	1976	1246695
effect of fatty acids on staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin hemolytic activity.	the lysis of human erythrocytes by staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin proceeded without a lag and was directly proportional to toxin concentration and temperature of incubation. lysis was complete within 8 min. addition of saturated, straight-chain fatty acids of 13 to 19 carbons increased the activity of delta-toxin, whereas those with 21 to 23 carbons were inhibitory. palmitic acid was the fatty acid most active in augmenting delta-toxin, but its effect could be abolished by the simultaneous ad ...	1976	1248865
purification and characterization of a staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin.	a staphylococcal exotoxin that causes epidermolysis when injected into the skin of the newborn mouse and man was highly purified by coventional biochemical techniques. with staphylococcus aureus ev, the epidermolytic toxin was a major protein component of supernatant culture fluids. the initial step in purification was zone electrophoresis in pevikon carried out at ph 9.0, the isoelectric point of alpha-hemolytic toxin, which remained near the origin. fractions containing the epidermolytic toxin ...	1976	1262065
stevens-johnson syndrome from ophthalmic sulfonamide.	a 71-year-old man, who had a history of a previous bullous drug reaction to a sulfonamide, began receiving an ophthalmic preparation that contained sulfacetamide sodium. the patient received only the ophthalmic sulfonamide, and it was used for one day, but he developed stevens-johnson syndrome. this is believed to be the first reported case of stevens-johnson syndrome caused by an ophthalmic sulfonamide. the sulfonamides are the best verified drug-trigger for erythema multiforme and stevens-john ...	1976	1267457
[in vitro bactericidal activity of lysosomal proteins in human granulocytes. ii. activity of lysosomes in peripheral blood granulocytes from various donors].		1976	1271896
selective immunoglobulin m (igm) deficiency in two immunodeficient adults with recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma.	two adult men with recurrent pyoderma due to staphylococcus aureus and a selective deficiency of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody synthesis are described. an analysis of each patient's polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing of staph. aureus, serum opsonizaiton of staph. aureus, and serum and lymphocyte-mediated responses to antigenic stimulation was performed. family studies revealed a possible autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with heterogenetic expression of vario ...	1976	1274982
studies on the binding of staphylococcal 125i-labeled alpha-toxin to rabbit erythrocytes.	staphylococcal alpha-toxin, a hemolytic exotoxin, can be iodinated using the lactoperoxidase method. 125 i-labeled alpha-toxin binds to rabbit erythrocytes in an apparently irreversible and highly specific manner. the binding of 125 i-labeled alpha-toxin to erythrocytes of rabbit and human reflects the species specificity of native alpha-toxin. binding of 125i-labeled alpha-toxin is blocked by the presence of native alpha-toxin, 127i-labeled alpha-toxin, or anti-alpha-toxin antibody. simultaneou ...	1976	1276142
staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome: development of a primary binding assay for human antibody to the exfoliative toxin.	exfoliative toxin (et) from a phage group ii staphylococcus aureus strain causing staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome was purified by electrofocusing. ampholytes and salts were removed from the final product by column chromatography on g-50 sephadex. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of the final product yielded a single band upon gel electrophoresis, even when 60 mug of protein was placed in the gels. radiolabeling of the purified toxin with 125i yielded a product that still caused ex ...	1976	131109
trends in the distribution of staphylococcus aureus phage patterns in new york state during 1966-1975.	the phage patterns of 15 790 s. aureus isolates collected from human sources in new york state (exclusive of new york city) during the 10-year period 1966-1975 were analysed. the results showed changes in the distribution of phage groups and a steadily increasing incidence of nontypable s. aureus.	1976	142587
cytomegalovirus specific igm and igg response in humans studied by radioimmunoassay.	an indirect solid phase micro-radioimmunoassay (ria) was adapted for the measurement of anti-cytomegalovirus class-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg). cytomegalovirus (cmv) antigen (ag) was added to the wells of microtiter plates and desiccated onto the bottom surface of the wells. serial dilution of human cmv antisera were added and allowed to react with the ag. the amount of viral antibody (ab) was determined by measuring the specific binding of 125i-labeled goat anti-h ...	1976	62802
microbicidal mechanisms of human granulocytes: synergistic effects of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase or chymotrypsin-like cationic protein.	the antibacterial activity of a myeloperoxidase (mpo)-glucose oxidase system was found to be greatly increased by granulocyte elastase, present in azurophil granules of human neutrophils. the mpo-h2o3-mediated killing of both escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was potentiated by granuocyte elastase at an acid ph, whereas at ph 7.4 only killing of e. coli was potentiated. the potentiating effect of elastase was not dependent on the enzymatic properties of the protein since it was not abol ...	1976	12111
[studies of enterotoxin production by strains of staphylococcus aureus of different origins (author's transl)].	376 staphylococcus aureus strains of clinical and epidemiological origin were tested for their ability to produce the enterotoxins, a, b and c1. for these investigations, microagargel precipitation against specific antisera has been used. additionally these strains were studied by phagetyping, biochemical typing and for their antibiogram. the strains tested came from human pathological processes, mouth throat swabs of healthy people, persons working in hospitals, outbreaks of food poisoning from ...	1976	936826
the interaction of leukocytes and their hydrolases with bacteria in vitro and in vivo: the modification of the bactericidal and bacteriolytic reactions by cationic and anionic macromolecular substances and by anti-inflammatory agents.	acid hydrolases from extracts of human blood leucocytes lyse staph.aureus, staph.albus and strep.faecalis in vitro. the leucocyte enzymes can be substituted by a lytic mixture which contains crude trypsin, lysolecithin, phospholipase c and lysozyme, which lyse other bacterial species, e.g. e.coli and listeria which are resistant to leucocyte enzymes. bacteriolysis by the lytic agents is strongly inhibited by the anionic polyelectrolytes, heparin, chondroitin sulphate, dna, dextran sulphate and ...	1976	941804
staphylococci outside the hospital. staphylococcus aureus in sheep.	biochemical properties were studied in staph. aureus strains obtained from the anterior nares of healthy sheep and from the udders of ewes suffering from purulent mastitis. of the total number of 84 isolated staphylococcal strains 75 (89.3%) were classified as the c biotype. these undoubtedly sheep-adapted staphylococci produced pigment and beta hemolysin, they were growing on crystal violet agar as the negative type in violet colonies lacking both fibrinolysin and alpha hemolysin. all of them c ...	1976	987676
hypersensitivity to bacteria in eczema. iv. cytotoxic effect of antibacterial antibody on skin cells acquiring bacterial antigens.	the sera of persons with generalized eczema (whitfield-type) or with disseminated nummular eczema were examined for complement-activating antibacterial antibodies to test the hypothesis that some eczematous change results from an antibody-mediated cytotoxic reaction. bacteria dying in the stratum corneum release soluble antigens, some of which diffuse into the stratum malpighii and become firmly adsorbed to the epidermal cells. antibacterial antibody and complement diffusing into the epidermis r ...	1976	990168
[origin of the staphylococci in slaughtered poultry].	studied were 382 coagulase-positive and 290 coagullase-negative staphylococcus strains isolated from birds during their post-slaughter handling, from the vats for water cooling as well as from the women working on the slaughter-house conveyor. studied were the phage behaviour, fibrinolysine production, the crystal-violet test and the type of hemolysines. it was established that the coagulase positive staphylococci were lysed slightly by the human and the bovine set of phages. the main sources of ...	1976	1025836
imported methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection: a case report.	the first isolate of a methicillin-resistant strain of staphylococcus aureus at the wellington hospital was made on 31 march 1976, from a man who had emigrated from the united kingdom in 1973. the infection was successfully treated with co-trimoxazole and fucidin. the epidemiological implications of this infection are discussed.	1976	1072283
lymphocyte stimulation by protein a of staphylococcus aureus.	protein a from staphylococcus aureus (spa) is known to bind to the fc region of most mammalian igg classes. in the present article data are presented showing that spa is a highly efficient mitogen for human peripheral b lymphocytes, with no detectable activity for t lymphocytes. in order to achieve optimal stimulating conditions spa should be presented to the lymphocytes on an insoluble matrix, such as the spa-positive bacteria themselves or spa covalently attached to sephadex or sepharose beads ...	1976	1086776
use of clindamycin-2-phosphate in ophthalmology (author's transl).	clindamycin-2-phosphate was studied to evaluate its possible use in ophthalmology. 1. sensitivity of organisms isolated from human clinical materials: of 44 staphylococcal strains in vitro studied 13 were highly sensitive to 0.1 mug/ml and 28 were resistant to 100 mug/ml or more of clindamycin-2-phosphate. 2. in experiments with rabbits, clindamycin-2-phosphate showed superior penetration into the ocular tissues after intravenous injection than after intramuscular injection. 3. clindamycin-2-pho ...	1977	14269
determinants of lung bacterial clearance in mice after acute hypoxia.	net lung bacterial clearance in normal mice is determined by the balance of in vivo bacterial multiplication on the one hand, and the defense mechanisms of mucociliary clearance and phagocytosis and killing by the oxygen-dependent alveolar macrophage on the other. the bactericidal function of the macrophage is the major component of the defense mechanism. the effect of acute hypoxia on the defense mechanism was studied in mice exposed to aerosols of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebs ...	1977	21603
effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. x. the role played by leukocyte factors, cationic polyelectrolytes, and by membrane-damaging agents in the lysis of staphylococcus aureus: relation to chronic inflammatory processes.	a heat-stable factor present in extracts of human blood leukocytes is capable of lysing young staphylococcus aureus at ph 5.0. lysis is characterized by breakdown of cell-wall components as judged by electron microscopic and biochemical analysis. the leukocyte extracts can be replaced by a variety of agents known to injure cell membranes, e.g., leukocyte cationic protein histone, polymyxin b, colimycin, phospholipase a, and lysolecithin. the mechanisms by which all these agents bring about the d ...	1977	33120