| plasmablastic lymphoma in hiv-positive patients: an aggressive epstein-barr virus-associated extramedullary plasmacytic neoplasm. | aids-associated aggressive b-cell lymphomas often have plasmacytoid features. plasma cell neoplasms in hiv patients were commonly described to have atypical morphology and an aggressive clinical course in the literature. we reviewed 14 cases of neoplasms with marked plasmacytic differentiation in hiv-positive patients to determine their clinicopathologic features. of these, 13 of 14 had homogeneous morphology and were generally cd45(+), cd20-, pax-5-, and cd138(+). all were positive for epstein- ... | 2005 | 16327436 |
| fatal hhv-8-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in an hiv-negative immunocompetent patient with plasmablastic variant of multicentric castleman disease (plasmablastic microlymphoma). | virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (vahs) triggered by hhv-8 is extremely rare and has been reported only in 9 immunocompromised patients. we report the first case of hhv-8-associated vahs in an hiv-negative, immunocompetent patient with plasmablastic variant (plasmablastic microlymphoma) of multicentric castleman disease (mcd). this 61-year-old man presented with fever, cough, and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. biopsy of the right inguinal lymph node revealed plasmablastic mcd with n ... | 2006 | 16330952 |
| pathogenesis of gammaherpesvirus infections. | gammaherpesviruses are members of an emerging subfamily among the herpesviridae. two genera are discriminated: (i) lymphocryptovirus, including its type species epstein-barr virus (ebv), and (ii) rhadinovirus, including viruses of interest for medicine, veterinary medicine, and biomedical research, i.e. alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, equine herpesvirus 2, human herpesvirus 8, mouse herpesvirus 68, and ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2). the perception that these viruses have a narrow ... | 2006 | 16332416 |
| sexual behaviour and human herpesvirus 8 infection in homosexual men in australia. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is a common sexually transmitted agent among homosexual men, but there are few australian data. we aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors for seropositivity to hhv-8 in australian homosexual men. | 2005 | 16334707 |
| effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (elf-emf) on kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus in bcbl-1 cells. | association between extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (elf-emf) and human cancers is controversial, and few studies have been conducted on their influence on oncogenic viruses. we studied the effects of 1 mt, 50 hz sine waves, applied for 24-72 h, on kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv or hhv-8) in bcbl-1, a latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cell line. elf-emf exposure did not affect the growth and viability of bcbl-1 cells, either stimulated or not wi ... | 2006 | 16342195 |
| the epidemiology of non-hodgkin lymphoma. | non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) includes a group of more than 20 different malignant lymphoproliferative diseases that originate from lymphocytes. rates of nhl have increased dramatically over the past few decades, although the rate of increase has recently slowed. it is now the sixth most common cancer in australia. globally, it is somewhat more common in men than in women, and rates are highest in north america and australia. the causes of the increase in nhl rates are largely unknown. the best des ... | 2005 | 16373224 |
| nf-kappab is essential for the progression of kshv- and ebv-infected lymphomas in vivo. | activated nf-kappab is a critical mechanism by which lymphoma cells infected by epstein-barr virus (ebv/hhv-4) and kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8) are protected from apoptotic stress. selective pharmacologic inhibition of constitutive nf-kappab activity induces apoptosis in kshv- and ebv-infected lymphoma cells. in both tumor types, pharmacologic inhibition of nf-kappab in vitro induced identical mitochondrially mediated apoptosis cascades. assessment of gene regulation by microarray ana ... | 2006 | 16380446 |
| prognostic factors in human herpesvirus 8-related lymphoproliferative disorders associated with hiv infection. | | 2006 | 16382129 |
| the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor as a therapeutic target for the treatment of kaposi's sarcoma. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes a g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) that has been implicated in the initiation of kaposi's sarcoma, identifying vgpcr as an attractive target for preventing kaposi's sarcoma. however, as only a fraction of cells in advanced kaposi's sarcoma lesions express vgpcr, it is unclear whether this unique viral oncogene contributes to kaposi's sarcoma progression. we therefore set out to determine whether the few cells that express vgpcr in esta ... | 2006 | 16397229 |
| localization of human herpesvirus type 8 in human sperms by in situ pcr. | defining the mechanism of infection with human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) or kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) is an important clinical issue. hhv-8 has been linked to kaposi's sarcoma (ks) development in hiv-1-infected individuals, and ks develops in 40% of those infected with both viruses. a series of epidemiological data suggest that sexual transmission is one of the routes of transmission for hhv-8. in our studies, we sought to assess the cellular reservoirs of hhv-8 dna in the semen ... | 2006 | 16402152 |
| multicentric castleman's disease in a patient with hiv. | multicentric castleman's disease (mcd) was originally described in non-hiv patients. it is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, which is more commonly seen in hiv-positive patients and is associated with human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8). we describe a patient with advanced hiv who responded well to conventional highly active antiretroviral treatment. she was diagnosed with mcd soon after her diagnosis of hiv. she presented with multiple flares of her mcd. the case illustrates the difficulty of diffe ... | 2006 | 16409683 |
| systems biology. when proteomes collide. | | 2006 | 16410514 |
| iatrogenic kaposi's sarcoma following steroid therapy for nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with hhv-8 genotyping. | we present a case of iatrogenic kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in a 64-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative woman with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (nsip) following steroid therapy. she suffered from longstanding exertional dyspnea, and was diagnosed to have nsip by a thoracoscopic lung biopsy. after 4 months of steroid therapy, multiple purplish nodular or patchy skin lesions developed throughout the entire body. microscopically, the skin lesions, consisting of closely packed spin ... | 2006 | 16413694 |
| risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity in the aids cancer cohort study. | cigarette smoking has been associated with a decreased risk for aids-related and classical ks, but whether it is associated with decreased risk of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infection is unknown. | 2006 | 16414306 |
| focal adhesion kinase is critical for entry of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus into target cells. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (kshv/hhv-8) interacts with cell surface alpha3beta1 integrin early during in vitro infection of human endothelial cells and fibroblasts and activates the focal adhesion kinase (fak) that is immediately downstream in the outside-in signaling pathway by integrins, leading to the activation of several downstream signaling molecules. in this study, using real-time dna and reverse transcription-pcr assays to measure total internalized viral ... | 2006 | 16414994 |
| epidemiology of kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (hhv8) in västerbotten county, sweden. | a population-based serosurvey of human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv8) in västerbotten county, an area of northern sweden with high incidence of kaposi's sarcoma, was conducted. serum samples from an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 520 subjects (260 men and 260 women) participating in a population-based biobanking project were tested for antibodies against hhv8, using a sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assay to latent and lytic hhv8 antigens. buffy coat dna was also analyzed for viral dn ... | 2006 | 16419115 |
| dc-sign is a receptor for human herpesvirus 8 on dendritic cells and macrophages. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) causes kaposi's sarcoma and pleural effusion lymphoma. in this study, we show that dendritic cell-specific icam-3 grabbing nonintegrin (dc-sign; cd209) is a receptor for hhv-8 infection of myeloid dcs and macrophages. dc-sign was required for virus attachment to these cells and dc-sign-expressing cell lines. hhv-8 binding and infection were blocked by anti-dc-sign mab and soluble dc-sign, and mannan, a natural ligand for dc-sign. infection of dcs and macrophages with ... | 2006 | 16424204 |
| the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus complement control protein (kcp) binds to heparin and cell surfaces via positively charged amino acids in ccp1-2. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) complement control protein (kcp) inhibits the human complement system, and is similar in structure and function to endogenous complement inhibitors. other inhibitors such as c4b-binding protein and factor h, as well as the viral homologue vaccinia virus complement control protein are known to bind heparin and, for the two latter, also to glycosaminoglycans at the surface of cells. we report here that kcp also binds to heparin at physiological io ... | 2006 | 16442624 |
| cutaneous malignancy and human immunodeficiency virus disease. | certain skin cancers occur with increased frequency or altered course in patients infected with hiv. malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are examples of cutaneous malignancies that have a more aggressive course in patients with hiv. others, such as basal cell carcinoma, appear more frequently in this population but do not appear to be more aggressive. the incidence of hiv-associated kapsosi's sarcoma has markedly decreased since the advent of hiv antiretroviral therapy. our understand ... | 2006 | 16443048 |
| susceptibility to mycobacterial infections due to interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 pathway defects. | a case of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)/interleukin-12 (il-12) pathway defect is presented. pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic test, and case management are reviewed. clinical pearls and pitfalls include: (1) a high probability of a defect in the ifn-gamma/il-12 cascade exists in patients with disseminated or recurrent infection due to poorly pathogenic mycobacteria or systemic infections caused by non-typhi salmonella species that are persistent and recurrent despite antibioti ... | 2005 | 16450579 |
| human herpesvirus-8 in kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva in a patient with aids. | to demonstrate human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) in kaposi's sarcoma (ks) of the conjunctiva in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 2006 | 16453181 |
| the nucleosomal surface as a docking station for kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus lana. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) mediates viral genome attachment to mitotic chromosomes. we find that n-terminal lana docks onto chromosomes by binding nucleosomes through the folded region of histones h2a-h2b. the same lana residues were required for both h2a-h2b binding and chromosome association. further, lana did not bind xenopus sperm chromatin, which is deficient in h2a-h2b; chromatin binding was rescued after assembly of nucleosomes ... | 2006 | 16469929 |
| transcriptional origin of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus micrornas. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes 11 distinct micrornas, all of which are found clustered within the major latency-associated region of the kshv genome in the same transcriptional orientation. because the kshv micrornas are all expressed in latently infected cells and are largely unaffected by induction of lytic replication, it appeared probable that they would be processed out of kshv transcripts that are derived from a latent promoter(s) present in this region. here, we de ... | 2006 | 16474131 |
| the latency-associated nuclear antigen of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces b cell hyperplasia and lymphoma. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus. it is implicated in b cell neoplasias such as primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman disease in aids patients. the kshv latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) is consistently expressed in all kshv-associated tumor cells and was shown to bind the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and prb. to test lana's contribution to lymphomagenesis in vivo we generated transgenic mice expressing lana under the contro ... | 2006 | 16498502 |
| rhesus rhadinovirus r15 encodes a functional homologue of human cd200. | a viral cd200 homologue (vcd200) encoded by open reading frame r15 of rhesus rhadinovirus (rrv), a gammaherpesvirus closely related to human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), is described here. rrv vcd200 shares 30% and 28% amino acid identity with human cd200 (hucd200) and hhv-8 vcd200, respectively. in vitro analysis indicated that an fc fusion (vcd200-fc) is expressed as a glycoprotein with a core molecular mass of 53 kda. utilizing monoclonal antibodies raised against vcd200-fc, vcd200 expression was d ... | 2006 | 16501121 |
| simultaneous occurrence of hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma within the same lymph nodes of a non-aids patient. | we report a case of simultaneous occurrence of hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma within the same lymph nodes of a 61-year-old woman without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. epstein-barr virus (ebv) was detected in the hodgkin cells and reed-sternberg cells by ebv lmp-1 immunostaining and epstein-barr virus encoded early rna (eber) in situ hybridization. in contrast, kaposi's sarcoma cells were positive for human herpes virus 8. this case is documented because the occurrence of ... | 2006 | 16501843 |
| phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1 on serine 130 is essential for viral cyclin-mediated bypass of a p21cip1-imposed g1 arrest. | k cyclin encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus confers resistance to the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p16ink4a, p21cip1, and p27kip1 on the associated cdk6. we have previously shown that k cyclin expression enforces s-phase entry on cells overexpressing p27kip1 by promoting phosphorylation of p27kip1 on threonine 187, triggering p27kip1 down-regulation. since p21cip1 acts in a manner similar to that of p27kip1, we have investigated the subversion of a p21cip1-induced g1 ... | 2006 | 16508017 |
| kaposi's sarcoma triggered by endogenous hhv-8 reactivation after non-myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic transplantation. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is causally associated with kaposi's sarcoma (ks). ks is most frequently observed in hiv patients and in solid organ transplant recipients. the role of hhv-8 in allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (hct) remains to be determined. here we describe a case in which ks concomitantly occurred with cmv reactivation after a non-myeloablative allogeneic hct and presented with skin lesions, but not visceral involvement. skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and ruled o ... | 2006 | 16519707 |
| quantitative and functional defects of dendritic cells in classic kaposi's sarcoma. | in this study, we investigated whether dendritic cells (dcs) are altered in classic kaposi's sarcoma (cks), a lympho-angioproliferative disorder associated with human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection. by direct analysis of peripheral blood dcs (pbdcs), we demonstrated that cks patients have lower frequency of myeloid and plasmacytoid dcs than controls. this reduction was greater in patients with advanced stages of disease. pbdcs from cks patients also showed up-regulated expression of the scaveng ... | 2006 | 16527545 |
| anatomical mapping of human herpesvirus reservoirs of infection. | following primary infection, all eight human herpesviruses persist lifelong in the human host. however, a mapping of all anatomic sites of human herpesvirus persistence is lacking. fresh tissue specimens representing approximately 40 major anatomic sites from eight autopsies were screened using a recently developed real-time pcr method for detection of all eight human herpesviruses. patients with evidence of active herpesvirus infection (herpes simplex 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex 2 (hsv-2), varice ... | 2006 | 16528368 |
| kshv/hhv-8 infection of human hematopoietic progenitor (cd34+) cells: persistence of infection during hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. | the cellular reservoir for kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection in the hematopoietic compartment and mechanisms governing latent infection and reactivation remain undefined. to determine susceptibility of human cd34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (hpcs) to infection with kshv, purified hpcs were exposed to kshv, and cells were differentiated in vitro and in vivo. clonogenic colony-forming activity was significantly suppressed in kshv-infected cd34+ cells, and viral dna was pre ... | 2006 | 16543476 |
| the host control of lytic and latent infection with human herpesvirus-8. | | 2006 | 16544244 |
| characterization of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) k1 promoter activation by rta. | the k1 gene of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes a 46-kda transmembrane glycoprotein that possesses transforming properties, initiates signaling pathways in b cells, and prevents apoptosis. here, we demonstrate a mechanism for activation of the k1 promoter by the rta transactivator. electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) analysis of the k1 promoter demonstrated that purified rta protein bound to the k1 promoter at three locations, independent of other dna-binding factor ... | 2006 | 16546233 |
| seroprevalence of six different viruses among pregnant women and blood donors in rural and urban burkina faso: a comparative analysis. | a seroprevalence study was carried out of six different human pathogenic viruses, namely human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv), human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8), and dengue virus among pregnant women and blood donors from rural (nouna) and urban (ouagadougou) burkina faso, west africa. a total of 683 samples from blood donors (n = 191) and pregnant women (n = 492) were collected from both sites and screened for th ... | 2006 | 16555290 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus fusion-entry receptor: cystine transporter xct. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv, human herpesvirus 8) is the causative agent of kaposi's sarcoma and other lymphoproliferative syndromes often associated with hiv/aids. functional complementary dna selection for a receptor mediating kshv cell fusion identified xct, the 12-transmembrane light chain of the human cystine/glutamate exchange transporter system x-c. expression of recombinant xct rendered otherwise not susceptible target cells permissive for both kshv cell fusion and viri ... | 2006 | 16574866 |
| molecular evidence for mother-to-child transmission of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in uganda and k1 gene evolution within the host. | epidemiological studies of kaposi sarcoma (ks)-related herpesvirus (kshv) indicate that having a kshv-seropositive mother is a risk factor for kshv infection in children. | 2006 | 16586362 |
| regulation of intracellular signalling by the terminal membrane proteins of members of the gammaherpesvirinae. | the human gamma(1)-herpesvirus epstein-barr virus (ebv) and the gamma(2)-herpesviruses kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), rhesus rhadinovirus (rrv), herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) and herpesvirus ateles (hva) all contain genes located adjacent to the terminal-repeat region of their genomes, encoding membrane proteins involved in signal transduction. designated 'terminal membrane proteins' (tmps) because of their localization in the viral genome, they interact with a variety of cellular s ... | 2006 | 16603506 |
| raf/mek/erk signalling triggers reactivation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) causes kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease. kshv infection of cells produces both latent and lytic cycles of infection. in vivo, the virus is found predominantly in the latent state. in vitro, a lytic infection can be induced in kshv-infected cells by treating with phorbol ester (tpa). however, the exact signalling events that lead to the reactivation of kshv lytic infection are still elusive. here, a rol ... | 2006 | 16603514 |
| lymphatic and vascular origin of kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells during tumor development. | the histogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) tumor spindle cells (sc) remains controversial but several immunohistochemical studies favor a lymphatic origin. twenty ks surgical biopsies were analyzed for the coexpression of lana, cd34, lyve-1, d2-40, vegfr-2, vegfr3 by using double or triple immunostaining. most of the sc in both early and late ks expressed the lymphatic markers lyve-1, d2-40 and vegfr-3 and the blood vascular endothelial/endothelial precursor cell markers cd34 and endothelial stem ... | 2006 | 16615115 |
| [classification and structure of gamma-herpesviruses]. | | 2006 | 16615528 |
| [immune modulation by kshv]. | | 2006 | 16615536 |
| [epidemiology of kshv infection]. | | 2006 | 16615545 |
| [kaposi's sarcoma]. | | 2006 | 16615556 |
| promoter switching allows simultaneous transcription of lana and k14/vgpcr of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | latent transcription of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana/orf73) of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is driven by the lanap-c. complexity arises during lytic reactivation, however, as the bicistronic k14/vgpcr transcript initiates 32 bp downstream of lanap-c in the opposite orientation. we identify an rta/orf50-inducible lana promoter (lanap-i) that is distinct from the lanap-c. lanap-c is unaffected by rta/orf50. utilization of the second, downstream lanap-i explains how lana ... | 2006 | 16616289 |
| [development of drugs with antiherpetic activity]. | | 2006 | 16620633 |
| cutaneous plasmacytosis: a report of five cases with immunohistochemical evaluation for hhv-8 expression. | cutaneous plasmacytosis is a rare disorder that typically affects middle-aged to older individuals of asian, particularly japanese, descent. clinically, it is characterized by multiple asymptomatic red-brown plaques and nodules on the trunk. lymphadenopathy and hypergammaglobulinemia may be present. histologically, the lesions show a moderately dense superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate composed predominantly of mature plasma cells without atypia or light chain restriction. we report our ... | 2006 | 16625068 |
| correlations between synthetic peptide-based enzyme immunoassays and immunofluorescence assay for detection of human herpesvirus 8 antibodies in different argentine populations. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) antibody tests vary in sensitivity and specificity, depending on the population tested and on the type of assay. in this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of two peptide enzyme immunoassays using a multiple antigenic peptide (pk8.1-map) or a chimeric peptide (pk8.1-orf65) as the antigens and determined the hhv-8 seroprevalence in different argentine populations using an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) as reference. for analysis, when either or both of ... | 2006 | 16628571 |
| histoid leprosy - unusual presentation. | a 39-year-old man presented with a chronic nonhealing toe ulcer and multiple skin-colored papules on the back, arms, and knees. from an initial small erosion, the toe lesion ulcerated over a 1.5-year period, while the papules progressed over a 6-month period, first appearing on the back and then spreading to the arms and knees. the past medical and family history were non-contributory. pertinent findings included the aforementioned well-defined, asymmetric, shiny papules (fig. 1). there were mul ... | 2006 | 16650172 |
| solitary eyelid kaposi sarcoma in an hiv-negative patient. | to describe a case of localized kaposi sarcoma (ks) of the eyelid in an hiv-seronegative patient. | 2006 | 16670494 |
| a prognostic index for aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma remains common in individuals with hiv-1 infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). we developed a simple model for predicting mortality on the basis of clinical characteristics present at the time of diagnosis of kaposi's sarcoma. | 2006 | 16679162 |
| decrease in epstein-barr virus-positive aids-related lymphoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | recent introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) is reported to have reduced the incidence of lymphoma among hiv-infected individuals. a clinicopathological study was performed on 86 aids-related lymphoma patients who were treated in tokyo area from 1987 to 2005. the incidence of lymphoma detected by autopsy was 27% (53 cases/198 autopsies). diffuse large b cell lymphoma was the most predominant histological subtype throughout the period (78%). burkitt's lymphoma (bl) increase ... | 2006 | 16697236 |
| modulation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and replication by mek/erk, jnk, and p38 multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways during primary infection. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is etiologically associated with kaposi's sarcoma, a dominant aids-related tumor of endothelial cells, and several other lymphoproliferative malignancies. while activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase c-mek-erk pathway is essential for kshv infection, we have recently shown that kshv also activates jnk and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways during primary infection (j. xie, h. y. pan, s. yoo, and s.-j. gao, j ... | 2006 | 16699017 |
| angiosarcoma arising in a lymphedematous abdominal pannus with histologic features reminiscent of kaposi's sarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature. | despite common endothelial origins, angiosarcoma and kaposi's sarcoma are clinically and histologically distinct vascular proliferations. the development of angiosarcoma in a chronically edematous abdominal pannus is extremely uncommon. similarly, tumors with the combined histologic features of angiosarcoma and kaposi's sarcoma have rarely been described. | 2006 | 16700780 |
| notch and wnt signaling: mimicry and manipulation by gamma herpesviruses. | a small number of fundamental cell signaling pathways are key to the regulation of proliferation and differentiation responses during normal development. two of these pathways, the notch and wnt pathways, have proven to be attractive targets for virus interaction and manipulation. in general, viral gene expression and replication are intimately linked to the differentiation state of the infected cell and, in the case of the gamma herpesviruses, establishment of a lifelong persistent infection in ... | 2006 | 16705130 |
| big endothelin-1 and interleukin-6 modulation in human microvascular endothelial cells after human herpesvirus 8 infection. | endothelin (et)-1 is an angiogenic factor that, among others, is secreted by endothelial cells during development of several neoplasias. in particular, kaposi sarcoma (ks) skin lesions show overexpression of the et-1 system. spindle cells, which characterize tumor lesions, are of endothelial origin and during disease are infected by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8). the majority of these cells are latently infected, suggesting that latent genes are sufficient for maintenance of viral infection and de ... | 2006 | 16741071 |
| effusion and solid lymphomas have distinctive gene and protein expression profiles in an animal model of primary effusion lymphoma. | lymphoma usually forms solid tumours in patients, and high expression levels of adhesion molecules are observed in these tumours. however, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)-related primary effusion lymphoma (pel) does not form solid tumours and adhesion molecule expression is suppressed in the cells. inoculation of a kshv-associated pel cell line into the peritoneal cavity of severe combined immunodeficiency mice resulted in the formation of effusion and solid lymphomas in the perit ... | 2006 | 16741895 |
| primary mediastinal large b-cell lymphoma: a single-center study of clinicopathologic characteristics. | primary mediastinal large b-cell lymphoma (pmlbcl) is a subset of lbcl with unique clinicopathologic features. some studies have raised the question of differences in biological features and clinical course among patients from different parts of the world. we conducted a retrospective clinicopathologic analysis of 24 patients with pmlbcl from a single center in croatia. we also conducted the first investigation of the frequency of lymphotropic viruses human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and hhv-8 in lym ... | 2006 | 16757434 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immune modulation: an overview. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the most recently discovered human herpesvirus. it is the aetiological agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), a tumour frequently affecting aids patients not receiving treatment. kshv is also a likely cause of two lymphoproliferative diseases: multicentric castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma. the study of kshv offers exciting challenges for understanding the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis, including those involved in establishing infecti ... | 2006 | 16760382 |
| molecular interactions between porcine and human gammaherpesviruses: implications for xenografts? | reactivation of latent herpesviruses is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in human transplantation. this issue might be further complicated in the case of xenotransplantation. zoonotic viruses could reactivate and replicate in the transplanted tissue, and interactions with homologous human viruses could take place. since the pig is a favoured animal as donor of organs for human transplants, we analysed the possibility of interactions between porcine and human herpesviruses. porcine l ... | 2006 | 16768724 |
| human herpesvirus 8 oral shedding in hiv-infected men with and without kaposi sarcoma. | two main routes of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) transmission are known: sexual, predominantly in men who have sex with men; and nonsexual, in endemic populations. both routes implicate saliva, so identifying the factors that influence oral hhv-8 shedding is important. | 2006 | 16791117 |
| murine gammaherpesvirus (mhv) mk3 gene sequence diversity among 72, 4556, and 68 strains. | murid herpesvirus 4 (muhv-4) currently serves as a model for study of human gamma-herpesvirus pathogenesis. it codes for mk3 protein that similarly as k5 protein of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are members of a family of structurally related viral immune evasion molecules possessing ring-ch finger domain with ubiquitin ligase activity. murine herpesvirus 72 (mhv-72) isolated from the same species of free-living small rodent is considered as closely related to murine herpesvirus 68 (mh ... | 2006 | 16791419 |
| molecular epidemiology of the hhv-8 k1 gene from moroccan patients with kaposi's sarcoma. | the genetic variability of the human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) strains circulating in the populations living in the maghreb region, an endemic area for hhv-8 and associated kaposi's sarcoma, remains largely unknown. we have thus analyzed the genetic variation of the complete k1 gene of hhv-8 in a series of 35 viral strains, originating from 28 moroccan patients with classic, aids-associated or iatrogenic kaposi's sarcoma lesions. all but one of the 35 strains belonged to the large c molecular subtyp ... | 2006 | 16793109 |
| genetic organization and hypoxic activation of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf34-37 gene cluster. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiologic agent for kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and primary effusion lymphoma (pel). we previously reported that hypoxia activates kshv lytic replication and that the promoter for open reading frame 34 (orf34) contains a functional hypoxia-responsive element (hre). orf34 is part of a cluster of lytic genes (orf34-37) that includes orf36, a phosphotransferase, and orf37, a shutoff exonuclease. rapid amplification of cdna ends analysis revealed that ... | 2006 | 16809309 |
| dna viruses in human cancer: an integrated overview on fundamental mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis. | the first experimental data suggesting that neoplasm development in animals might be influenced by infectious agents were published in the early 1900s. however, conclusive evidence that dna viruses play a role in the pathogenesis of some human cancers only emerged in the 1950s, when epstein-barr virus (ebv) was discovered within burkitt lymphoma cells. besides ebv, other dna viruses consistently associated with human cancers are the hepatitis b virus (hbv), human papillomavirus (hpv), and kaposi ... | 2007 | 16814460 |
| viral immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (itam)-mediated signaling in cell transformation and cancer. | viruses frequently co-opt host cell pathways to enhance their propagation or to enable latent infection. certain receptors expressed by hematopoietic cells have immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (itams) in their cytoplasmic domains that initiate cellular activation, proliferation and differentiation. some viruses have evolved, or acquired from their host, genes that encode itam-bearing proteins. these itam-bearing viral proteins have been implicated in cellular transformation in vi ... | 2006 | 16815013 |
| high prevalence of multiple human herpesviruses in saliva from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with an increased risk for human herpesviruses (hhvs) and their related diseases. methods for limiting the transmission of hhvs require a better understanding of the prevalence and infectiousness of oral hhvs in hiv-infected patients. we performed quantitative pcr to investigate the prevalence, quantity, risk, and correlates of salivary hhvs from 58 hiv-seropositive individuals in a case control study. hhvs were significantly more preval ... | 2006 | 16825357 |
| structural and functional analyses of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf57 nuclear localization signals in living cells. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) orf57 is a multifunctional, nuclear protein involved in post-transcriptional regulation of a subset of viral genes during lytic replication. three nuclear localization signals (nlss), nls1 (amino acids (aa 101-107), nls2 (aa 121-130), and nls3 (aa 143-152), were identified in the n terminus of the orf57 protein, and each of the three represents a short stretch of basic amino acid residues. disruption of all three nlss prevented localization of orf57 i ... | 2006 | 16829516 |
| discovery of the receptor for hhv-8, the agent of kaposi's sarcoma. | | 2006 | 16848279 |
| three cases of classic kaposi's sarcoma with different subtypes of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | | 2006 | 16863523 |
| absence of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome in adenocarcinoma of the colon in patients with concomitant kaposi's sarcoma. | | 2006 | 16863534 |
| signal transduction targets in kaposi's sarcoma. | aids-related kaposi's sarcoma results from co-infection with hiv and kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8, which leads to the development of an angiogenic-inflammatory state that is critical in the pathogenesis of the condition. recent discoveries regarding kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8 infection and its activation of signal transduction have led to a greater understanding into kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis and have identified potential targets for therapy. | 2006 | 16894293 |
| the tsc2/mtor pathway drives endothelial cell transformation induced by the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the infectious causative agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), encodes a g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) implicated in the initiation of ks. here we demonstrate that kaposi's sarcomagenesis involves stimulation of tuberin (tsc2) phosphorylation by vgpcr, promoting the activation of mtor through both direct and paracrine mechanisms. pharmacologic inhibition of mtor with rapamycin prevented vgpcr sarcomagenesis, while overactivation of this pathway ... | 2006 | 16904612 |
| abrogation of viral interleukin-6 (vil-6)-induced signaling by intracellular retention and neutralization of vil-6 with an anti-vil-6 single-chain antibody selected by phage display. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) encodes several putative oncogenes, which are homologues to cellular host genes known to function in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and cytokine signaling. viral interleukin (vil-6) is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma as well as primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease. therefore, vil-6 is a promising target for novel therapies directed against hhv-8-associated diseases. by phage display scr ... | 2006 | 16912301 |
| aids and non aids-related malignant lymphoma in tanzania. | malignant lymphoma (ml) in hiv patients, are second in frequency to kaposi's sarcoma (aks) as aids-defining tumors. in africa the frequency of aids-related lymphoma (arl) is rare and the findings are controversial. kaposi's sarcoma (ks) lesions are now causally associated with kshv/hhv-8 but whether african arl shows this association is not clear. | 2006 | 16916294 |
| kaposi's sarcoma risk among transplant recipients in the united states (1993-2003). | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) risk is high in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. ks develops in recipients with pre-existing infection with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), the causative agent for ks, but it can also occur in recipients infected by donors. the relative importance of these sources of infection in recipients in the united states is unknown. we report recipient and donor characteristics associated with ks among transplant recipients in the united states. ks risk, after solid organ transpl ... | 2006 | 16929513 |
| primary palmoplantar kaposi's sarcoma: an unusual presentation. | a 65-year-old diabetic saudi arabian man taking glibenclamide for 9 years presented with painful reddish patches and plaques involving the palms and soles of 6 months' duration. these lesions started as small faint purple-red macules and gradually increased in number and size. the patient did not seek any medical advice other than for these painful lesions. his medical history was insignificant. on examination, the patient had multiple, discrete, dull red-to-violaceous and tender patches and pla ... | 2006 | 16957440 |
| helix 8 of the viral chemokine receptor orf74 directs chemokine binding. | the constitutively active g-protein-coupled receptor and viral oncogene orf74, encoded by kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8), binds a broad range of chemokines, including cxcl1 (agonist), cxcl8 (neutral ligand), and cxcl10 (inverse agonist). although chemokines interact with the extracellular n terminus and loops of the receptor, we demonstrate that helix 8 (hx8) in the intracellular carboxyl tail (c-tail) of orf74 directs chemokine binding. partial deletion of the c-tai ... | 2006 | 16997914 |
| kaposi's sarcoma, human herpesvirus 8 infection and the potential role of promoter-arthropod bites in northern sweden. | | 2006 | 16998892 |
| virologic, hematologic, and immunologic risk factors for classic kaposi sarcoma. | classic kaposi sarcoma (cks) is an inflammatory-mediated neoplasm that develops in the presence of ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and immune perturbation. in the current study, the authors compared cks cases with age-matched and sex-matched kshv-seropositive controls without human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection and markers of viral control, blood counts, cd4-positive and cd8-positive lymphocytes, and serum beta-2-microglobulin and neopterin levels. | 2006 | 16998933 |
| asynchronous progression through the lytic cascade and variations in intracellular viral loads revealed by high-throughput single-cell analysis of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv or human herpesvirus-8) is frequently tumorigenic in immunocompromised patients. the average intracellular viral copy number within infected cells, however, varies markedly by tumor type. since the kshv-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) tethers viral episomes to host heterochromatin and displays a punctate pattern by fluorescence microscopy, we investigated whether accurate quantification of individual lana dots is predictive of intra ... | 2006 | 17005685 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. case 30-2006. a 41-year-old man with dyspnea, fever, and lymphadenopathy. | | 2006 | 17005954 |
| kshv/hhv-8 infection of tubular epithelial cells in transplantation kidney. | | 2006 | 17006338 |
| cutaneous disseminated endemic kaposi's sarcoma in a polynesian man infected with a new divergent human herpesvirus 8 subtype d. | | 2006 | 17011233 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ori-lyt-dependent dna replication: dual role of replication and transcription activator. | lytic replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is essential for viral propagation and pathogenicity. in kaposi's sarcoma lesions, constant lytic replication plays a role in sustaining the population of latently infected cells that otherwise are quickly lost by segregation of latent viral episomes as spindle cells divide. lytic dna replication initiates from an origin (ori-lyt) and requires trans-acting elements. two functional ori-lyts have been identified in the kshv genome ... | 2006 | 17020951 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8, cytokines, growth factors and hiv in pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma. | epidemiological studies have strengthened the case for kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 being the long-sought kaposi sarcoma agent, but have also pointed to a role for other co-factors. like other tumour viruses, kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 establishes a latent (persistent) infection in kaposi sarcoma-spindle (tumorous) cells, but can also undergo lytic replication in these and other cell types. several latent and lytic viral genes may play ... | 1998 | 17033372 |
| dermatological infections in the immunocompromised host. | the data from the most recent studies concerning infection with human herpes virus 8 strongly support a pathogenic role for this virus in the tumoral hyperplasia which is a feature of kaposi's sarcoma. the results from the first studies of the sensitivity of human herpes virus 8 to antiviral drugs were also published last year. this review also concerns bacterial and mycobacterial infections showing unusual presentation, important trials in the prevention of infection with varicella zoster virus ... | 1998 | 17033375 |
| a dynamic model for induced reactivation of latent virus. | we develop a deterministic mathematical model to describe reactivation of latent virus by chemical inducers. this model is applied to the reactivation of latent kshv in bcbl-1 cell cultures with butyrate as the inducing agent. parameters for the model are first estimated from known properties of the exponentially growing, uninduced cell cultures. additional parameters that are necessary to describe induction are determined from fits to experimental data from the literature. our initial model pro ... | 2007 | 17045614 |
| kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded vflip and virf1 regulate antigen presentation in lymphatic endothelial cells. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is etiologically linked to kaposi sarcoma (ks), a tumor genetically akin to lymphatic endothelial cells (lecs). we obtained the immune transcriptional signature of ks and used kshv-infected lecs (klecs) as an in vitro model to determine the effects of kshv on transcription and expression of genes involved in immunity. the antigen presentation, interferon (ifn) response, and cytokine transcriptomes of klecs resemble those of ks. transcription of genes ... | 2007 | 17047149 |
| modulation of host gene expression by the k15 protein of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) contains several open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins capable of initiating signal transduction pathways. among them is the k15 orf, which consists of eight exons encoding a protein with 12 predicted transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic c terminus. when transiently expressed, the 8-exon k15 transcript gives rise to a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 45 kda. k15 interacts with cellular proteins, traf (tumor necrosis factor recept ... | 2007 | 17050609 |
| epidemiology of epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infections in peripheral blood leukocytes revealed by a multiplex pcr assay. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been developed for the simultaneous detection of epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) in a clinical sample. primers of multiplex pcr were designed to amplify specific regions of the ebv ebna1, cmv ie2, and kshv lana genes. this multiplex pcr assay was found to have detection sensitivities of 1-10 copies of purified viral dna cloned into the plasmid. to assess diagnostic and pre-clinical ... | 2006 | 17063511 |
| reactivation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by natural products from kaposi's sarcoma endemic regions. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and its causative agent, kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8), a gamma2 herpesvirus, have distinctive geographical distributions that are largely unexplained. we propose the "oncoweed" hypothesis to explain these differences, namely that environmental cofactors present in ks endemic regions cause frequent reactivation of kshv in infected subjects, leading to increased viral shedding and transmission leading to increased prevalence of kshv infection as well a ... | 2007 | 17066452 |
| ec5s ubiquitin complex is recruited by kshv latent antigen lana for degradation of the vhl and p53 tumor suppressors. | cellular protein degradation pathways can be utilized by viruses to establish an environment that favors their propagation. here we report that the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) directly functions as a component of the ec5s ubiquitin complex targeting the tumor suppressors von hippel-lindau (vhl) and p53 for degradation. we have characterized a suppressor of cytokine signaling box-like motif within lana composed of an elongin b a ... | 2006 | 17069461 |
| modern evolutionary history of the human kshv genome. | the genomes of several human herpesviruses, including kaposi sarcoma (ks) herpesvirus (kshv), display surprisingly high levels of both genetic diversity and clustered subtyping at certain loci. we have been interested in understanding this phenomenon with the hope that it might be a useful diagnostic tool for viral epidemiology, and that it might provide some insights about how these large viral genomes evolve over a relatively short timescale. to do so, we have carried out extensive pcr dna seq ... | 2007 | 17089792 |
| structure and function of latency-associated nuclear antigen. | latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) encoded by open reading frame 73 (orf73) is the major latent protein expressed in all forms of kshv-associated malignancies. lana is a large (222-234 kda) nuclear protein that interacts with various cellular as well as viral proteins. lana has been classified as an oncogenic protein as it dysregulates various cellular pathways including tumor suppressor pathways associated with prb and p53 and can transform primary rat embryo fibroblasts in cooperation w ... | 2007 | 17089795 |
| the kshv and other human herpesviral g protein-coupled receptors. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a gamma2-herpesvirus discovered in 1994 and is the agent responsible for kaposi sarcoma (ks), an endothelial cell malignancy responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. over time, kshv has pirated many human genes whose products regulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and the cell cycle. one of these encodes for a mutated g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) that is a homologue of the human il-8 receptor. gpcrs are the largest family o ... | 2007 | 17089796 |
| kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded interferon regulator factors. | the kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) encodes multiple proteins that disrupt host antiviral responses, including four viral proteins that have homology to the interferon regulatory factor (irf) family of transcription factors. at least three of the kshv virfs (virfs 1-3) alter responses to cellular irfs and to interferons (ifns), whereas functional changes resulting from the fourth virf (virf-4) have not been reported. the virfs also affect other important regulatory proteins in the cell, includ ... | 2007 | 17089798 |
| endothelial cell- and lymphocyte-based in vitro systems for understanding kshv biology. | kaposi sarcoma (ks), the most common aids-associated malignancy, is a multifocal tumor characterized by deregulated angiogenesis, proliferation of spindle cells, and extravasation of inflammatory cells and erythrocytes. kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; also human herpesvirus-8) is implicated in all clinical forms of ks. endothelial cells (ec) harbor the kshv genome in vivo, are permissive for virus infection in vitro, and are thought to be the precursors of ks spindle cells. spindle ... | 2007 | 17089799 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in non-hodgkin lymphoma and reactive lymphadenopathy in uganda. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) causes kaposi sarcoma and is also associated with primary effusion lymphoma, a subset of diffuse large b-cell lymphomas, and multicentric castleman disease. because kshv infection is endemic in sub-saharan africa, we sought to identify cases of kshv-positive non-hodgkin lymphomas (nhls) and reactive lymphadenopathy in this region. one hundred forty-four cases (80 nhls, 64 reactive lymph nodes) from the major pathology laboratory in uganda were reviewe ... | 2007 | 17097130 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded protein kinase and its interaction with k-bzip. | the oncogenic herpesvirus, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, also identified as human herpesvirus 8, contains genes producing proteins that control transcription and influence cell signaling. open reading frame 36 (orf36) of this virus encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase, which is designated the viral protein kinase (vpk). our recent efforts to elucidate the role of vpk in the viral life cycle have focused on identifying viral protein substrates and determining the effects of vpk-me ... | 2007 | 17108053 |
| human herpesvirus 8-encoded proteins with potential roles in virus-associated neoplasia. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is a gamma-2 herpesvirus, related genetically to simian herpesvirus saimiri (hvs), the prototype virus of this subgroup of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily. hhv-8 dna is present in all forms of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and primary effusion lymphoma (pel), and in most forms of multicentric castleman's disease (mcd), especially in hiv infected individuals. of relevance to attempts to explain the molecular basis of hhv-8 associated neoplasia, are the unique genes specified by ... | 2007 | 17127298 |