Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |
| Atypical eye lesion in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. | AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS), nowadays known to be an angioproliferative disease, occurs in several clinical-epidemiological forms, all of which are associated with infection by human herpesvirus-8. KS can affect the eye, with the bulbar conjunctiva and lacrimal gland being rare sites of occurrence. We present a case of AIDS-related KS of the conjunctiva and also discuss recent literature. | 2011 | 22161131 |
| Restricted Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus transcription in KS lesions from patients on successful antiretroviral therapy. | Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8). KS is an AIDS-defining cancer, and it is changing in the post-antiretroviral therapy (post-ART) era. In countries with ready access to ART, approximately one-third of KS cases present in patients with undetectable HIV loads and CD4 counts of =200 cells/µl. This is in contrast to pre-ART era KS, which was associated with systemic HIV replication and CD4 counts of =200 cells/µl. Using primary pa ... | 2011 | 22045987 |
| castleman disease: the great mimic. | castleman disease is a nonclonal lymphoproliferative disorder and one of the more common causes of nonneoplastic lymphadenopathy. because of its diverse manifestations and ability to affect any body region, castleman disease is a great mimic of both benign and malignant abnormalities in the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. castleman disease most commonly manifests as unicentric disease (unicentric castleman disease) with a hyperenhancing lymph nodal mass and should be considered in the differen ... | 2011 | 21997995 |
| comparison of humoral immune responses to epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus using a viral proteome microarray. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) has a restricted seroprevalence. both viruses are associated with malignancies that have an increased frequency in individuals who are coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | 2011 | 21990424 |
| Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesviral IL-6 and human IL-6 open reading frames contain miRNA binding sites and are subject to cellular miRNA regulation. | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a viral interleukin 6 (vIL-6) that mimics many activities of human IL-6 (hIL-6). Both vIL-6 and hIL-6 play important roles in stimulating the proliferation of tumours caused by KSHV. Here, we provide evidence that a miRNA pathway is involved in regulation of vIL-6 and hIL-6 expression through binding sites in their open reading frames (ORFs). We show a direct repression of vIL-6 by hsa-miR-1293 and hIL-6 by hsa-miR-608. The repression of vIL ... | 2011 | 21984125 |
| primary and reactivated hhv8 infection and disease after liver transplantation: a prospective study. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) is pathogenic in humans, especially in cases of immunosuppression. we evaluated the risk of hhv8 transmission from liver donors, and its clinical impact in southern italy, where its seroprevalence in the general population is reported to be as high as 18.3%. we tested 179 liver transplant recipients and their donors for hhv8 antibodies at the time of transplantation, and implemented in all recipients a 12-month posttransplant surveillance program for hhv8 infection. of ... | 2011 | 21966899 |
| Kaposi's sarcoma: imaging overview. | Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a low-grade malignancy that is associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), is a multifocal tumor that most commonly affects mucocutaneous sites. It might also involve lymph nodes and visceral organs, in particular of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, but it can affect every organ system. Four forms of the disease have been recognized: the classic, the endemic, the transplant-associated, and the epidemic form. The endemic form, or African KS, currently accounts f ... | 2011 | 21963166 |
| Delineation of a core RNA element required for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF57 binding and activity. | The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57 protein is an essential multifunctional regulator of gene expression. ORF57 interaction with RNA is necessary for ORF57-mediated posttranscriptional functions, but little is known about the RNA elements that drive ORF57-RNA specificity. Here, we investigate the cis-acting factors on the KSHV PAN RNA that dictate ORF57 binding and activity. We show that ORF57 binds directly to the 5' end of PAN RNA in KSHV-infected cells. Furthermore, we em ... | 2011 | 21889182 |
| herpesvirus carriage in saliva and posttreatment apical periodontitis: searching for association. | objective: herpesvirus infection can cause immunosuppression and then act as a modifier of apical periodontitis, influencing the disease severity and response to treatment. the purpose of this study was to investigate if herpesvirus infection, as inferred by salivary carriage, may influence the endodontic treatment outcome. study design: the study population included 72 patients who had root canals treated more than 1 year previously because of necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. at the fol ... | 2011 | 21831677 |
| metastatic kaposi's sarcoma with perirectal involvement diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound-guided echobrush cytology sampling. | aids-related kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a low-grade vascular tumor that occurs in association with human herpesvirus 8 infection. here we report the case of a 21-year-old male with recently diagnosed cutaneous ks who presented with rectal bleeding and anal pruritus. initial endoscopic evaluation was nondiagnostic. ct imaging showed diffuse lymphadenopathy including perirectal involvement which was suspicious for metastatic ks. echoendoscopy with needle biopsies and echobrush sampling of the lymph ... | 2011 | 21829398 |
| inhibition of primary effusion lymphoma engraftment in scid mice by morpholino oligomers against early lytic genes of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is associated with several malignant diseases, including kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman's disease. the objectives of this study were to investigate the use of peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (ppmos) against kshv early lytic genes and to assess their efficacy in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (scid) mice against pel engraftment. ppmos are short, single-stranded dna ana ... | 2011 | 21817187 |
| multiorgan involvement in hhv-8-positive multifocal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. | 2011 | 21796573 | |
| cyclopropavir inhibits the normal function of the human cytomegalovirus ul97 kinase. | cyclopropavir (cpv) is active against human cytomegalovirus (cmv) as well as both variants of human herpes virus 6 and human herpesvirus 8. the mechanism of action of cpv against cmv is similar to that of ganciclovir (gcv) in that it is phosphorylated initially by the cmv ul97 kinase resulting in inhibition of viral dna synthesis. resistance to cpv maps to the ul97 kinase, but is associated primarily with h520q mutations and thus retains good antiviral activity against most gcv-resistant isolate ... | 2011 | 21788463 |
| viral interleukin-6: role in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-associated malignancies. | viral interleukin-6 (vil-6) is a product of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) expressed in latently infected cells and to a higher degree during viral replication. a distinctive feature of vil-6 is the ability to directly bind and activate gp130 signaling in the absence of other receptor subunits. secretion of vil-6 is generally poor, but vil-6 can activate gp130 from inside the cell. due to the wide cell distribution of gp130, vil-6 has the potential to induce a wide range of biolo ... | 2011 | 21767154 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 induces lytic cycle replication of kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: role of ras/c-raf/mek1/2, pi3k/akt, and nf-?b signaling pathways. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection significantly increases the risk and development of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in individuals infected with ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv). previously, we reported that hiv-1 tat protein induced kshv replication by modulating the janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway. here, we further investigated the possible signaling pathways involved in hiv-1-induced reactivation of kshv. we showed that hiv-1 infec ... | 2011 | 21763505 |
| hiv-associated multicentric castleman disease. | purpose of review: hiv-associated multicentric castleman disease (hiv mcd) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, the incidence of which appears to be increasing in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. current knowledge of the disease is limited and this review will discuss what is known about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of hiv mcd. recent findings: hiv mcd has been shown to be associated with infection with human herpesvirus-8. vascular endothelial growth ... | 2011 | 21760504 |
| kaposi sarcoma of the stomach: a case report. | a 60-year-old man presented with persistent dysphagia and weight loss of 2-months duration. an upper gi endoscopy revealed mycotic oesophagitis and chronic gastritis with two ulcers of the gastric body and antrum. repeat endoscopy was performed after medical treatment failed, and histological examination on new biopsy samples led to a diagnosis of kaposi sarcoma of the stomach. hiv infection was not known at this time; however, the patient was tested after the diagnosis of kaposi sarcoma was mad ... | 2009 | 21754959 |
| the manipulation of mirna-gene regulatory networks by kshv induces endothelial cell motility. | mirnas have emerged as master regulators of cancer-related events. mirna dysregulation also occurs in kaposi sarcoma (ks). exploring the roles of ks-associated mirnas should help to identify novel angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis pathways. in the present study, we show that kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the etiological agent of ks, induces global mirna changes in lymphatic endothelial cells (lecs). specifically, the mir-221/mir-222 cluster is down-regulated, whereas mir-31 is u ... | 2011 | 21715310 |
| constitutive nf-{kappa}b activation confers interleukin 6 (il6) independence and resistance to dexamethasone and janus kinase inhibitor incb018424 in murine plasmacytoma cells. | myeloma cells are dependent on il6 for their survival and proliferation during the early stages of disease, and independence from il6 is associated with disease progression. the role of the nf-+¦b pathway in the il6-independent growth of myeloma cells has not been studied. because human herpesvirus 8-encoded k13 selectively activates the nf-+¦b pathway, we have used it as a molecular tool to examine the ability of the nf-+¦b pathway to confer il6 independence on murine plasmacytomas. we demonstr ... | 2011 | 21705340 |
| human herpesvirus 8 is not detectable in lesions of large plaque parapsoriasis, and in early-stage sporadic, familial, and juvenile cases of mycosis fungoides. | background: human herpesvirus (hhv) 8, an essential etiologic agent of kaposi sarcoma, is also associated with several lymphoproliferative disorders. the involvement of hhv 8 in mycosis fungoides (mf) and large plaque parapsoriasis (lpp) is controversial, with contradictory reports from various countries worldwide. objective: we sought to investigate the presence of the hhv 8 genome in skin lesions of lpp and early-stage sporadic, familial, and juvenile mf in patients in israel. methods: archiva ... | 2011 | 21704421 |
| retroviral expression of mir2 decreases both surface mhc class i and the alloimmune ctl response. | the immune response to allogeneic cells in tissue-engineered constructs is a major barrier to their successful application in the treatment of many human diseases. specifically, the t cell-mediated immune response, initiated through the recognition of cell surface mhci molecules, is the primary cause of acute cellular allograft rejection. in this study, we altered expression of mhci through viral immunomodulatory mechanisms to examine whether allogeneic cells could be made to 'mimic' viral evasi ... | 2011 | 21695793 |
| a-ásilence element involved in kaposi+äs-ásarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf11 gene expression. | 2011 | 21692569 | |
| oral and maxillofacial pathology case of the month. kaposi's sarcoma. | 2011 | 21675370 | |
| soluble human leukocyte antigen-g serum levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome affected by different disease-defining conditions before and after antiretroviral treatment. | we have previously reported that the serum levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen (hla)-a, -b, -c, and -g antigens are elevated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected subjects and decrease after antiretroviral therapy. in this study, we measured soluble hla-g serum levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) affected by different aids-defining conditions before and during antiretroviral therapy and correlated them with virologic and immunologic parameters of res ... | 2011 | 21663783 |
| epstein-barr virus myelitis and castleman's disease in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a case report. | abstract: introduction: few cases of epstein-barr virus myelitis have been described in the literature. multi-centric castleman's disease is a lymphoproliferative disorder that is well known for its associations with the human immunodeficiency virus, human herpes virus 8, and kaposi's sarcoma. the concurrent presentation of these two diseases in a patient at the same time is extremely unusual. case presentation: we describe the case of a 43-year-old caucasian man with acquired immune deficiency ... | 2011 | 21615962 |
| the internal kshv lana regions exert a critical role on episome persistence. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) is an 1162 amino acid protein that acts on viral terminal repeat (tr) dna to mediate kshv episome persistence. the two essential components of episome persistence are dna replication prior to cell division, and episome segregation to daughter nuclei. these functions are located within n- and c- terminal lana. n- and c-terminal lana are sufficient for tr dna replication. in addition, n- and c-terminal lana te ... | 2011 | 21593163 |
| [clinical manifestation of hiv infection and aids in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery]. | to improve the recognition of clinical manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, and to emphasize the early diagnosis, correct treatment and effective protection. | 2011 | 21575416 |
| deep sequencing reveals direct targets of gammaherpesvirus-induced mrna decay and suggests that multiple mechanisms govern cellular transcript escape. | one characteristic of lytic infection with gammaherpesviruses, including kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and murine herpesvirus 68 (mhv68), is the dramatic suppression of cellular gene expression in a process known as host shutoff. the alkaline exonuclease proteins (kshv sox, mhv-68 musox and ebv bglf5) have been shown to induce shutoff by destabilizing cellular mrnas. here we extend previous analyses of cellular mrna abundance during lytic infection to c ... | 2011 | 21573023 |
| prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. | abstract: background: for decades, scientists have tried to understand the environmental factors involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), in which viral infections was included. previous studies have identified epstein-barr virus (ebv) to incite sle. human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), another member of the gammaherpesvirus family, shares a lot in common with ebv. the characteristics of hhv-8 make it a well-suited candidate to trigger sle. results: in the present study, serum ... | 2011 | 21549013 |
| classic kaposi's sarcoma in arabs - widening ethnic involvement. | kaposi's sarcoma is a tumor caused by human herpes virus 8 also known as kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus. originally described by kaposi in 1872, this tumor is recognized as an aids-defining illness. classic kaposi's sarcoma (cks) is a relatively indolent disease affecting elderly men from the mediterranean region or of eastern european descent, besides jews in whom it is the most common. it has been also reported in the arab population living in israel. kaposi's sarcoma has been reported ... | 2011 | 21546753 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded lana down-regulates il-22r1 expression through a cis-acting element within the promoter region. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is considered to be a necessary, but not sufficient, causal agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). all forms of ks are characterized by the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, and most (>90%) spindle cells from ks lesions are latently infected with kshv. during kshv latency, only a few viral genes are expressed. among those latent genes, the orf 73 gene encodes the latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana), which is critical for the establishment and ma ... | 2011 | 21544244 |
| oncogenesis in hiv-infection. | the presence of human kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus-like sequences (kshv) was examined in different epidemiological variants of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and in ks-derived cell cultures by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). kshv dna was present in all tumor biopsies of aids-associated ks (59 biopsies), endemic ks (26 biopsies; 21 african endemic ks, 5 greek endemic ks), sporadic/classical ks (28 biopsies) and post-transplant/iatrogenic ks (6 of 7 biopsies). on the contrary, these sequences w ... | 1996 | 21541473 |
| pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica: comparison of lesional t-cell subsets and investigation of viral associations. | background: pityriasis lichenoides (pl) exhibits a broad clinical spectrum that includes both acute and chronic forms. the precise biologic mechanisms underlying pl remain unclear. objectives: to evaluate the immunohistochemical characteristics of pl and to investigate lesional t-cell subsets and the possible role of viral infection in its pathogenesis. patients and methods: samples from 10 patients with pl et varioliformis acuta (pleva) and 13 with pl chronica (plc) were analyzed immunohistoche ... | 2011 | 21518386 |
| pharmacological management of kaposi's sarcoma. | introduction: kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an angioproliferative disease that occurs in four clinical-epidemiological forms sharing the same immunological and histopathological features, suggesting common etiological and pathogenic factors. infection with the human herpesvirus 8, cytokine- and angiogenic factor-induced growth together with an immuno-dysregulated state represent fundamental conditions for the development of this tumor. despite the recent improvements in ks management, it remains an i ... | 2011 | 21517697 |
| [epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv, hhv-8)]. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv or human herpesvirus 8, hhv-8) are members of gamma-herpes virus family. both viruses infect to b cells and cause malignancies such as lymphoma. since ebv and hhv-8 are so-called 'oncovirus', their oncogenecities have been focused in the researches on ebv and kshv for a long time. ebv was discovered in 1964, whereas kshv was identified in 1994. however, kshv was analyzed rapidly in these fifteen years. one of the recent p ... | 2010 | 21488336 |
| high-dose zidovudine plus valganciclovir for kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric castleman disease: a pilot study of virus-activated cytotoxic therapy. | kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv)-associated multicentric castleman disease (kshv-mcd) is a lymphoproliferative disorder most commonly observed in hiv-infected patients. it is characterized by kshv-infected plasmablasts that frequently express lytic genes. patients manifest inflammatory symptoms attributed to overproduction of kshv viral interleukin-6, human interleukin-6, and human interleukin-10. there is no standard therapy and no established response criteria. we investigated an approach tar ... | 2011 | 21487108 |
| prevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) in untreated patients with early stage mycosis fungoides (a retrospective study). | background : human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), also known as kaposi's sarcoma - associated herpesvirus (kshv) was first identified and detected in 1994 in patients with kaposi's sarcoma. recently, a strong association has been shown between hhv-8 and large-plaque parapsoriasis and mycosis fungoides(mf). this association has been attributed to either recent infection or reactivation of hhv-8 in patients who had extensive and/or who had an advanced stage of the diseases. this intriguing observation pro ... | 2010 | 21475551 |
| pilot study of oral valganciclovir therapy in patients with classic kaposi sarcoma. | we conducted a clinical trial of oral valganciclovir, a drug with in vitro activity against kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv), in classic ks. five human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative participants received valganciclovir for up to six 4-week cycles at doses used for cytomegalovirus infection. none of the study subjects showed an objective response; ks progressed in 4 subjects after 1-4 cycles and remained stable in 1 subject after 6 cycles. ks biopsies showed minimal lytic k ... | 2011 | 21450998 |
| the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study: rationale, study design, and study methods. | the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus in zambia has led to a dramatic rise in the incidence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8)-associated kaposi's sarcoma in both adults and children. however, there is a paucity of knowledge about the routes of hhv-8 transmission to young children. the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study, a large, prospective cohort study in lusaka, zambia, was launched in 2004 to investigate the role of household members as a source of hhv-8 infection in young children and socia ... | 2011 | 21447476 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 and kaposi sarcoma. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) was discovered in 1994 and is now known to be a necessary but not sufficient causative agent of kaposi sarcoma. while kshv is likely also the causative agent of primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease, its causal role has been refuted in the case of multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis, prostate cancer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. the epidemiology of kshv is both intriguing and challenging. two epidemiologic findings are clear, ... | 2011 | 21441485 |
| simultaneous quantification of human herpesvirus 8 dna by real time pcr in different tissues of hiv infected cuban patients with kaposi's sarcoma. | abstract: in cuba, previous reports have shown an increase of epidemic ks, reaching a total of 120 cases by the end of 2007, despite the use of haart. to evaluate and compare the role of human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) viral loads in different compartments of aids-related kaposi's sarcoma (aids-ks) patients real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to determine the genome copy number of hhv-8 in plasma, saliva, tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of 49 aids-ks patients. ... | 2010 | 21429238 |
| kaposi's sarcoma following immunosuppressive therapy for vasculitis. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is widely reported to develop after renal transplantation and is induced by activation of a latent human herpes virus 8. we report the clinical features and outcome of a 50-year-old woman who presented with ks 18 weeks after starting immunosuppressive therapy for vasculitis. she had positive-titer igg antibody to human herpes virus 8. cyclophosphamide pulses were interrupted, and prednisone was decreased gradually to 10 mg/day. skin lesions showed important regression with ... | 2011 | 21422634 |
| generation of a doxycycline-inducible kshv producer cell line of endothelial origin: maintenance of tight latency with efficient reactivation upon induction. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiological agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and at least two b cell lymphoproliferative diseases: primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). b cells derived from pel are latently infected, and can be induced to lytic replication by treatment with chemical agents like tpa or butyrate, which have pleiotropic effects on host cell signaling and chromatin structure. most of these lines also display moderate levels o ... | 2011 | 21419799 |
| [an analysis of etiological and genetic factors of a patient with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]. | to analyze the etiological factor and genetic feature of a familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patient with prf1 mutation (fhl2) with human herpesvirus 7 (hhv7) infection and its family constellation. | 2011 | 21418834 |
| kaposi's sarcoma in an atopic dermatitis patient: a case report and a review of literature. | ôçâ a 7-year-old girl suffering from atopic dermatitis developed multiple lesions of kaposi's sarcoma, which could not be categorized under any one of the four known types of kaposi's sarcoma (classic, human immunodeficiency virus-associated, endemic, or iatrogenic). we propose that atopic dermatitis may cause susceptibility to human herpes virus 8 infection, which is related to the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma. | 2011 | 21385206 |
| human gammaherpesvirus immune evasion strategies | the human γ-hvs are able to establish a lifelong, persistent infection that is largely clinically inapparent within the immunocompetent host. however, when these viruses are not kept in check, a variety of lymphoproliferative and neoplastic disorders result that will be detailed elsewhere within this volume. in brief, for hhv-8, also known as kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), these neoplasias include kaposi’s sarcoma (ks), multicentric castleman’s disease (m ... | 2007 | 21348105 |
| introduction to the human γ-herpesviruses | this chapter will provide a brief background into the γ-herpesviruses family in comparison to other members of the herpesvirus family; but the primary focus of this chapter will be to recount the discovery of the two human γ-herpesviruses (ebv and kshv) and the diseases associated with infection of each virus, a brief introduction into their life cycles, and finally a description of the genome characteristics of the viruses including a description of their respective geno ... | 2007 | 21348088 |
| reactivation and lytic replication of kshv | herpesviruses are extremely successful pathogens that have coevolved with their mammalian hosts over the past 60–80 million years (mcgeoch and davison, 1999). this success likely is attributable to the ability of the herpesviridae to establish lifelong latent infections of their host. latently infected cells provide a perpetual reservoir from which progeny viruses can be amplified for dissemination within the host and transmission between hosts. herpesvirologists have traditi ... | 2007 | 21348086 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor 3 inhibits gamma interferon and major histocompatibility complex class ii expression. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) carries four genes with homology to human interferon regulatory factors (irfs). one of these irfs, the viral interferon regulatory factor 3 (virf-3), is expressed in latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cells and required for their continuous proliferation. moreover, virf-3 is known to be involved in modulation of the type i interferon (ifn) response. we now show that virf-3 also interferes with the type ii interferon system and antigen ... | 2011 | 21345951 |
| kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) vflip oncoprotein induces b cell transdifferentiation and tumorigenesis in mice. | kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) is specifically associated with kaposi sarcoma (ks) and 2 b cell lymphoproliferative diseases, namely primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman disease (mcd). ks, pel, and mcd are largely incurable and poorly understood diseases most common in hiv-infected individuals. here, we have revealed the role of viral flice-inhibitory protein (vflip) in the initiation of pel and mcd by specifically expressing vflip at different stages of b cell different ... | 2011 | 21339646 |
| do fewer cases of kaposi's sarcoma in hiv-infected patients reflect a decrease in hhv8 seroprevalence? | infection with human herpes virus 8 (hhv8) is associated with development of kaposi's sarcoma (ks); therefore also known as ks-associated herpes virus. ks is closely associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and consequently hhv8 seroprevalence is higher in hiv-infected compared to hiv-negative patients. currently, ks is rarely seen in clinical practice, which might be a consequence of an optimized anti-hiv treatment leading to an improved immunological status, or alternative ... | 2011 | 21336596 |
| interaction of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf59 with orilyt is dependent on binding with k-rta. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)/human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) displays two distinct life stages, latency and lytic reactivation. progression through the lytic cycle and replication of the viral genome constitute an essential step toward the production of infectious virus and human disease. kshv k-rta has been shown to be the major transactivator required for the initiation of lytic reactivation. in the transient-cotransfection replication assay, k-rta is the only noncore protein req ... | 2011 | 21289111 |
| mir-k12-7-5p encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus stabilizes the latent state by targeting viral orf50/rta. | seventeen mirnas encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) have been identified and their functions have begun to be characterized. among these mirnas, we report here that mir-k12-7 directly targets the replication and transcription activator (rta) encoded by open reading frame 50. we found that mir-k12-7 targeted the rta 3' untranslated region (rta3'utr) in a seed sequence-dependent manner. mir-k12-7-5p derived from mir-k12-7 mediates the inhibition of rta expression, and the mu ... | 2011 | 21283761 |
| kaposi sarcoma and quinine: a potentially overlooked triggering factor in millions of africans. | kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus, also known as human herpesvirus 8, is necessary but not sufficient for the development of ks. lytic reactivation of human herpesvirus 8 may be important in ks pathogenesis. ks and its causative agent, ks-associated herpesvirus, have distinctive largely unexplained geographic distributions. we note the recent "oncoweed" hypothesis of biologic plants in the environment accounting for this reactivation. we believe that quinine and its derivatives might be ... | 2011 | 21238829 |
| a human herpesvirus mirna attenuates interferon signaling and contributes to maintenance of viral latency by targeting ikkε. | type i interferon (ifn) signaling is the principal response mediating antiviral innate immunity. ifn transcription is dependent upon the activation of transcription factors irf3/irf7 and nf-κb. many viral proteins have been shown as being capable of interfering with ifn signaling to facilitate evasion from the host innate immune response. here, we report that a viral mirna, mir-k12-11, encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is critical for the modulation of ifn signaling and a ... | 2011 | 21221132 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced angiogenin plays roles in latency via the phospholipase c gamma pathway: blocking angiogenin inhibits latent gene expression and induces the lytic cycle. | during de novo infection of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec-d), kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) induced the multifunctional angiogenin (ang) protein, which entered the nuclei and nucleoli of infected cells and stimulated 45s rrna gene transcription, proliferation, and tube formation, which were inhibited by blocking ang nuclear translocation with the antibiotic neomycin (s. sadagopan et al., j. virol. 83:3342-3364, 2009). ang was induced by kshv latency protein ... | 2011 | 21209106 |
| kaposi's sarcoma and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells infected with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus express ccl21. | 2010 | 21176872 | |
| primary classic kaposi's sarcoma of the penis in an hiv-negative patient. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a multifocal hemorrhagic sarcoma that occurs primarily on the extremities. ks limited to the penis is rare and a well-recognized manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). however, ks confined to the penis is extraordinary in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients. we present the case of a 68-year-old man with a dark reddish ulcerated nodule on the penile skin, which was reported as a nodular stage of ks. we detected no evidence of immunos ... | 2010 | 21165204 |
| palmitoylation of mir2 is required for its function. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes two ring finger e3 ubiquitin ligases (mir1 and mir2) that mediate ubiquitination and degradation of cellular proteins important for the establishment of an efficient antiviral immune response. mir1 and mir2 share 30% sequence identity; however, their substrate preferences are varied. mir1 has been shown to primarily downregulate major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i), whereas mir2 can downregulate a wide range of cell surface prote ... | 2010 | 21159884 |
| phosphorylation and polyubiquitination of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 are necessary for activation of nf-kappab by the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) protein has been shown to induce several signaling pathways leading to the modulation of host gene expression. the hijacking of these pathways facilitates the viral life cycle and leads to tumorigenesis. in the present work, we show that transforming growth factor β (tgf-β)-activated kinase 1 (tak1) is an important player in nf-κb activation induced by vgpcr. we observed that the expression of an inactive tak1 kina ... | 2010 | 21159881 |
| functional characterization of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame k8 by bacterial artificial chromosome-based mutagenesis. | the open reading frame k8 of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes a basic leucine zipper (bzip) protein that binds to the origin of viral dna replication and is an integral component of viral lytic dna replication complex. moreover, k8 physically interacts with replication and transcription activator (rta) and represses its transactivation activity on several viral promoters. to investigate the role of this protein in viral life cycle, we constructed two k8-null recombinant mut ... | 2010 | 21159864 |
| robust inference of the context specific structure and temporal dynamics of gene regulatory network. | response of cells to changing endogenous or exogenous conditions is governed by intricate molecular interactions, or regulatory networks. to lead to appropriate responses, regulatory network should be 1) context-specific, i.e., its constituents and topology depend on the phonotypical and experimental context including tissue types and cell conditions, such as damage, stress, macroenvironments of cell, etc. and 2) time varying, i.e., network elements and their regulatory roles change actively ove ... | 2010 | 21143778 |
| relative risk of reducing the lifetime blood donation deferral for men who have had sex with men versus currently tolerated transfusion risks. | the risks of known and emerging transfusion-transmitted infections (ttis) from reducing the current lifetime blood donation deferral for men who have had sex with men (msm) to 1 or 5 years were compared to the risk from continuing to transfuse in the united states 12.5% of platelet doses as pooled whole-blood-derived (rather than single-donor) platelets. assumptions made in mathematical models and blood donor/transfusion studies of the risks of ttis since 2000 were evaluated. the number of hiv, ... | 2011 | 21134626 |
| modulation of interferon regulatory factor 5 activities by the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 3 contributes to immune evasion and lytic induction. | multiple kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)-encoded proteins with potential roles in kshv-associated neoplasms have been identified. kshv encodes 4 genes with homology to transcription factors of the interferon (ifn) regulatory factor (irf) family. viral irf3 (virf3) is expressed in latently kshv-infected primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cells and was recently shown to be essential for the survival of pel cells. the focus of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) of virf3 oncoge ... | 2010 | 21133648 |
| poly(a) tail recognition by a viral rna element through assembly of a triple helix. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus produces a highly abundant, nuclear noncoding rna, polyadenylated nuclear (pan) rna, which contains an element that prevents its decay. the 79-nucleotide expression and nuclear retention element (ene) was proposed to adopt a secondary structure like that of a box h/aca small nucleolar rna (snorna), with a u-rich internal loop that hybridizes to and protects the pan rna poly(a) tail. the crystal structure of a complex between the 40-nucleotide ene core and ... | 2010 | 21109672 |
| reverse transfected cell microarrays in infectious disease research. | several human pathogenic viruses encode large genomes with often more than 100 genes. viral pathogenicity is determined by carefully orchestrated co-operative activities of several different viral genes which trigger the phenotypic functions of the infected cells. systematic analyses of these complex interactions require high-throughput transfection technology. here we have provided a laboratory manual for the reverse transfected cell microarray (rtcm; alternative name: cell chip) as a high-thro ... | 2011 | 21104058 |
| hla polymorphisms and detection of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus dna in saliva and peripheral blood among children and their mothers in the uganda sickle cell anemia kshv study. | abstract: kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv, also called human herpesvirus 8 or hhv8) is a γ-2 herpesvirus that causes kaposi sarcoma. kshv seroprevalence rates vary geographically with variable rates recorded in different sub sahara african countries, suggesting that effects of genetic and/or environmental factors may influence the risk of infection. one study conducted in south africa, where kshv seroprevalence is relatively low, found that carriage of human leukocyte antigen (hla) a ... | 2010 | 21087485 |
| risk factors influencing antibody responses to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent and lytic antigens in patients under antiretroviral therapy. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) seropositivity and lytic antibody titer are predictors for kaposi's sarcoma. | 2011 | 21084997 |
| tumor viruses and cancer biology: modulating signaling pathways for therapeutic intervention. | tumor viruses have provided relatively simple genetic systems, which can be manipulated for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the cellular transformation process. a growing body of information in the tumor virology field provides several prospects for rationally targeted therapies. however, further research is needed to better understand the multiple mechanisms utilized by these viruses in cancer progression in order to develop therapeutic strategies. initially viruses were believed to b ... | 2010 | 21084867 |
| the lytic activation of kshv during keratinocyte differentiation is dependent upon a suprabasal position, the loss of integrin engagement, and calcium, but not the interaction of cadherins. | we previously found that kshv (hhv-8) lytic activation occurs during differentiation of oral keratinocytes in organotypic raft cultures. to further investigate the spatial and temporal aspects of kshv lytic activation and the roles of integrins, cadherins, and calcium, we used rkshv.219-infected primary oral keratinocytes in submerged, suspension, and direct suprabasal plating, models of differentiation. we found that early keratinocyte differentiation did not activate lytic kshv in cells attach ... | 2010 | 21084105 |
| new drug targets in kaposi sarcoma. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) occurs as a result of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection, typically in the context of an immunodeficient state such as coinfection with hiv or transplantation. systemic treatment of ks has traditionally involved one of several chemotherapeutic agents either in combination or as single agents, which typically provides reasonable response rates and short-term control. however, recurrence of ks is common and progression-free intervals are short. for these rea ... | 2010 | 21043836 |
| getting the message direct manipulation of host mrna accumulation during gammaherpesvirus lytic infection. | the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily of herpesviruses comprises lymphotropic viruses, including the oncogenic human pathogens epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. during lytic infection, gammaherpesviruses manipulate host gene expression to optimize the cellular environment for viral replication and to evade the immune response. additionally, although a lytically infected cell will itself be killed in the process of viral replication, lytic infection can contribute to path ... | 2010 | 21040830 |
| pemphigus vulgaris and herpesviruses: is there any relationship? | pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder, which results from interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors. one of these environmental factors is viral infections particularly, herpesviruses. we aimed to detect the presence of hsv 1 and 2 (herpes simplex virus) and hhv8 (human herpesvirus 8) in our patients who were suffering from pemphigus vulgaris. | 2010 | 21038546 |
| detection of human herpesvirus 6 dna but not human herpesvirus 7 or 8 dna in atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic vascular tissues. | various viral infections are thought to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. a number of studies suggest that certain viruses from the herpesviridae family in particular may lead to atherosclerosis. | 2010 | 20961841 |
| mirnas in the pathogenesis of oncogenic human viruses. | tumor viruses are a class of pathogens with well established roles in the development of malignant diseases. numerous bodies of work have highlighted mirnas (micrornas) as critical regulators of tumor pathways and it is clear that the dysregulation of cellular mirna expression can promote tumor formation. tumor viruses encode their own mirnas and/or manipulate the expression of cellular mirnas to modulate their host cell environment, thereby facilitating their respective infection cycles. the mo ... | 2010 | 20943311 |
| whole-exome sequencing-based discovery of stim1 deficiency in a child with fatal classic kaposi sarcoma. | classic kaposi sarcoma (ks) is exceedingly rare in children from the mediterranean basin, despite the high prevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection in this region. we hypothesized that rare single-gene inborn errors of immunity to hhv-8 may underlie classic ks in childhood. we investigated a child with no other unusually severe infectious or tumoral phenotype who died from disseminated ks at two years of age. whole-exome sequencing in the patient revealed a homozygous splice-site muta ... | 2010 | 20876309 |
| identifying dysregulated genes induced by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). | currently ks is the most predominant hiv/aids related malignancy in southern africa and hence the world. it is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare b cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of pleural effusion lymphomas (pel) and some forms of multicentric castleman's disease. only 1-5% of cells in ks lesions actively support lytic replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the etiological agent associated with ks, ... | 2010 | 20864930 |
| immune evasion by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | persistent viral infections are often associated with serious diseases, primarily by altering functions of the host immune system. the hallmark of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection is the establishment of a life-long persistent infection, which leads to several clinical, epidemiological and infectious diseases, such as kaposi's sarcoma, a plasmablastic variant of multicentric castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. to sustain an efficient life-long persistency, ... | 2010 | 20860481 |
| micrornas encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus regulate viral life cycle. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is linked with kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas. the pathogenesis of kshv depends on the balance between two phases of the viral cycle: latency and lytic replication. in this study, we report that kshv-encoded micrornas (mirnas) function as regulators by maintaining viral latency and inhibiting viral lytic replication. mirnas are short, noncoding, small rnas that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of messenger rnas. of the 12 viral mirnas ... | 2010 | 20847741 |
| nf-κb as a target for oncogenic viruses. | nf-κb is a pivotal transcription factor that controls cell survival and proliferation in diverse physiological processes. the activity of nf-κb is tightly controlled through its cytoplasmic sequestration by specific inhibitors, iκbs. various cellular stimuli induce the activation of an iκb kinase, which phosphorylates iκbs and triggers their proteasomal degradation, causing nuclear translocation of activated nf-κb. under normal conditions, the activation of nf-κb occurs transiently, thus ensurin ... | 2011 | 20845110 |
| requirement of uap56, urh49, rbm15, and ott3 in the expression of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf57. | transport of mrna from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is mediated by cellular rna export factors. in this report, we examined how rna export factors uap56 and urh49, and rna export cofactors rbm15 and ott3, function in modulating kshv orf57 expression. we found that knockdown of each factor by rnai led to decreased orf57 expression. specifically, reduced expression of either uap56 or rbm15 led to nuclear export deficiency of orf57 rna. in the context of the kshv genome, the near absence of uap56 o ... | 2010 | 20828777 |
| rhesus rhadinovirus infection of rhesus fibroblasts occurs through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | rhesus rhadinovirus (rrv) is a gammaherpesvirus closely related to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), an oncogenic virus linked to the development of kaposi's sarcoma and several other lymphoproliferative diseases, including primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease. rrv naturally infects rhesus macaques and induces lymphoproliferative diseases under experimental conditions, making it an excellent model for the study of kshv. unlike kshv, which grows poorly in c ... | 2010 | 20826690 |
| monofunctional and polyfunctional cd8+ t cell responses to human herpesvirus 8 lytic and latency proteins. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is the etiological agent of kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric castleman's disease. it is postulated that cd8(+) t cell responses play an important role in controlling hhv-8 infection and preventing development of disease. in this study, we investigated monofunctional and polyfunctional cd8(+) t cell responses to hhv-8 lytic proteins gb (glycoprotein b) and k8.1 and latency proteins lana-1 (latency-associated nuclear antigen-1) and k12. on t ... | 2010 | 20719985 |
| endogenous cd317/tetherin limits replication of hiv-1 and murine leukemia virus in rodent cells and is resistant to antagonists from primate viruses. | human cd317 (bst-2/tetherin) is an intrinsic immunity factor that blocks the release of retroviruses, filoviruses, herpesviruses, and arenaviruses. it is unclear whether cd317 expressed endogenously in rodent cells has the capacity to interfere with the replication of the retroviral rodent pathogen murine leukemia virus (mlv) or, in the context of small-animal model development, contributes to the well-established late-phase restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). here, we sh ... | 2010 | 20702620 |
| the human cytomegalovirus microrna mir-ul112 acts synergistically with a cellular microrna to escape immune elimination. | although approximately 200 viral micrornas are known, only very few share similar targets with their host's micrornas. a notable example of this is the stress-induced ligand micb, which is targeted by several distinct viral and cellular micrornas. through the investigation of the microrna-mediated immune-evasion strategies of herpesviruses, we initially identified two new cellular micrornas that targeted micb and were expressed differently both in healthy tissues and during melanocyte transforma ... | 2010 | 20694010 |
| convergence of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reactivation with epstein-barr virus latency and cellular growth mediated by the notch signaling pathway in coinfected cells. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiologic agent of primary effusion lymphoma (pel). all pel cell lines are infected with kshv, and 70% are coinfected with epstein-barr virus (ebv). kshv reactivation from latency requires promoter-specific transactivation by the kshv rta protein through interactions with rbp-jk (csl), the cellular dna-binding component of the notch signal transduction pathway. ebv transformation of primary b cells requires ebv nuclear antigen 2 (ebna-2) to i ... | 2010 | 20686042 |
| characterization of entry and infection of monocytic thp-1 cells by kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv): role of heparan sulfate, dc-sign, integrins and signaling. | kshv effectively binds, enters and establishes infection in thp-1 cells with initial concurrent expression of latent orf73 and lytic orf50 genes and subsequent persistence of orf73. kshv genome persisted for 30 days and lytic cycle could be activated. kshv utilized heparan sulfate for binding to thp-1 cells and primary monocytes. blocking dc-sign did not inhibit kshv binding; however, virus entry in thp-1 cells and in primary monocytes was reduced. in addition to the previously identified integr ... | 2010 | 20674951 |
| bub1 and cenp-f can contribute to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome persistence by targeting lana to kinetochores. | the latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is critical for segregation of viral episomes to progeny nuclei and allows for maintenance of the viral genome in newly divided daughter cells. lana binds to kshv terminal repeat (tr) dna and simultaneously associates with chromatin-bound cellular proteins. this process tethers the viral episomes to host chromosomes. however, the mechanism of tethering is complex and involves multiple protein- ... | 2010 | 20660191 |
| patterns of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of human herpesvirus 8 in an endemic population and patients with kaposi's sarcoma in mozambique. | the patterns of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) were assessed using immunofluorescence assays of samples from 155 persons seropositive for hhv-8 seen at public health centers and 24 patients with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) from mozambique. of the 155 persons without ks, 48 (31%) had antibodies against latent antigens only, 29 (18.7%) had antibodies against lytic antigens only, and 78 (50.3%) had antibodies against both types of antigen. the hhv-8 antibody t ... | 2010 | 20648612 |
| cidofovir-loaded liposomes: an intro-study using bcbl-1 cell line as a model for primary effusion lymphoma. | cidofovir (hpmpc) was recently reported to exert a valuable antineoplastic activity against primary effusion lymphoma (pel), a b-cell neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection. in this study, we developed and characterized liposomes encapsulating hpmpc to increase drug efficacy reducing the administered dose and the related toxicity, which actually hamper its clinical therapeutic use in patients affected with pel. the liposomes, obtained using different formulations of neutr ... | 2010 | 20600876 |
| human herpes virus type 8 seroprevalence in pregnant women in geneva, switzerland. | because of increasing migration, european countries are facing new pathogens and diseases, such as human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8). we assessed the prevalence of hhv-8 using a new elisa test in 140 pregnant women delivering in geneva (switzerland). the prevalence of hhv-8 was 7.9% globally and up to 33.3% in the african subpopulation. seropositive women were more frequently older (≥32 years old) than seronegative ones: 81.8% vs. 43%; p = 0.023, respectively. in conclusion, hhv-8 infection is presen ... | 2011 | 20569167 |
| small rna profiling reveals antisense transcription throughout the kshv genome and novel small rnas. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a human tumor virus that encodes 12 precursor micrornas (pre-mirnas) that give rise to 17 different known approximately 22-nucleotide (nt) effector mirnas. like all herpesviruses, kshv has two modes of infection: (1) a latent mode whereby only a subset of viral genes are expressed and (2) a lytic mode during which the full remaining viral genes are expressed. to date, kshv mirnas have been mostly identified via analysis of cells that are undergoi ... | 2010 | 20566670 |
| prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 and hepatitis c virus in a rural community with a high risk for blood-borne infections in central china. | illegal blood donation in the past decade has caused human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) outbreaks in some rural areas in china. other hiv-associated virus infections, such as those caused by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8), in such areas are still not well defined. in order to explore hhv8 and hepatitis c virus (hcv) seroprevalence and potential risk factors in such areas, a cross-sectional study with 305 hiv-positive and 315 hiv-negative subjects recruited from a rural county in shanxi province was ... | 2011 | 20545961 |
| comparative study of murid gammaherpesvirus 4 infection in mice and in a natural host, bank voles. | gammaherpesviruses are archetypal pathogenic persistent viruses. the known human gammaherpesviruses (epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) are host-specific and therefore lack a convenient in vivo infection model. this makes related animal gammaherpesviruses an important source of information. infection by murid herpesvirus 4 (muhv-4), a virus originally isolated from bank voles (myodes glareolus), was studied here. muhv-4 infection of inbred laboratory mouse strains (m ... | 2010 | 20538905 |
| spindle cells from aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma lesions express telomerase activity that is enhanced by kaposi's sarcoma progression factors. | the activity of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein maintaining the length of chromosome ends (telomeres) to levels allowing cells to replicate indefinitely, is undetectable in normal, differentiated cells, is present at low levels in some activated cell types (including endothelial cells) and it is highly expressed by tumor cells. kaposi's sarcoma (ks), the most frequent tumor in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients (aids-ks), arises as a disorder of new blood vessel formation (angio ... | 2010 | 20514465 |
| the great escape: viral strategies to counter bst-2/tetherin. | the interferon-induced bst-2 protein has the unique ability to restrict the egress of hiv-1, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), ebola virus, and other enveloped viruses. the observation that virions remain attached to the surface of bst-2-expressing cells led to the renaming of bst-2 as "tetherin". however, viral proteins such as hiv-1 vpu, simian immunodeficiency virus nef, and kshv k5 counteract bst-2, thereby allowing mature virions to readily escape from infected cells. since th ... | 2010 | 20485522 |
| update on hhv-8-associated malignancies. | the human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is the oncogenic virus associated with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and lymphoproliferative disorders, namely, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease. ks is among the most common malignancies seen in hiv-infected patients despite the decreased incidence of ks in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. advances in molecular pathology reveal hhv-8 tumorigenesis is mediated through molecular mimicry wherein viral-encoded proteins can activat ... | 2010 | 20461118 |
| distinct profiles of antibodies to kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus antigens in patients with kaposi sarcoma, multicentric castleman disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. | antibody responses against lytic and latent kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus antigens were investigated in patients with ks, multicentric castleman disease (mcd), and primary effusion lymphoma. antibodies against the lytic antigen k8.1 were 5-fold higher in patients with mcd than those with ks, whereas antibodies to the sum of latent antigens v-cyclin and lana were 27-fold higher in patients with ks, compared with patients with mcd (p < 001). the sum of anti-v-cyclin and anti-lana anti ... | 2010 | 20443737 |
| induction, regulation, and biologic function of axl receptor tyrosine kinase in kaposi sarcoma. | axl is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase that plays multiple roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis of many cancers. this study is the first to demonstrate that axl is induced in kaposi sarcoma and kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) transformed endothelial cells. conditionally, expression of one kshv latency protein vflip induces axl expression in endothelial cells. this induction can be blocked by nuclear factor-kappab inhibitor, consistent with the known vflip mechanism of action. ks cell li ... | 2010 | 20442363 |