Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| angiogenic effects of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat protein and its role in the pathogenesis of aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma. | the tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 is a transactivator of viral gene expression that is required for virus replication and spread. moreover, tat is released by acutely hiv-infected cells via a leaderless secretory pathway and in a biologically active form that exerts effects on both hiv-infected and uninfected cells from different organs and systems. this review focuses on the activities of extracellular tat protein on endothelial cells, on angiogenesis, and on the path ... | 2002 | 11932235 |
| a kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesviral protein inhibits virus-mediated induction of type i interferon by blocking irf-7 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation. | interferons constitute the earliest immune response against viral infection. they elicit antiviral effects as well as multiple biological responses involved in cell growth regulation and immune activation. because the interferon-induced cellular antiviral response is the primary defense mechanism against viral infection, many viruses have evolved strategies to antagonize the inhibitory effects of interferon. here, we demonstrate a strategy that kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus uses to blo ... | 2002 | 11943871 |
| herpesvirus hijacks an integrin. | 2002 | 11944033 | |
| human herpesvirus 8 cytoviraemia rebound in a patient with kaposi's sarcoma after a short interruption of efficient antiretroviral therapy. | 2002 | 11953484 | |
| development of kaposi's sarcoma in a surgical wound. | 2002 | 11961149 | |
| emerging viral infections. | the past decade has witnessed the emergence of several significant viral pathogens and the further evolution of additional viral pathogens. transmitted by a variety of differing routes, these organisms have presented substantial intellectual challenges to medicine of the 20th and 21st centuries. as perhaps the benchmark pathogen of the past decade, hiv has provided medicine and society with a most formidable opponent, and one that has yet to be fully conquered. nonetheless, a variety of addition ... | 2001 | 11964867 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ox2 glycoprotein activates myeloid-lineage cells to induce inflammatory cytokine production. | kaposi's sarcoma is an inflammatory cytokine-mediated angioproliferative disease which is triggered by infection by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). kshv contains an open reading frame, k14, that has significant homology with cellular ox2, designated viral ox2 (vox2). in this report, we demonstrate that vox2 encodes a glycosylated cell surface protein with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kda. purified glycosylated vox2 protein dramatically stimulated primary monocytes, macrophage ... | 2002 | 11967286 |
| antitumorigenic effects of hiv protease inhibitor ritonavir: inhibition of kaposi sarcoma. | treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease inhibitors such as ritonavir can result in increases in cd4(+) t-cell counts that are independent of a reduction in hiv-1 viral load. this lack of correlation between the 2 has led to the identification of additional effects of ritonavir that potentially alter hiv disease pathogenesis. our previous studies indicated that ritonavir directly affects immune cell activation, proliferation, and susceptibility to apoptosis. we show ... | 2002 | 11986235 |
| kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus immune evasion strategies. | the battle between viruses and their hosts is beautiful in its complexity. the interplay between viral proteins and the immune system has taught researchers much about not just the virus, but also the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response. with additional evasion strategies constantly being described, this avenue of research is still rich with potential discoveries. in this review, we examine a number of proteins encoded by kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (hhv-8) and detail how they a ... | 2002 | 11991843 |
| antigenic open reading frames from hhv-8 are present in multiple myeloma patients and normal individuals at similar frequency. | it has been proposed that the absence of a humoral response to human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) in patients with multiple myeloma (mm) reflects strain variation or the mutation, or absence, of the antigenic regions of hhv-8 recognized in elisa screening tests. we therefore assessed dna sequence of three antigenic regions (orf65, orf73 and orfk8.1) and the transforming hypervariable k1 orf of hhv-8 in fresh bone marrow cells, bone marrow derived dendritic cells (dcs) and bone marrow stromal cells (bm ... | 2002 | 11999572 |
| reactivation of and primary infection with human herpesvirus 8 among solid-organ transplant recipients. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is the causal agent of all forms of kaposi's sarcoma, including the iatrogenic form that presents in solid-organ transplant recipients. a longitudinal study of hhv-8 seropositivity was conducted among a cohort consisting of children and adult solid-organ transplant recipients. antibodies to hhv-8 lytic proteins were detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay in serum samples of 100 transplant recipients. hhv-8 seropositivity increased significantly, from 5.3% be ... | 2002 | 12001040 |
| [bacillary angiomatosis in an adult infected with hiv-1 at an early stage of immunodepression in abidjan, côte d'ivoire]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated bacillary angiomatosis has rarely been described in africa. we report here the first case in côte d'ivoire. although in industrialised countries bacillary angiomatosis has been described in patients with low cd4 count, this episode occurred in the first year following hiv-seroconversion in an adult patient with more than 500 cd4 cells per cubic millimetre. symptoms rapidly and totally disappeared under erythromycin treatment, although with a relapse ... | 2002 | 12012962 |
| efficient infection by a recombinant kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus cloned in a bacterial artificial chromosome: application for genetic analysis. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is etiologically associated with kaposi's sarcoma and several other malignancies. the lack of an efficient infection system has impeded the understanding of kshv-related pathogenesis. a genetic approach was used to isolate infectious kshv. recombinant bacteria artificial chromosome (bac) kshv containing hygromycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (gfp) markers was generated by homologous recombination in kshv-infected bcbl-1 cells. recombina ... | 2002 | 12021352 |
| update on kaposi's sarcoma and other hhv8 associated diseases. part 1: epidemiology, environmental predispositions, clinical manifestations, and therapy. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a mesenchymal tumour involving blood and lymphatic vessels. only recently has the pathogenesis of this extraordinary neoplasm been elucidated. viral oncogenesis and cytokine-induced growth together with some state of immunocompromise represent important conditions for this tumour to develop. in 1994, a novel virus was discovered and termed human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8), also known as kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus, which can be found in all types of ks, whether re ... | 2002 | 12062994 |
| a seroprevalence study of human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv8) in eastern and central africa and in the mediterranean area. | human herpes virus type 8 (hhv8) is the major determinant of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), a neoplasm with wide geographic variations in incidence rates. to assess the prevalence of hhv8 infection among populations with differing rates of ks, we used sera from 1,402 persons (central africa: cameroon, n = 293, age range: 5-40; eastern africa: uganda, n = 315, age range: 1-64: mediterranean area: egypt, n = 236, age range: 13-19: italy, blood donors n = 134, age range: 20-67: italy. hiv seroconverters n ... | 2001 | 12081107 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type-1 activates lytic cycle replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus through induction of kshv rta. | human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection dramatically increases the risk of development of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in individuals infected with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). in a primary effusion lymphoma (pel) tissue culture model system, hiv-1 replication potently induced the lytic replication of kshv and led to the secretion of soluble factors capable of inducing lytic kshv replication in bystander cells. here we demonstrate that hiv induces kshv lytic replication ... | 2002 | 12083825 |
| detection of kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus dna sequences in pericardial fluid in a patient with multicentric castleman's disease. | 2002 | 12084108 | |
| elevated virus loads of kaposi's sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus 8 predict kaposi's sarcoma disease progression, but elevated levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 do not. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is found in kaposi's sarcoma (ks), multicentric castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphomas. to prospectively evaluate kshv load as a biomarker for ks clinical status and prognosis in a cohort of men with aids-related ks, 2 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were developed and tested to determine kshv peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) virus loads. most patients (13/15) with good-prognosis ks had < or =1.5 log kshv cop ... | 2002 | 12085319 |
| risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection in a cohort of drug users in the netherlands, 1985-1996. | to elucidate the mode of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) transmission in a population of amsterdam drug users, hhv-8 seroprevalence and seroincidence were determined in 1179 drug users in the amsterdam cohort studies (1985-1996). risk factors for hhv-8 infection were examined. serum samples were screened with an enzyme immunoassay by using hhv-8 lytic capsid (open-reading frame [orf] 65) and latent nuclear (orf73) antigens; positive results were confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence assay ... | 2002 | 12085330 |
| prognostic value of quantitative kaposi sarcoma--associated herpesvirus load in posttransplantation kaposi sarcoma. | organ transplant recipients have a higher risk of kaposi sarcoma (ks). a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to evaluate ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv) as a prognostic tool in transplant recipients with ks. forty-three patients who developed ks after transplantation were included in a cross-sectional study to correlate virus load with transplantation or ks parameters. seventeen patients (40%) had kshv viremia (>100 copies/microg of dna; median, 6067 copies/micr ... | 2002 | 12089670 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) contains two functional lytic origins of dna replication. | we used a transient-transfection replication assay to identify two functional copies of the human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) lytic origin of dna replication (orilyt). bclb-1 cells were transfected with hhv8 subgenomic fragments containing the putative lytic origin along with a plasmid expressing viral transactivator open reading frame (orf) 50. the hhv8 left-end orilyt (orilyt-l) lies between orfs k4.2 and k5 and is composed of a region encoding various transcription factor binding sites and an a+t-ri ... | 2002 | 12097603 |
| pathology of the breast associated with hiv/aids. | breast pathology that is characteristic of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has not been addressed in the literature. hiv may directly and indirectly affect the glandular, mesenchymal, and intramammary lymphoid tissue in seropositive patients. likely infections in this setting include tuberculous mastitis and pyogenic abscesses that may lead to fatal septicemia. benign stromal changes include gynecomastia, adipose tissue deposition as part of the fat maldistribution synd ... | 2002 | 12100117 |
| human herpesvirus 8 genome is not found in whole bone marrow core biopsy specimens of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. | recently, molecular evidence of the gamma herpesvirus, human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), was found in the nonmalignant bone marrow stromal cells of patients with multiple myeloma using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay. other investigators have been unable to confirm either the presence of hhv-8 using molecular techniques or serologic evidence of prior infection with hhv-8. in order to maximize the likelihood of detection of small quantities of the virus and minimize the risk of potential ... | 2002 | 12107558 |
| hhv-8 dna in blood and the development of hiv-associated kaposi's sarcoma in the era of haart--a prospective evaluation. | to explore the significance of hhv-8 viremia in hiv-positive individuals for the risk of developing kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2002 | 12117665 |
| human herpesvirus-8-positive body cavity-based lymphoma involving the atria of the heart: a case report. | we describe an unusual case of a body cavity-based lymphoma, otherwise termed primary effusion lymphoma (pel), involving the atria of the heart of an hiv-seropositive patient. this is the first reported case of the involvement of the heart by this rare lymphoma. this hiv-related lymphoma represents a distinct b-cell malignancy associated with human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection. it is characterized by involvement of body cavities, with infrequent evidence of organ or bone marrow infiltration. ... | 2002 | 12140131 |
| angiosarcoma in a chronically immunosuppressed renal transplant recipient: report of a case and review of the literature. | angiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors of endothelial origin that occur predominantly in the adult population. to date, only 12 cases have been described after renal transplantation. we review the literature and present an additional case of a 59-year-old patient in whom lower-extremity lesions of cutaneous angiosarcoma developed several years after transplantation. of the 13 patients, clinical details were available in only 12 cases. there were 10 male and 2 female patients. the mean age at di ... | 2002 | 12142614 |
| update on kaposi's sarcoma and other hhv8 associated diseases. part 2: pathogenesis, castleman's disease, and pleural effusion lymphoma. | the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is better understood since the identification of the novel human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8), which can be found in all forms of ks. viral oncogenesis and cytokine-induced growth, as well as some states of immunocompromise, contribute to its development. several virally encoded genes--eg, bcl-2, interleukin 6, cyclin d, g-protein-coupled receptor, and interferon regulatory factor--provide key functions on cellular proliferation and survival. growth promotion of ... | 2002 | 12144897 |
| human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) detected in two patients with kaposi's sarcoma-like pyogenic granuloma. | to report the finding of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) in two patients with kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-like pyogenic granuloma. this form of pyogenic granuloma closely resembles ks histologically and it has been reported that immunohistochemistry in such lesions may be positive for smooth muscle actin and factor viii related antigen, which are typically negative in ks. in both patients the lesions were positive for cd31, cd34, smooth muscle actin, and factor viii related antigen, a profile typical of k ... | 2002 | 12147659 |
| cutaneous destombes-rosai-dorfman disease: absence of detection of hhv-6 and hhv-8 in skin. | we report three new cases of cutaneous destombes-rosai-dorfman disease (drdd). two were skin-limited, and one was associated with systemic involvement. in all cases typical large s100 positive macrophages with emperipolesis were present, but different patterns were seen. a viral etiology has long been suspected in drdd. | 2002 | 12150132 |
| viral interferon regulatory factor 1 of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts with a cell death regulator, grim19, and inhibits interferon/retinoic acid-induced cell death. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) plays a significant role in the development of kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and some forms of multicentric castleman's disease. the kshv open reading frame k9 encodes the viral interferon (ifn) factor 1 (virf1), which downregulates ifn- and irf-mediated transcriptional activation, and leads to cellular transformation in rodent fibroblasts and induction of tumors in nude mice. using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified genes asso ... | 2002 | 12163600 |
| human herpesvirus 8 reactivation and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is the presumed etiologic agent of kaposi sarcoma (ks), the most common neoplasm in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. current evidence indicates hhv-8 is necessary, but not sufficient, for ks development without the involvement of other cofactors. one potentially important cofactor is human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). although hiv-1 is not essential for development of ks, studies have shown factors released from hiv-1-infected cells, includi ... | 2002 | 12171492 |
| the epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in uganda. | as part of a larger investigation of cancer in uganda, we conducted a case-control study of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in adults presenting at hospitals in kampala. participants were interviewed about social and lifestyle factors and had blood tested for antibodies to hiv, kshv and hpv-16, -18 and -45. the odds of each factor among 60 people with conjunctival cancer was compared to that among 1214 controls with other cancer sites or types, using odds ratios, estimated with unconditiona ... | 2002 | 12177799 |
| transcription mapping and expression patterns of genes in the major immediate-early region of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | viral immediate-early (ie) genes are the first class of viral genes expressed during primary infection or reactivation from latency. they usually encode regulatory proteins that play crucial roles in viral life cycle. in a previous study, four regions in the kshv genome were found to be actively transcribed in the immediate-early stage of viral reactivation in primary effusion lymphoma cells. three immediate-early transcripts were characterized in these regions, as follows: mrnas for orf50 (kie- ... | 2002 | 12202233 |
| human herpesvirus-8-associated lymphoma of the bowel in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients without history of primary effusion lymphoma. | this report describes two cases of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8)-associated large cell lymphoma of the bowel in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive men. immunohistochemistry provides evidence of hhv-8 infection of the lymphoma cells (lna1+, vil-6+). in both cases, lymphoma cells were coinfected by the epstein-barr virus. one case was of b-cell lineage, but the second one was of null phenotype with isolated expression of the cd3 molecule. however, in the latter case, assessment of b- or t-c ... | 2002 | 12203218 |
| development of real-time nasba assays with molecular beacon detection to quantify mrna coding for hhv-8 lytic and latent genes. | human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) is linked to the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), and the hhv-8 dna load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) is associated with the clinical stage of ks. to examine the expression of hhv-8 in pbmc, four hhv-8 mrna specific nasba assays were developed | 2002 | 12207829 |
| kinetics of expression of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (rrv) and identification and characterization of a polycistronic transcript encoding the rrv orf50/rta, rrv r8, and r8.1 genes. | rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (rrv) is a close relative of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; human herpesvirus 8). rrv serves as an in vitro and an in vivo model for kshv, and the mapping of its transcription program during lytic replication is significant since it represents de novo infection in the absence of stimulation with phorbol esters. further, the rrv lytic system facilitates the making of recombinant viruses, and hence transcription profiling of the wild-type virus is importa ... | 2002 | 12208960 |
| detection of human herpesvirus 8 dna in serum from blood donors with hhv-8 antibodies indicates possible bloodborne virus transmission. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is associated with kaposi's sarcoma. there is a high seroprevalence of hhv-8 in several african countries, but the transmission route is not known definitively. in this study 174 serum samples from blood donors in tanzania were examined by immunofluorescence assays detecting antibodies to latent and lytic hhv-8 antigens. real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detection and quantification of hhv-8 dna in serum. in all, 83/174 (48%) of the subjects had antibod ... | 2002 | 12210417 |
| no association between langerhans cell histiocytosis and human herpes virus 8. | 2002 | 12210448 | |
| development of kaposi's sarcoma at the site of a biopsy. | 2002 | 12213952 | |
| demonstration of human herpesvirus 8 in a case of primary vaginal epithelioid angiosarcoma by in situ hybridization, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction. | we demonstrate the presence of human herpesvirsus 8 (hhv-8) in a primary vaginal location of angiosarcoma (as) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in situ hybridization, and ultrastructural direct visualization of viral particles. the latter two techniques for the first time confirm hhv-8 detection in an as by pcr; these results contribute to the debate caused by the controversial data produced by the almost exclusive use of pcr for investigating the possible presence of hhv-8 in as, and its pos ... | 2002 | 12218453 |
| quantification of human herpesvirus 8 by real-time pcr in blood fractions of aids patients with kaposi's sarcoma and multicentric castleman's disease. | few studies have assessed human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) viremia levels in different hhv8-related pathologies, using sensitive and reproducible molecular assays. our objective was to compare the hhv8 dna load in serial blood samples (collected every 3 months for 1 year) from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). the hhv8 viral load was determined in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and plasma fractions, ... | 2002 | 12226828 |
| the seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in the thai population. | the seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infection in the thai population was investigated. sera from 1,018 human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1)-negative and 436 hiv-1-positive individuals were tested for antibodies to latent and lytic hhv-8 antigens by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using mixed recombinant orf hhv-8 proteins. the positive sera were further tested with recombinant hhv-8 protein expressed 293t cells by ifa. the ... | 2002 | 12236428 |
| [human herpesvirus-8 detection in kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphoproliferative syndromes occurring in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients]. | background: the purposes of this study were: to study the presence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) in different kaposi's sarcoma (ks) epidemiological groups, multiple myeloma (mm), and immunodeficiency-associated lymphoid proliferations; to investigate the potential sexual transmission of hhv-8 by analyzing its presence in women from the general population, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive women, and prostitutes; and to establish a reliable and efficient pcr strategy for the detect ... | 2002 | 12236982 |
| chronic lymphadenopathies and human herpes virus type 8. | human herpes virus type 8 (hhv-8) is predominantly associated with kaposi's sarcoma. nothing is known about its manifestation in primary infection. we report an hiv-negative patient with chronic polyadenitis and lymphocytosis that may have been related to a primary hhv-8 infection. | 2002 | 12238583 |
| functional dissection of latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus involved in latent dna replication and transcription of terminal repeats of the viral genome. | latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 (lana1) of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is implicated in the maintenance of the viral genome during latent infection. lana1 colocalizes with kshv episomes on the host chromosome and mediates their maintenance by attaching these viral structures to host chromosomes. data from long-term selection of drug resistance in cells conferred by plasmids containing the terminal repeat (tr) sequence of kshv revealed that kshv trs and lana1 act as cis an ... | 2002 | 12239308 |
| the oncogenic potential of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus cyclin is exposed by p53 loss in vitro and in vivo. | expression of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) cyclin d homolog, k cyclin, is thought to contribute to viral oncogenesis. we show that k cyclin expression in primary cells sensitizes to apoptosis and induces growth arrest, both of which are dependent on p53 but independent of e2f1 or p19(arf). dna synthesis, but not cytokinesis, continues in k cyclin-expressing cells, leading to multinucleation and polyploidy. such polyploid cells exhibit pronounced centrosome amplification and ... | 2002 | 12242155 |
| tracking familial transmission of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of latent nuclear antigen. | intra-familial transmission of kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) is likely to occur in geographical regions where kshv infection is highly endemic. transmission has been studied previously indirectly using serological techniques, however direct documentation of specific transmission routes has yet to be reported. the internal repeat domain (ird) of the kshv opening reading frame (orf) 73 was shown previously to exhibit restriction-fragment length polymorphism (rflp). analysis of suc ... | 2002 | 12270662 |
| aids epidemic sparks campaign to encourage condom use. | the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is fueling a campaign that encourages use of the condom to combat the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. condom use is being advocated even when one partner is practicing another form of contraception. the threat of aids has spread beyond the original risk groups -- homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug users, and transfusion recipients -- to include heterosexual men and women. researchers from the centers for disease control said a ... | 1985 | 12280299 |
| a case-control study of hiv-1-related dementia and co-infection with hhv-8. | this nested case-control study assessed the putative protective effect of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) against hiv-1-related dementia (dementia). the hhv-8 seropositivity of 210 male age- and hiv disease stage-matched cases and controls was compared. the overall hhv-8 seropositivity of 66% was similar among demented hiv-infected cases and nondemented hiv-infected controls. | 2002 | 12297590 |
| assessment of a combined testing strategy for detection of antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) in persons with kaposi's sarcoma, persons with asymptomatic hhv-8 infection, and persons at low risk for hhv-8 infection. | the performance of a human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) enzyme immunoassay (eia) and selective subsequent use of an hhv-8 immunofluorescence assay (ifa) was tested in persons unlikely to be infected with hhv-8 and those who had hhv-8 detected in their saliva. the ifa was performed on samples within a range of eia optical densities (0.15 to 0.35) where there was considerable overlap between hhv-8-infected and uninfected individuals. the sensitivity of the testing strategy was 88%, with a specificity of ... | 2002 | 12354890 |
| lessons from viral manipulation of protein disposal pathways. | 2002 | 12370262 | |
| musculoskeletal manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | musculoskeletal manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are common and are sometimes the initial presentation of the disease. knowledge of the conditions affecting muscle, bone, and joints in hiv-infected patients is essential for successful management. myopathies may be caused by pyogenic infection (eg, pyomyositis), idiopathic inflammation (eg, polymyositis), or drug effect (eg, azt myopathy). characteristic skeletal infections, such as tuberculosis and bacillary angiomatosis, ... | 2002 | 12374482 |
| pyothorax-associated large b-cell lymphoma: case report with emphasis on the potential diagnostic challenge. | a rare case of pyothorax-associated large b-cell lymphoma occurring in hong kong is reported. the patient was a 64-year-old chinese male who presented with shortness of breath and pleuritic pain. radiological examination revealed left pleural thickening associated with bilateral pleural effusion. open biopsy of the thickened parietal pleura revealed occasional large malignant lymphoid cells of b lineage admixed with fibrin and hyalinised fibrous tissue. these lymphoma cells were shown to harbour ... | 2002 | 12376714 |
| the herpesvirus saimiri open reading frame 73 gene product interacts with the cellular protein p32. | the role of the gamma-2 herpesvirus open reading frame (orf) 73 gene product has become the focus of considerable interest. it has recently been shown that the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) is expressed during a latent infection and can modulate both viral and cellular gene expression. the herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) orf 73 gene product has some sequence homology to lana; however, the role of hvs orf 73 is unknown. we have previously demon ... | 2002 | 12388722 |
| [detection of hhv8 latent nuclear antigen by immunohistochemistry. a new tool for differentiating kaposi's sarcoma from its mimics]. | the purpose of this work was to study the value of hhv8 latent nuclear antigen 1 detection by immunohistochemistry in kaposi sarcoma and its mimics. | 2002 | 12410149 |
| complete genomic sequence of an epstein-barr virus-related herpesvirus naturally infecting a new world primate: a defining point in the evolution of oncogenic lymphocryptoviruses. | callitrichine herpesvirus 3 (calhv-3) was isolated from a b-cell lymphoma arising spontaneously in the new world primate callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset. partial genomic sequence analysis definitively identified calhv-3 as a member of the epstein-barr virus (ebv)-related lymphocryptovirus (lcv) genus and extended the known host range of lcvs beyond humans and old world nonhuman primates. we have now completed the first genomic sequence of an lcv infecting a new world primate by describin ... | 2002 | 12414947 |
| [detection of human herpes virus 8 in kaposi sarcoma using polymerase chain reaction and single stranded probe in situ hybridization with a tyramide signal amplification system]. | to study the relationship between kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and human herpes virus 8 (hhv8; kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus), and to develop an in situ hybridization (ish) technique effective for clinical pathological diagnosis. | 2002 | 12417086 |
| microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens. | the detection of viral pathogens is of critical importance in biology, medicine, and agriculture. unfortunately, existing techniques to screen for a broad spectrum of viruses suffer from severe limitations. to facilitate the comprehensive and unbiased analysis of viral prevalence in a given biological setting, we have developed a genomic strategy for highly parallel viral screening. the cornerstone of this approach is a long oligonucleotide (70-mer) dna microarray capable of simultaneously detec ... | 2002 | 12429852 |
| [acute vesicular eruption over the trunk]. | 2002 | 12433356 | |
| kaposi's sarcoma and human chorionic gonadotropin: mechanisms, moieties and mysteries. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a highly angiogenic neoplasm associated with infection by the human gamma-herpesvirus, hhv-8 or kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (kshv). when in 1872 the hungarian scientist moritz kaposi described the sarcoma, which was later named after him, he was dealing with a rare dermatologic disease. today, ks is a more common pathology due to its high incidence in aids, in immuno-suppressed transplantation patients and, in its endemic form, in africa. the introduction of highly act ... | 2002 | 12437123 |
| human herpesvirus 8 investigations: a role in the clinical management of kaposi's sarcoma? | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a vascular tumour associated with infection by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8). most of the recent studies on ks have focused on the epidemiology and molecular biology of hhv-8. however, the contribution of virological investigations into hhv-8 to the clinical management of ks has been poorly evaluated so far. from a diagnostic point of view, hhv-8 currently appears as a useful tool for distinguishing ks from its mimics. seroconversion to antibodies against hhv-8 may predict ... | 2002 | 12444327 |
| prospective study of the effects of antiretroviral therapy on kaposi sarcoma--associated herpesvirus infection in patients with and without kaposi sarcoma. | to investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on circulating kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv) load in hiv-infected individuals with and without ks. | 2002 | 12447008 |
| isolated pleural ptld after cardiac transplantation. | preamble: epstein-barr virus infection (ebv) and immunosuppression promote emergence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (ptld) in patients undergoing organ transplantation. | 2002 | 12459436 |
| human herpesvirus-8 infection in hemodialysis patients from eastern taiwan--hualien. | human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) is the causative agent in kaposi's sarcoma (ks). uremic or hemodialysis patients are known to be highly susceptible to viral infection, and may be at increased risk of developing ks from the increased risk of exposure to hhv-8 infection. we collected 77 serum samples from hemodialysis patients and 207 serum samples from blood donors. serum samples were tested for hhv-8-specific immunoglobulin g by immunofluorescence assay. fifteen of 77 hemodialysis patients (19.5%) h ... | 2002 | 12476682 |
| the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor has broad signaling effects in primary effusion lymphoma cells. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/human herpesvirus 8 [hhv-8]) is a gamma-2-herpesvirus responsible for kaposi's sarcoma as well as primary effusion lymphoma (pel). kshv is a lymphotropic virus that has pirated many mammalian genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle control, and angiogenesis. among these is the early lytic viral g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr), a homologue of the human interleukin-8 (il-8) receptor. when expressed, vgpcr is constitutively active and can signal v ... | 2003 | 12477810 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-pkc-zeta-mek-erk signaling pathway in target cells early during infection: implications for infectivity. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is implicated in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma. hhv-8 envelope glycoprotein b (gb) possesses the rgd motif known to interact with integrin molecules, and hhv-8 infectivity was inhibited by rgd peptides, by antibodies against alpha3 and beta1 integrins, and by soluble alpha3beta1 integrin (s. m. akula, n. p. pramod, f.-z. wang, and b. chandran, cell 108:407-419, 2002). anti-gb antibodies immunoprecipitated the virus alpha3 and beta1 complexes, and virus-binding ... | 2003 | 12502866 |
| dissolution of the lymphoid follicle is a feature of the hhv8+ variant of plasma cell castleman's disease. | the plasma cell variant of castleman's disease (pcd) may occur in a variety of clinical settings. one recently delineated type of pcd is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) infection. lymph nodes from 25 patients with pcd, including six hhv8+ and 19 hhv8- cases, were studied. three patients with hhv8+ pcd were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1. features common to all cases were interfollicular plasmacytosis and variably hyperplastic and regressed follicle germinal centers. featu ... | 2003 | 12502931 |
| a g protein-coupled receptor encoded by rhesus rhadinovirus is similar to orf74 of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | rhesus rhadinovirus (rrv) is a gamma-2 herpesvirus and is the rhesus macaque homologue of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), also known as kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. dna sequence analysis of rrv indicates that it shares numerous open reading frames (orfs) with hhv-8, including one (orf74) encoding a seven-transmembrane-spanning g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) with similarity to cellular chemokine receptors. examination of the predicted amino acid sequence of rrv orf74 reveals that it e ... | 2003 | 12525607 |
| aids-related malignancies. | immunodeficiency alters the risk of cancer. specific types of immune dysfunction are associated with different tumor risks, but most tumors are related to oncogenic viruses. in acquired immunodeficiency due to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hiv itself rarely directly causes cancer; rather, it provides the immunologic background against which other viruses can escape immune control and induce tumors. the most common malignancies are kaposi's sarcoma and non-hodgkin's lymphoma. this chapt ... | 2003 | 12525676 |
| risk factors for kaposi's sarcoma in men seropositive for both human herpesvirus 8 and human immunodeficiency virus. | to identify risk factors for kaposi's sarcoma (ks) among men seropositive for both human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) and hiv. | 2003 | 12545082 |
| [management of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). report of an expert group]. | 2002 | 12545131 | |
| kaposi's sarcoma-like tumors in a human herpesvirus 8 orf74 transgenic mouse. | the product of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) open reading frame 74 (orf74) is related structurally and functionally to cellular chemokine receptors. orf74 activates several cellular signaling pathways in the absence of added ligands, and nih 3t3 cells expressing orf74 are tumorigenic in nude mice. we have generated a line of transgenic (tg) mice with orf74 driven by the simian virus 40 early promoter. a minority (approximately 30%) of the tg mice, including the founder, developed tumors resembling ... | 2003 | 12552002 |
| the latency-associated nuclear antigen of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus permits replication of terminal repeat-containing plasmids. | the latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus can associate with mitotic chromosomes and promote latent episome maintenance and segregation. here we report that lana also mediates the replication of plasmid dnas bearing viral terminal repeats. the predicted secondary structure of lana's c terminus reveals striking similarity to the known structure of the dna-binding domain of epstein-barr virus ebna1, despite the absence of primary sequence homology bet ... | 2003 | 12552022 |
| review of the distribution of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) in africa in relation to the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma. | in the years before human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma varied markedly across the african continent, and it was a disease primarily affecting men. in contrast, the evidence reviewed here shows that the causal virus-kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv)-is prevalent in many african countries, including places where kaposi's sarcoma was almost unknown before hiv, and that it is as common in women as in men. therefore, the geographical distribut ... | 2003 | 12556950 |
| hhv 8 seroprevalence and transmission within albanian family groups. | the recently discovered human herpesvirus 8 (hhv 8) is associated with all clinical forms of kaposi's sarcoma. while early research suggested that the virus was transmitted sexually and that it was present only in ks patients, more recent studies seem to show that infection with the virus is more common than once thought, presenting differing distribution patterns in different geographical areas. in this study we analyze seroprevalence and transmission of hhv 8 in a sample of 86 family groups fr ... | 2003 | 12578305 |
| human herpesvirus 8: is it time for routine surveillance in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients to prevent the development of kaposi's sarcoma? | 2003 | 12581319 | |
| c-mir, a human e3 ubiquitin ligase, is a functional homolog of herpesvirus proteins mir1 and mir2 and has similar activity. | kaposi's sarcoma associated-herpes virus encodes two proteins, mir (modulator of immune recognition) 1 and 2, which are involved in the evasion of host immunity. mir1 and 2 have been shown to function as an e3 ubiquitin ligase for immune recognition-related molecules (e.g. major histocompatibility complex class i, b7-2, and icam-1) through the bks (bovine herpesvirus 4, kaposi's sarcoma associated-herpes virus, and swinepox virus) subclass of plant homeodomain (phd) domain, termed the bks-phd do ... | 2003 | 12582153 |
| human herpesvirus 8 envelope glycoprotein b mediates cell adhesion via its rgd sequence. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) or kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, implicated in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma, utilizes heparan sulfate-like molecules to bind the target cells via its envelope-associated glycoproteins gb and gpk8.1a. hhv-8-gb possesses the arg-gly-asp (rgd) motif, the minimal peptide region of many proteins known to interact with subsets of host cell surface integrins. hhv-8 utilizes alpha3beta1 integrin as one of the receptors for its entry into the target cells vi ... | 2003 | 12584338 |
| infection with human herpesvirus type 8 and kaposi's sarcoma in a central italian area formerly endemic for malaria. | to estimate the prevalence of infection with human herpes virus type 8 (hhv8) and the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma among hhv8-infected individuals, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study in latina. this area of central italy was formerly endemic for malaria and it is now covered by a population-based cancer registry. | 2003 | 12590333 |
| posttransplantation kaposi sarcoma-experience in a patient receiving fk-506 and mmf. | 2003 | 12591389 | |
| factors associated with human herpesvirus type 8 infection in an injecting drug user cohort. | human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) has been infrequently studied in injecting drug user (idu) populations. | 2003 | 12616135 |
| three-dimensional localization of porf65 in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus capsid. | of the six herpesvirus capsid proteins, the smallest capsid proteins (scps) share the least sequence homology among herpesvirus family members and have been implicated in virus specificity during infection. the herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) scp was shown to be horn shaped and to specifically bind the upper domain of each major capsid protein in hexons but not in pentons. in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the protein encoded by the orf65 gene (porf65) is the putative scp but its ... | 2003 | 12634386 |
| viral coinfections among african children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | city-dwelling children from kenya who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were tested for coinfection with cytomegalovirus (cmv), human t cell lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2, kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), or hepatitis b, c, and g viruses. all children were found to be coinfected with cmv, whereas 5% had hepatitis g virus coinfection and 15% had kshv coinfection. a protective role for hepatitis g virus cannot be excluded but likely affects only a minority ... | 2003 | 12652394 |
| detection of hhv-8 sequences and antigens in a malt lymphoma associated with sjögren's syndrome. | we describe the case of a bilateral parotid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma associated with 2 years history of sjögren's syndrome (ss), which was linked to human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) infection. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay hhv-8 sequences were detectable in the lymphoma tissue of both sides. serologic testing of the patient revealed hhv-8 antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunofluorescence assay (ifa). immunohistologic staining with t ... | 2003 | 12653865 |
| seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 among injection drug users in san francisco. | the association between injection drug use and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) was examined to investigate bloodborne transmission of the virus. in all, 1905 injection drug users (idus) enrolled in a cross-sectional study were tested for k8.1 antibodies to hhv-8 lytic antigen. logistic regression was used to adjust for demographic and sexual behavior variables. hhv-8 seroprevalence was 10% among women, 10% among heterosexual men, and 23% among men who have sex with men. in adjusted analyses, hhv-8 s ... | 2003 | 12660944 |
| hhv-8 dna sequences in the peripheral blood and skin lesions of an hiv-negative patient with multiple eruptive dermatofibromas: implications for the detection of hhv-8 as a diagnostic marker for kaposi's sarcoma. | multiple eruptive dermatofibroma (medf) is a rare disorder seen in immunocompromised patients, simulating kaposi's sarcoma (ks). whereas ks is strongly associated with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), the virus has never been detected in medf until now. | 2003 | 12673078 |
| cross-talk between human herpesvirus 8 and the transactivator protein in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma in hiv-infected patients. | aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma (aks) is particularly aggressive and it is one of the principal neoplasms in regions of africa affected by both high endemic hhv8 and epidemic hiv infection. in this study, serum samples from 18 patients with kaposi's sarcoma from tanzania, mostly males (n = 15 vs 3), were subjected to analysis with respect to hhv8-dna load and antibody spectrum against the hiv-1 tat protein. of the 18 patients, 14 were hiv-1-positive. the median hhv8 virus load in the hiv-1-posi ... | 2003 | 12680174 |
| hyaline vascular castleman's disease: a case report and brief review of the literature. | we describe a 27-year-old female with a mesenterial localisation of the hyaline vascular type of castleman's disease. a review of the literature is given with emphasis on the different pathogenesis of the subtypes. the hyaline vascular type is a disorder of stromal cells, which can be complicated by the development of soft tissue sarcomas. the plasma cell type is a plasma cell disorder with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (il-6). in the multicentric type, infection with human herpes virus-8 (hh ... | 2002 | 12685494 |
| pathogenesis and manifestations of human herpesvirus-8-associated disorders. | human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8), a recently discovered oncogenic human virus, is consistently associated with kaposi's sarcoma (ks), primary effusion lymphoma (pel), and multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). these disorders occur more frequently, but not exclusively, in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals, and exhibit more aggressive clinical courses when developing in the setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). one of the most intriguing aspects of hhv-8-related ... | 2003 | 12704591 |
| kaposi's sarcoma: aetiopathogenesis, histology and clinical features. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) represents today one of the most common skin cancers in transplanted mediterranean subjects and, since the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, in young unmarried single men. the disease has been associated with the recent identified human herpesvirus (hhv)-8 or ks herpesvirus and its incidence in the general population shows a north to south gradient that parallels the hhv-8 increasing prevalence from nordic countries to sub-saharan ... | 2003 | 12705742 |
| [neoplastic manifestations of hiv infection]. | the incidence of malignancies has increased in conjunction with epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease and they are currently considered acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining conditions. approximately 40% of all patients with aids have developed cancer during the course of hiv infections. further, as survival has improved in hiv disease, the incidence of these malignancies has increased. the main malignancies noted are kaposi's sarcoma, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, hodgki ... | 2003 | 12708185 |
| relationship of kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus viremia and ks disease in zimbabwe. | the relationship between kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) viremia and ks disease was investigated in 500 subjects who received treatment in harare, zimbabwe. subjects were grouped by results of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 serological tests, ks diagnosis, and ks clinical stage. the plasma kshv dna concentration was associated with concomitant ks and hiv-1 infection (aids-ks; p<.001) and aids-ks clinical stage (p=.01). plasma kshv dna levels were greater in aids-ks than i ... | 2003 | 12715309 |
| kaposi's sarcoma--an update. | 2003 | 12716490 | |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic origin (ori-lyt)-dependent dna replication: identification of the ori-lyt and association of k8 bzip protein with the origin. | herpesviruses utilize different origins of replication during lytic versus latent infection. latent dna replication depends on host cellular dna replication machinery, whereas lytic cycle dna replication requires virally encoded replication proteins. in lytic dna replication, the lytic origin (ori-lyt) is bound by a virus-specified origin binding protein (obp) that recruits the core replication machinery. in this report, we demonstrated that dna sequences in two noncoding regions of the kaposi's ... | 2003 | 12719550 |
| the latency-associated nuclear antigen homolog of herpesvirus saimiri inhibits lytic virus replication. | herpesvirus saimiri (hvs), a t-lymphotropic tumor virus of neotropical primates, and the kaposi's sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus 8 (kshv) belong to the gamma-(2)-herpesvirus (rhadinovirus) subfamily and share numerous features of genome structure and organization. the kshv latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) protein appears to be relevant for viral persistence, latency, and transformation. it binds to dna, colocalizes with viral episomal dna, and presumably mediates efficient persist ... | 2003 | 12719584 |
| split genes and their expression in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | a split or interrupted gene is defined as a gene consisting of introns and exons. removal (splicing) of the intron(s) from a primary transcript (pre-mrna) is essential for creating a mrna. initial assignment of a potential protein coding region in the kshv genome was based on the initiation codon context and predicted protein size larger than 100 amino acids, but the gene discontinuity was disregarded. experimental investigation of the assigned orfs has demonstrated that there are up to 25 split ... | 2003 | 12740832 |
| host range of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in cultured cells. | difficulties in efficiently propagating kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) in culture have generated the impression that the virus displays a narrow host range. here we show that, contrary to expectation, kshv can establish latent infection in many adherent cell lines, including human and nonhuman cells of epithelial, endothelial, and mesenchymal origin. (paradoxically, the only lines in which we have not observed successful latent infection are cultured lymphoma cell lines.) in most ... | 2003 | 12743304 |
| immunoblastic lymphoma in persons with aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma: a role for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, the viral agent of kaposi's sarcoma, is associated with two lymphoproliferative disorders: primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease. to identify other lymphoproliferative conditions linked with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, we studied non-hodgkin's lymphomas arising in individuals with aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma. formalin-fixed tissues from 24 such lymphomas were examined. as expected, two primary effusion lymphomas ... | 2003 | 12748248 |
| natural killer cell-type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active epstein-barr virus infection. | we describe a 69-year-old female who developed natural killer cell-type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active epstein-barr virus (caebv) infection. examination of the patient's pleural effusion revealed large abnormal lymphocytes, which were cd2(+), cd7(+), cd30(+), cd56(+), cd3(-), and cd4(-). no rearrangement of t cell receptor genes was detected. clonal proliferation of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-infected cells in pleural effusion was demonstrated by southern blot hybridization analysis ... | 2003 | 12749015 |
| causality or coincidence: may the slow disappearance of helminths be responsible for the imbalances in immune control mechanisms? | intestinal infection continues to be a problem worldwide and helminths, which currently infect billions of individuals, are primary culprits. the major burden of disease falls on the populations of developing countries, given that over the last four to five decades helminth infections are disappearing in industrialized societies. in developing countries, a major source of immunomodulatory signals in post-natal life are parasites, particularly helminths, which, unlike most bacteria and viruses, s ... | 2003 | 12756068 |