| inhibition of heat shock protein expression by helicobacter pylori. | heat shock proteins (hsps) are primarily known as molecular chaperones that are induced by cell stress and prevent protein aggregation and facilitate folding. recent evidence suggests that exposure of cells to microbial pathogens can also induce hsps, which then modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. paradoxically, helicobacter pylori has been found to decrease expression of hsps. we sought to investigate this phenomenon further and to examine the role of different h. pylori strains ... | 2009 | 19683049 |
| elevated serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -7 in h. pylori-related gastric cancer can be biomarkers correlating with a poor survival. | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), which may be involved in chronic inflammation, ulceration, and even cancer development. this study aimed to test if serum levels of mmp-3, -7, and -9 are correlated with different clinical outcomes in h. pylori-infected subjects and if these are predictive of progression to h. pylori-related gastric cancer. | 2010 | 19690958 |
| helicobacter pylori hp(2-20) promotes migration and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells by interacting with formyl peptide receptors in vitro and accelerates gastric mucosal healing in vivo. | helicobacter pylori-derived peptide rpl1 aa 2-20 (hp(2-20)) in addition to its antimicrobial action exerts several immunomodulatory effects in eukaryotic cells by interacting with formyl peptide receptors (fprs). it has recently been shown that activation of fprs facilitates intestinal epithelial cell restitution. we investigated whether hp(2-20) induces healing of injured gastric mucosa and assessed the mechanisms underlying any such effect. we investigated the expression of fprs in two gastric ... | 2009 | 19692643 |
| promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes in early gastric adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions. | promoter hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of gene silencing in human cancers including gastric cancer. to date, several reports on methylation of various genes in gastric cancer have been published. however, most of these studies have focused on cancer tissues or only a single gene. in this study, we determined the methylation frequency of 5 genes, including p16, runx3, mgmt, dapk, and rassf1a, by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, in a series of formalin-fixed paraffin- ... | 2009 | 19695681 |
| helicobacter pylori sequences reflect past human migrations. | the long association between the stomach bacterium helicobacter pylori and humans, in combination with its predominantly within-family transmission route and its exceptionally high dna sequence diversity, make this bacterium a reliable marker for discerning both recent and ancient human population movements. as much of the diversity in h. pylori sequences is generated by recombination and mutation on a local scale, the partitioning of h. pylori sequences from a large globally distributed data se ... | 2009 | 19696494 |
| helicobacter pylori typing as a tool for tracking human migration. | helicobacter pylori strains from different geographic areas exhibit clear phylogeographical differentiation; therefore, the genotypes of h. pylori strains can serve as markers for the migration of human populations. currently, the genotypes of two virulence factors of h. pylori, caga and vaca, and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) are widely used markers for genomic diversity within h. pylori populations. there are two types of caga: the east asian type and the western type. in addition, the rig ... | 2009 | 19702588 |
| effect of helicobacter pylori eradication on incidence of gastric cancer in human and animal models: underlying biochemical and molecular events. | gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. a strong association exists between helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of developing noncardia gastric cancer. h. pylori eradication by antibiotic treatment is regarded as a primary chemoprevention strategy to reduce gastric cancer incidence. | 2009 | 19702845 |
| evidence for transepithelial dendritic cells in human h. pylori active gastritis. | despite extensive experimental investigation stressing the importance of bacterial interaction with dendritic cells (dcs), evidence regarding direct interaction of helicobacter pylori or its virulence products with dcs in the human gastric mucosa is lacking. | 2009 | 19702851 |
| helicobacter pylori moves through mucus by reducing mucin viscoelasticity. | the ulcer-causing gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori is the only bacterium known to colonize the harsh acidic environment of the human stomach. h. pylori survives in acidic conditions by producing urease, which catalyzes hydrolysis of urea to yield ammonia thus elevating the ph of its environment. however, the manner in which h. pylori is able to swim through the viscoelastic mucus gel that coats the stomach wall remains poorly understood. previous rheology studies on gastric mucin, the key vi ... | 2009 | 19706518 |
| neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal/lcn2) is upregulated in gastric mucosa infected with helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer. the infection is established early in life and persists lifelong leading to a sustained chronic inflammation. iron is essential for most living organisms. bacteria use several mechanisms to acquire iron from their hosts, including the synthesis of the potent iron chelators known as siderophores. hosts cells may express the siderophore-binding protein neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal/lipo ... | 2009 | 19727808 |
| geographic distribution of methyltransferases of helicobacter pylori: evidence of human host population isolation and migration. | helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach and is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. this ubiquitous association between h. pylori and humans is thought to be present since the origin of modern humans. the h. pylori genome encodes for an exceptional number of restriction and modifications (r-m) systems. to evaluate if r-m systems are an adequate tool to determine the geographic distribution of h. pylori strains, we typed 221 strains from africa, america, asia, and ... | 2009 | 19737407 |
| efficacy of passive immunization with igy antibodies to a 58-kda h. pylori antigen on severe gastritis in balb/c mouse model. | consecutive triple doses of 1 x 10(8) cfu/ml of a pathogenic h. pylori strain isolated from stomach of egyptian patients with severe gastritis were used to establish infection in balb/c mice model. white leghorn hens were immunized with h. pylori whole cell lysate (hplysate) antigen and with a highly reactive 58-kda h. pylori (hp58) antigen. two months later, igy antibodies (igy-hplysate & igy-hp58) were purified from egg yolk and its efficacy was evaluated in the adopted model. microbiological ... | 2009 | 19739011 |
| interaction of helicobacter pylori with genetic variants in the mdm2 promoter, is associated with gastric cancer susceptibility in chinese patients. | mdm2 is a major negative regulator of p53, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the mdm2 promoter region snp309 (rs2279744) has been shown to increase the affinity of the transcriptional activator sp1, resulting in elevated mdm2 transcription and expression in some cancers. the aim of this study was to determine whether snp309 is associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer in chinese patients. | 2009 | 19751436 |
| helicobacter pylori urease activates blood platelets through a lipoxygenase-mediated pathway. | the bacterium helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in human beings by mechanisms yet not fully understood. h. pylori produces urease which neutralizes the acidic medium permitting its survival in the stomach. we have previously shown that ureases from jackbean, soybean or bacillus pasteurii induce blood platelet aggregation independently of their enzyme activity by a pathway requiring platelet secretion, activation of calcium channels and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. ... | 2010 | 19754669 |
| infectious serologies and autoantibodies in wegener's granulomatosis and other vasculitides: novel associations disclosed using the rad bioplex 2200. | in this study we assess the presence of antibodies against infectious agents as well as for a variety of autoantibodies in an attempt to establish associations between various vasculitides and infections in order to shed light on the etiopathogenesis of these diseases and perhaps implicate a potential cure. sera from patients with wegener's granulomatosis (wg), polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, churg strauss, and giant cell arteritis were compared to healthy control sera. serum sam ... | 2009 | 19758211 |
| increased expression and cellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase in helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. | immunological responses in the host can result in different disease outcomes of helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. prostaglandin e2 derived from cyclooxygenase (cox) and prostaglandin e synthase contribute to gastric protection. recently, prostaglandin d2 was shown to be involved in host immunity by chemotactic activity through chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on th2 cells (crth2), but its role in h. pylori-induced gastritis has not been clarified. we determined the exp ... | 2009 | 19768745 |
| a comparison of the acid-inhibitory effects of esomeprazole and pantoprazole in relation to pharmacokinetics and cyp2c19 polymorphism. | esomeprazole and pantoprazole are metabolized in the liver and the polymorphic cyp2c19 enzyme is involved in that process. this genetic polymorphism determines fast (70% of caucasians), intermediate (25-30% of caucasians) and slow (2-5% of caucasians) metabolism of ppis. | 2010 | 19785625 |
| cross-talk between inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in helicobacter-pylori-induced gastritis. | the present study examined the cross-talk between prostanoids and nitric oxide (no) in human gastric biopsies during helicobacter pylori infection. | 2009 | 19797925 |
| muc1 limits helicobacter pylori infection both by steric hindrance and by acting as a releasable decoy. | the bacterium helicobacter pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and malt lymphoma. the cell-surface mucin muc1 is a large glycoprotein which is highly expressed on the mucosal surface and limits the density of h. pylori in a murine infection model. we now demonstrate that by using the baba and saba adhesins, h. pylori bind muc1 isolated from human gastric cells and muc1 shed into gastric juice. both h. pylori carrying these adhesins, and beads coated with muc1 antibodies ... | 2009 | 19816567 |
| genetic factors associated with intestinal metaplasia in a high risk singapore-chinese population: a cohort study. | intestinal metaplasia (im) is an important precursor lesion in the development of gastric cancer (gc). the aim of this study was to investigate genetic factors previously linked to gc risk for their possible association with im. a total of 18 polymorphisms in 14 candidate genes were evaluated in a singapore-chinese population at high risk of developing gc. | 2009 | 19822020 |
| helicobacter pylori: bacterial factors and the role of cytokines in the immune response. | helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative micro-aerophilic bacterium that is widely distributed geographically and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. bacterial virulence factors play an important role, since the virulent strains are more aggressive and increase the risk of developing severe clinical manifestations; in addition, other determinant factors are the nutritional state and the immune response of the host. studie ... | 2010 | 19847485 |
| helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharides upregulate toll-like receptor 4 expression and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells via the mek1/2-erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | helicobacter pylori is recognized as an etiological agent of gastroduodenal diseases. h. pylori produces various toxic substances, including lipopolysaccharide (lps). however, h. pylori lps exhibits extremely weakly endotoxic activity compared to the typical lps, such as that produced by escherichia coli, which acts through toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) to induce inflammatory molecules. the gastric epithelial cell lines mkn28 and mkn45 express tlr4 at very low levels, so they show very weak interl ... | 2010 | 19858308 |
| the association of helicobacter pylori infection with coronary artery disease: fact or fiction? | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection is an important cause of peptic ulcer disease and other gastrointestinal disorders. since its discovery, a number of extra-gastrointestinal diseases have been reported to be associated with h. pylori infection. recently, several epidemiological and clinical studies suggested that h. pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (cad). evidence from animal studies showed that h. pylori plays an important ... | 2004 | 19861836 |
| methods to monitor autophagy in h. pylori vacuolating cytotoxin a (vaca)-treated cells. | helicobacter pylori is a gram negative pathogen that infects at least half of the world's population and is associated not only with gastric cancer but also with other diseases such as gastritis and peptic ulcers. indeed, h. pylori is considered the single most important risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. the vacuolating cytotoxin vaca, secreted by h. pylori, promotes intracellular survival of the bacterium and modulates host immune responses. in a recent study, we reported that ... | 2010 | 19875940 |
| differentiation of isomeric lewis blood groups by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. | lewis histo-blood group antigens are one of the major classes of biologically active oligosaccharides. in this work, underivatized lewis blood groups were studied by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (esi-ms(n)) in the positive mode with three different mass analyzers: q-tof (quadrupole time-of-flight), qqq (triple quadrupole), and lit (linear ion trap). it was observed that, under collision-induced fragmentations, type 1 lewis antigens (le(a) and le(b)) could be distinguished from type 2 (l ... | 2010 | 19878643 |
| induction of paranodal myelin detachment and sodium channel loss in vivo by campylobacter jejuni dna-binding protein from starved cells (c-dps) in myelinated nerve fibers. | in an axonal variant of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) associated with campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) enteritis, the mechanism underlying axonal damage is obscure. we purified and characterized a dna-binding protein from starved cells derived from c. jejuni (c-dps). this c-dps protein has significant homology with helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (hp-nap), which is chemotactic for human neutrophils through binding to sulfatide. because sulfatide is essential for paranodal junct ... | 2010 | 19880143 |
| activation of the abundant nuclear factor poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 by helicobacter pylori. | modification of eukaryotic proteins is a powerful strategy used by pathogenic bacteria to modulate host cells during infection. previously, we demonstrated that helicobacter pylori modify an unidentified protein within mammalian cell lysates in a manner consistent with the action of a bacterial adp-ribosylating toxin. here, we identified the modified eukaryotic factor as the abundant nuclear factor poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 (parp-1), which is important in the pathologies of several disease s ... | 2009 | 19897724 |
| helicobacter pylori stimulates dendritic cells to induce interleukin-17 expression from cd4+ t lymphocytes. | helicobacter pylori is a human gastroduodenal pathogen that leads to active chronic inflammation characterized by t-cell responses biased toward a th1 phenotype. it has been accepted that h. pylori infection induces a th17 response. at mucosal sites, dendritic cells (dcs) have the capacity to induce effector t cells. here, we evaluate the role of dcs in the h. pylori-induced interleukin-17 (il-17) response. immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed on human gastric mucosal biops ... | 2010 | 19917709 |
| helicobacter urease: niche construction at the single molecule level. | the urease of the human pathogen, helicobacter pylori, is essential for pathogenesis. the ammonia produced by the enzyme neutralizes stomach acid; thereby modifying its environment. the dodecameric enzyme complex has high affinity for its substrate, urea. we compared urease sequences and derivative 3d homology model structures from all published helicobacter genomes and an equal number of genomes belonging to strains of another enteric bacterium, escherichia coli. we found that the enzyme's arch ... | 2009 | 19920336 |
| [study of gene polymorphism responsible for metabolism of proton pump inhibitors in children with h. pylori infection: is there a correlation with efficacy of eradication treatment?]. | the aim of this study was to determine the effects of cyp2c19 polymorphism on h. pylori eradication in pediatric population in the republic of bashkortostan. | 2009 | 19928008 |
| infectious causes of chronic immune thrombocytopenia. | persistent thrombocytopenia may be the consequence of chronic infections with hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and helicobacter pylori, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia (itp). studies have shown that on diagnosis of infections, treatment of the primary disease often results in substantial improvement or complete recovery of the thrombocytopenia. in patients with thrombocytopenia due to hcv-related chronic liver ... | 2009 | 19932434 |
| [association between promoter methylation of cyclooxygenase-2 and expression, and precancerous gastric lesions in a high-risk population]. | to evaluate the relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) methylation and expression, and precancerous gastric lesions. | 2009 | 19954066 |
| [effect of cyp2c19 gene polymorphism on eradication treatment efficacy of helicobacter pylori infection]. | | 2009 | 19961004 |
| cyp2c19 genotypes in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of proton pump inhibitor-based therapy of helicobacter pylori infection. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are potent gastric acid inhibitors. therapies with a ppi and antibiotics are used to cure helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection, which is closely related to many gastrointestinal diseases. most ppis are mainly metabolized by cytochrome 2c19 (cyp2c19). the genetic polymorphisms of cyp2c19 may lead to the differences in pharmacokinetics (pk), pharmacodynamics (pd) and clinical efficacy of ppis. | 2010 | 19968574 |
| clinicopathological characteristics of primary gastric t-cell lymphoma. | to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of 20 primary gastric t-cell lymphoma (gtcl) cases without human t-lymphotropic virus type i infection in japan, a non-endemic area for coeliac disease. | 2009 | 20002766 |
| host-dependent lewis (le) antigen expression in helicobacter pylori cells recovered from leb-transgenic mice. | variation of surface antigen expression is a mechanism used by microbes to adapt to and persist within their host habitats. helicobacter pylori, a persistent bacterial colonizer of the human stomach, can alter its surface lewis (le) antigen expression. we examined h. pylori colonization in mice to test the hypothesis that host phenotype selects for h. pylori (le) phenotypes. when wild-type and le(b)-expressing transgenic fvb/n mice were challenged with h. pylori strain hp1, expressing le(x) and ... | 2009 | 20008521 |
| a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with intractable gastric ulcers. | we report a rare case of hypereosinophilic syndrome (hes) presenting with intractable gastric ulcers. a 71-year-old man was admitted with epigastric pain. initial endoscopic findings revealed multiple, active gastric ulcers in the gastric antrum. he underwent helicobacter pylori (h pylori) eradication therapy followed by proton pump inhibitor (ppi) therapy. however, follow-up endoscopy at 4, 6, 10 and 14 mo revealed persistent multiple gastric ulcers without significant improvement. the proporti ... | 2009 | 20027690 |
| helicobacter pylori--a seasoned pathogen by any other name. | helicobacter pylori is a well known inhabitant of human stomach which is linked to peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. it was recently shown in several studies that h. pylori can be harnessed as a surrogate marker of human migration and that its population structure and stratification patterns exactly juxtapose to those of homo sapiens. this is enough a testimony to convey that h. pylori may have coevolved with their host. several protective effects of h. pylori colonization have be ... | 2009 | 20030808 |
| analysis of a beta-helical region in the p55 domain of helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. | helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and contributes to the development of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. vaca, a toxin secreted by h. pylori, is comprised of two domains, designated p33 and p55. analysis of the crystal structure of the p55 domain indicated that its structure is predominantly a right-handed parallel beta-helix, which is a characteristic of autotransporter passenger domains. substitution mutations of specific amino acids with ... | 2010 | 20178613 |
| drinking air and maneuvering it to the pyloric region of the stomach for the treatment for helicobacter pylori infection. | helicobacter pylori is a flagellate, gram-negative bacterium which lives in the pyloric region of the human stomach and is a major cause of a large proportion of peptic ulcers, some non-ulcer dyspepsias and rarely, gastric cancers. it is a microaerophilic (anaerobic) organism. in place of the several drugs currently in use for treating h. pylori infection, plain simple atmospheric air swallowed or sucked into the stomach, or drunk by any of the various techniques described here and then postural ... | 2010 | 20189723 |
| diagnostic esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (egd) in patients with aids-related upper gastrointestinal abnormalities. | gastrointestinal (gi) diseases are common among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and may involve the entire gi tract. the aim of the article is to investigate the prevalence of various upper gastrointestinal abnormalities in patients with aids. | 2009 | 20214216 |
| identification of cell-surface mannans in a virulent helicobacter pylori strain. | with the intent of contributing to a carbohydrate-based vaccine against the gastroduodenal pathogen, helicobacter pylori, we report here the structure of cell-surface mannans obtained from a virulent strain. unlike other wild-type strains, this strain was found to express in good quantities this polysaccharide in vitro. structural analysis revealed a branched mannan formed by a backbone of alpha-(1-->6)-linked mannopyranosyl residues with approximately 80% branching at the o-2 position. the bran ... | 2010 | 20227685 |
| genetic polymorphisms in dna repair genes xpc, xpd, and xrcc4, and susceptibility to helicobacter pylori infection-related gastric antrum adenocarcinoma in guangxi population, china. | genetic polymorphisms in dna repair genes may influence individual variation in dna repair capacity, which may be associated with risk of gastric antrum adenocarcinoma (gaa) related to helicobacter pylori infection. this study, including 361 gaas and 616 controls without any evidence of tumors, was designed to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms of dna repair genes xpc ala499val (rs#2228000) and lys939gln (rs#2228001), xpd lys751gln (rs#13181), and xrcc4 ala247ser (rs#3734091) and ... | 2010 | 20232359 |
| high-throughput and single-cell imaging of nf-kappab oscillations using monoclonal cell lines. | the nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) family of transcription factors plays a role in a wide range of cellular processes including the immune response and cellular growth. in addition, deregulation of the nf-kappab system has been associated with a number of disease states, including cancer. therefore, insight into the regulation of nf-kappab activation has crucial medical relevance, holding promise for novel drug target discovery. transcription of nf-kappab-induced genes is regulated by differe ... | 2010 | 20233427 |
| human primary gastric dendritic cells induce a th1 response to h. pylori. | adaptive cd4 t-cell responses are important in the pathogenesis of chronic helicobacter pylori gastritis. however, the gastric antigen-presenting cells that induce these responses have not yet been identified. here we show that dendritic cells (dcs) are present in the gastric mucosa of healthy subjects and are more prevalent and more activated in the gastric mucosa of h. pylori-infected subjects. h. pylori induced gastric dcs isolated from noninfected subjects to express increased levels of cd11 ... | 2010 | 20237463 |
| in vivo accumulation of helicobacter pylori products, nod1, ubiquitinated proteins and proteasome in a novel cytoplasmic structure. | cell internalization and intracellular fate of h. pylori products/virulence factors in vivo by human gastric epithelium, the main target of h. pylori-induced pathologies (i.e., peptic ulcer and cancer), are still largely unknown. investigating gastric endoscopic biopsies from dyspeptic patients by means of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, here we show that, in human superficial-foveolar epithelium and its metaplastic or dysplastic foci, h. pylori virulence factors accumulated in a discrete c ... | 2010 | 20300534 |
| dual regulation by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 inhibits gastric epithelial cell apoptosis during helicobacter pylori infection. | human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (ape-1), a key enzyme involved in repair of oxidative dna base damage, is an important transcriptional coregulator. we previously reported that helicobacter pylori infection induces apoptosis and increases ape-1 expression in human gastric epithelial cells (gec). although both the dna repair activity and the acetylation-mediated transcriptional regulation of ape-1 are required to prevent cell death, the mechanisms of ape-1-mediated inhibition of infecti ... | 2010 | 20332233 |
| ethnic and geographic differentiation of helicobacter pylori within iran. | the bacterium helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach, with individual infections persisting for decades. the spread of the bacterium has been shown to reflect both ancient and recent human migrations. we have sequenced housekeeping genes from h. pylori isolated from 147 iranians with well-characterized geographical and ethnic origins sampled throughout iran and compared them with sequences from strains from other locations. h. pylori from iran are similar to others isolated from western ... | 2010 | 20339588 |
| role of helicobacter pylori infection in aberrant dna methylation along multistep gastric carcinogenesis. | cpg island hypermethylation is frequently found during gastric carcinogenesis. we investigated methylation profiles of p16, lox, hand1, thbd, p41arc, and apc along multistep gastric carcinogenesis and determined their association with helicobacter pylori infection. methylation levels in these six genes were evaluated in noncancerous gastric biopsy specimens using quantitative methylation-specific pcr in 459 patients with gastric cancer (gc), 137 with dysplasia, and 248 controls. controls were di ... | 2010 | 20345486 |
| helicobacter pylori caga phosphorylation status determines the gp130-activated shp2/erk and jak/stat signal transduction pathways in gastric epithelial cells. | the helicobacter pylori protein caga may undergo tyrosine phosphorylation following its entry into human gastric epithelial cells with downstream effects on signal transduction. disruption of the gp130 receptor that modulates the balance of the shp2/erk and jak/stat pathways enhanced peptic ulceration and gastric cancer in gp130 knock-out mice. in this study, we evaluated the effect of translocated caga in relation to its tyrosine phosphorylation status on the gp130-mediated signal switch betwee ... | 2010 | 20348091 |
| study on the association of cox-2 genetic polymorphisms with risk of gastric cancer in high incidence hexi area of gansu province in china. | to investigate the possible association of polymorphisms, cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) promoter region -899g>c, cox-2 codon 587g>a, with risk of gastric cancer in the high incidence hexi area of gansu province in china. blood samples from 140 patients with gastric carcinoma and 125 normal persons were collected in hexi area of gansu province in china. polymorphisms of cox-2 -899g>a and cox-2 587g>a were genotyped by pcr-taqman. for detection helicobacter pylori infection, warhin-starry staining was ... | 2011 | 20364406 |
| [polymorphism of cytokine genes in the development of helicobacter pylori infection]. | the purpose of this work was to study morphological features of gastric mucosa depending on polymorphism of il-l1beta and il-1rn genes in children with chronic gastritis infected with different strains of helicobacter pylori 0. we examined 106 children with hp-associated gastritis. the results suggest association of mucosal inflammation with t allele in polymorphous c-511t locus of il-1beta (beta2 = 14,006; alpha = 0.001). aga + strains of hp were more frequently identified in patients with eros ... | 2010 | 20364673 |
| angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis of gastric cancer. | tumor angiogenesis is the result of an imbalance between positive and negative angiogenic factors released by tumor and host cells into the microenvironment of the neoplastic tissue. the stroma constitutes a large part of most solid tumors, and cancer-stromal cell interactions contribute functionally to tumor growth and metastasis. activated fibroblasts and macrophages in tumor stroma play important roles in angiogenesis and tumor progression. in gastric cancer, tumor cells and stromal cells pro ... | 2010 | 20369064 |
| solanum torvum inhibits helicobacter pylori growth and mediates apoptosis in human gastric epithelial cells. | helicobacter pylori infection is associated with an increased risk for development of duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas and gastric lymphomas. however, resistant strains have developed because of antibiotic treatment. in this study, the water, acetone, chloroform and methanol extracts of two solancaceae plants, solanum erianthum and solanum torvum (st), were tested for their anti-h. pylori activity. all of st extracts were able to inhibit the growth of h. pylori and showed ... | 2010 | 20372857 |
| religious involvement and seroprevalence of six infectious diseases in us adults. | in the united states, religious practice is inversely associated with several chronic conditions, but no reports show whether it is inversely associated with prevalence of positive serology for infections. | 2010 | 20375957 |
| effects of cyp2c19, mdr1, and interleukin 1-b gene variants on the eradication rate of helicobacter pylori infection by triple therapy with pantoprazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. | eradication of h. pylori is an important treatment strategy in peptic ulcer patients. current regimens of eradication consist of proton pump inhibitor (ppi) and two antibiotics. effects of ppi may depend on their metabolism, and other factors important for the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease. aim of the present study was to evaluate an association of cyp2c19, mdr1, and il-1b polymorphisms with the eradication rate of h. pylori in polish caucasian patients treated with a triple therapy of ... | 2010 | 20376628 |
| the relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma in northern iran. | colonization of the human stomach with helicobacter pylori induces chronic gastritis and is associated with the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric carcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. infection with an h. pylori strain containing the cytotoxin-associated (caga) gene (a marker for a pathogenicity island) may increase the risk of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. the exact role of h. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis is still being investigated. h ... | 2010 | 20377133 |
| inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms increase the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. | to investigate the effects of interleukin-8 (il-8), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) gene polymorphisms, helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection, on the risk of developing severe chronic atrophic gastritis (scag) and intestinal metaplasia (im). | 2010 | 20380014 |
| [the effect of rosiglitazone on the cell proliferation and the expressions of p27 and skp2 in helicobacter pylori infected human gastric epithelial cells]. | ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (ppargamma), a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily, exhibit anti-tumoral effects and are associated with de novo synthesis of proteins involved in regulating the cell cycle and cell survival/death. helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is an etiologic agent for gastric adenocarcinoma, and raises the cell turnover of gastric epithelium. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ppargamma ligand rosiglitazon ... | 2010 | 20389175 |
| defensin-mrna expression in the upper gastrointestinal tract is modulated in children with celiac disease and helicobacter pylori-positive gastritis. | defensins are expressed in epithelial cells as cationic peptides with antimicrobial properties. because of their role as immunologically important effector molecules, their contribution in maintaining a stable microenvironment in the gastrointestinal tract has recently received much attention. the present study was designed to further characterize expression patterns of defensins in diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract in children, particularly in helicobacter pylori (hp)-associated gast ... | 2010 | 20400909 |
| the role of small molecular weight compounds to increase vacuolation induced by vaca toxin in vitro. | vaca is a vacuolation protein toxin secreted by helicobacter pylori. many compounds have been implicated in the regulation of vaca toxin activity. in this study, regulation of cell vacuolation induced by vaca was observed with the addition of glycine, glycine hydrochloride, xylitol, and taurine by neutral red dye uptake assay using gastric human epithelial cell cultures. glycine, xylitol, and taurine increased cell vacuolation significantly after 48h (p<0.05), with their effect apparent in a wid ... | 2010 | 20403422 |
| b-cell receptor signaling and cd40 ligand-independent t cell help cooperate in helicobacter-induced malt lymphomagenesis. | gastric b-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) develops in the context of chronic inflammation caused by helicobacter pylori infection. most pathophysiological features of the early stages of malt lymphomagenesis can be reproduced by experimental infection of balb/c mice with helicobacter species. we have previously shown that malt lymphomas are infiltrated by t-helper cell type 2-polarized t cells and that human and murine tumor b cells carry polyreactive surface immunoglob ... | 2010 | 20428202 |
| muc1 cell surface mucin attenuates epithelial inflammation in response to a common mucosal pathogen. | helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa causes an active-chronic inflammation that is strongly linked to the development of duodenal and gastric ulcers and stomach cancer. however, greater than 80% of individuals infected with h. pylori are asymptomatic beyond histologic inflammation, and it is unknown what factors influence the incidence and character of bacterial-associated gastritis and related disorders. because previous studies demonstrated that the muc1 epithelial glycoprotein ... | 2010 | 20430889 |
| refractory gastric ulcer with abundant igg4-positive plasma cell infiltration: a case report. | we describe a 77-year-old man with refractory gastric ulcer that worsened after helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. pathology showed marked infiltration of igg4-positive plasma cells in the gastric lesions, which led us to suspect igg4-related sclerosing disease. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of igg4-related gastric ulcer without the main manifestation of autoimmune pancreatitis. | 2010 | 20440861 |
| [acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding after coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction]. | a 73-year-old man with nstemi (non-st segment elevation myocardial infarction) underwent coronary angiography and an in-stent restenosis and thrombosis in ramus circumflexus was found. a drug-eluting stent (des) was implanted. 12 h after intervention during threefold platelet inhibition the patient presented a gastrointestinal bleeding with melena and the hemoglobin level dropped from 15.3 g/dl to 9.7 g/dl. | 2010 | 20455053 |
| relevance of helicobacter pylori virulence factors for vaccine development. | helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk for a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from peptic ulcer disease to gastric cancer. however, the infection induces gastric and duodenal ulceration or gastric cancer in only a minority of infected subjects because h. pylori strains are genetically diverse and express different virulence factors. individuals infected with strains that express these virulence factors probably develop severe diseases such as gastric cancer. nevertheless, th ... | 2009 | 20464218 |
| helicobacter pylori infection, oncogenic pathways and epigenetic mechanisms in gastric carcinogenesis. | chronic colonization of the human stomach by helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium, is the major cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. recent progress has elucidated important bacterial and host factors that are responsible for h. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and gastric malignancy. h. pylori cytotoxin-associated antigen a is the major oncogenic factor injected into host cells from bacteria and it disrupts epithelial cell functions. together with h. pylori ... | 2010 | 20465395 |
| peptidoglycan crosslinking relaxation promotes helicobacter pylori's helical shape and stomach colonization. | the mechanisms by which bacterial cells generate helical cell shape and its functional role are poorly understood. helical shape of the human pathogen helicobacter pylori may facilitate penetration of the thick gastric mucus where it replicates. we identified four genes required for helical shape: three lytm peptidoglycan endopeptidase homologs (csd1-3) and a ccma homolog. surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacteria, the peptidoglycan (murein) sacculus is a meshwork of glycan strands j ... | 2010 | 20510929 |
| helicobacter pylori caga and vaca genotypes in cuban and venezuelan populations. | the aim of this study was to determine the presence of helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene (caga)/vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vaca) among patients with chronic gastritis in cuba and venezuela. gastric antrum biopsies were taken for culture, dna extraction and pcr analysis. amplification of vaca and caga segments was performed using two regions of caga: 349 bp were amplified with the f1/b1 primers and the remaining 335 bp were amplified with the b7629/b7628 primers. the va1-f/va1-r set ... | 2010 | 20512250 |
| differential expression of nf-kappab target genes in malt lymphoma with and without chromosome translocation: insights into molecular mechanism. | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma is characterized by t(11;18)(q21;q21)/api2-malt1, t(1;14)(p22;q32)/bcl10-igh and t(14;18)(q32;q21)/igh-malt1, which commonly activate the nuclear factor (nf)-kappab pathway. gastric malt lymphomas harboring such translocations usually do not respond to helicobacter pylori eradication, while most of those without translocation can be cured by antibiotics. to understand the molecular mechanism of these different malt lymphoma subgroups, we performe ... | 2010 | 20520640 |
| methylation status of cdh1 gene in samples of gastric mucous from brazilian patients with chronic gastritis infected by helicobacter pylori. | gastric cancer is one of the top list of cancer types that most leads to death in brazil and worldwide. helicobacter pylori(h. pylori) is a class i carcinogen and infect almost 90% of chronic gastritis patients. some genotypes confer different virulent potential to h. pylori and can increase the risk of gastritis development. methylation of cpg islands can inactivate tumor suppressor genes and therefore, it can be involved in the tumorigenic process. cdh1 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes ... | 2010 | 20520968 |
| sox2 in gastric carcinoma, but not hath1, is related to patients' clinicopathological features and prognosis. | sox2 and hath1 are transcription factors that are critical for the control of terminal cell differentiation in the gastrointestinal mucosa. this study investigated the correlations between sox2 and hath1 expression in gastric carcinoma and patients' clinicopathological features and prognosis. | 2010 | 20532662 |
| helicobacter pylori dupa is polymorphic, and its active form induces proinflammatory cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells. | infection with helicobacter pylori possessing a newly described virulence factor--duodenal ulcer-promoting gene a (dupa)--has been associated with duodenal ulceration and increased gastric inflammation. | 2010 | 20533870 |
| up-regulated microrna-146a negatively modulate helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response in human gastric epithelial cells. | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a major human pathogenic bacterium in gastric mucosa. however, the regulatory mechanism of h. pylori-induced immune response is not clear. micrornas (mirnas) have recently emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and their role in h. pylori infection is just beginning to be explored. here, we first reported that h. pylori infection up-regulated the expression of mir-146a in gastric epithelial cells as well as in gastric mucosal tissues ... | 2010 | 20542134 |
| regulation of p53 tumor suppressor by helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial cells. | infection with the gastric mucosal pathogen helicobacter pylori is the strongest identified risk factor for distal gastric cancer. these bacteria colonize a significant part of the world's population. we investigated the molecular mechanisms of p53 regulation in h pylori-infected cells. | 2010 | 20547161 |
| the food glycome: a source of protection against pathogen colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. | trillions of microbes inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans with significant differences in the composition and distribution of intestinal flora along its length. normally there is a symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microflora and the host, with mutual advantages for both partners. when this relationship is altered, commensal bacteria can rapidly shift toward pathogenicity resulting in the onset and progression of gastrointestinal infection. pathogen adhesion and colonization ... | 2010 | 20580113 |
| helicobacter pylori potentiates epithelial:mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer: links to soluble hb-egf, gastrin and matrix metalloproteinase-7. | helicobacter pylori (h pylori) infection is a major risk factor in the development of distal gastric adenocarcinoma. development of the invasive phenotype is associated with the phenomenon of epithelial:mesenchymal transition (emt). soluble heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (hb-egf) has been implicated in this process. a study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-7 is upregulated in h pylori infection as a result of hypergastrinaemia, which may ... | 2010 | 20584780 |
| the role of environmental factors in autoimmune thyroiditis. | environmental factors can play an important role in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (at) and other autoimmune diseases. this article reviews the role of heavy metals and infectious agents in at. currently, the genes responsible for a metal-induced pathology are known in experimental animals but similar knowledge is lacking in man. metals such as nickel or mercury induce delayed type t cell hypersensitivity (allergy) which is relatively common, especially in women. t-cell allergy can be ... | 2010 | 20588228 |
| gastric and intestinal barrier impairment in tropical enteropathy and hiv: limited impact of micronutrient supplementation during a randomised controlled trial. | although micronutrient supplementation can reduce morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea, nutritional influences on intestinal host defence are poorly understood. we tested the hypothesis that micronutrient supplementation can enhance barrier function of the gut. | 2010 | 20604937 |
| rabeprazole can overcome the impact of cyp2c19 polymorphism on quadruple therapy. | the prospective study was designed to clarify the impact of cyp2c19 on quadruple therapies and survey the efficacies of rabeprazole-based quadruple therapy for helicobacter pylori infection after failure of standard triple therapies. | 2010 | 20633187 |
| promoter methylation status of multidrug resistance 1 (mdr1) gene in noncancerous gastric mucosa correlates with helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer occurrence. | we investigated the methylation status of multidrug resistance 1 (mdr1) gene promoter in noncancerous gastric mucosa in relation to gastric cancer (gc) occurrence. methylation of the mdr1 promoter was estimated in 127 gc and 82 non-gc patients. a significant association was found between higher methylation ratio and occurrence of gc. higher methylation ratio was also associated with occurrence of gc in both helicobacter pylori-positive and helicobacter pylori-negative subjects. higher mr was als ... | 2010 | 20636108 |
| up-regulation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase causes genetic aberrations at the cdkn2b-cdkn2a in gastric cancer. | the dna/rna editing enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid) is mutagenic and has been implicated in human tumorigenesis. helicobacter pylori infection of gastric epithelial cells leads to aberrant expression of aid and somatic gene mutations. we investigated whether aid induces genetic aberrations at specific chromosomal loci that encode tumor-related proteins in gastric epithelial cells. | 2010 | 20637757 |
| comparison of helicobacter pylori and escherichia coli in induction of tnf-alpha mrna from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | to investigate the difference between the abilities of helicobacter pylori and escherichia coli to induce expression of tnf-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). | 2010 | 20644312 |
| oxidative stress, helicobacter pylori, and ogg1 ser326cys, xpc lys939gln, and xpd lys751gln polymorphisms in a turkish population with colorectal carcinoma. | the contribution of polymorphisms of dna repair genes ogg1 ser326cys, xpc lys939gln, and xpd lys751gln in developing colorectal carcinoma is controversial. whether the group 1a carcinogen helicobacter pylori is a risk factor or not in these patients could not be clearly elucidated. one hundred ten colorectal cancer patients and 116 cancer-free individuals constituted the test and control groups, respectively. the association of ogg1 ser326cys, xpc lys939gln, and xpd lys751gln polymorphisms and t ... | 2010 | 20649433 |
| medical history and lifestyle factors contributing to epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma and conventional gastric carcinoma in korea. | epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (ebv-gc) has been characterized as a special gastric cancer subset. lifestyle and other major factors that may contribute to ebv-gc and non-ebv-gc were investigated here. | 2010 | 20651410 |
| genetic modulation of tlr8 response following bacterial phagocytosis. | human toll-like receptors (tlrs) tlr7, tlr8, and tlr9 are important immune sensors of foreign nucleic acids encountered by phagocytes. although there is growing evidence implicating tlr7 and tlr9 in the detection of intracellular pathogenic bacteria, characterization of such a role for tlr8 is currently lacking. a recent genetic study has correlated the presence of a tlr8 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) (rs3764880:a>g; p.met1val) with the development of active tuberculosis, suggesting a rol ... | 2010 | 20652908 |
| communication between the zinc and nickel sites in dimeric hypa: metal recognition and ph sensing. | helicobacter pylori , a pathogen that colonizes the human stomach, requires the nickel-containing metalloenzymes urease and nife-hydrogenase to survive this low ph environment. the maturation of both enzymes depends on the metallochaperone, hypa. hypa contains two metal sites, an intrinsic zinc site and a low-affinity nickel binding site. x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas) shows that the structure of the intrinsic zinc site of hypa is dynamic and able to sense both nickel loading and ph changes ... | 2010 | 20662514 |
| helicobacter pylori-induced activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and carcinogenesis. | tumorigenesis is a multistep process in which the accumulation of genetic alterations drives the transformation of normal cells into malignant derivatives. activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid) contributes to immune system diversity by inducing somatic hypermutations and class-switch recombinations of human immunoglobulin genes. the mutagenic activity of aid, however, can also induce genetic changes in various genes and may lead to the development of cancer. helicobacter pylori, a class 1 ... | 2010 | 20667704 |
| t (11;18)(q21;q21) chromosome translocation (a1446-m1150) of malt lymphoma in buccal mucosa. | the t(11;18)(q21;q21) chromosome translocation is frequent in gastric malt lymphoma, but the t(11;18)(q21;q21) chromosome translocation is very rare in other sites of malt lymphomas. we investigated the possibility that malt lymphoma occurred in the right buccal mucosa of a 66-year-old japanese woman who had the t(11;18)(q21;q21) chromosome translocation. | 2010 | 20676680 |
| dna damage triggers genetic exchange in helicobacter pylori. | many organisms respond to dna damage by inducing expression of dna repair genes. we find that the human stomach pathogen helicobacter pylori instead induces transcription and translation of natural competence genes, thus increasing transformation frequency. transcription of a lysozyme-like protein that promotes dna donation from intact cells is also induced. exogenous dna modulates the dna damage response, as both reca and the ability to take up dna are required for full induction of the respons ... | 2010 | 20686662 |
| invasion and multiplication of helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial cells and implications for antibiotic resistance. | helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that infects more than 50% of the human population and can cause gastritis, peptic ulcer, or gastric malignancies. it is generally viewed as an extracellular microorganism. in a gentamicin protection assay on ags or mkn45 cells, h. pylori could invade the epithelial cells and multiply within double-layer vesicles either on the plasma membrane or in the cytoplasm. a 5-fold increase in the number of bacteria was recultured from the in ... | 2010 | 20696835 |
| the variation of expression of cd4+ cd25+ foxp3+ regulatory t cells in patients with helicobacter pylori infection and eradication. | h. pylori persists for the virtual life of its host. recent studies suggested that cd4+ cd25+ regulatory t cells may be involved in this process. however, the alteration of cd4+ cd25+ regulatory t cells after eradication of h. pylori remains a question. | 2010 | 20698203 |
| mutagenic potency of helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa of mice is determined by sex and duration of infection. | helicobacter pylori is a human carcinogen, but the mechanisms evoked in carcinogenesis during this chronic inflammatory disease remain incompletely characterized. we determined whether chronic h. pylori infection induced mutations in the gastric mucosa of male and female gpt delta c57bl/6 mice infected for 6 or 12 mo. point mutations were increased in females infected for 12 mo. the mutation frequency in this group was 1.6-fold higher than in uninfected mice of both sexes (p < 0.05). a:t-to-g:c ... | 2010 | 20699385 |
| helicobacter pylori causes gastric cancer by hijacking cell growth signaling. | extract: infection with certain strains (carrying the caga gene) of the bacterium helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is associated with the development of gastric carcinoma. upon introduction into the gastric epithelial cells and its subsequent modification by phosphorylation (adding a phosphate group) at the tyrosine amino acid residue, caga binds specifically to a cellular oncoprotein (shp-2) and causes the oncoprotein's phosphatase activity (ridding is a phosphate group from a molecule) to misbe ... | 2004 | 20704951 |
| combined effect of mir-146a rs2910164 g/c polymorphism and toll-like receptor 4 +3725 g/c polymorphism on the risk of severe gastric atrophy in japanese. | a g/c polymorphism in mirna-146a (rs2910164) was shown to be associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. | 2011 | 20721625 |
| the expression of renin-angiotensin system components in the human gastric mucosa. | the aim of the present study was to map the distribution of representative protein components of the renin-angiotensin system (ras) in the human gastric mucosa. | 2011 | 20739374 |
| peptidoglycan deacetylation in helicobacter pylori contributes to bacterial survival by mitigating host immune responses. | an oxidative stress-induced enzyme, peptidoglycan deacetylase (pgda), in the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori was previously identified and characterized. in this study, we constructed h. pylori pgda mutants in two mouse-adapted strains, x47 and b128, to investigate the role of pgda in vivo (to determine the mutants' abilities to colonize mice and to induce an immune response). h. pylori pgda mutant cells showed increased sensitivity to lysozyme compared to the sensitivities of the par ... | 2010 | 20805339 |
| helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte cultures. | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) have been recognized as a major cause of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. macrophages are the targets of lipopolysaccharide (lps), which is a constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative rods. in this study we focused on a potential role of macrophages in the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbml) in the milieu of h. pylori lps and standard e. coli lps. first, we found that h. pylori and e. col ... | 2010 | 20814071 |
| enzymatic synthesis of lacto-n-difucohexaose i which binds to helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori is known to bind with sugar chains possessing lewis b structure. we are trying to combine oligosaccharides containing lewis b sugar chain to water insoluble polysaccharide through some linker. lacto-n-difucohexaose i (lndfh i; fucalpha1-->2galbeta1-->3[fucalpha1-->4]glcnacbeta1-->3galbeta1-->4glc) fits for that purpose, since it consists of lewis b tetrasaccharide and lactose whose d-glucose residue can be utilized as a linker. we thus developed a method to synthesize this he ... | 2010 | 20816225 |
| mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha-mediated mcl1 regulation in helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric epithelium. | hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif1) consists of a hypoxia-inducible α subunit and a constitutively expressed β subunit. reactive oxygen species (ros) induced by helicobacter pylori stabilize hif1α in the human gastric epithelium in normoxia. hif1α plays crucial role in carcinogenesis and has been associated with malignant progression of gastric cancer. several genes contain functional hypoxia-response elements (hres) in their promoters including bcl2 family member, mcl1. cellular ratios of antiapo ... | 2010 | 20829524 |