Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks in selected south bohemian locations (czech republic). | in selected localities of ceské budĕjovice and ceský, krumlov districts, well known by stable high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) human cases but with low incidence of lyme borreliosis, monitoring of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in ixodes ricinus ticks was performed. research was also aimed at the spread of i. ricinus to mountain areas of this region (national park sumava), as well as at investigating this tick for b. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies and tbe virus infection. al ... | 2004 | 15508414 |
| the epidemiology of lyme borreliosis. | the tick-transmitted bacterial infection known as lyme disease, or lyme borreliosis, has recently emerged as the leading arthropod-borne disease in europe and north america. several thousand new cases of human lyme disease are reported each year from europe and the usa. the causative agent, borrelia burgdorferi, has been isolated from several species of mammals, birds, ticks and insects and, in this article, thomas jaenson discusses the geographical differences in the epidemiology of the infecti ... | 1991 | 15463419 |
| [virological and immunological indices in patients with multiple sclerosis]. | the level of specific antibodies to viruses of measles, parotitis, type-6 herpes, epstein-barr, tick-borne encephalitis and borrelia burgdorferi as well as presence of genetic samples and antigens of the above infectious antigens were studied in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). the cytokines th1 and th2 parameters were investigated in blood serum of patients at different ms stages. the titer of antibodies to measles virus was noted to be increasing in ms patients with age and disease aggra ... | 2004 | 15455682 |
| detection and characterization of borrelia bissettii in rodents from the central california coast. | this is the first report of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from san luis obispo county, with most isolates obtained from a previously unreported host, neotoma lepida thomas. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was identified in seven rodent species, including the california vole, microtus californicus peale; dusky-footed woodrat, neotoma fuscipes baird; desert woodrat, neotoma lepida thomas; brush mouse, peromyscus boylii baird; california mouse, peromyscus californicus gambel; deer mouse, per ... | 2004 | 15311469 |
| borrelia burgdorferi genes selectively expressed in ticks and mammals. | lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. recent studies have focused on how the lyme disease bacterium overcomes the challenges faced by an organism that depends on a vector-borne life style. these studies indicate that the spirochete expresses different surface proteins at different stages of its life. here, aravinda de silva and erol fikrig review the evidence for differential gene expression and discuss the implications of these findings for the ly ... | 1997 | 15275064 |
| facial nerve palsy after human herpesvirus 6 infection. | facial nerve palsy has long been considered to have an infectious etiology, either viruses, mainly herpesviruses, or bacteria, such as borrelia burgdorferi. we report for the first time the association of human herpesvirus 6 and facial palsy in a previously healthy 1-year 9-month-old boy who developed left facial nerve palsy 7 days after exanthema subitum caused by human herpesvirus 6. | 2004 | 15247617 |
| 4th meeting of the eu research network eurome: from the identification of genes and cellular networks in murine models of arthritis to novel therapeutic intervention strategies in rheumatoid arthritis, london, uk, 9 march 2004. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a common human disease with a prevalence of about 1% in most parts of the world. at the time of symptom onset it is difficult to predict the severity of subsequent disease course. after 2 years joint erosions are seen in most patients, and most patients become clinically disabled within 20 years. a recent meeting at the kennedy institute of rheumatology (imperial college, london) brought together representatives from several european centres of excellence, to discuss ... | 2004 | 15225359 |
| lysine-dependent multipoint binding of the borrelia burgdorferi virulence factor outer surface protein e to the c terminus of factor h. | serum resistance, an important virulence determinant of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains belonging to the borrelia afzelii and b. burgdorferi sensu stricto genotypes, is related to binding of the complement inhibitor factor h to the spirochete surface protein outer surface protein e (ospe) and its homologues. in this study, we show that the c-terminal short consensus repeats 18-20 of both human and mouse factor h bind to ospe. analogously, factor h-related protein 1, a distinct plasma pro ... | 2004 | 15128807 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum ligation to toll-like receptor (tlr) 2, but not to tlr4, activates macrophages for nuclear factor-kappa b nuclear translocation. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils and causes human anaplasmosis (formerly human granulocytic ehrlichiosis). interferon (ifn)- gamma causes immunopathology in a. phagocytophilum infection models. plasma ifn- gamma levels are elevated 4 h after infection in experimentally infected mice, which indicates innate immunity and possible toll-like receptors (tlrs). the ability of a. phagocytophilum to trigger proinflammatory responses via nuclear fa ... | 2004 | 15122530 |
| borrelia burgdorferi-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases from human chondrocytes requires mitogen-activated protein kinase and janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. | elevations in matrix metalloproteinase 1 (mmp-1) and mmp-3 have been found in patients with lyme arthritis and in in vitro models of lyme arthritis using cartilage explants and chondrocytes. the pathways by which b. burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, induces the production of mmp-1 and mmp-3 have not been elucidated. we examined the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (erk1/2), c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and the jan ... | 2004 | 15102798 |
| populations of human t lymphocytes that traverse the vascular endothelium stimulated by borrelia burgdorferi are enriched with cells that secrete gamma interferon. | some diseases are characterized by prevalence in the affected tissues of type 1 t lymphocytes, which secrete gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and other proinflammatory cytokines. for example, type 1 t cells predominate in the lesions of patients with lyme disease, which is caused by the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi. we used an in vitro model of the blood vessel wall to test the premise that the vascular endothelium actively recruits circulating type 1 t cells to such lesions. when t lymphocytes is ... | 2004 | 14977959 |
| identification of novel virulence-associated genes via genome analysis of hypothetical genes. | the sequencing of bacterial genomes has opened new perspectives for identification of targets for treatment of infectious diseases. we have identified a set of novel virulence-associated genes (vag genes) by comparing the genome sequences of six human pathogens that are known to cause persistent or chronic infections in humans: yersinia pestis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, helicobacter pylori, borrelia burgdorferi, streptococcus pneumoniae, and treponema pallidum. this comparison was limited to genes ... | 2004 | 14977936 |
| selective induction of matrix metalloproteinases by borrelia burgdorferi via toll-like receptor 2 in monocytes. | regulation of secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) underlies the basis of numerous physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organisms. the toll receptor family, which is conserved from drosophila species to humans, mediates pattern recognition of a diversity of ligands involved in morphogenesis and innate immunity. here, we show that secretion of mmp-9 is selectively induced through toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 in human and murine monocytic cells stimulated with borrelia bu ... | 2004 | 14702161 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna in ixodes ricinus ticks in north-western poland. | in order to estimate the risk of contracting lyme disease in the forest areas of north-western poland, pcr-based studies were carried out on 6,817 ixodes ricinus ticks for infection by the spirochaete b. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). the studies were performed using the primers for the fla gene, conserved for all european genospecies of b. burgdorferi s.l. based on the incidence of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna in i. ricinus ticks at eight sampling sites during 1998-2001, it may be concluded that a r ... | 2003 | 14677908 |
| phenotypes indicating cytolytic properties of borrelia-specific interferon-gamma secreting cells in chronic lyme neuroborreliosis. | the immuno-pathogenetic mechanisms underlying chronic lyme neuroborreliosis are mainly unknown. human borrelia burgdorferi (bb) infection is associated with bb-specific secretion of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), which may be important for the elimination of bb, but this may also cause tissue injury. in order to increase the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms in chronic neuroborreliosis, we investigated which cell types that secrete ifn-gamma. blood mononuclear cells from 13 patients with ... | 2003 | 14644037 |
| complement resistance of borrelia burgdorferi correlates with the expression of bbcrasp-1, a novel linear plasmid-encoded surface protein that interacts with human factor h and fhl-1 and is unrelated to erp proteins. | the etiologic agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, is capable of circumventing the immune defense of a variety of potential vertebrate hosts. previous work has shown that interaction of host-derived complement regulators, factor h and factor h-like protein 1 (fhl-1), with up to five complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (crasps) expressed by resistant b. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates conferred complement resistance. in addition expression of crasp-1 is directly correlated wit ... | 2004 | 14607842 |
| genetic diversity among borrelia strains determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the ospc gene and its association with invasiveness. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is a tick-borne spirochetal infection caused by three borrelia species: borrelia afzelii, b. garinii, and b. burgdorferi sensu stricto. lb evolves in two stages: a skin lesion called erythema migrans and later, different disseminated forms (articular, neurological, cardiac.). previous research based on analysis of ospc sequences allowed the definition of 58 groups (divergence of <2% within a group and >8% between groups). only 10 of these groups include all of the strains i ... | 2003 | 14605139 |
| detection of genetic diversity in linear plasmids 28-3 and 36 in borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates by subtractive hybridization. | recent studies based on sequence divergence in the ospc gene have identified limited subpopulations of b. burgdorferi associated with invasive human disease. spirochetes with certain ospc types never cause human disease, while some others cause local infection at the primary skin site but do not hematogenously disseminate. only four ospc genotypes (a, b, i and k) are responsible for disseminated disease and are found in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and hence are termed invasive strains. su ... | 2003 | 14580390 |
| an enzootic transmission cycle of lyme borreliosis spirochetes in the southeastern united states. | lyme borreliosis, or lyme disease (ld), is a tick-borne zoonotic infection of biomedical significance, caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) spirochetes and transmitted by ixodes species ticks. it usually circulates among wildlife vertebrate reservoirs and vector ticks but may infect humans, causing multisystem problems. in far western and northern north america, the host reservoirs, tick vectors, and genospecies of borrelia are well known but not so in the southern u.s., where there ... | 2003 | 14500917 |
| the urokinase receptor can be induced by borrelia burgdorferi through receptors of the innate immune system. | monocytic cells exposed to borrelia burgdorferi, through unknown receptors, overexpress the urokinase receptor (upar), a key mediator of the plasminogen activation system. we show that combined blockade of cd14 and tlr2 causes a significant inhibition of b. burgdorferi-induced upar in mono mac 6 (mm6) cells. other pattern recognition receptors tested (cd11b/cd18, the mannose receptor, and the n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptor) did not have demonstrated roles in b. burgdorferi-medi ... | 2003 | 14500474 |
| anetoderma and borreliosis: is there a pathogenetic relationship? | a 32-year-old man simultaneously developed anetoderma and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans on his left arm and showed a positive serology for borreliosis with elisa and western blot tests. in addition, a 45 year-old man is presented with anetoderma without any associated systemic or cutaneous diseases, with b. afzelii confirmed as a singular causality through serology (elisa, western blot) and amplification of b. afzelii-specific dna from the skin by pcr. these two observations highly suggest ... | 2003 | 12948924 |
| serological evidence for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in western austria. | in order to evaluate the seroprevalence of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in western austria, sera from 357 tyrolean blood donors were tested by an immunofluorescence assay. to assess the concomitant seroreactivity against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, sera were further investigated by enzyme-linked immunoassay and western blot. thirty-two sera (9.0%) showed antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum at a titre of 1:128 or higher, and 30 (8.4%) were seroreactive against borrelia burgdorferi sen ... | 2003 | 12938008 |
| 2 minute non-invasive screening for cardio-vascular diseases: relative limitation of c-reactive protein compared with more sensitive l-homocystine as cardio-vascular risk factors; safe and effective treatment using the selective drug uptake enhancement method. | contrary to the present practice of measurement of cardio-vascular risk factors or inflammatory risk factors such as c-reactive protein (crp) from a blood sample from the vein of one arm, by using the bi-digital o-ring test resonance phenomena between 2 identical substances, one can non-invasively detect the approximate location on the body of abnormally increased risk factors in just 2 minutes, by detecting the resonance with l-homocystine, even when blood crp failed to detect any abnormality. ... | 2003 | 12934959 |
| coevolution of markers of innate and adaptive immunity in skin and peripheral blood of patients with erythema migrans. | we used multiparameter flow cytometry to characterize leukocyte immunophenotypes and cytokines in skin and peripheral blood of patients with erythema migrans (em). dermal leukocytes and cytokines were assessed in fluids aspirated from epidermal suction blisters raised over em lesions and skin of uninfected controls. compared with corresponding peripheral blood, em infiltrates were enriched for t cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells (dcs), contained lower proportions of neutrophils, ... | 2003 | 12928420 |
| [seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. from 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern austrian federal states of styria and burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following viral, bact ... | 2003 | 12894685 |
| increasing health burden of human babesiosis in endemic sites. | human infection due to babesia microti has been regarded as infrequent and a condition primarily affecting the elderly or immunocompromised. to determine whether risk in endemic sites may be increasing relative to that of borrelia burgdorferi and to define its age-related clinical spectrum, we carried out a 10-year community-based serosurvey and case finding study on block island, rhode island. less intensive observations were conducted in nearby sites. incidence of babesial infection on block i ... | 2003 | 12875292 |
| cellular recognition of tri-/di-palmitoylated peptides is independent from a domain encompassing the n-terminal seven leucine-rich repeat (lrr)/lrr-like motifs of tlr2. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) mediate microbial pattern recognition in vertebrates. a broad variety of agonists has been attributed to tlr2 and three tlrs, tlr4, tlr2, and tlr5, have been demonstrated to bind microbial products. distinct agonists might interact with different subdomains of the tlr2 extracellular domain. the tlr2 extracellular domain sequence includes 10 canonical leucine-rich repeat (lrr) motifs and 8-10 additional and potentially functionally relevant lrr-like motifs. thus, the tr ... | 2003 | 12860988 |
| transverse myelitis secondary to coexistent lyme disease and babesiosis. | to describe transverse myelitis secondary to coexistent lyme disease and babesiosis. | 2003 | 12828297 |
| [comparative analysis of use of two strains of various genotypes of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato as antigens for antibody identification in ixodes tick borreliosis by indirect immunofluorescence]. | the results of the indirect reaction of immune-fluorescence (irif) was studied in testing 49 sera of 19 patients with lyme-borreliosis with antigens of genotypes borrelia afzeli (strain jp-21) and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (strain no. 17); rabbit fluorescini-sothiocyanate-marked conjugates to human immunoglobulins m and g as well as polyvalent conjugate were used of. no reliable differences were found between all positive and all negative results. the biggest portion of positive results ... | 2003 | 12822309 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophila and borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes persulcatus ticks from northeastern china. | a total of 1,345 ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from northeastern china were investigated for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophila and borrelia burgdorferi by a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). sixty-two (4.6%) ticks were positive for a. phagocytophila and 454 (33.8%) were positive for b. burgdorferi. seven (0.5%) were coinfected with both agents. sequence analysis of 919-basepair pcr amplicons revealed three types of a. phagocytophila. type 1 was identical to the published sequen ... | 2003 | 12812342 |
| toll-like receptor 2 plays a pivotal role in host defense and inflammatory response to borrelia burgdorferi. | 2002 | 12804169 | |
| decorin-binding sites in the adhesin dbpa from borrelia burgdorferi: a synthetic peptide approach. | lyme disease is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi following transmission from infected ixodes ticks to human hosts. following colonization of the skin, spirochetes can disseminate throughout the body, resulting in complications that can include ocular, cardiac, neural, and skeletal disease. we have previously shown that b. burgdorferi expresses two closely related decorin-binding adhesins (dbpa and dbpb) of the mscramm (microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecule ... | 2003 | 12761224 |
| analysis of the ospe determinants involved in binding of factor h and ospe-targeting antibodies elicited during borrelia burgdorferi infection in mice. | immune evasion by lyme spirochetes is a multifactorial process involving numerous mechanisms. the ospe protein family undergoes antigenic variation during infection and binds factor h (fh) and possibly fhl-1/reconectin. in borrelia burgdorferi b31mi, the ospe family consists of three paralogs: bbl39 (erpa), bbp38, and bbn38 (erpp). bbl39 and bbp38 are identical and therefore are referred to here as bbl39. the goals of this study were to assess the specificity of the antibody (ab) response to the ... | 2003 | 12761144 |
| antibody detection in human serum using a versatile protein chip platform constructed by applying nanoscale self-assembled architectures on gold. | we report a novel high-throughput (htp) protein chip platform, constructed on gold using self-assembly techniques, for conducting high quality antigen-antibody interactions. biotinylated monolayers were used to immobilize a streptavidin surface with high packing density. this biocompatible platform was then used for detection of serum igm antibodies. serum samples of patients suspected to suffer from lyme borreliosis were used to validate the protein chip platform using biotinylated peptide aaos ... | 2002 | 12645899 |
| interaction of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with epstein-barr virus in lymphoblastoid cells. | since the possibility of interruption of latent ebv infection has been suggested by the induction of the lytic virus cycle with chemical substances, other viruses, and by immunosuppression, we hypothesized that the same effect might happen in b. burgdorferi sensu lato infection as happens in lyme disease patients with positive serology for both agents. we have observed ebv replication in lymphoblastoid cells after superinfection with b. garinii and b. afzelii strains after 1 and 4 h of their int ... | 2003 | 12630667 |
| serum-resistant strains of borrelia burgdorferi evade complement-mediated killing by expressing a cd59-like complement inhibitory molecule. | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, comprises three genospecies, borrelia garinii, afzelii, and burgdorferi sensu strictu, that exhibit different pathogenicity and differ in the susceptibility to c-mediated killing. we examined c-sensitive and c-resistant strains of b. burgdorferi for deposition of c3 and late c components by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. despite comparable deposition of c3 on the two strains, the resistant strain exhibited reduced staining ... | 2003 | 12626580 |
| simultaneous infection with borrelia burgdorferi and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | a 5-year-old child with simultaneous early lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is described. because of the shared vector, hge and lyme disease are increasingly identified as coinfections in tick-exposed patients. early recognition of concurrent lyme disease and hge is important because amoxicillin, an antibiotic of choice for young children with early lyme disease, is ineffective for hge. | 2003 | 12553302 |
| seroprevalence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in sheep and goats from mountainous areas of slovakia. | in the present study, domestic animals such as sheep and goats from eastern slovakia were screened for the presence of anti-borrelia antibodies. seroprevalence in 181 sheep and 65 goats were carried out in 1999 and 2000. modified elisa method was used for detection of anti-borrelia igg antibodies. seroprevalence obtained was 15.8% and 17.5% in 1999 and 2000 respectively in sheep, whereas in goats it was 17.2% and 19.4% respectively. the results suggest that these domestic species have potential ... | 2002 | 12498582 |
| sublethal concentrations of complement can effectively opsonize borrelia burgdorferi. | the fate of borreliae invading a human may depend on the early innate response they induce. the interactions of human complement system and neutrophils with two strains of the lyme borreliosis spirochete borrelia burgdorferi were studied. borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto b31 (resistant to a 28% concentration of normal human serum (nhs)) and borrelia garinii bg a218/98 (sensitive to 7% nhs) were examined. both strains induced neutrophil oxidative burst in a complement-dependent manner. b31 requ ... | 2002 | 12472666 |
| molecular diversity of the ospc gene in borrelia. impact on phylogeny, epidemiology and pathology. | lyme borreliosis is a 2 steps disease: i) localized erythema migrans ii) occasionally a disseminated disease. three out of the 10 up to now described borrelia species are pathogenic for man and each of them exhibits its own organotropism: joints for borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (b.b. ss), nervous system for b. garinii, skin for b. afzelii, ospc gene is subject to lateral transfer leading to a huge diversity among corresponding encoded proteins. this allows the spirochete to develop a reper ... | 2002 | 12422602 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from human material in slovenia. | the aim of the study was to assess genotypic and phenotypic diversity among a large number of clinical isolates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato obtained from patients in slovenia. plasmid profiles and species identification were determined by pfge, protein profiles by sds-page. of 706 b. burgdorferi sensu lato human isolates 599 (85%) were found to be b. afzelii, 101 (14%) b. garinii and six (1%) b. burgdorferi sensu stricto. the vast majority of strains (605; 86%) were isolated from skin, 58 ... | 2002 | 12422599 |
| pcr detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent in ixodes persulcatus ticks from western siberia, russia. | pcr assays were used to test adult ixodes persulcatus ticks from western siberia, russia, for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent. of the 150 ticks that were studied, 38% were infected with b. burgdorferi, 46% were infected with tbev, and 8% were infected with the hge agent. these three pathogens were distributed in the ticks independently of one another. | 2002 | 12354885 |
| treatment of tick-borne diseases. | to review the data regarding the pharmacotherapy of lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), and the human ehrlichioses. | 2002 | 12243610 |
| detection of four borrelia burgdorferi genospecies and first report of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in central italy. | the presence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and of ehrlichia phagocytophila group was sought by pcr in ixodes ricinus collected in a protected area of central italy. nymphs (n = 1475, gathered in 295 pools of 5 nymphs each) and adult ticks (n = 28) were examined. b. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 13.8% of the nymph pools; of these, 63.4% were infected by b. valaisiana, 26.8% by b. afzelii, 7.3% by b. garinii, and 2.5% by b. burgdorferi s.s. only a single adult male tick proved to host b. afzelii ... | 2002 | 12211602 |
| determination of novel borrelia genospecies in swedish ixodes ricinus ticks. | a total of 301 adult questing ixodes ricinus ticks were collected at 15 different locations along the south and east coasts of sweden to determine the borrelia genospecies diversity. thirty-two ticks (11%) were found to be positive by nested pcr with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-specific primers. species determination was based on partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and the flagellin gene. five different borrelia species were found. the nucleotide sequence of the borrelia dna found in two ... | 2002 | 12202571 |
| [new aspects of the pathogenesis of lyme disease]. | morphological changes of b. burgdorferi as well as changes in expression of surface proteins caused by environmental determinants are essential in pathogenesis of lyme disease. cysts, spherical form (spheroplasts, l-form) and "blebs" (gemmae) can be responsible for long lasting antigenic stimulation, signs of chronic borreliosis, and even probably connected with ms and alzheimer disease. mechanisms to avoid elimination and persistence in the host include: expression of low heterogenic osp a, b r ... | 2002 | 12194230 |
| the use of chosen serological diagnostic methods in lyme disease in horses. part i. indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | the investigations aimed to establish the reliability of the chosen serological tests designed for the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis in horses. the investigations were carried out in five horse breeding centres (ohk). statistical analysis methods were used to determine sample size for particular centres: krasne (kr)--49, łack (ł)--21, walewice (w)--111, bogusławice (b)--17, kozienice (k)--61. the experimental material comprised the chosen horses from which blood samples were collected in order t ... | 2002 | 12189952 |
| immune evasion of borrelia burgdorferi: insufficient killing of the pathogens by complement and antibody. | the innate immune system and, in particular, the complement system play a key role in the elimination of micro-organisms after entrance in the human host. like other pathogens, borreliae must develop strategies to inactivate host defence mechanisms. by investigating serum (nhs)-susceptibility of borreliae, we found that mainly b. afzelii isolates are serum-resistant, whereas the majority of b. burgdorferi s. s. isolates display an intermediate serum-sensitive phenotype. in contrast, b. garinii i ... | 2002 | 12141738 |
| evidence that the variable regions of the central domain of vlse are antigenic during infection with lyme disease spirochetes. | it has been postulated that the vls system of the lyme disease spirochetes contributes to immune evasion through antigenic variation. while it is clear that vlse undergoes sequence change within its variable regions at a high frequency during the early stages of infection, a definitive role in immune evasion has not been demonstrated. in this report we assessed the murine and human humoral immune response to recombinant (r)-vlse variants that originally arose during infection in mice. immunoblot ... | 2002 | 12117928 |
| lateral gene transfer of foreign dna: the missing link between cannabis psychosis and schizophrenia. | 2002 | 12116185 | |
| seroprevalence of babesia infections in humans exposed to ticks in midwestern germany. | babesiosis is considered to be an emerging tick-borne disease in humans worldwide. however, most studies on the epidemiology of human babesiosis to date have been carried out in north america, and there is little knowledge on the prevalence of infection and frequency of disease in other areas. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of babesia infections in a human population in germany. a total of 467 sera collected between may and october 1999 from individuals living in the rhe ... | 2002 | 12089258 |
| recent advances in the diagnosis of lyme disease. | diagnosis of human lyme borreliosis is usually based on serology, which has a number of pitfalls. in the early phase of the disease serology can still be negative, whereas false-positive results are also common. the interpretation of confirmatory western blot tests is not always easy. furthermore, routine serology cannot discriminate between active and past infection. in addition, recombinant antigens are being introduced to improve serologic tests. new developments in the diagnosis of lyme dise ... | 2001 | 11901856 |
| [lyme disease presenting as infarction pain. a case report]. | lyme's disease is a multi-system condition due to infection with a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi), transmitted by a tick. cardiac involvement, which is not systematic, usually presents with transient atrioventricular block of varying degree. the authors describe an unusual presentation of the cardiac involvement of lyme's disease with chest pain resembling an acute coronary syndrome in a 32 year old man. the characteristic skin lesion (erythema migrans), the positivity of igm serology, the my ... | 2001 | 11828929 |
| the rhesus model of lyme neuroborreliosis. | similarity of pathology and disease progression make the non-human primate (nhp) model of lyme neuroborreliosis appropriate and valuable. in the nhp model of lyme neuroborreliosis, spirochetal density in the nervous system and other tissues has been measured by polymerase chain reaction and correlated to anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibody in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid and to inflammation in tissues. despite the demonstrable presence of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme bor ... | 2001 | 11782257 |
| bacterial plasminogen activators and receptors. | invasive bacterial pathogens intervene at various stages and by various mechanisms with the mammalian plasminogen/plasmin system. a vast number of pathogens express plasmin(ogen) receptors that immobilize plasmin(ogen) on the bacterial surface, an event that enhances activation of plasminogen by mammalian plasminogen activators. bacteria also influence secretion of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors from mammalian cells. the prokaryotic plasminogen activators streptokinase and staphylok ... | 2001 | 11742690 |
| risk of lyme disease: perceptions of residents of a lone star tick-infested community. | lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) have been suggested as a vector of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) in the usa, based on associations with an infection manifesting mainly as erythema migrans. in laboratory experiments, however, they failed to transmit b. burgdorferi sensu stricto. | 2001 | 11693973 |
| aortic valve endocarditis in a dog due to bartonella clarridgeiae. | we report the first documented case of endocarditis associated with bartonella clarridgeiae in any species. b. clarridgeiae was identified as a possible etiological agent of human cat scratch disease. infective vegetative valvular aortic endocarditis was diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old male neutered boxer. historically, the dog had been diagnosed with a systolic murmur at 16 months of age and underwent balloon valvuloplasty for severe valvular aortic stenosis. six months later, the dog was brought t ... | 2001 | 11574571 |
| coinfection with borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | 2001 | 11450674 | |
| screening of patients with complex regional pain syndrome for antecedent infections. | this study was designed to investigate whether complex regional pain syndrome type i (crps i) could be linked to any previous infection. | 2001 | 11444711 |
| borrelia lonestari infection after a bite by an amblyomma americanum tick. | erythematous rashes that are suggestive of early lyme disease have been associated with the bite of amblyomma americanum ticks, particularly in the southern united states. however, borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, has not been cultured from skin biopsy specimens from these patients, and diagnostic serum antibodies usually have not been found. borrelia lonestari sp nov, an uncultured spirochete, has been detected in a. americanum ticks by dna amplification techniques, bu ... | 2001 | 11372036 |
| gamma interferon is not required for arthritis resistance in the murine lyme disease model. | lyme arthritis is the most common complication following infection of human individuals with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. in mice, b. burgdorferi infection leads to arthritis of the tibiotarsal joints. arthritis severity in mice is under host genetic control, as balb/c mice developed mild arthritis but c3h/he mice developed severe disease following b. burgdorferi infection. to study the role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in arthritogenesis, targeted mutant mice lacking the ifn-gamma rec ... | 2001 | 11349038 |
| first long-term study of the seroresponse to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis among residents of a tick-endemic area of sweden. | the seroprevalence of granulocytic ehrlichiosis has been documented in several studies, but little data exists on incidence rates. using sera stored from an earlier study on lyme borreliosis, 290 residents of aspö island could be followed prospectively during two tick seasons (1992-1994). immunoglobulin g antibodies to granulocytic ehrlichiosis were detected by an immunofluorescence assay using ehrli- chia equi as antigen. seroprevalence rates increased significantly over time, and at the 1994 f ... | 2001 | 11347666 |
| [hepatic disorders related to lyme disease. study of two cases and a review of the literature]. | we report two cases of lyme disease, revealed by hepatic damage in a 71- and a 59-year old man. in the first case, the disease was revealed by febrile jaundice whereas, in the second case, results of liver tests showed cytolytic and cholestatic abnormalities with fever. lyme disease is a zoonosis due to infection by borrelia burdorferi transmitted by ticks. the multiple phases of the disease explain the polymorphism of the clinical manifestations. usually, extrahepatic symptoms are first observe ... | 2001 | 11319444 |
| molecular mimicry in lyme arthritis demonstrated at the single cell level: lfa-1 alpha l is a partial agonist for outer surface protein a-reactive t cells. | antibiotic treatment-resistant lyme arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that follows infection with borrelia burgdorferi (bb:). a marked ab and t cell response to bb: outer surface protein a (ospa) often develops during prolonged episodes of arthritis. furthermore, cross-reaction between the bacterial ospa and human lfa-1alpha(l) at the t cell level and the inability to detect bb: in the joint implicate an autoimmune mechanism. to analyze the nature of response to ospa and lfa-1alp ... | 2001 | 11290815 |
| ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. | ticks are currently considered to be second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human infectious diseases in the world. each tick species has preferred environmental conditions and biotopes that determine the geographic distribution of the ticks and, consequently, the risk areas for tickborne diseases. this is particularly the case when ticks are vectors and reservoirs of the pathogens. since the identification of borrelia burgdorferi as the agent of lyme disease in 1982, 15 ixodid-borne bacterial ... | 2001 | 11247714 |
| dogs as sentinels for human lyme borreliosis in the netherlands. | serum samples from hunters (n = 440), their hunting dogs (n = 448), and hunters without dog ownership (n = 53) were collected in the netherlands at hunting dog trials and were tested for antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi by a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. additionally, 75 healthy pet dogs were tested. the results of this study indicate that the seroprevalence among hunting dogs (18%) was of the same order as the seroprevalence among pet dogs (17%) and hunters (15%). the ser ... | 2001 | 11230393 |
| isolation of a circular plasmid region sufficient for autonomous replication and transformation of infectious borrelia burgdorferi. | borrelia burgdorferi contains abundant circular and linear plasmids, but the mechanism of replication of these extrachromosomal elements is unknown. a b. burgdorferi 9 kb circular plasmid (cp9) was amplified in its entirety by the polymerase chain reaction and used to construct a shuttle vector that replicates in escherichia coli and b. burgdorferi. a 3.3 kb region of cp9 containing three open reading frames was used to construct a smaller shuttle vector, designated pbsv2. this vector was stably ... | 2001 | 11169111 |
| molecular and pathogenic characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from spain. | fifteen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from questing ticks and skin biopsy specimens from erythema migrans patients in three different areas of spain were characterized. four different genospecies were found (nine borrelia garinii, including the two human isolates, three b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, two b. valaisiana, and one b. lusitaniae), showing a diverse spectrum of b. burgdorferi sensu lato species. b. garinii isolates were highly variable in terms of pulsed-field gel electropho ... | 2000 | 11060064 |
| borrelia-like spirochetes recovered from ticks and small mammals collected in the atlantic forest reserve, cotia county, state of são paulo, brazil. | forty-four marsupials, 77 rodents and 161 ticks were captured in an atlantic forest reserve in cotia county, state of são paulo, where human cases of lyme disease (ld) simile were reported. twenty-one borrelia-like spirochete isolates were recovered from the mammals' blood and rodent livers or spleens, and triturated ticks inoculated into bsk ii medium. our results suggest that the reservoirs and ticks collected may harbor borrelia-like spirochetes, some of which have an antigenic similarity wit ... | 2000 | 10998210 |
| lyme disease. | lyme disease (ld) is the most common tick-borne disease in the us. the overall trend has been an average annual increase in cases since surveillance was initiated by the centers for disease control and prevention in 1982. to date, 10 different borrelia species have been described within the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, although only borrelia burgdorferi sensu strico, borrelia garinii, and borrelia afzelii have been associated with human disease. ixodes ticks often carry more than one ... | 2000 | 10910185 |
| modulation of lymphocyte proliferative responses by a canine lyme disease vaccine of recombinant outer surface protein a (ospa). | the modulation of human lymphocyte proliferative responses was demonstrated with a recombinant outer surface protein a (ospa) vaccine preparation for the prevention of borrelia burgdorferi infection. after exposure to either the unaltered vaccine preparation or ospa prepared in saline, normal lymphocyte responses to the mitogens concanavalin a, phytohemagglutinin-m or pokeweed mitogen, or the antigen bcg were consistently reduced. whole cell extracts of b. burgdorferi also modulated immune respo ... | 2000 | 10865170 |
| epidemiological characteristics of dogs with lyme borreliosis in the province of soria (spain). | from the point of view of the human disease, dogs are the most important animal reservoir of lyme borreliosis; therefore, they are used as 'sentinel animals'. in order to know the epidemiological characteristics of dogs with antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, 146 canine sera samples collected during 1993-94 have been studied. the antibody detection was made by an indirect immunofluorescence method and confirmed by a haemagglutination test. seventeen dogs (11.6%) were seropositive, of which ... | 2000 | 10845256 |
| [lyme borreliosis]. | the epidemiology of lyme borreliosis is described with stress laid on the relations between ticks as vectors and the animals which are the reservoir of borrelia infecting man. other discussed problems include the possibility of infection of man, the seasonal character of new cases, the worldwide presence of ixodes ticks and their species in various continents, the incidence of lyme borreliosis in various countries. | 1999 | 10800570 |
| the lipid component of lipoproteins from borrelia burgdorferi: structural analysis, antigenicity, and presentation via human dendritic cells. | the spirochaetal bacteria borrelia burgdorferi (bb) is the tick-borne causative agent of lyme disease. the major membrane immunogens of bb are outer surface proteins. the lipid component of these lipoproteins is relevant for the immunogenicity of bb-lipoproteins. to characterize the antigenic properties, the native lipid component of lipoproteins was isolated and the detailed molecular structure was analyzed. the molecular structure of the lipoprotein-lipid component turned out to be s(propane-2 ... | 2000 | 10673388 |
| evidence of dbps (decorin binding proteins) among european strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and in the immune response of lb patient sera. | decorin binding proteins dbpa and dbpb act as borrelia burgdorferi (b. burgdorferi) adhesins to decorin, and are able to elicit a persistent antibody response in the mouse; accordingly dbpa protein would seem to be promising in immunoprofilaxis of lyme borreliosis (lb). this study examines the distribution of dbp epitopes in european strains of b. burgdorferi, of different genospecies and the presence of antibodies to dbps in human sera from patients suffering from early and late lb, as revealed ... | 2000 | 10650211 |
| human antibody responses to vlse antigenic variation protein of borrelia burgdorferi. | vlse is a 35-kda surface-exposed lipoprotein of borrelia burgdorferi that was shown previously to undergo antigenic variation through segmental recombination of silent vls cassettes with vlse during experimental mouse infections. previous data had indicated that sera from north american lyme disease patients and experimentally infected animals contained antibodies reactive with vlse. in this study, sera from patients with lyme disease, syphilis, and autoimmune conditions as well as from healthy ... | 1999 | 10565921 |
| toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) 2 and 4 are signal transducers for lipopolysaccharide, the major proinflammatory constituent in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. we observed that membrane lipoproteins/lipopeptides from borrelia burgdorferi, treponema pallidum, and mycoplasma fermentans activated cells heterologously expressing tlr2 but not those expressing tlr1 or tlr4. these tlr2-expressing cells were also stimulated by living motile b. burgdorferi, suggesting that tlr2 recognition of li ... | 1999 | 10559223 |
| identification of two transcripts of canine, feline, and porcine interleukin-1 alpha. | reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with interleukin-1alpha (il-1alpha)-specific primers using total rna from lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated lung macrophages resulted in the amplification of two distinct cdna fragments. cloning and sequencing of the canine and feline fragments revealed that, except for the absence of a specific 174 nucleotide sequence, the short and the long transcripts were identical. the in-frame 174 nucleotide deletion corresponds to exon 5 of the hu ... | 1999 | 10452947 |
| proteomics in human disease: cancer, heart and infectious diseases. | in recent years, genomics has increased the understanding of many diseases. proteomics is a rapidly growing research area that encompasses both genetic and environmental factors. the protein composition represents the functional status of a biological compartment. the five approaches presented here resulted in the detection of disease-associated proteins. calgranulin b was upregulated in colorectal cancer, and hepatoma-derived aldose reductase-like protein was reexpressed in a rat model during h ... | 1999 | 10451122 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of lyme borreliosis in children. practice guideline of the german society for pediatric infectious diseases]. | lyme borreliosis is the most frequent tickborne++ disease of man in the northern hemisphere. a variety of systems may be involved. the most frequent manifestations in childhood include erythema migrans, meningitis, cranial nerve palsy and arthritis. erythema migrans usually is easily recognised and determination of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi should not be performed. childhood neuroborreliosis is characterised mostly by aseptic meningitis with or without cranial nerve palsy, in most cases ... | 1999 | 10407814 |
| four clones of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto cause invasive infection in humans. | lyme disease begins at the site of a tick bite, producing a primary infection with spread of the organism to secondary sites occurring early in the course of infection. a major outer surface protein expressed by the spirochete early in infection is outer surface protein c (ospc). in borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, ospc is highly variable. based on sequence divergence, alleles of ospc can be divided into 21 major groups. to assess whether strain differences defined by ospc group are linked to ... | 1999 | 10377134 |
| glycosaminoglycan-binding microbial proteins in tissue adhesion and invasion: key events in microbial pathogenicity. | glycosaminoglycans such as heparin, heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate, are distributed widely in the human body. several glycosaminoglycans form part of the extracellular matrix and heparan sulphate is expressed on all eukaryotic surfaces. the identification of specific binding to different glycosaminoglycan molecules by bacteria (e.g., helicobacter pylori, bordetella pertussis and chlamydia trachomatis), viruses (e.g., herpes simplex and dengue virus), and protozoa (e.g., plasmodium and le ... | 1999 | 10334589 |
| molecular characterization of a chemotaxis operon in the oral spirochete, treponema denticola. | a chemotaxis gene cluster from treponema denticola (td), a pathogenic spirochete associated with human periodontal diseases, was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. the gene cluster contained three chemotaxis (che) genes (chea, chew, and chey) and an open reading frame (chex) that is homologous with treponema pallidum (tp) and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) chex. the td che genes have the same transcriptional orientation with a sigma 70-like promoter located upstream of chea and a stem-loop structure ch ... | 1999 | 10333522 |
| infection of laboratory mice with the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent does not induce antibodies to diagnostically significant borrelia burgdorferi antigens. | laboratory diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi is routinely made by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with positive results confirmed by western blot analysis. concern has been raised that false-positive diagnoses may be made on the basis of serologic cross-reactivity with antibodies directed against other bacterial pathogens, in particular the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). the present study made use of a mouse model to ascertain the validity of these concerns. two different ... | 1999 | 10325386 |
| [progressive sensorineural hearing loss from infectious agents]. | the progressive sensorineural hearing loss due to infectious causes can involve different etiological agents like bacteria, viruses, protozoons or mycetes. these infectious agents can act in various ways: directly through a labyrinthitis that may destroy the neuroepithelium; through an ischaemic process secondary to a septic embolus; or through a thrombus. in some cases the damage can occur in a meningitis context, because of the passage of the germ in the inner through the nerves, the vases or ... | 1998 | 10205933 |
| asymptomatic borrelia-seropositive individuals display the same incidence of borrelia-specific interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)-secreting cells in blood as patients with clinical borrelia infection. | borrelia lyme disease is a complex disorder that sometimes becomes chronic. there are contradictory reports of experimental borrelia infections regarding which type of t cell cytokine responses, i.e. th1 or th2, are needed to eradicate the borrelia spirochaetes. in human borreliosis a predominance of borrelia-specific th1-like responses has been shown. in this study, spontaneous, as well as borrelia-specific, secretion of ifn-gamma (th1) and il-4 (th2) in borrelia-seropositive healthy asymptomat ... | 1999 | 10193424 |
| serologically diagnosed lyme disease manifesting erythema migrans in korea. | lyme disease is a vector-borne infection, primarily transmitted by ixodes ticks, and caused by borrelia burgdorferi. it has a wide distribution in the northern hemisphere. in korea, however, only one human case has been reported, although b. burgdorferi was isolated from the vector tick i. persulcatus in the region. a 60-year-old male and a 45-year-old female developed the clinical sign of erythema migrans. each patients were bitten by a tick four weeks and five weeks, respectively, before enter ... | 1999 | 10102530 |
| decorin-binding adhesins from borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme disease is a tick-transmitted infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. ticks deposit b. burgdorferi into the dermis of the host, where they eventually become associated with collagen fibres. we demonstrated previously that b. burgdorferi is unable to bind collagen, but can bind the collagen-associated proteoglycan decorin and expresses decorin-binding proteins (dbps). we have now cloned and sequenced two genes encoding the proteins, dbpa and dbpb, which have a similar struct ... | 1998 | 10094620 |
| serologic evidences suggesting the presence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in mexico. | lyme disease is the most common vector-borne human disease in europe and the united states. in mexico, clinical cases suggestive of lyme borreliosis have been reported; however, infection was not confirmed by serologic or microbiologic tests. | 1999 | 10071428 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in bulgaria. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is a recently described rickettsiosis in the united states transmitted by ixodes species ticks. in europe, only a few studies on hge exist. two hundred bulgarian patients with tick bites and 70 healthy blood donors were tested for hge using an immunofluorescence assay with the hge agent as an antigen. elevated antibody titers (> or = 1:80) were found in 14 (9.7 %) of 145 patients with erythema migrans, two (8%) of 25 tick-exposed patients with lymphadenopath ... | 1999 | 9988323 |
| from the food and drug administration. | 1999 | 9952188 | |
| induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins in monocytes is mediated by cd14. | we previously showed that heat-killed borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes and lipidated outer surface protein a (l-ospa) stimulated the in vitro production of interleukin-10 (il-10) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from uninfected humans and rhesus monkeys (g. giambartolomei et al., infect. immun. 66:2691-2697, 1998). here we demonstrate that uninfected human peripheral blood monocytes, but not b or t cells, are the cells that transcribe the il-10 cytokine gene in response to heat-kille ... | 1999 | 9864208 |
| geographic risk for lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in southern new york state. | ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), is prevalent in much of southern new york state. the distribution of this species has increased, as have reported cases of both lyme disease and hge. the unreliability of case reports, however, demonstrates the need for tick and pathogen surveillance in order to accurately define areas of high risk. in this study, a total of 89,550 m2 at 34 study sites was drag sampled in 1995 and a total of 51,540 m2 a ... | 1998 | 9835546 |
| heterogeneity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato demonstrated by an ospa-type-specific pcr in synovial fluid from patients with lyme arthritis. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agent of lyme borreliosis, has been divided into three genospecies: b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (ospa-type 1), b. afzelii (ospa-type 2) and b. garinii (ospa-type 3-7). whereas in europe b. afzelii (ospa-type 2) is predominant among human skin isolates and b. garinii (ospa-type 3-7) among human csf isolates, some previous serological studies suggested that lyme arthritis is also associated with b. burgdorferi sensu stricto in europe. in the presen ... | 1998 | 9832323 |
| a one-step solid phase immunoassay for simultaneous detection of serum igg and igm antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. | a one-step immunoassay for simultaneous detection of serum igg and igm antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi has been developed. the assay is based on c1q, which binds to immune complexes containing igg and/or igm antibodies. micro-beads pre-coated with antibodies to human c1q are mixed with human serum samples and fluorochrome-labelled b. burgdorferi flagellum antigen. in the presence of serum igg and/or igm antibodies to b. burgdorferi, fluorochrome-labelled antigen/antibody complexes are formed. ... | 1998 | 9819119 |
| differential expression of borrelia burgdorferi genes during erythema migrans and lyme arthritis. | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, selectively expresses genes in the arthropod vector and mammalian host. specific b. burgdorferi gene expression during human infection was examined in tissue specimens, using rna-polymerase chain reaction, from 3 patients with lyme disease. ospa was investigated because ospa is down-regulated by b. burgdorferi in ticks during engorgement and is a vaccine candidate in phase iii clinical trials. p35 and p37 were also assessed because these genes are ... | 1998 | 9806060 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi strains in lyme arthritis. | in the study presented, we investigated whether lyme arthritis is associated with a particular borrelia burgdorferi genospecies. using the pcr technique, in 7/11 samples of synovial fluid of patients with lyme arthritis a part of the ospa-gene was identified and the strains characterized by sequencing of the amplified dna. borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was found in 3 patients, b. garinii in 3, and b. afzelii in 1 patient. in conclusion, lyme arthritis is caused by all 3 human pathogenetic g ... | 1998 | 9790135 |
| detection and typing of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks attached to human skin by pcr. | live ixodes ricinus ticks attached to humans residing in germany were examined for borreliae by dark-field microscopy and pcr. borrelia species were identified by 16s rrna sequence analysis, which showed the presence of several species, some not yet defined, and a high prevalence of multiply infected ticks. | 1998 | 9774593 |
| genospecies identification and characterization of lyme disease spirochetes of genospecies borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from rodents in taiwan. | lyme disease spirochetes of the genospecies borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were identified and characterized for the first time in taiwan. seven isolates, designated twkm1 to twkm7, were purified from the ear tissues of three species of rodents captured from seven localities of taiwan. the immunological characteristics of these taiwan isolates were compared with those of other genospecies of lyme disease spirochetes by analyzing the protein profiles and reactivities with b. burgdorferi-specific ... | 1998 | 9774551 |
| lyme disease. | a record number of cases of lyme disease was reported in the united states in 1996. the steady increase in lyme disease cases coincides with a growth in deer populations in endemic regions. application of careful epidemiologic principles have led to the identification of two new pathogens that produce syndromes closely related to lyme disease. coinfection with borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis have been documented. coinfection with multiple organisms may alter ... | 1998 | 9725096 |