Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| growth and survival of germfree and conventional chicks inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1971 | 5567423 | |
| a comparison of radiographic lesions in pelvic limbs of chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, or an arthritis-producing virus. | 1970 | 5503017 | |
| contact transmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum and its prevention. | 1970 | 5453399 | |
| mixed infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum and the b1 strain of newcastle disease virus in chickens. | 1970 | 5453398 | |
| the development of a non-infectious carrier state in chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1970 | 5448138 | |
| mixed infection with infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasma gallisepticum in a chicken flock. | 1969 | 5392003 | |
| pathogenesis of arthritis induced in chickens by mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1969 | 5371120 | |
| serological response produced in chickens by three strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1969 | 5369170 | |
| nature of antibody response of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1969 | 5366356 | |
| aerosol studies with avian mycoplasma. 2. infectivity of mycoplasma gallisepticum for chickens and turkeys. | 1967 | 5339761 | |
| a comparative study of single and multiple respiratory infections in the chicken: single infections (with mycoplasma gallisepticum and newcastle disease virus). | 1966 | 5339513 | |
| serological tests for the detection of antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens and turkeys. | 1968 | 5250132 | |
| growth and pathogenicity studies of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | 1971 | 5167481 | |
| effect of the newcastle disease virus tcnd strain on mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | 1971 | 5142164 | |
| removal of non-specific agglutination reactions by avian sera to the serum plate agglutination test for mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 5062152 | |
| cold hemagglutinin in serum of chicken infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 5051902 | |
| an outbreak of synovitis caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | 1972 | 5051901 | |
| experimental respiratory disease and airsacculitis in fowls caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 5024311 | |
| the influence of ph of the culture medium on the sensitivity of mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens for use in certain serological tests. | mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens were prepared from organisms cultured in broth medium with glucose. the influence of period of growth, ph of the medium and duration of incubation at low ph (5.0) on the sensitivity of these antigens was determined in certain tests. the most sensitive antigen for the serum plate test was harvested after no more than 8 hr. incubation at ph 5.0. sensitivity in serum plate, haemagglutination and gel diffusion tests was impaired if organisms were incubated at ph 5.0 ... | 1971 | 5002646 |
| a comparative study of single and multiple respiratory infections in the chicken: multiple infections (with mycoplasma gallisepticum, newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus). | 1966 | 4961637 | |
| effect of lincomycin and spectinomycin water medication on chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum and escherichia coli. | 1969 | 4907438 | |
| a ward hemagglutinin induced in chickens by inoculation with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1969 | 4885342 | |
| [experimental mycoplasmosis in chickens. ii. pathological findings of chickens inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (strain s6) by the air-sac and intravenous routes]. | 1973 | 4799960 | |
| interference of mycoplasma gallisepticum with multiplication of newcastle disease virus in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | 1973 | 4799666 | |
| effect of ammonia on mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | 1973 | 4792401 | |
| metabolic and growth inhibition of mycoplasma gallisepticum by antiserum. | 1973 | 4578973 | |
| escherichia coli serotypes isolated from chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1972 | 4559444 | |
| isolation, ultrastructure and antigenicity of mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes. | the cell membrane of mycoplasma gallisepticum was isolated by lysing the cells with digitonin. chemical and density-gradient analyses and electron microscopy showed the isolated membranes to be relatively free of cytoplasmic contaminants. the density of the membranes exceeded that of other mycoplasma membranes, indicating a higher protein content. small vesicular extensions seen in the sectioned membranes were interpreted as empty blebs.the isolated membranes, but not the cytoplasmic fraction, e ... | 1973 | 4520511 |
| local immunization in chicken respiratory tract with killed mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. | 1974 | 4474553 | |
| spiramycin- and tylosin-resistant strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from breeding chickens and pipped eggs. | 1974 | 4444733 | |
| pathogenicity of avian reovirus and its influence on the infection of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | 1970 | 4318212 | |
| an infection in chickens with a strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence. | a slow-spreading infection due to a strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum was detected serologically in a flock which remained free of clinical symptoms. the strain was shown to be tylosin resistant. serological studies indicated that vertical transmission occurred. | 1974 | 4277360 |
| non-specific agglutination of mycoplasma gallisepticum by rheumatoid factor-like antiglobulin in chickens infected with streptococcus faecalis or staphylococcus aureus. | 1973 | 4199909 | |
| immunity and mortality in chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum: influence of the bursa of fabricius. | 1973 | 4120327 | |
| presumptive diagnosis of subclinical infections utilizing computer-assisted analysis of sequential enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against multiple antigens. | one-hundred-seventy-two serum samples, collected sequentially from four flocks of egg- and meat-type chickens, were evaluated for antibodies to multiple infectious agents by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (melisa). the melisa system used provided simultaneous measurement of antibody titers against avian infectious bronchitis (ib), infectious bursal disease (bd), newcastle disease, avian encephalomyelitis and reovirus infections, and mycoplasma gallisepticum. the use of computer-generated grap ... | 1985 | 4048057 |
| comparison of the antimycoplasma activity of two commercially available tylosin premixes. | two tylosin premixes (referred to in this report as premix a and tylosin premix b), obtained as commercial products from japan, were analyzed microbiologically for tylosin and by high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) for macrolide content. they were evaluated in the feed at concentrations of 550 and 1100 ppm antibiotic activity for the treatment of chickens with induced mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection. the tylosin microbiological assay value for premix a was 3.0% below and for premi ... | 1985 | 3991415 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum in experimentally infected chickens. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and tested for its ability to detect humoral response to mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. two antigens were used in the solid phase of the assay. antigen 1 was a membrane-derived sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-solubilized preparation; antigen 2 was prepared in the same manner as antigen 1 but was passed through an immunoadsorbent column containing rabbit anti-medium antibodies. test conditions were optimized for incubation ti ... | 1985 | 3985883 |
| evaluation of cytopathologic changes induced in chicken tracheal epithelium by mycoplasma gallisepticum in vivo and in vitro. | changes in tracheal epithelial surfaces induced by mycoplasma infection in vivo and in vitro included release of mucous granules followed by exfoliation of ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells. light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the loss of cilia from individual cells was infrequent. epithelial cells typically lost their intercellular connections, rounded up, exfoliated, and then lysed--giving rise to a population of cellular ... | 1985 | 3970413 |
| evaluation of protection against colonization of the chicken trachea following administration of mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin. | twelve-week-old commercial white leghorn pullets were given one or two doses of an inactivated oil-emulsion mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccine or kept as unvaccinated controls. at 24 weeks of age, all groups were challenged intratracheally with one of six dilutions of a low-passage r strain of mg. three days postchallenge, the tracheas from all chickens were cultured for mg to determine the number of challenge organisms required to initiate infection. the log10 id50 of chickens vaccinated 0, ... | 1985 | 3833239 |
| bacterin to control the vertical transmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | a mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin was prepared and used in mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)-positive primary breeders to control vertical transmission of mg. two generations were vaccinated, but the third generation was not vaccinated and was monitored serologically. results showed no evidence of mg at 1 day, 6 weeks, 11 weeks, 16 weeks, or 31 weeks of age. this procedure may offer small breeder organizations and showbird fanciers a way to eliminate mg. | 1985 | 3833226 |
| tracheal populations of mycoplasma gallisepticum after challenge of bacterin-vaccinated chickens. | chickens vaccinated once or twice with inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or left unvaccinated were challenged intratracheally with the r strain of mg. the population of mg organisms was determined by enumerating tracheal cultures periodically up to 28 weeks postchallenge (pc). the number of organisms in the respiratory tract increased rapidly after 4 days pc, and the number tended to decrease after 4 weeks pc. tracheal populations of mg varied considerably am ... | 1985 | 3833213 |
| influence of hatcher holding times on several physiological parameters associated with the immune system of chickens. | two experiments were conducted with broiler chicks to study the effects of posthatch holding time in the incubator on physiological and disease parameters. in each experiment, half of the chicks were removed shortly after hatching and half of the chicks were allowed to remain in the hatcher for an additional 30 hr. bursa weights, hematocrits, total plasma protein, and blood glucose concentrations were measured at various times up to 35 and 28 days of age in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. in ... | 1986 | 3822996 |
| effect of temperature-sensitive mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine preparations and routes of inoculation on resistance of white leghorns to challenge. | one-week-old chickens were vaccinated with live or formalin-killed temperature-sensitive (ts) mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) either intranasally (in) or subcutaneously (sq). live ts mg protected chickens against s6 strain challenge directly into the air sacs, regardless of route of vaccination. killed mg, however, protected chickens only when administered sq. antibody to mg was detected in sera and in the tracheal and air-sac washings of only the chickens given live vaccine in. the antibody prese ... | 1986 | 3814015 |
| effect of medicated feed on tracheal infection and population of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | six-week-old broilers were fed 50 g tylosin/ton, 400 g chlortetracycline (ctc)/ton, or unmedicated feed and then challenged intratracheally with r strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). feed-grade antibiotic medication did not prevent infection, but medication did lower the number of isolations from treated birds compared with controls. only tylosin significantly lowered mg counts in the trachea. the log10 id50 of birds receiving tylosin, ctc, or unmedicated feed were 5.8, 4.4, and 2.9, respectiv ... | 1986 | 3767816 |
| antibody responses in sera and respiratory secretions from chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | antibodies in sera and respiratory secretions from chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). chickens intratracheally inoculated with 10(5) cells of mg showed a correlation between severity of tracheal lesions and extent of mg colonization in the tracheas in the first 3 weeks postinoculation. antibody titers in tracheal washings (tws) of the infected chickens increased during this phase. thereafter, isolation of mg from th ... | 1986 | 3767815 |
| a historical account of the diagnosis and characterization of strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence. | numerous chicken flocks were studied beginning in 1970 because of questionable results on their serologic tests for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). typically a low number of hens in the flocks were positive reactors to the rapid serum plate test and rarely had hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titers over 1:80. usually no clinical signs were observed. isolates of mg eventually were cultured from most of the flocks that exhibited that type of marginal serologic pattern. in the laboratory, the mg is ... | 1986 | 3767812 |
| prophylactic efficacy of 3-acetyl-4''-isovaleryl tylosin in a mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced airsacculitis infection. | formulations of 3-acetyl-4''-isovaleryl tylosin (aiv) were evaluated for oral efficacy in a mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) airsacculitis infection. aiv administered by gavage, feed, or water was more effective than tylosin in preventing airsacculitis. an aiv tartrate formulation administered in drinking water to chickens infected with a macrolide-sensitive or macrolide-resistant strain of mg resulted in no detection of mycoplasma in the air sacs and in mg-negative sera. | 1986 | 3767811 |
| effects of dose of antigen and social environment on antibody response of high and low antibody response chickens. | chickens selected for high (ha) and low (la) antibody response were exposed to 10-fold doses of red blood cell and killed bacterial antigens while in three different social environments. antibody responses of the ha and la line chickens differed most in the socialized environment and at lower doses of antigen. dose effects were most pronounced in la-line chickens whereas relationship of humans to chickens was most important to ha-line chickens. socialized chickens were more consistent than ignor ... | 1986 | 3737505 |
| comparison of egg yolk and serum for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | egg yolk was evaluated in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as an alternative source of antibodies for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms) infections in chickens. there was no statistically significant difference (p greater than 0.05) between the elisa geometric mean titers (gmts) of saline-diluted egg yolk and chloroform-extracted egg yolk, and both preparations had a high correlation coefficient (0.87 for mg; 0.97 for ms). the saline-diluted and chlorofo ... | 1986 | 3729886 |
| response of chickens to inoculation with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | newly hatched chickens were inoculated intranasally with either the s6 or ts 100 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or they were left uninoculated. the three groups of chickens did not differ discernibly in body, spleen, or bursa weight during the 27-day sampling period. however, the s6-inoculated chickens showed a more pronounced cellular response in the nasal passages and had nearly complete lymphoid depletion in the spleens. the ts 100-inoculated birds expressed only a mild cellular reac ... | 1986 | 3729884 |
| observations on commercial layers vaccinated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin on a multiple-age site endemically infected with mg. | a commercially available inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin was administered to chickens on a multiple-age farm endemically infected with mg. a total of 3400 mg-free pullets were vaccinated with the mg bacterin at 19 weeks of age, and 4300 unvaccinated pullets served as controls. the vaccinated group became serologically positive by the rapid plate agglutination (rpa) test within 3 weeks, and the unvaccinated group became positive in 7 weeks. the hemagglutination-inhibition test ... | 1986 | 3729876 |
| infectious sinusitis in coturnix quails in brazil. | in brazil, mycoplasmas were isolated from the sinuses of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) from two commercial flocks affected with sinusitis. the major respiratory signs and gross lesions are described. based on serological and biochemical results, the mycoplasmas isolated were identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum. one of the isolates was pathogenic for chickens. | 1986 | 3729866 |
| evaluation of protection against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens vaccinated with the f strain of m. gallisepticum. | the effect of vaccination with the f strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) on protection against challenge with a tylosin-resistant strain of mg was evaluated. white leghorn chickens vaccinated via eyedrop at 6 weeks of age were subsequently challenged with various dilutions of the tylosin-resistant mg strain, as were unvaccinated controls. three days later, tracheal swabs were collected and cultured in medium with and without tylosin to distinguish between the vaccine and challenge strains. t ... | 1986 | 3729860 |
| detection and differentiation of mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae antibodies in chicken serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | affinity-purified sheep igg anti-chicken igg horseradish peroxidase conjugate was utilized in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect mycoplasma gallisepticum- and m. synoviae-specific antibodies in chicken sera. antigen, conjugate and substrate concentrations, and incubation times were adjusted to provide maximum differentiation between positive and negative sera. use of phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.05% tween 20 for washing and diluting steps and use of normal sheep ser ... | 1986 | 3729859 |
| development of a biotinylated probe for the rapid detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum causes respiratory diseases in the form of tracheitis and air sacculitis in chickens and turkeys. it is a major cause of reduced egg production, reduced hatchability, and downgrading of carcasses. current means of diagnosis depend on the isolation and identification of the organisms, or on serological assays to detect serum antibodies. the evaluation of avian sera for m. gallisepticum antibodies is becoming more difficult to interpret, and thus less useful, due to the in ... | 1987 | 3667241 |
| a species-specific dna probe for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | an 800-base-pair dna fragment from a partial genomic library of mycoplasma gallisepticum was selected and used as a probe for the selective detection of this avian pathogen. the specificity and sensitivity of this probe were demonstrated by using dot blot and southern hybridizations. | 1987 | 3666965 |
| evaluation of respiratory lesions in chickens induced by mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1987 | 3626242 | |
| decrease in catalase activity of cultured cells by mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | the effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection on the host cell catalase activity was histochemically examined in cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) and kidney cells. the activity in normal cells was detected as fine, brown granules in the cytoplasm, which appeared ultrastructurally to correspond to anucleoid microbodies. by infecting cultured cells with a cef-passaged strain of m. gallisepticum, the catalase-positive granules clearly decreased in amount, whereas the uv light-killed myc ... | 1987 | 3604054 |
| efficacy of commercial mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin (mg-bac) in preventing air-sac lesions in chickens. | one-week-old chickens were vaccinated with commercial mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin subcutaneously and challenged with the s6 strain by the intra-air-sac route 3 weeks later. significantly fewer vaccinated chickens had air-sac lesions than controls. | 1987 | 3579788 |
| immunity induced with an aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin in chickens. | the protective effect of an inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin was evaluated in chickens subsequently challenged intratracheally (it) with the homologous strain. antibody responses in sera and tracheal washings (tws) from these chickens were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a group of chickens was vaccinated intramuscularly (im) with two doses of the bacterin containing aluminum hydroxide gel (im + im). another group was vaccinated im with the same bacterin fol ... | 1987 | 3579785 |
| a quantitative study of single and mixed infection of the chicken trachea by mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the interaction between mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and the tracheal mucosa of the young chicken was studied. the use of a selective plating method permitted differentiation between a pathogenic tylosin-resistant strain (227) and a less pathogenic tylosin-sensitive vaccine strain (f). both mg strains adhered to the tracheal mucosa and colonized equally well. in mixed infection, the presence or absence of the second strain did not change the efficiency of colonization by either strain. when chi ... | 1987 | 3579778 |
| delineation of the lateral spread of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | lateral spread of s6 strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was studied in small populations of chickens. one experimentally exposed bird served as the source of infection, and the presence of mg-agglutinating antibody was evidence of infection in individuals. the results were subjected to survival data analysis. in the seven experiments, four similar but not identical phases of lateral spread were observed: phase 1, a generally long latent phase (median 15, range 12-21 days) before antibody was f ... | 1987 | 3442533 |
| protection and immunity in commercial chicken layers administered mycoplasma gallisepticum liposomal bacterins. | six liposomal mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterins, differing in charge and size, and two oil-emulsion vaccines (sonicated and non-sonicated) were given to white leghorns in two doses, at 13 weeks and again 1 month later. at 21 weeks of age, all chickens were challenged with a viable 20-hour culture of mg cells (17,800 colony-forming units) intratracheally and with nonviable mg organisms (0.09 mg protein) injected subcutaneously in the wattle center. the three chicken groups that had the lowe ... | 1987 | 3442524 |
| f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination of post-production-peak commercial leghorns and its effect on egg and eggshell quality. | forty-five-week-old commercial leghorns negative for antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae were vaccinated with high-passage f strain mg (fmg). hens were confined in modified horsfall-bauer isolation units through 60 weeks of age. egg production (% hen day) and parameters of egg and eggshell quality were monitored, including egg weight, eggshell strength, haugh unit score, pimpling, and blood/meat spot incidence. egg production was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) for ... | 1988 | 3401173 |
| influence of f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum infection on response of commercial layers to heat exposure. | commercial layers were inoculated with f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and housed in either conventional chicken houses or the lower-stress environment of biological isolation units. at the end of 2 weeks, all treatment groups were placed in environmental chambers and subjected to 4 hr of heat stress (40 c with a dew point of 21 c). rectal temperature, an indicator of response to high heat, was monitored. rectal temperatures of f strain mg-inoculated hens housed in the conventional chicke ... | 1988 | 3401170 |
| identification of species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | temporal antisera (ta) prepared in susceptible leg-horn-type chickens against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m synoviae were evaluated to determine the extent of cross-reactivity in elisa and hemagglutination inhibition tests. species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides were identified after electrophoretic separation and protein immunoblotting with reference antisera, ta, and a monoclonal antibody specific for m gallisepticum. mycoplasma gallisepticum antiserum cross-reacted with m sy ... | 1988 | 3377311 |
| genetic analysis of immunocompetence measures in a white leghorn chicken line. | immunocompetence of the iowa state university s1 white leghorn chicken line was studied. this line was divided into eight sublines based upon erythrocyte antigen b (ea-b) allele (b1b1 or b19b19), antibody response to glutamic acid60-alanine30-tyrosine10 (gat) (high or low), and response to rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors (progression or regression). antibody responses to pasteurella multocida (pm), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), and infectious bursal disease virus vaccines were evaluated by en ... | 1988 | 3265514 |
| new biotin-conjugated antisera for quantitation of mycoplasma gallisepticum-specific immunoglobulin a in chicken. | the biotinylation of goat anti-alpha-chains of chicken immunoglobulin a (iga), suitable for use in an avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is described. the optimum conditions for the use of the developed conjugate in determining local and systemic iga specific to mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens were established. | 1988 | 3196259 |
| detection of antigenic variation among strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition assay (elisia) and western blot analysis. | polyclonal antisera (pca) to three mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) strains (f, s6, and a5969) produced in rabbits were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition assay (elisia) and western blot analysis to examine antigenic variability among these strains of mg. in elisia, inhibiting antigen of the same strain used for immunization always led to the greatest percentage inhibition of pca reactivity. western blot analysis of antigens of four mg strains demonstrated both common and restricted pat ... | 1988 | 3060088 |
| evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, the serum plate agglutination test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test for antibodies formed in response to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits, seven serum plate agglutination (spa) antigens, and the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were compared for sensitivity and specificity using known mg-positive and mg-negative sera from leghorn chickens. all spa antigens proved to be highly sensitive when testing mg-positive sera. laboratory-prepared spa antigens yielded fewer positive reactions when testing mg-negative sera than co ... | 1988 | 3041957 |
| efficacy of experimental inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterin in egg-layer chickens. | six groups of white leghorn pullets were studied to determine the ability of beta-propiolactone-inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) oil-emulsion bacterins to counteract reductions in egg production caused by mg infection. the pullets were inoculated with 0.5 ml of mg bacterin subcutaneously in the neck at about 20 weeks of age and were challenged with mg near 28 weeks of age, when they were in peak egg production. various challenge schemes with infectious bronchitis virus were used at the ... | 1985 | 2992434 |
| influence of a 12.5 per cent rapeseed diet and an avian reovirus on the production of leg abnormalities in male broiler chickens. | the incidence of different forms of leg abnormality were recorded in reovirus (s1133) infected and control male broiler chickens fed on a normal commercial diet or one of similar nutritive value containing 12.5 per cent rapeseed meal. regular serological examination showed that birds remained free from mycoplasma gallisepticum and m synoviae infection throughout the 10 week period of investigation. precipitating antibodies to the reovirus were detected in 90 per cent of the infected birds betwee ... | 1985 | 2983408 |
| pathological and immunological studies on chicken embryos and day-old chicks experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1986 | 2953204 | |
| dna probes for mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae: application in experimentally infected chickens. | dna probes specific for mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae were selected from genomic libraries prepared in the puc13 vector. the probes hybridized with the dna of a wide spectrum of strains within each homologous species, but did not react with the heterologous species or with dna from any other avian mycoplasma or bacteria tested. experimental infection and contact exposure of chickens to m. gallisepticum served as models to test the effectiveness of the dna probe in diagnosis as compare ... | 1989 | 2800306 |
| [efficacy of spiramycin and tylosin in preventing mycoplasmosis in chicks experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum]. | in order to evaluate the activity of two drugs (spiramycin and tylosin), one-day-old chicks are inoculated with a virulent strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and given spiramycin (3 different doses) or tylosin (1 dose) for two or three days. effectiveness is assessed on different criteria: mortality, symptoms, weight gains, gross lesions, mg tracheal recovery and serology. results show that spiramycin and tylosin have the potential of reducing mortality, symptoms and lesions. weight gains o ... | 1989 | 2797880 |
| the effect of biological isolation and a molt-inducing regimen on the recovery of mycoplasma gallisepticum from commercial leghorn hens. | two trials were conducted to determine the effect of induced molt on the reisolation of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) from commercial leghorn hens that had been eyedrop-inoculated with mg at 10 weeks of age. chickens were maintained in a conventional floored chicken house on dry litter through 100 weeks of age. at age 64 weeks, 4 days (trial 1), and at 100 weeks (trial 2), hens were swabbed and cultured for mg and then molted in biological isolation units. swabs were again taken at the end of ea ... | 1989 | 2775101 |
| identification of the antigenic components of the virulent mycoplasma gallisepticum (r) in chickens: their role in differentiation from the vaccine strain (f). | the antibody response to different proteins of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was studied in chickens experimentally infected with virulent mg r strain. the chickens were challenged at 8 weeks of age by the intranasal route. each cockerel received 1.3 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu). mg strains (r and f) were banded by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the banding pattern was distinctively different between the two strains in the range of 92.5 to 200 kilodal ... | 1989 | 2773299 |
| an adhesion-hemadsorption inhibition test for the detection of serum antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | a simple adhesion-hemadsorption inhibition (ahai) test was developed for the detection of antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum in the chicken sera. the ahai antibody was detected simultaneously with hi antibody from sera of chickens intratracheally inoculated with viable cells of m. gallisepticum. a good correlation between hi and ahai antibody titers was obtained with 382 (84.7%) of 451 sera from chickens reared on farms spontaneously contaminated with m. gallisepticum, whereas the remainder, ... | 1989 | 2761140 |
| the isolation and attenuation of a virus causing rhinotracheitis in turkeys in south africa. | in march 1978, a number of turkeys with severe respiratory symptoms affecting over 80% of the flock were investigated for a possible causative agent. with the standard techniques used for the isolation of bacteriae, mycoplasmae and viruses, only mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis and newcastle disease virus were isolated. tracheal organ cultures were subsequently prepared from 27-day-old turkey embryos and inoculated with sinus exudate from affected turkeys. after an incubation per ... | 1989 | 2748138 |
| virulence and transmissibility of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the virulence of 4 low passage strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum obtained from different sources within australia was studied by experimental infection of chickens. strain ap3as, originally isolated from the air sac of a broiler chicken, produced severe air sac lesions following injection into the abdominal air sacs of 2-week or 3-week-old chickens, and adult hens. strain 80083 which was isolated from a clinically normal broiler breeder hen was also capable of producing gross air sac lesions f ... | 1989 | 2712773 |
| comparison of mycoplasma gallisepticum subunit and whole organism vaccines containing different adjuvants by western immunoblotting. | chickens were vaccinated with subunit (adhesin protein) or whole organisms of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) adjuvanted with multilamellar positively charged liposomes or oil-emulsion. sera were collected before and following the first (13 weeks of age) and second (17 weeks of age) vaccination. the chicken sera were used in western immunoblotting against whole mg polypeptides. vaccination with the subunit (mg-adhesin) bacterin containing positively charged liposomes resulted in antibody response ... | 1989 | 2683358 |
| the effect of oxytetracycline on the severity of airsacculitis in chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | four groups of mycoplasma-free commercial broilers were challenged with the r strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) at 14 days of age. groups received feed containing either no medication, or 500 ppm or 1000 ppm oxytetracycline (otc) beginning at age 13 days, or 1000 ppm otc beginning at age 15 days. all broilers were vaccinated with a live mild massachusetts infectious bronchitis vaccine at 17 days of age. air sac lesions were scored at age 24 days. in two almost identical experiments, all ot ... | 1989 | 2619666 |
| role of harderian glands in resistance against mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge. | harderian glands of one-day-old chickens were surgically removed. at one week old, these chickens and controls from which these tissues were not removed, were vaccinated intranasally with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mycoplasma gallisepticum. humoral and local immunity were measured by means of antibody in sera and tracheal washings, respectively. protection was measured by resistance to intra-air-sac challenge with the s6 strain of m gallisepticum. there was no discernible difference in ei ... | 1989 | 2595091 |
| immunogenicity of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the serological response and protective immunity elicited in the chicken by the pathogenic ap3as strain and the moderately pathogenic 80083 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum and variants of strain 80083 attenuated by repeated passage in mycoplasma broth were investigated. strain 80083 elicited a substantial serum antibody response after administration either in drinking water or by conjunctival sac instillation to 7-week-old spf chickens. no vaccinated chickens developed air sac lesions when ch ... | 1989 | 2540737 |
| effect of adrenal blocking chemicals on viral and respiratory infections of chickens. | in a series of experiments chickens were treated with chemicals which block the production of corticosterone by the adrenal cortex prior to being challenged with respiratory disease (and other) agents in order to determine if the course of the diseases could be altered. some chickens received a single intramuscular injection (14 mg/kg) of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis/p-chlorophenyl/ethane (abc) dissolved in corn oil (20 mg/ml) at least 12 h before challenge. other chickens received feed containing 500 m ... | 1989 | 2536580 |
| nonspecific reactions to mycoplasma serum plate antigens induced by inactivated poultry disease vaccines. | nonspecific serum plate agglutination reactions to some avian mycoplasma antigens were induced by injecting chickens with several commercial poultry disease vaccines. all of the vaccines were inactivated, and most of them had oil-emulsion adjuvants. the serum plate agglutination reactions appeared within 2 to 3 weeks post-vaccination and generally persisted for several weeks. the plate test reactions were noted with both mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms) antigens, although the d ... | 1989 | 2522768 |
| sensitivity and specificity of mycoplasma gallisepticum agglutination antigens prepared from medium with artificial liposomes substituting for serum. | three batches of strain a5969 mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) serum-plate-agglutination (spa) antigen grown in regular frey's medium with 12% swine serum, three batches grown in frey's medium containing artificial liposomes instead of serum, and one commercial spa antigen were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity. sensitivity was measured using chickens exposed to mg by intraocular and intranasal inoculation. specificity was measured in uninoculated controls and in groups inoculated with the ... | 1988 | 2461697 |
| detection of serum antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae by a dot-immunobinding technique. | both mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms) antigens prepared for the routine haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test were diluted and absorbed to the separate pieces of durapore membrane for the measurement of dot-immunobinding (dib) titers of test sera. besides, durapore strips bearing both antigens were employed for a dib test with chicken sera definitely diluted 100-fold. shortening of reaction time of chicken sera with antigens as well as with the secondary serum markedly elimina ... | 1990 | 2348588 |
| an avidin-biotin enhanced dot-immunobinding assay for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae serum antibodies in chickens. | a dot-immunobinding assay was enhanced by the incorporation of avidin and biotin reagents into the test system (dab assay). this assay was used to detect serum antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms) from chickens. serum samples were tested by rapid serum plate (rsp), hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), and dab assay methods. these results were compared. the dab assay was at least 20 times more sensitive in detecting antibodies for ms and at least 75 times more sensitive i ... | 1990 | 2322229 |
| preliminary data on efficacy of mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines containing different adjuvants in laying hens. | chickens were vaccinated subcutaneously twice, at 13 and 17 weeks of age. the vaccines used were the whole organisms of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) adjuvanted with multilamellar positively charged (mpc) liposomes or oil-emulsion. other chickens received the same bacterins but supplemented with salmonella typhimurium cell wall protein mitogen (stp) (50 micrograms/dose). at 21 weeks of age, each bird was challenged in the right and left caudal thoracic air sacs. the challenge dose/chicken was 1. ... | 1990 | 2260278 |
| factors affecting the development of respiratory disease complex in chickens. | factors playing a part in the development of respiratory disease complex in chickens were investigated in a series of experiments. the experimental infection was produced by exposing chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum and the b1 vaccine strain of newcastle disease virus and later exposing them to aerosols containing the o1:k1 serotype of escherichia coli. chickens became susceptible (pericarditis or death) to e. coli 8 days after mixed respiratory disease challenge. one day after respiratory d ... | 1990 | 2241688 |
| evaluation of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis purified proteins of mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae as antigens in a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | selected immunogenic proteins of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) strain r and m. synoviae (ms) isolate f10-2as were purified from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. purified mg proteins of 65 to 63 (p64) kilodaltons (kda), and 26 and 24 (p26/24) kda, and purified ms proteins of 53 (p53) kda, 41 (p41) kda, and 22 (p22) kda were evaluated as potential antigens for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). chicken antisera to mg, ms, or oil-emulsion vaccines were used to evaluate these p ... | 1990 | 2241683 |
| a comparison of flow cytometry and other techniques used for diagnosing mycoplasma infections. | mycoplasma isolates from chickens are usually identified by a fluorescent antibody (fa) technique that requires 7 to 10 days from sampling to the completion of identification. the fa procedure uses mycoplasma-positive antibodies conjugated with fluoroisothiocyanate (fitc) to identify the colonies of the organism on agar. this paper describes a flow cytometric procedure that uses the same antibody-fitc conjugate and can be completed in 3 or 4 days. broilers and egg-type hens inoculated with mycop ... | 1990 | 2235826 |
| elimination of mycoplasmal plate agglutination cross-reactions in sera from chickens inoculated with infectious bursal disease viruses. | sera from chickens inoculated with various challenge infectious bursal disease viruses or infectious bursal disease vaccines were found to cross-react in the mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms) serum plate agglutination (spa) tests. two-fold dilutions of these cross-reacting sera with phosphate-buffered saline before retesting eliminated all non-specific agglutination in the mg and ms spa tests. cross-reactions were observed in the spa test using sera from chickens inocula ... | 1990 | 2173535 |
| the humoral immune response of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae studied by immunoblotting. | the humoral immune response over time of white leghorn chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum or m. synoviae by an aerosol inoculation or a contact exposure were compared by immunoblotting. the response of chickens infected with m. gallisepticum were similar with respect to proteins recognized and intensity of response, regardless of mode of infection. on the other hand, chickens infected by aerosolization of m. synoviae responded to more proteins and with greater intensi ... | 1990 | 2146797 |
| immunogenicity of a temperature sensitive mutant mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. | the immunogenicity of the ts-11 vaccine strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum was assessed following eye drop or coarse aerosol administration in chickens of various ages. protection was evalualted following intra-abdominal (ia) or fine droplet aerosol administration of virulent m. gallisepticum, usually the ap3as strain and was measured mainly by the scoring of gross air sac lesions or by egg production. vaccination of chickens with ts-11 did not elicit a substantial serum antibody response as mea ... | 1990 | 2143068 |
| safety of temperature sensitive mutant mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. | a temperature sensitive (ts) vaccine strain designated ts-11 was selected after exposure of a low passage culture of the immunogenic australian field isolate (strain 80083) of mycoplasma gallisepticum to 100 mg/ml of n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. viable counts (assayed as colour changing units (ccu)/25 microliters) of a thawed stock culture of ts-11 were typically log10 3 to log10 5 higher when incubated at 33 degrees c (the permissive temperature) than duplicate viable counts incubated a ... | 1990 | 2143067 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens recognized by sera from infected chickens. | a clone bank of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) strain a5969 dna was prepared in the expression vector phage lambda gt11. approximately 75% of the resulting phages were recombinants, based upon the insertional inactivation of the lacz gene of the vector. clones were screened immunologically with serum prepared from specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens that had been infected with aerosolized mg. approximately 250 clones, or less than 1% of the recombinant phage, reacted positively to vario ... | 1990 | 2142422 |
| examination of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from chickens with respiratory disease in a commercial flock vaccinated with a living m. gallisepticum vaccine. | 1990 | 2076073 | |
| an investigation of the persistence of mycoplasma gallisepticum in an eastern population of wild turkeys. | mycoplasma gallisepticum infection had been confirmed by culture and serology among wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) in close association with domestic fowl on cumberland island, georgia (usa) in 1980. in 1988, wild turkeys were surveyed by serologic and cultural methods for evidence of m. gallisepticum. chickens (gallus gallus) and guinea fowl (numida meleagris) from the site where the disease was originally detected also were tested by serologic and cultural methods for m. gallisepticum infe ... | 1991 | 2023330 |