| oral and nasal dna vaccines delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium induce protective immune response against infectious bronchitis in chickens. | several studies have reported that intramuscular injection of dna vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) induces protective immune responses. in the present study, we developed oral and nasal dna vaccines that carried the s1 gene and n gene of ibv delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium strains, sl/pv-s1 and sl/pv-n, respectively. the safety and stability of recombinant salmonella vaccine were evaluated. following oral and nasal administration of chickens, the serum and mucosa ... | 2011 | 21593235 |
| characterisation and evaluation of antiviral recombinant peptides based on the heptad repeat regions of ndv and ibv fusion glycoproteins. | mixed virus infections can cause livestock losses that are more devastating than those caused by single virus infections. newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), serious threats to the poultry industry, can give rise to complex mixed infections that hinder diagnosis and prevention. in this study, we show that newly designed peptides, which are based on the heptad repeat (hr) region of the fusion glycoproteins from ndv and ibv, have more potent antiviral activity than ... | 2011 | 21601229 |
| infectious bronchitis virus in testicles and venereal transmission. | even though males represent only 8%-12% of the birds of a breeder flock, their role in infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) dissemination is largely unknown. we first assessed the effect of ibv replication in the chicken testes. ten-week-old males were inoculated with arkansas (ark) or massachusetts (mass) ibv virulent strains. seven days postinoculation (dpi) ibv rna was detected in testicles of 100% of m41- and in 96% of ark-infected males. marginal nonsynonymous variation was detected in spike ( ... | 2011 | 21793442 |
| sequence analysis of s1 genes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in thailand during 2008-2009: identification of natural recombination in the field isolates. | during 2008-2009, fifteen field infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) were isolated from commercial chicken farms in thailand. after sequencing of the complete s1 gene, phylogenetic analysis was performed and this found that the thai ibv isolates were divided into three distinct groups, unique to thailand (group i), qx-like ibv (group ii), and massachusetts type (group iii). this finding indicated that the recent thai ibvs evolved separately and that at least three groups of viruses are circulati ... | 2011 | 21706315 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the s1 glycoprotein gene of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in china during 2009-2010. | as part of our ongoing surveillance program, 40 field strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from dead or diseased chicken flocks in different areas of china between 2009 and 2010. s1 glycoprotein genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed with 38 strains published in genbank. s1 genes of these isolated strains and the vaccine strains showed nucleotide homologies ranging from 65.2 to 82% and amino acid homologies ranging from 58.4 to 81.9%. meanwhile, chinese ib ... | 2011 | 21842233 |
| binding of avian coronavirus spike proteins to host factors reflects virus tropism and pathogenicity. | the binding of viruses to host cells is the first step in determining tropism and pathogenicity. while avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) infection and avian influenza a virus (iav) infection both depend on +¦2,3-linked sialic acids, the host tropism of ibv is restricted compared to that of iav. here we investigated whether the interaction between the viral attachment proteins and the host could explain these differences by using recombinant spike domains (s1) of ibv strains with diff ... | 2011 | 21697468 |
| Prevalence of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in H5N1 outbreaks areas. | The first H5N1 outbreak in Burkina Faso was reported to the World Organization for Animal Health on 3 April 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks areas. | 2011 | 21841299 |
| effects of blood sample mishandling on elisa results for infectious bronchitis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and chicken anaemia virus. | this study determined the effect of sample mishandling on the performance of elisas for detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) and chicken anaemia virus (cav) in the serum of chickens. the effects of five different sample mishandling treatments were assessed: heat treatment, repetitive freezing and thawing and three levels of severity of haemolysis. these mishandling treatments simulated different conditions that might occur during ... | 2011 | 22015139 |
| In vitro and in vivo effects of Houttuynia cordata on infectious bronchitis virus. | Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) (HC) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in China. In the present study, the effect of HC on cell infection by IBV was determined using plaque assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The inhibitory effect of HC on IBV infection in ovo and in vivo was analysed using specific pathogen free (S ... | 2011 | 21848486 |
| Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus after vaccination and challenge of chickens varying in serum mannose-binding lectin concentrations. | Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type collectin with structural similarities to C1q, is an innate pattern-recognition molecule that is sequestered to sites of inflammation and infections. MBL selectively binds distinct chemical patterns, including carbohydrates expressed on all kinds of pathogens. The present study shows that serum MBL levels influence the ability of chickens to clear the respiratory tract of virus genomes after an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. The primary IBV in ... | 2011 | 22008821 |
| Changes in nonstructural protein 3 are associated with attenuation in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | Full-length genome sequencing of pathogenic and attenuated (for chickens) avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains of the same serotype was conducted to identify genetic differences between the pathotypes. Analysis of the consensus full-length genome for three different IBV serotypes (Ark, GA98, and Mass41) showed that passage in embryonated eggs, to attenuate the viruses for chickens, resulted in 34.75-43.66% of all the amino acid changes occurring in nsp 3 within a virus typ ... | 2011 | 21909766 |
| Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China. | Between 2006 and 2009, seven strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks on different chicken farms in China. The pathogenic characters of seven IBV strains were assessed. Each of the seven strains was infective to the test chickens and could induce an immune response. The results from chicken embryo cross-neutralization assays showed that these strains were antigenically distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41, Conn, and Gray. Compared t ... | 2011 | 22017046 |
| New insights on infectious bronchitis virus pathogenesis: characterization of Italy 02 serotype in chicks and adult hens. | Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a worldwide disease affecting chickens of all ages and causing important economic losses in poultry industry. Despite being one of the predominant IB virus (IBV) serotype in several European countries, slightly is known about pathogenesis and pathogenicity of Italy 02 serotype. In this study chicks and old hens were infected by oculo-nasal route with Italy 02 serotype. Clinical signs, gross and microscopic findings were evaluated, viral nucleic acid detection was as ... | 2011 | 22172297 |
| Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Russia and neighbouring countries: identification of intertypic recombination in the S1 gene. | Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates recovered in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan between 2007 and 2010 were subjected to molecular characterization and compared with those isolated a decade ago. The IBV genome was detected in 202 out of 605 field samples from chickens with various clinical signs. Partial sequencing of the S1 gene revealed 153 vaccine strains and 49 field isolates of several genetic groups. Massachusetts, 793/B and D274 remained the predominant IBV genotypes along with QX, ... | 2011 | 21854179 |
| Antiviral activity of arbidol, a broad-spectrum drug for use against respiratory viruses, varies according to test conditions. | The therapeutic activity of arbidol was investigated against representatives of seven different virus families. Its 50% median effective concentration (EC(50) ) was 0.22-11.8?µg/ml (0.41-22?nM). Therapeutic indices of 91 were obtained for type 1 poliovirus and 1.9-8.5 for influenza A and B, human paramyxo-3, avian infectious bronchitis-, and Marek's disease viruses. Arbidol was more inhibitory for influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus than rimantadine or amantadine (EC(50) 10 vs. >15 and >31.6?µg/ ... | 2012 | 22028179 |
| Live attenuated nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus vaccine provides broad cross protection against new variant strains. | Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infections cause great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide, and the emergence of new variant strains complicates disease control. The present study investigated the genetic and protectotypic features of newly emerged Korean IBV strains. A phylogenetic analysis showed that several recent isolates formed 2 different clusters (new cluster 1 and 2), which were distinct from other preexisting clusters. New cluster 1 IBV strains represented recombinants ... | 2012 | 22184432 |
| nephritis associated with infectious bronchitis virus cal99 variant in game chickens. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) cal99 variant was isolated from the kidneys of seven 2-5-mo-old game chickens with nephritis and respiratory disease. ibv cal99 variant is usually associated with respiratory disease in broiler chickens in california. macroscopically, the majority of the birds had moderately to severely enlarged and mottled pale kidneys, with increased urates in the ureters. microscopically, most of the birds had acute nephrosis and interstitial nephritis. the birds also had sin ... | 2011 | 22017040 |
| complete nucleotide analysis of the structural genome of the infectious bronchitis virus strain md27 reveals its mosaic nature. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes highly contagious respiratory or urogenital tract diseases in chickens. the maryland 27(md27) strain was first isolated in 1976 from diseased chicken flocks in the delmarva peninsula region. to understand the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of existing strains with md27, the complete nucleotide sequence of the 3'end coding region (~7.2 kb) of md27 was determined and compared with other ibv strains and coronaviruses. it has the same s-3-m-5 ... | 2009 | 21994587 |
| Serotype and genotype diversity of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated during 1985-2008 in Guangxi, China. | The genetic diversity of the hypervariable region I of S1 gene (HVR I) of infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine strains H120, Ma5 and 4/91 was compared to that of 26 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains isolated from the field in Guangxi province of China during the years 1985-2008, and the field isolates were classified into five major genotypes. Monovalent antisera against three vaccine strains and seven field isolates of different genotypes were prepared by immunizing rabbits with mineral o ... | 2011 | 22198411 |
| up-regulation of mcl-1 and bak by coronavirus infection of human, avian and animal cells modulates apoptosis and viral replication. | virus-induced apoptosis and viral mechanisms that regulate this cell death program are key issues in understanding virus-host interactions and viral pathogenesis. like many other human and animal viruses, coronavirus infection of mammalian cells induces apoptosis. in this study, the global gene expression profiles are first determined in ibv-infected vero cells at 24 hours post-infection by affymetrix array, using avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) as a model system. it reveals ... | 2012 | 22253918 |
| the proportion of specific viral subpopulations in attenuated arkansas delmarva poultry industry infectious bronchitis vaccines influences vaccination outcome. | we investigated the significance of differing proportions of specific subpopulations among commercial arkansas (ark) delmarva poultry industry (dpi) vaccines with regard to vaccination outcome. two arkdpi-derived vaccines that contain a higher proportion of viruses with s1 genes that become selected during replication in chickens exhibited more rapid establishment of those selected subpopulations in chickens, produced significantly higher viral loads in tears, and induced higher antibody respons ... | 2012 | 23397834 |
| review of infectious bronchitis virus around the world. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a gamma coronavirus that causes a highly contagious disease in chickens. the virus can affect the upper respiratory tract and the reproductive tract, and some strains can cause a nephritis. different serotypes and genetic types of the virus have been identified worldwide and for the most part do not cross-protect. in addition, new types of the virus continue to arise due to mutations and recombination events in the viral genome, making this virus difficult to ... | 2012 | 23397833 |
| [evaluation of antigenic relationship of guangxi isolates of infectious bronchitis virus]. | monovalent antisera of 3 vaccine strains and 7 representative field isolates were prepared based on the comparison of genetic diversity of the hypervariable region i of s1 gene (hvr i from 3 infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine strains (h120, ma5 and 4/91) ,one reference strain m41 and 26 ib field isolates. these 30 strains were classified in 7 different genotypes, respectively. virus-neutralizing test on tracheal organ cultures (toc) with chicken embryo were used to evaluate relatedness values of ... | 2012 | 23367560 |
| sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a pathogenic chicken coronavirus. currently, vaccination against ibv is only partially protective; therefore, better preventions and treatments are needed. plants produce antimicrobial secondary compounds, which may be a source for novel anti-viral drugs. non-cytotoxic, crude ethanol extracts of rhodiola rosea roots, nigella sativa seeds, and sambucus nigra fruit were tested for anti-ibv activity, since these safe, widely used plant tissues contain polyphenol ... | 2014 | 24433341 |
| spherules and ibv. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an economically important virus infecting chickens, causing large losses to the poultry industry globally. while vaccines are available, there is a requirement for novel vaccine strategies due to high strain variation and poor cross-protection. this requires a more detailed understanding of virus-host cell interactions to identify candidates for targeted virus attenuation. one key area of research in the positive sense rna virus field, due to its central role ... | 0 | 25482229 |
| visualizing the autophagy pathway in avian cells and its application to studying infectious bronchitis virus. | autophagy is a highly conserved cellular response to starvation that leads to the degradation of organelles and long-lived proteins in lysosomes and is important for cellular homeostasis, tissue development and as a defense against aggregated proteins, damaged organelles and infectious agents. although autophagy has been studied in many animal species, reagents to study autophagy in avian systems are lacking. microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (map1lc3/lc3) is an important marker for ... | 2013 | 23328491 |
| development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the s1 subunit protein of qx-like avian infectious bronchitis virus strain sczy3. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious disease in chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the present study was carried out with the aim to develop anti-spike 1 (s1) subunit monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that could react with ibv strains of different genotypes. the high antigenicity region of s1 gene of an qx-like ibv strain sczy3 was amplified and ligated into the prokaryotic expression vector pet-32a(+), and the recombinant his-s1 fusion proteins were expressed and puri ... | 0 | 25723279 |
| production and immunogenicity of chimeric virus-like particles containing the spike glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses a severe threat to the poultry industry and causes heavy economic losses worldwide. vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infection and controlling the spread of ibv, but currently available inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines have some disadvantages. we developed a chimeric virus-like particle (vlp)-based candidate vaccine for ibv protection. the chimeric vlp was composed of matrix 1 protein from avian influenza h5n1 virus and a fus ... | 2013 | 24378590 |
| identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. pathogenic ibv 3575/08 was isolated from broilers vaccinated with the attenuated viral vaccine derived from a taiwan strain 2575/98. in this study, extensive investigations were conducted on the genome sequences, antigenicity, pathogenicity, and host immune responses of several ibv strains in specific-pathogen-free chickens. sequence analyses revealed that 3575/08 and 2575/98 shared high ... | 2016 | 27876864 |
| gamma and deltacoronaviruses in quail and pheasants from northern italy. | in view of the restricted knowledge on the diversity of coronaviruses in poultry other than chicken, this study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of coronaviruses in quail, pheasant, and partridge from two regions of northern italy. to this end, pools of tracheal and cloacal swabs from european quail (coturnix coturnix) and intestinal tract from pheasants (phasianus colchicus) and partridge (perdix perdix) flocks, with or without enteric signs, were collected during 2015. avian coronavi ... | 2016 | 27738120 |
| phylogeny and s1 gene variation of infectious bronchitis virus detected in broilers and layers in turkey. | the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (avcov-ibv) is recognized as an important global pathogen because new variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. this study investigates the genetic origin and diversity of avcov-ibv by analysis of the s1 sequence derived from 49 broiler flocks and 14 layer flocks in different regions of turkey. avcov-ibv rna was detected in 41 (83.6%) broiler flocks and nine (64.2%) of the layer flocks by taqman real-time rt-pcr. in addi ... | 2016 | 27610718 |
| dynamics of avian coronavirus circulation in commercial and non-commercial birds in asia--a review. | it is essential to understand the latest situation regarding avian coronaviruses (acovs), commonly referred to as the well-known avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), given that new and diverse types of ibv are continually being identified worldwide, particularly ones that are isolated from commercial poultry and associated with a wide range of disease conditions. the existing ibvs continue to evolve in various geographic areas in asia, which results in the recombination and co-circulation be ... | 2016 | 26629927 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of nephropathic infectious bronchitis virus isolates of gujarat state, india. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a common, highly contagious, acute, and economically important viral disease of chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv, sp. avian coronavirus). five pooled tissue suspensions of 50 layer birds and one reference massachusetts vaccine strain were inoculated into specific pathogen free (spf) chicken egg for isolation of ibv. reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was carried out using post inoculated allontoic fluid to amplify the spike ( ... | 2015 | 26436120 |
| hatchery spray cabinet administration does not damage avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus vaccine based on analysis by electron microscopy and virus titration. | studies in our laboratory showed that the arkansas-delmarva poultry industry (ark-dpi) vaccine given to 1-day-old chickens by hatchery spray cabinet replicated poorly and failed to adequately protect broilers against homologous virus challenge, whereas the same vaccine given by eye-drop did replicate and the birds were protected following homologous virus challenge. to determine if mechanical damage following spray application plays a role in failure of the ark-dpi vaccine, we examined the morph ... | 2015 | 26292549 |
| age-dependent immune responses and immune protection after avian coronavirus vaccination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an endemic disease of chickens and a major contributor to economic losses for the poultry industry despite vaccination. recent observations indicated that chicks may have an immature immune system immediately after hatching when vaccinated for ibv. therefore we hypothesized that early ibv vaccination will generate an immature, poorly protective ibv-specific immune response contributing to immune escape and persistence of ibv. to test this hypothesis the ibv-s ... | 2015 | 25910920 |
| the avian coronavirus spike protein. | avian coronaviruses of the genus gammacoronavirus are represented by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the coronavirus of chicken. ibv causes a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory tract and, depending on the strain, other tissues including the reproductive and urogenital tract. the control of ibv in the field is hampered by the many different strains circulating worldwide and the limited protection across strains due to serotype diversity. this diversity is believed to be due to ... | 2014 | 25451062 |
| the genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus in taiwan by a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv; avian coronavirus) causes acute respiratory and reproductive and urogenital diseases in chickens. following sequence alignment of ibv strains, a combination of selective primer sets was designed to individually amplify the ibv wild-type and vaccine strains using a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (arms rt-pcr) approach. this system was shown to discriminate the ibv wild-type and vaccine strains. m ... | 2014 | 25223342 |
| immunoglobulin a as an early humoral responder after mucosal avian coronavirus vaccination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious coronavirus prevalent in all countries with an extensive poultry industry and continues to cause economic losses. ibv strains of the ark serotype are highly prevalent in the southeastern united states despite extensive vaccination. one explanation for this observation is the high genetic variability of ibv. in addition, ibv ark-type vaccines may induce suboptimal mucosal immune responses, contributing to the prevalence and persistence of t ... | 2014 | 25055633 |
| differences in the tissue tropism to chicken oviduct epithelial cells between avian coronavirus ibv strains qx and b1648 are not related to the sialic acid binding properties of their spike proteins. | the avian coronavirus (avcov) infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a major poultry pathogen. a characteristic feature of ibv is the occurrence of many different strains belonging to different serotypes, which makes a complete control of the disease by vaccinations a challenging task. reasons for differences in the tissue tropism and pathogenicity between ibv strains, e.g. a predilection for the kidneys or the oviduct are still an open question. strains of the qx genotype have been major pathogen ... | 2014 | 24928425 |
| mapping of the receptor-binding domain and amino acids critical for attachment in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the infection of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is initiated by the binding of the spike glycoprotein s to sialic acids on the chicken host cell. in this study we identified the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike of the prototype ibv strain m41. by analyzing the ability of recombinantly expressed chimeric and truncated spike proteins to bind to chicken tissues, we demonstrate that the n-terminal 253 amino acids of the spike are both required and sufficient for bi ... | 2014 | 24314633 |
| contributions of the s2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus. | the spike protein is the major viral attachment protein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and ultimately determines viral tropism. the s1 subunit of the spike is assumed to be required for virus attachment. however, we have previously shown that this domain of the embryo- and cell culture adapted beaudette strain, in contrast to that of the virulent m41 strain, is not sufficient for binding to chicken trachea (wickramasinghe et al., 2011). in the present study, we demons ... | 2013 | 24041648 |
| identification and survey of a novel avian coronavirus in ducks. | the rapid discovery of novel viruses using next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies including dna-seq and rna-seq, has greatly expanded our understanding of viral diversity in recent years. the timely identification of novel viruses using ngs technologies is also important for us to control emerging infectious diseases caused by novel viruses. in this study, we identified a novel duck coronavirus (cov), distinct with chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), using rna-seq. the novel duck-s ... | 2013 | 24023656 |
| cell-mediated immune responses in the head-associated lymphoid tissues induced to a live attenuated avian coronavirus vaccine. | humoral immunity is important for controlling viral diseases of poultry, but recent studies have indicated that cytotoxic t cells also play an important role in the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). to better understand the cell mediated immune responses to ibv in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments chickens were ocularly vaccinated with ibv. this induced a lymphocyte expansion in head-associated lymphoid tissues (halt) and to a lesser extent in the spleen, followed ... | 2013 | 23948147 |
| simultaneous detection of five major serotypes of avian coronavirus by a multiplex microsphere-based assay. | avian coronavirus (commonly known as infectious bronchitis virus [ibv]) is of major economic importance to commercial chicken producers worldwide. due to the existence of multiple serotypes and variants of the virus that do not cross-protect, it is important to diagnose circulating serotypes and choose the right vaccine type for successful protection. in an effort to improve conventional diagnostic tests, a microsphere-based assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of the mos ... | 2013 | 23847226 |
| association of the chicken mhc b haplotypes with resistance to avian coronavirus. | clinical respiratory illness was compared in five homozygous chicken lines, originating from homozygous b2, b8, b12 and b19, and heterozygous b2/b12 birds after infection with either of two strains of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). all chickens used in these studies originated from white leghorn and ancona linages. ibv gray strain infection of mhc homozygous b12 and b19 haplotype chicks resulted in severe respiratory disease compared to chicks with b2/b2 and b5/b5 haplotypes. demonstrati ... | 2013 | 23178407 |
| detection of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus type qx infection in switzerland. | infectious bronchitis, a disease of chickens caused by avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), leads to severe economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. various attempts to control the virus based on vaccination strategies are performed. however, due to the emergence of novel genotypes, an effective control of the virus is hindered. in 1996, a novel viral genotype named ibv-qx was reported for the first time in qingdao, shandong province, china. the first appearance of an ... | 2012 | 23051829 |
| molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses. | coronaviruses, which are single stranded, positive sense rna viruses, are responsible for a wide variety of existing and emerging diseases in humans and other animals. the gammacoronaviruses primarily infect avian hosts. within this genus of coronaviruses, the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes a highly infectious upper-respiratory tract disease in commercial poultry. ibv shows rapid evolution in chickens, frequently producing new antigenic types, which adds to the multip ... | 2012 | 22609285 |
| development of an antigen-capture elisa for the detection of avian leukosis virus p27 antigen. | an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) employing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against p27 was developed for the detection of the avian leukosis virus (alv). the specificity of the optimized ac-elisa was evaluated using avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), avian leukosis virus subgroup a (alv-a), avian leukosis virus subgroup b (alv-b), avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), marek's disease virus (mdv), avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowlpo ... | 2013 | 23201286 |
| detection of infectious bronchitis virus 793b, avian metapneumovirus, mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in poultry in ethiopia. | a survey was conducted into respiratory infectious diseases of poultry on a chicken breeder farm run by the ethiopian institute of agricultural research (eiar), located in debre zeit, ethiopia. oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 117 randomly selected birds, and blood was taken from a subset of 73 of these birds. a combination of serological and molecular methods was used for detection of pathogens. for the first time in ethiopia, we report the detection of variant infectious bronchitis viru ... | 2017 | 27924415 |
| co-infection with multiple respiratory pathogens contributes to increased mortality rates in algerian poultry flocks. | respiratory infections are a common cause for increased mortality rates in poultry worldwide. to improve intervention strategies, circulating pathogens have to be identified and further characterized. because of the lack of diagnostic tools, it was not known what pathogens contribute to the high mortality rates in association with respiratory disease in algeria. our objective was to determine if primary pathogens including mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms), avian influenza ... | 2015 | 26478165 |
| longitudinal monitoring for respiratory pathogens in broiler chickens reveals co-infection of chlamydia psittaci and ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. | chlamydia psittaci is prevalent in broiler chicken production. however, the role of c. psittaci in the respiratory disease complex needs to be clarified. our aim was to identify the time point when a c. psittaci infection appeared on a broiler farm and to examine the presence of other respiratory pathogens at that time. we focused on the 'major' respiratory pathogens occurring in belgian broilers, namely infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian metapneumovirus (ampv), ornithobacterium rhinotrach ... | 2015 | 25724936 |
| high seroprevalence of respiratory pathogens in hobby poultry. | seroprevalence studies on respiratory pathogens have been done extensively in commercial laying hens, broilers, and, to a lesser extent, backyard poultry. in europe, seroprevalence studies in backyard and fancy breed poultry flocks are scarce and limited to a few pathogens, such as mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg); others, such as ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort), are missing. a commercial elisa for detection of antibodies against six selected pathogens was performed on 460 serum samples from ... | 2014 | 25619008 |
| molecular detection of infectious bronchitis and avian metapneumoviruses in oman backyard poultry. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and avian metapneumovirus (ampv) are economically important viral pathogens infecting chickens globally. identification of endemic ibv and ampv strains promotes better control of both diseases and prevents production losses. orophrayngeal swab samples were taken from 2317 birds within 243 different backyard flocks in oman. swabs from each flock were examined by rt-pcr using part-s1 and g gene primers for ibv and ampv respectively. thirty-nine chicken flocks were ... | 2015 | 25613085 |
| avian metapneumoviruses expressing infectious bronchitis virus genes are stable and induce protection. | the study investigates the ability of subtype a avian metapneumovirus (ampv) to accept foreign genes and be used as a vector for delivery of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) qx genes to chickens. initially the gfp gene was added to ampv at all gene junctions in conjunction with the development of cassetted full length dna ampv copies. after recombinant virus had been recovered by reverse genetics, gfp positions supporting gene expression while maintaining virus viability in vitro, were determin ... | 2013 | 23588091 |
| potential immunomodulatory effects of non-dialyzable materials of cranberry extract in poultry production. | studies on effects of cranberry products in animals, especially in chickens, are very scarce or even lacking. this study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of high molecular weight non-dialyzable materials (ndms) of cranberry extract. the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. the ability of ndms (0, 1, 2, or 4 mg/ml) to enhance phagocytic activities was also evaluated using chicken heterophils (ches) against staphylococcus aureus furthermore, a broiler mo ... | 2017 | 27587728 |
| detection and molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus associated with chicks that have an unusual condition known as "white chicks" in brazil. | chicken astrovirus (castv) is one of many viruses related to enteric diseases in poultry that are associated with runting-stunting syndrome (rss), which affects young chickens. castv was also recently associated with an unusual condition in chicks called "white chicks." some hatcheries in certain states of brazil have reported several incubation problems, mortality, and the presence of chicks with white plumages over the past several months. these chicks were termed locally as "white chicks." th ... | 2016 | 26976903 |
| molecular detection of chicken parvovirus in broilers with enteric disorders presenting curving of duodenal loop, pancreatic atrophy, and mesenteritis. | enteric disorders are an important cause of economic losses in broiler chickens worldwide. several agents have been associated with enteric problems, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. in this study, broiler chickens showing signs of enteric disorders were subjected to molecular diagnosis for several viral agents and also for pathological examination for elucidating this problem. thus, the chickens were screened for avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken astrovirus (castv), avian rotavirus ... | 2016 | 26908891 |
| isolation of chicken astrovirus from specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs. | astroviruses have been associated with enteric disorders in many animal species, including chickens. here, we describe the isolation, propagation, and pathological characteristics of chicken astrovirus (castv) in specific pathogen free (spf) chicken embryonated eggs (cee) from chickens with diarrhea and runting-stunting syndrome. the cee were inoculated via the yolk sac route. viral confirmation was carried out using pcr techniques and transmission electron microscopy negative staining with ammo ... | 2015 | 25805833 |
| simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyzer-based multiplex pcr assay. | a new, rapid, and high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyzer-based multiplex pcr method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. the respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes h5, h7, and h9, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and haemophilus paragallinarum ... | 2014 | 25025815 |
| molecular survey of enteric viruses in commercial chicken farms in korea with a history of enteritis. | several enteric viruses have increasingly received attention as potential causative agents of runting-stunting syndrome (rss) in chickens. a molecular survey was performed to determine the presence of a broad range of enteric viruses, namely chicken astrovirus (castv), avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken parvovirus (chpv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian rotavirus (avrv), avian reovirus (arv), and fowl adenovirus (fadv), in intestinal samples derived from 34 commercial chicken flocks t ... | 2013 | 24135590 |
| maternal antibody decay and antibody-mediated immune responses in chicken pullets fed prebiotics and synbiotics. | three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of yeast-derived carbohydrates (ydc), and a blend of probiotics and ydc (synbiotic, snb) on serum igg concentration, maternal-derived antibody (mda) decay, and specific antibody-mediated immune response in chick pullets following immunization with t-cell dependent antigens. a total of 300 day-old pullet chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments including: a basal diet (control), and diets containing ydc, and snb (lactobacillus a ... | 2017 | 27433011 |
| emerging viral diseases of livestock in the developing world. | emerging and reemerging viral diseases of livestock and human beings are in sharp rise in recent years. importantly, many of these viruses, including influenza, hendra, nipah and corona are of zoonotic importance. several viral diseases of livestock such as bluetongue, peste des petits ruminants, camel pox, equine infectious anaemia, chicken anaemia and sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever are crossing their traditional boundaries. emergence of new serotypes and variant forms of viruses as ... | 2013 | 24426290 |
| evaluating protection against infectious bronchitis virus by clinical signs, ciliostasis, challenge virus detection, and histopathology. | in this study, we examined the association among clinical signs, ciliostasis, virus detection, and histopathology for evaluating protection of vaccinated chickens against homologous and heterologous infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) challenge. at 5 days following challenge with ibv, we found a good correlation among clinical signs, ciliostasis in the trachea, challenge virus detection, and microscopic lesions in the trachea, with all four criteria being negative in fully protected birds and posi ... | 2015 | 26478154 |
| regulation of coronaviral poly(a) tail length during infection is not coronavirus species- or host cell-specific. | it has been demonstrated that the length of the poly(a) tail in the bovine coronavirus (bcov), which belongs to genus betacoronaviruses, is regulated throughout infection in human rectal tumor-18 (hrt-18) cells, and the length of the poly(a) tail is associated with the efficiency of virus translation. here, we examined whether the regulation of viral poly(a) tail length is cell-type independent and whether it is a common feature of coronaviruses to assess the significance of the regulation. by l ... | 2014 | 25034371 |
| decay of maternal antibodies in broiler chickens. | the objective of this study was to determine the decay rate of maternal antibodies against major broiler chicken pathogens. a total of 30 one-day-old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and reared in isolation. these chicks were retrieved from a parent flock that received a routine vaccination program. chicks were bled at hatch and sequentially thereafter every 5 d through 30 d of age. maternal antibody titers were measured by elisa for avian encephalomyelitis (aev), avian in ... | 2013 | 23960115 |
| development of a chick bioassay for determination of infectivity of viral pathogens in poultry litter. | to develop a chicken bioassay to detect infective viral pathogens in poultry litter and to determine the effects of type of chicken and age of exposure, as well as the effect of simulated litter transportation, on the level of viral infectivity detected. | 2013 | 23356376 |
| effects of chicken anaemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunodeficiency on infectious bronchitis virus replication and genotypic drift. | we followed changes in a portion of the s1 gene sequence of the dominant populations of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) arkansas (ark) vaccine strain during serial passage in chickens infected with the immunosuppressive chicken anaemia virus (cav) and/or infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) as well as in immunocompetent chickens. the ibv-ark vaccine was applied ocularly and tears were collected from infected chickens for subsequent ocular inoculation in later passages. the experiment was ... | 2012 | 22897690 |
| emergence of enteric viruses in production chickens is a concern for avian health. | several viruses have been identified in recent years in the intestinal contents of chickens and turkeys with enteric problems, which have been observed in commercial farms worldwide, including brazil. molecular detection of these viruses in brazil can transform to a big threat for poultry production due to risk for intestinal integrity. this disease is characterized by severely delayed growth, low uniformity, lethargy, watery diarrhea, delayed feed consumption, and a decreased conversion rate. c ... | 2014 | 24578633 |
| role of chicken astrovirus as a causative agent of gout in commercial broilers in india. | several outbreaks of gout were reported in commercial broilers in india during 2011 and 2012, causing up to 40% mortality in the birds. gross and histopathological observations confirmed gout. quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) analysis from kidney samples of gout-affected birds indicated the presence of chicken astrovirus (castv) in 41.7% of cases and a mixed infection of castv and avian nephritis virus (anv) in 36.4% of cases. castv isolated from gout-affect ... | 2013 | 24015918 |
| bacmam virus-based surface display of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 glycoprotein confers strong protection against virulent ibv challenge in chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is associated with production inefficiencies in domestic fowl, and causes massive economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. progress has been made in designing novel and efficient candidate vaccines to control ibv infection. bacmam virus, a modified baculovirus mediating transgene expression under the control of a mammalian promoter, has emerged as a versatile and safe vector during vaccine development. in previous work, we generated the bacmam vi ... | 2014 | 24342247 |
| characterization of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus dmv/1639/11 recovered from delmarva broiler chickens in 2011. | a limited outbreak of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis (nib) occurred in three delmarva (dmv) commercial broiler chicken flocks in 2011. isolates of nib virus (nibv)--dmv/1639/11, dmv/3432/11, and dmv/3902/11--were characterized by sequence analysis of the n-terminal subunit (s1) of the spike (s) gene. findings indicated that the isolates were identical to each other and to pa/9579a/10, a 2010 isolate from poultry in pennsylvania. the 2010 and 2011 isolates appear to have originated from a ... | 2013 | 23678731 |
| pathomorphological studies of polyserositis in commercial caged layer chicken. | to detect etiological agents and pathological changes associated with polyserositis in commercial layer chicken. | 2014 | 25312143 |
| immune responses to mucosal vaccination by the recombinant a1 and n proteins of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is prevented primarily by the use of live attenuated vaccines, which are known to have a limited strain range of protection. alternative vaccines against the emerging new virus strains can improve control of the disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenic potential of two recombinant viral proteins, when administered by eyedrop, without the assistance of a vector. the recombinant s1 (rs1) and n (rn) proteins of the m41 strain expressed in e. c ... | 2012 | 22225471 |
| a survey for selected avian viral pathogens in backyard chicken farms in finland. | backyard poultry are regaining popularity in europe and increased interest in the health and management of non-commercial farms has resulted. furthermore, commercial poultry farm owners have become concerned about the risk represented by contagious avian diseases that nearby backyard poultry could transmit. fifty-one voluntary backyard chicken farms were visited between october 2012 and january 2013. blood samples and individual cloacal swabs were collected from 457 chickens. in 44 farms (86%), ... | 2017 | 27624642 |
| [development of a gexp assay for simultaneous differentiation of six chicken respiratory viruses]. | a gexp based multiplex pcr assay was developed to simultaneously detect six different chicken respiratory viruses including h5, h7, h9 subtypes of avian influenza virus(aiv), new castle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus(ibv) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus(iltv). according to the conserved sequences of genes of each pathogen, seven pairs of specific primers were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. the specificity and accuracy of gexp were examined using sa ... | 2013 | 23905467 |
| immune responses to infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), an alphaherpesvirus. despite the extensive use of attenuated, and more recently recombinant, vaccines for the control of this disease, ilt continues to affect the intensive poultry industries worldwide. innate and cell-mediated, rather than humoral immune responses, have been identified as responsible for protection against disease. this review examines the cu ... | 2013 | 23567343 |
| fine level epitope mapping and conservation analysis of two novel linear b-cell epitopes of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) may play an essential role in the replication and translation of viral rna. the n protein can also induce high titers of cross-reactive antibodies and cell-mediated immunity, which protects chickens from acute infection. in this study, we generated two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), designated as 6d10 and 4f10, which were directed against the n protein of ibv using the whole viral particles as immunogens. both of the mabs do no ... | 2013 | 23123213 |
| protection conferred by a recombinant marek's disease virus that expresses the spike protein from infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen-free chicken. | in many countries, the predominant field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have been classified as qx-like strains since 1996. however, no commercial vaccines that are specific for this type of ibv are currently available. therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel vaccines that prevent qx-like ibv infection. | 2012 | 22559869 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fusion proteins containing spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus and hemagglutinin of h3n2 influenza virus in chickens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens and vaccination is the main method for disease control. the s1 protein, which contains several virus neutralization epitopes, is considered to be a target site of vaccine development. however, although protective immune responses could be induced by recombinant s1 protein, the protection rate in chickens was still low (<50%). here, we generated fused s1 proteins with ha2 protein (rs1-ha2) or transm ... | 2016 | 27497621 |
| exploration of the bf2*15 major histocompatibility complex class i binding motif and identification of cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes from the h5n1 influenza virus nucleoprotein in chickens. | the binding motif of bf2*15 major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i was explored by analyzing the interaction between an infectious bronchitis virus octapeptide and bf2*15, and the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope from the nucleoprotein (np) of h5n1 virus was identified using experimental methods. computational methods, including homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular docking analysis, were used. the recombinant plasmid pcaggs-np was constructed, and np expres ... | 2016 | 27518404 |
| an impedance immunosensor based on low-cost microelectrodes and specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of avian influenza virus h5n1 in chicken swabs. | early screening of suspected cases is the key to control the spread of avian influenza (ai) h5n1. in our previous studies, an impedance biosensor with an interdigitated array microelectrode based biochip was developed and validated with pure ai h5 virus, but had limitations in cost and reliability of the biochip, specificity of the antibody against asian in-field h5n1 virus and detection of h5n1 virus in real samples. the purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost impedance immunosensor for ... | 2015 | 25263315 |
| recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing the infectious bronchitis virus s1 gene protects chickens against newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus challenge. | the recombinant lasota strain expressing a chimeric ibv s1 gene (rlasota-s1) was constructed with the s1 gene of the lx4 type ibv ck/ch/ldl/091022. the expression of the s1 protein was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. the rlasota-s1 strain was slightly attenuated, and its growth dynamics were similar to that of the parental lasota strain. vaccination of specific pathogen-free chickens with the rlasota-s1 strain induced ndv hemagglutination inhibition antibod ... | 2017 | 28342665 |
| new real time and conventional rt-pcrs for updated molecular diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus infection (ibv) in chickens in egypt associated with frequent co-infections with avian influenza and newcastle disease viruses. | in egypt, currently two geographically restricted genotypes of the infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) are circulating with detrimental effects for poultry industry. a sensitive real-time rt-pcr assay targeting the ibv nucleocapsid gene (n) was developed to screen clinical samples for presence of ibv. conventional rt-pcrs amplifying hypervariable regions (hvrs 1-2 and 3) of the ibv s1 gene were developed and amplificates used for nucleotide sequence-based typing of ibv field strains in egypt ... | 2017 | 28336367 |
| heat shock protein 70 in lung and kidney of specific-pathogen-free chickens is a receptor-associated protein that interacts with the binding domain of the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a member of the family coronaviridae. a binding domain that mediates the attachment of the virus to its receptor has been identified in the s1 protein of prototype ibv strain m41. in this study, we identified this binding domain in a different strain, as well as the cellular proteins that interact with it. first, we expressed the s1n proteins (residues 19-270) of m41 and another isolate, sczj3, and compared the binding capacities of recombinant s1n-m41 ... | 2017 | 28224252 |
| early immune responses and development of pathogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis viruses with different virulence profiles. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) primarily replicates in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract of chickens, inducing both morphological and immune modulatory changes. however, the association between the local immune responses induced by ibv and the mechanisms of pathogenesis has not yet been completely elucidated. this study compared the expression profile of genes related to immune responses in tracheal samples after challenge with two brazilian field isolates (a and b) of ibv ... | 2017 | 28199419 |
| prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken farms in south of iraq, 2014 - 2015. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by a gammacoronavirus, is an oie-listed (list b) disease and characterized by respiratory and renal involvements, causing high mortality, and economic loss in both layers and broilers. in comparison with other diagnostic methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and conventional rt-pcr are potent, more sensitive and faster techniques for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) detection. this research was conducted to detect ibv using specific prime ... | 2016 | 28144423 |
| identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the emergence of new infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants is often disastrous in the poultry industry. in this study, an ibv, ck/ch/2010/jt-1, was isolated from an h120- and 4/91-ibv-vaccinated flock in china. antisera against vaccine strains h120 and 4/91 could not provide effective protection against ck/ch/2010/jt-1 in virus neutralization assays. ck/ch/2010/jt-1 could cause 43.75% mortality with respiratory and severe renal lesions in inoculated chickens. phylogenetic analysis of the s1 ... | 2017 | 28110778 |
| the relationship between liver-kidney impairment and viral load after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in embryonic chickens. | to examine the relationship of impairments of the liver and kidney with viral load after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (nibv) infection in embryonic chickens, 120 specific-pathogen-free leghorn embryonated chicken eggs were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control), with three replicates per group and 20 eggs in each replicate. the eggs in the infected and control groups were challenged with 0.2 ml of 10(5.5) eld50 nibv and sterile saline solution, respectively. the ... | 2017 | 28108730 |
| origin and evolution of lx4 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in china. | we investigated the genomic characteristics of 110 lx4 genotype strains of infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) isolated between 1995 and 2005 in china. the genome of these ibvs varies in size from 27596bp to 27790bp. most ibv strains have the typical genomic organization of other gamacoronaviruses, however, two strains lacked 3a and 5b genes as a result of a nucleotide change within the start codon in the 3a or 5b genes. analysis of our 110 viruses revealed that recombination events may be resp ... | 2017 | 28062013 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a novel serotype infectious bronchitis virus (gi-28) in china. | avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) is a major poultry pathogen. a characteristic feature of ibv is the occurrence of many different strains belonging to different serotypes, which renders complete control of the disease by vaccination a challenging task due to the poor cross-protection between different serotypes. in this study, based on the results of s1 sequence analysis and virus cross-neutralization tests, ibv strain ck/ch/lgx/111119 was found to be genetically and antigenically d ... | 2017 | 28062000 |
| pathogenicity characteristics of an iranian variant-2 (is-1494) like infectious bronchitis virus in experimentally infected spf chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is a major cause of economic loss to the poultry industry. ib virus primarily affects respiratory tract, but strains differ in their tropism for such other target organs as kidneys and alimentary tract. the objective of this study was to estimate the pathogenicity of an iranian ib virus (ibv) variant (variant-2) which is one of the most prevalent isolates circulating in iranian poultry farms. spf chickens were intranasally inoculated with 104 eid50/0.1 ml of the ... | 2017 | 27928919 |
| insights from molecular structure predictions of the infectious bronchitis virus s1 spike glycoprotein. | infectious bronchitis virus is an important respiratory pathogen in chickens. the ibv s1 spike is a viral structural protein that is responsible for attachment to host receptors and is a major target for neutralizing antibodies. to date, there is no experimentally determined structure for the ibv s1 spike. in this study, we sought to find a predicted tertiary structure for ibv s1 using i-tasser, which is an automated homology modeling platform. we found that the predicted structures obtained wer ... | 2016 | 27836775 |
| pathogenicity of a tw-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus and evaluation of the protection induced against it by a qx-like strain. | avian infectious bronchitis, a highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), is of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry. new ibv tw-like strains have increasingly emerged in china in recent years; hence, evaluating their pathogenicity and developing a specific vaccine to guard against their potential threat to the poultry industry is important. here, we examined the pathogenicity of a tw-like ibv strain (gd), and evaluated the protective efficac ... | 2016 | 27803698 |
| full genome sequence analysis of a newly emerged qx-like infectious bronchitis virus from sudan reveals distinct spots of recombination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection continues to cause economically important diseases in poultry while different geno- and serotypes continue to circulate globally. two infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) were isolated from chickens with respiratory disease in sudan. sequence analysis of the hypervariable regions of the s1 gene revealed a close relation to the qx-like genotype which has not been detected in sudan before. whole genome analysis of ibv/ck/sudan/ar251-15/2014 isolate by nex ... | 2016 | 27793730 |
| small interfering rna expression inhibits avian infectious bronchitis virus replication and inflammatory response. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a major cause of poor weight gain and mortality among chicks. | 2016 | 26835751 |
| phylogenetic and antigenic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in southwestern china, 2012-2016. | the aim of this study was to decipher the molecular epidemiological and antigenic characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus strains (ibvs) isolated in recent years in southwestern china. a total of 24 field strains were isolated from diseased chickens between 2012 and 2016. phylogenetic analysis based on s1 nucleotide sequences showed that 16 of the 24 isolates were clustered into four distinct genotypes: qx (37.5%), tw (16.7%, twi and twii), mass (8.3%), and j2 (4.2%). the qx genotype was ... | 2016 | 27530216 |
| protection of chickens vaccinated with combinations of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines containing massachusetts, dutch and qx-like serotypes against challenge with virulent infectious bronchitis viruses 793b and is/1494/06 israel variant 2. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus which affects chickens of all ages. ibv mainly causes respiratory disease but can also result in reduced weight gain, reduced egg production, increased frequency of abnormal eggs and increased rates of mortality. vaccination is the most important way to control the disease. nevertheless, novel strains of infectious bronchitis (ib) continue to emerge in the field. in order to respond promptly, combinations of existing ib vaccines are frequently t ... | 2017 | 27400065 |
| infectious bronchitis virus poly-epitope-based vaccine protects chickens from acute infection. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes major losses in the poultry industry. the safe and effective vaccine to control ibv spread is imperative. in the present study, we developed ibv s1 glycoprotein poly-epitope-based dna vaccine pv-s1b+s1t consisting of sh1208 and holte strain bf2-restricted t cell epitopes and australian t strain dominant b cell neutralization epitopes. specific pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with pv-s1b+s1t and control plasmids twice to elicit strong humoral and ce ... | 2016 | 27665355 |
| polymorphisms in the s1 spike glycoprotein of arkansas-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) show differential binding to host tissues and altered antigenicity. | sequencing avian infectious bronchitis virus spike genes re-isolated from vaccinated chicks revealed that many sequence changes are found on the s1 spike gene. in the arkdpi strain, y43h and ∆344 are the two most common changes observed. this study aims to examine the roles of y43h and ∆344 in selection in vivo. using recombinant arkdpi s1 proteins, we conducted binding assays on chicken tracheas and embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (cam). protein histochemistry showed that the y43h change all ... | 2016 | 27619927 |
| gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus in quail. | this paper expands on a previous report about coronaviruses in quail. after surveillance carried out in 2009 and 2010, some farmers started vaccinating quail with the massachusetts avian infectious bronchitis virus serotype. the samples for this study were collected in 2013 from são paulo state in southeastern brazil. pools of trachea, lungs, reproductive tract, kidneys, and enteric contents from quail and laying hens kept in the same farms and from quail-only farms as well as from both healthy ... | 2016 | 27610726 |