| comparative trachea transcriptome analysis between avian infectious bronchitis virus and avian pathogenic e. coli individual infection and co-infection in spf chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) are two important respiratory pathogens in the chicken. the co-infection can lead to chronic complications and considerable economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. in the present study, we compared differential transcriptional profiles in the trachea tissue of three infected groups (ibv, apec, and co-infection) with the control group to investigate transcriptome profile changes at the early stage of t ... | 2020 | 33151740 |
| novel cyclovirus identified in broiler chickens with transmissible viral proventriculitis in china. | in october 2018, an outbreak of transmissible viral proventriculitis (tvp) occurred in 30-day-old commercial broiler chickens on a farm in weifang, china. tvp, an infectious viral disease characterized by runting and stunting, is associated with many viruses, and has a significant economic impact on the global poultry industry. tvp is diagnosed according to clinical symptoms, gross and histological lesions, and negative pcr results for pathogenic bacteria, avian leukosis virus subgroup j, marek' ... | 2020 | 33134354 |
| the chicken mhc: insights into genetic resistance, immunity, and inflammation following infectious bronchitis virus infections. | the chicken immune system has provided an immense contribution to basic immunology knowledge by establishing major landmarks and discoveries that defined concepts widely used today. one of many special features on chickens is the presence of a compact and simple major histocompatibility complex (mhc). despite its simplicity, the chicken mhc maintains the essential counterpart genes of the mammalian mhc, allowing for a strong association to be detected between the mhc and resistance or susceptibi ... | 2020 | 33147703 |
| genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of gi-1/massachusetts lineage infectious bronchitis virus variants recently isolated in china. | four gi-1/massachusetts-type (gi-1/mass-type) infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains were isolated and the complete genomes of these isolates, coupled with the mass-type live-attenuated vaccine h120 and the mass-type pathogenic m41 strains, were sequenced in the present study. our results show that isolates ljl/140820 and i0306/17 may be derived from the ma5 (another mass-type live-attenuated vaccine strain) and h120 vaccine strains, respectively. the i1124/16 strain was found to be a m41 var ... | 2020 | 33142461 |
| effect of restricted feed intake in broiler breeder hens on their stress levels and the growth and immunology of their offspring. | the prenatal environment has been shown to have significant effects on the lifelong health of offspring in humans and other species. such effects have not been studied extensively in avian species but could prove important, especially in the case of severe feed restriction imposed on broiler breeder hens to prevent obesity and reduce rate of lay. feed restriction can potentially affect not only nutrient supply to the embryo but stress hormone levels within the hen. this study investigated the im ... | 2018 | 32704710 |
| coronavirus: proteomics analysis of chicken kidney tissue infected with variant 2 (is-1494)-like avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus is one of the most important gammacoronaviruses, which causes a highly contagious disease. in this study, we investigated changes in the proteome of kidney tissue of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens that were infected with an isolate of the nephrotropic variant 2 genotype (is/1494/06) of avian coronavirus. twenty 1-day-old spf white leghorn chickens were randomly divided into two groups, each comprising 10 chickens, which were kept in separate positive-pres ... | 2020 | 33083914 |
| development and immunogenic potentials of chitosan-saponin encapsulated dna vaccine against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an economically important disease of poultry that also serve as model for the understanding of other coronaviruses associated diseases. ib is considered as a major challenge to the poultry industry worldwide as a result of its effect on egg production, weight gain as well as mortality. different ibv genotypes continue to emerge, thus, the need for broad based vaccines to curb the disease. based on bioinformatic data obtained in this study, sets of monovalent (either ... | 2020 | 33068733 |
| research note: rapid detection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus with real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification. | in this study, specific primers and fluorescent probes were designed to target the thymidine kinase (tk) gene sequence of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv). through specificity and sensitivity tests, a real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification (rf-raa) method for detecting iltv was established. the results showed that the method was specific and could be used to accurately detect iltv, and there was no cross-reaction with newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian infl ... | 2020 | 32988516 |
| efficacy of commercial polyvalent avian infectious bronchitis vaccines against chinese qx-like and tw-like strain via different vaccination strategies. | the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an acute and highly contagious disease, which affects chickens of all ages. vaccination is the most important way to control this disease. nevertheless, novel variant strains are constantly reported because of the lack of proofreading capabilities of rna polymerase and high frequency of homologous rna recombination. cross-protection studies has demonstrated that the vaccines could provide great protective effects against viruses of same serotype or genoty ... | 2020 | 32988513 |
| phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus circulating in southern china in 2016-2017 and evaluation of an attenuated strain as a vaccine candidate. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease, caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), that poses an important economic threat to the poultry industry. in recent years, genotypes gi-7, gi-13, and gi-19 have been the most prevalent ibv strains in china. however, in this study, we found that most ibv strains from southern china in 2016-2017 belonged to genotype gvi-1. this genotype, for which there is no vaccine, has been reported sporadically in the region ... | 2020 | 33067648 |
| development of a recombinant thermostable newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine express infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) multiple epitopes for protecting against ibv and ndv challenges. | newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) are two highly contagious diseases that severely threaten the poultry industry. the goal of this study is to prevent these two diseases and reduce the vaccine costs during storage and transportation. in this study, we design a thermostable recombinant newcastle disease virus (ndv) candidate live vaccine strain designated as rls-t-hn-t/b, which expresses the multiple epitope cassette of the identified infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) (s-t/b). ... | 2020 | 33019497 |
| immunopathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus q1 in specific pathogen free chicks. | the immunopathogenesis of avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) q1, was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks. following infection, chicks exhibited respiratory clinical signs and reduced body weight. oropharyngeal (op) and cloacal (cl) swabs were collected at intervals and found to be rt-pcr positive, with a greater number of partial-s1 amino acid changes noted in cl swabs compared to op swabs. in tissue samples, ibv viral load peaked 9 days post infection (dpi) in the tr ... | 2020 | 32980469 |
| characterization of s1 gene sequence variations of attenuated qx-like and variant infectious bronchitis virus strains and the pathogenicity of the viruses in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | besides the vaccine strains, the malaysian variant (mv) and qx-like are the predominant ibvs detected on commercial poultry farms. these two virus strains are distinct based on genomic and pathogenicity studies. in this study, we determined the sequence of the s1 gene and compared the pathogenicity of serial passage 70 (p70) of malaysian qx-like (qx/p70) and mv (mv/p70) strains with that of their respective wild-type viruses. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the complete s1 genes of qx ... | 2020 | 32964293 |
| a bio-safe multiple antigenic peptide (map) enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | the objective of the study was to develop a bio-safe synthetic peptide elisa for the detection of antibodies against the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) using a novel multiple antigenic peptide approach (map). after initial elisa optimization, diagnostic sensitivity (dsn) and specificity (dsp) for the linear peptides were determined using receiver operator curve (roc) analysis. the peptide ibvp1 showed 90.44% dsn and 88.64% dsp at roc cut off 22.8% while ibvp2 showed 88.24% dsn and 85.23% dsp ... | 2020 | 32999814 |
| infectious bronchitis coronavirus infection in chickens: multiple system disease with immune suppression. | in the early 1930s, infectious bronchitis (ib) was first characterized as a respiratory disease in young chickens; later, the disease was also described in older chickens. the etiology of ib was confirmed later as being due to a coronavirus: the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). being a coronavirus, ibv is subject to constant genome change due to mutation and recombination, with the consequence of changing clinical and pathological manifestations. the potential use of live attenuated vaccines f ... | 2020 | 32987684 |
| development of hibit-tagged recombinant infectious bronchitis coronavirus for efficient in vitro and in vivo viral quantification. | coronaviruses (covs) are enveloped (+) ssrna viruses of veterinary and medical importance. because recombinant covs with reporter proteins fused with viral proteins are usually non-viable or unstable, a small and quantifiable epitope tag would be beneficial to cov research. in this study, we integrated the nanoluc binary technology to the reverse genetics of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a prototypic gammacoronavirus. the 11-amino-acid hibit tag was inserted to the spike (s) or membrane (m) ... | 2020 | 32983065 |
| molecular identification of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from respiratory diseases in some iranian broiler flocks. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute, highly contagious disease associated with respiratory signs in young chickens and reduced egg production and quality in layers. the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the infectious bronchitis virus in broiler flocks with respiratory diseases in four provinces of iran. the specimens from forty ib suspected flocks from different regions of isfahan, east azerbaijan, golestan, and khuzestan provinces were collected, and the trachea, lung, and c ... | 2020 | 32892307 |
| vaccine design of coronavirus spike (s) glycoprotein in chicken: immunoinformatics and computational approaches. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens and produces economic loss within the poultry industry. this disease is caused by a single stranded rna virus belonging to cronaviridae family. this study aimed to design a potential multi-epitopes vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus spike protein (s). protein characterization was also performed for ibv spike protein. | 2020 | 32869000 |
| replicase 1a gene plays a critical role in pathogenesis of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an important pathogen threatening poultry production worldwide. here, two recombinant ibvs (ryn-1a-ayn and ryn-1b-ayn) were generated in which orf1a or orf1b of the virulent yn genome were replaced by the corresponding regions from the attenuated strain ayn. the pathogenicity and virulence of ribvs were evaluated in ovo and in vivo. the results revealed that mutations in the orf1a gene during passage in embryonated eggs caused the decreased ... | 2020 | 32853833 |
| sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus variant strain from an outbreak in egg-layer flocks in baghdad, iraq. | infectious bronchitis (ib) has an influential economic impact on the poultry industry, causing huge losses each year due to the condemnation of infected chickens. despite the use of many kinds of vaccines in iraq, it is common to find ib problems in vaccinated chickens. information about the strains that affect iraqi chickens is very limited. therefore, we aimed to detect the currently circulating strains of ib virus that cause frequent outbreaks in egg layers despite the use of vaccination agai ... | 2020 | 32848311 |
| isolation and propagation of coronaviruses in embryonated eggs. | the embryonated egg is a complex structure comprised of an embryo and its supporting membranes (chorioallantoic, amniotic, and yolk). the developing embryo and its membranes provide a diversity of cell types that allow for the successful replication of a wide variety of different viruses. within the family coronaviridae the embryonated egg has been used as a host system primarily for two avian coronaviruses within the genus gammacoronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronavir ... | 2020 | 32833208 |
| construction of an infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strain carrying chimeric s1 gene of a virulent isolate and its pathogenicity analysis. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a member of genus gamma-coronavirus in the family coronaviridae, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. reverse genetics is a common technique to study the biological characteristics of viruses. so far, there is no bac reverse genetic system available for rescue of ibv infectious clone. in the present study, a new strategy for the construction of ibv infectious cdna clone was established. the full-length genomic cdna of ibv vaccine strain h1 ... | 2020 | 32813067 |
| evaluation of the reproductive system development and egg-laying performance of hens infected with tw i-type infectious bronchitis virus. | the prevalence of tw i-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been increasing rapidly, and it has become the second most common genotype of ibv in china threatening the poultry industry. in this study, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens infected with tw i-type ibv were continuously observed for 200 days. tw i-type ibv affected the respiratory, urinary, and female reproductive systems, resulting in a mortality rate of 10% as well as a decrease in egg quantity and an increase in i ... | 2020 | 32736651 |
| a closed-tube, single-step, real time, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for infectious bronchitis virus detection in chickens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a viral infection of the chicken respiratory tract that causes substantial economic burden on the industry. simple, specific and rapid diagnosis of this disease is critical for the initiation of appropriate control measures. conventional molecular diagnostic methods require a relatively sophisticated equipment and skilled staff. here we describe a rapid, simple, semi-quantative, closed-tube, single-step, real-time- reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal ampl ... | 2020 | 32687868 |
| temperature sensitivity: a potential method for the generation of vaccines against the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious economically important respiratory pathogen of domestic fowl. reverse genetics allows for the molecular study of pathogenic determinants to enable rational vaccine design. the recombinant ibv (ribv) beau-r, a molecular clone of the apathogenic beaudette strain, has previously been investigated as a vaccine platform. to determine tissues in which beau-r could effectively deliver antigenic genes, an in vivo study in chic ... | 2020 | 32674326 |
| a novel mucosal adjuvant system for immunization against avian coronavirus causing infectious bronchitis. | infectious bronchitis (ib) caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is currently a major threat to chicken health, with multiple outbreaks being reported in the united states over the past decade. modified live virus (mlv) vaccines used in the field can persist and provide the genetic material needed for recombination and emergence of novel ibv serotypes. inactivated and subunit vaccines overcome some of the limitations of mlv with no risk of virulence reversion and emergence of new virulent ... | 2020 | 32669327 |
| the characterization of chifitms in avian coronavirus infection in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro. | the coronaviruses are a large family of enveloped rna viruses that commonly cause gastrointestinal or respiratory illnesses in the infected host. avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen of chickens that can affect the kidneys and reproductive systems resulting in bird mortality and decreased reproductivity. the interferon-inducible transmembrane (ifitm) proteins are activated in response to viral infections and represent a class of cellular ... | 2020 | 32785186 |
| heat shock protein member 8 is an attachment factor for infectious bronchitis virus. | although infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the first coronavirus identified, little is known about which membrane protein of host cells could interact with ibv spike protein and facilitate the infection by the virus. in this study, by using a monoclonal antibody to the s1 protein of ibv m41 strain, we found that heat shock protein member 8 (hspa8) could interact with spike protein of ibv. hspa8 was found to be present on the cell membrane and chicken tissues, with highest expression level in ... | 2020 | 32765462 |
| sequence analysis and pathogenicity of avian orthoavulavirus 1 strains isolated from poultry flocks during 2015-2019. | newcastle disease (nd) causes severe economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. egyptian poultry industry suffered from severe economic losses since the isolation of velogenic newcastle disease virus (vndv) genotype viid in 2011 and up till now despite the use of different vaccination programs. so, this study aimed to isolate and characterize the vndv from a total of 120 poultry flocks from ten provinces in the egyptian delta region with a history of respiratory manifestation, high mortaliti ... | 2020 | 32698866 |
| molecular detection of avian infectious bronchitis viruses in live bird markets, gilan province. | coronaviruses (avcov) which include infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and other bird coronaviruses belong to the genus gammacoronavirus, subfamily coronavirinae. one of the most prominent representatives of gammacoronavirus genus is infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) which is a highly contagious viral pathogen of chickens causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. ibvs mostly affect the respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts leading to a substantial drop in production. b ... | 2020 | 32621443 |
| pathogenic characteristics of a qx-like infectious bronchitis virus strain sd in chickens exposed at different ages and protective efficacy of combining live homologous and heterologous vaccination. | continued reports of infections with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants have occurred since its first isolation in the 1930s. currently, qx-like ibvs are the predominant circulating genotype around the world. here, the pathogenicity of qx-like ibv strain sd was characterized in chickens at different ages of exposure to the virus, and the protection efficacy of available vaccine combinations against ibv was evaluated. the results revealed that qx-like ibv strain sd was severely pathogenic ... | 2020 | 32641162 |
| emerging infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in egypt: evidence for an evolutionary advantage of a new s1 variant with a unique gene 3ab constellation. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a gamma-coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis (ib), a major respiratory disease of chicken. its high mutation rate in conjunction with recombination of the rna genome constantly creates ibv variants that are difficult to control by currently available vaccines. in this study, we addressed the question whether small-scale holdings might harbor ibv variants that serve as a reservoir for newly emerging variants. egyptian ibv isolate egy/nr725/2016 (nr725/16) f ... | 2020 | 32622080 |
| molecular monitoring of d1466 genotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus in iran: a retrospective study in 2013-2017. | infectious bronchitis is one of the most common diseases in the poultry industry in many countries, especially in the regions with a dense poultry farming industry. gammacoronavirus is the etiologic agent of this disease, with the chickens and poultries as the natural reservoirs of the virus. various strains of infectious bronchitis virus have been reported in poultry around the world. in terms of pathogenicity, this virus can induce a spectrum of diseases ranging from the moderate respiratory t ... | 2020 | 32621444 |
| nitric oxide production and fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis as functional readouts of macrophage activity upon stimulation with inactivated poultry vaccines in vitro. | vaccine batches must pass routine quality control to confirm that their ability to induce protection against disease is consistent with batches of proven efficacy from development studies. for poultry vaccines, these tests are often performed in laboratory chickens by vaccination-challenge trials or serological assays. the aim of this study was to investigate innate immune responses against inactivated poultry vaccines and identify candidate immune parameters for in vitro quality tests as altern ... | 2020 | 32580391 |
| infectious bronchitis virus inhibits activation of the tlr7 pathway, but not the tlr3 pathway. | various strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) cause different forms of infectious bronchitis with different clinical signs. here, primary chicken embryo kidney (cek) cells and specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens were infected with three pathogenic ibv strains, and it was observed that the tlr7-myd88 pathway was inhibited but the tlr3-tirf pathway was activated. after treatment with poly(i:c)-lmw, poly (i:c)-lmw/lyovec, and imiquimod, the replication of ibv was significantly suppressed a ... | 2020 | 32524263 |
| efficacy of infectious bronchitis gi-13 (793b) vaccine candidate tested according to the current european union requirements and for cross-protection against heterologous qx-like challenge. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens, known to cause severe economic losses. vaccination against ib virus (ibv) is an important control measure against the disease. the objective of the present study was to test avishield ib gi-13, the vaccine candidate against ibv, strain v-173/11 (gi-13 genotype), according to european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) efficacy requirements. laboratory study on specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens showed 100% protection against c ... | 2020 | 32522104 |
| comparative protective efficacies of novel avian paramyxovirus-vectored vaccines against virulent infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | viral vectored vaccines are desirable alternatives for conventional infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccines. we have recently shown that a recombinant newcastle disease virus (rndv) strain lasota expressing the spike (s) protein of ibv strain mass-41 (rlasota/ibv-s) was a promising vaccine candidate for ibv. here we evaluated a novel chimeric rndv/avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (rndv/apmv-2) as a vaccine vector against ibv. the rndv/apmv-2 vector was chosen because it is much safer than the r ... | 2020 | 32605292 |
| genetic, antigenic, and pathogenic characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus gi-7/tw-ii in china. | nine infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains belonging to the gi-7 lineage were isolated between 2009 and 2017 in china. phylogenetic analysis and comparisons of full-length sequences of the s1 gene suggested that the gi-7 lineage should be further classified as taiwan (tw)-i and tw-ii sublineages, which correspond to the previous tw-i and tw-ii genotypes. the nine ibv strains were clustered in the tw-ii sublineage. further investigation revealed that viruses in the tw-i and tw-ii were not onl ... | 2020 | 32550619 |
| infectious coryza: persistence, genotyping, and vaccine testing. | the reemergence of infectious coryza (ic) caused by avibacterium paragallinarum (ap) as an acute and occasionally chronic respiratory disease in domestic poultry has caused severe losses in several u.s. states. the disease is also associated with decreased egg production in layers and increased condemnations from air sac infections in broilers. a series of applied experiments were performed to elucidate the persistence of ap in infected broiler flocks, to genotype ap strains isolated from field ... | 2020 | 32550616 |
| the construction and immunoadjuvant activities of the oral interleukin-17b expressed by lactobacillus plantarum nc8 strain in the infectious bronchitis virus vaccination of chickens. | interleukin-17b (il-17b) is a protective cytokine of the il-17 family and plays an essential role in the regulation of mucosal inflammation. however, little is known about the role of il-17b in the control of viral infections. in this study, a recombinant lactobacillus plantarum, designated as nc8-chil17b, was constructed to express the chicken il-17b (chil-17b) gene. the recombinant chil17b (rchil17b) protein was about 14 kda and was anchored to the surface of nc8 cells. in vitro, it was found ... | 2020 | 32517220 |
| evolutionary analysis of infectious bronchitis virus reveals marked genetic diversity and recombination events. | in the last 5 years, frequent outbreaks of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are observed in both broiler and layer chicken flocks in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) in spite of extensive usage of vaccines. the ibv is a widespread avian coronavirus affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken flocks and is attributed to significant economic losses, around the globe. in the present study, 58 (n = 58) samples were collected from four different commercial poultry flocks from 8 ksa districts ... | 2020 | 32486006 |
| epidemiological investigation of avian infectious bronchitis and locally determined genotype diversity in central china: a 2016-2018 study. | infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by avian ib virus (ibv), is an acute and highly contagious disease of chickens. from 2016 to 2018, 56 ibv strains were isolated and identified from clinical samples obtained from various chicken farms located in central china. the s1 sequencing of these strains revealed nucleotide and amino acid identities of 70.2 to 100% and 62.6 to 100%, respectively, compared with those of reference strains. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genotypes of the isolates ... | 2020 | 32475435 |
| changes in the percentages of b- and t-lymphocytes and antibody titres in laying hens infested with dermanyssus gallinae-a preliminary study. | (1) background: dermanyssus gallinae, a hematophagous ectoparasite, adversely affects the health status of laying hens, leading to reduced egg production and significant economic losses in commercial farms. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of d. gallinae on the development of post-vaccination immune responses in layer hens. (2) methods: a total of 80 blood samples were collected at four time-points (b1-b4) from 10 hy-line brown hens, randomly selected from a commercial layer far ... | 2020 | 32517104 |
| evaluation of inactivated vaccine of the variant 2 (is-1494 /gi-23) genotype of avian infectious bronchitis. | the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the cause of avian infectious bronchitis (ib). ib is one of the most highly contagious diseases, which results in many economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. the nature of this virus is such that it generates new genotypes continuously. proper vaccination is the most suitable way of combatting ib. one of the novel genotypes of ibv, which has been circulating in the middle eastern countries, is the variant 2 (is-1494/gi-23) genotype. this study ... | 2020 | 32505764 |
| induction of robust immune responses by cpg-odn-loaded hollow polymeric nanoparticles for antiviral and vaccine applications in chickens. | poultry vaccine has limited choices of adjuvants and is facing severe threat of infectious diseases due to ineffective of widely used commercial vaccines. thus, development of novel adjuvant that offers safe and effective immunity is of urgent need. | 2020 | 32494131 |
| adjuvant effects of platycodin d on immune responses to infectious bronchitis vaccine in chickens. | adjuvants are common vaccine components. novel adjuvants may improve the protective immunity conferred by vaccines against poultry diseases. here, a less-hemolytic saponin, platycodin d (pd), isolated from the root of platycodon grandiflorum was investigated as a potential alternative adjuvant. pd was tested as an adjuvant in the infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine, because the existing ib vaccine has often failed to induce effective immune responses. the adjuvant activity of pd in conjunction wi ... | 2020 | 32461731 |
| molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus based on rna-dependent rna polymerase gene. | extensive rate of variations in the s1 gene (spike glycoprotein subunit gene) of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes challenges for clinicians in counting variants for differentiation of infected from vaccinated birds and addressing the variants of unknown significance. this study investigated the possibility of using an rna-dependent rna polymerase gene (rdrp) as a target for molecular characterization of ibv strains in iran. trachea samples were collected from commercial broiler flocks (n ... | 2020 | 32458483 |
| characterization of novel, pathogenic field strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in poultry in trinidad and tobago. | avian coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronavirus (tcov), are economically important viruses affecting poultry worldwide. ibv is responsible for causing severe losses to the commercial poultry sector globally. the objectives of this study were to identify the viruses that were causing outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in chickens in trinidad and tobago (t&t) and to characterize the strains. swab samples were collected from birds showing severe respirat ... | 2020 | 32438523 |
| immunomodulatory effect of ginseng stem-leaf saponins and selenium on harderian gland in immunization of chickens to newcastle disease vaccine. | our previous study demonstrated that ginseng stem-leaf saponins (gsls) in combination with selenium (gsls-se) have adjuvant effect on the live vaccine of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in intraocular-and-intranasal immunization in chickens. the present study was to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the immunomodulation of gsls-se on the harderian gland (hg). it was found that the window allowing animals susceptible to infections due t ... | 2020 | 32422443 |
| pathogenicity of a qx-like avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in china. | avian infectious bronchitis is a serious and highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). we isolated a highly virulent ibv strain (ck/ch/js/tahy) from kidneys of diseased chickens. phylogenetic analysis based on the s1 gene revealed that ck/ch/js/tahy clustered with the qx-like type. the s1 gene has 1,620 nucleotides and encoded a polypeptide of 540 amino acids with typical coronavirus cleavage recognition sites of hrrr. about 1-day-old specific pathogen-free white leg ... | 2020 | 32416792 |
| emergence of variant avian infectious bronchitis virus in india. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the etiological agent of an acute and highly contagious disease. infectious bronchitis (ib) affects chicken of all ages and poses major economic loses to the poultry industry worldwide. the continuous evolution of the spike protein (s1) of ibv is responsible for the prevalence of many serotypes/genotypes around the world. multiple lineages of ibv strains have been detected in chicken flocks in india since 2003. | 2020 | 32368223 |
| pustulan activates chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro and promotes ex vivo cd4+ t cell recall response to infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious avian coronavirus. ibv causes substantial worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. vaccination with live-attenuated viral vaccines, therefore, are of critical importance. live-attenuated viral vaccines, however, exhibit the potential for reversion to virulence and recombination with virulent field strains. therefore, alternatives such as subunit vaccines are needed together with the identification of suitable adjuvants, as subuni ... | 2020 | 32429204 |
| spotlight on avian coronaviruses. | coronaviruses (covs) mainly cause enteric and/or respiratory signs. mammalian covs including covid-19 (now officially named sars-cov-2) belong to either the alphacoronavirus or betacoronavirus genera. in birds, the majority of the known covs belong to the gammacoronavirus genus, whilst a small number are classified as deltacoronaviruses. gammacoronaviruses continue to be reported in an increasing number of avian species, generally by detection of viral rna. apart from infectious bronchitis virus ... | 2020 | 32374218 |
| a highly pathogenic gi-19 lineage infectious bronchitis virus originated from multiple recombination events with broad tissue tropism. | in the present study, an ibv strain i0305/19 was isolated from a diseased commercial broiler flock in 2019 in china with high morbidity and mortality. the isolate i0305/19 was clustered together with viruses in sublineage d of gi-19 lineage on the basis of the complete s1 sequence analysis. isolate i0305/19 and other gi-19 viruses isolated in china have the amino acid sequence mia at positions 110-112 in the s protein. further analysis based on the complete genomic sequence showed that the isola ... | 2020 | 32380209 |
| in ovo delivered toll-like receptor 7 ligand, resiquimod enhances host responses against infectious bronchitis corona virus (ibv) infection. | toll-like receptor (tlr) 7 ligand, resiquimod, has been studied as an adjuvant and antiviral agent against several pathogens in chicken. yet, the effectiveness of resiquimod against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection has not been evaluated. in this study, we investigated the effectiveness of resiquimod delivered pre-hatch (in ovo) against ibv infection post-hatch identifying key mechanisms involved in resiquimod driven immune activation. first, we found an upregulation of interleukin (i ... | 2020 | 32326430 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of live infectious bronchitis 793/b.08ir vaccine in spf chickens. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has a variety of serotypes with relatively limited cross-protection leading the disease to be a major problem in the poultry industry. the ibv 793/b strain has identified to circulate in iran; therefore, the development of a specific vaccine to protect against the virulent virus has received attention. in this regard, the live ib 793/b vaccine (793/b.08ir) was developed in the razi vaccine and serum research institute. in this study, the immunogenicity of 793/b. ... | 2020 | 32291999 |
| nationwide survey of infectious bronchitis virus on layer farms in japan during 2015. | after accumulating data through a nationwide survey, we characterized the recent prevalences and geographic distributions of various genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) on layer farms in japan. reverse transcription pcr analysis of fecal samples revealed the presence of the ibv nucleoprotein (n) gene on approximately 30% of the farms surveyed. n-gene detection rates were higher in the chugoku and kyushu regions than in the remaining surveyed regions. phylogenetic analysis of s1 gene s ... | 2020 | 32267128 |
| infectious bronchitis virus population structure defines immune response and protection. | a commercial arkansas (ark) delmarva poultry industry (dpi)-type vaccine and a more homogeneous population of that vaccine obtained previously through adaptation to chicken embryo kidney (cek) cells (cek-arkdpi) were used as a model to further understand the impact of population genetic structure on generation of immune responses and protection. in a first experiment, vaccinated chickens were challenged with an ibv ark99-type virulent strain (al/4614/98). despite extensive sequence similarity be ... | 2020 | 32267126 |
| limited protection conferred by recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing infectious bronchitis spike protein. | recombinant newcastle disease virus (ndv) lasota (ls) expressing secreted trimeric spike (s)-ectodomain (se) of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) (rls/ibv.se) was developed and evaluated for protection conferred against ibv challenge. the ibv s-ectodomain protein, which is s excluding the transmembrane anchor and short cytoplasmic domain of s2, expressed from recombinant ls corresponds to an arkansas (ark)-type ibv. in a first experiment, chickens were primed at 1 day of age or primed at 1 day o ... | 2020 | 32267125 |
| cytokine responses in tracheas from major histocompatibility complex congenic chicken lines with distinct susceptibilities to infectious bronchitis virus. | the chicken major histocompatibility complex (mhc) b locus has been linked to resistance to infectious diseases. we have previously provided evidence that the mhc congenic chicken lines 331/b2 and 335/b19 differ in susceptibility to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains m41 and arkdpi in in vivo challenge experiments. innate immune responses can be difficult to measure in vivo because they are nonspecific and can be triggered by environmental factors. in an attempt to address this issue, we ... | 2020 | 32267123 |
| intestinal tropism of an infectious bronchitis virus isolate not explained by spike protein binding specificity. | an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) with an unusual enteric tropism (calent) was isolated from a california broiler flock exhibiting runting-stunting syndrome. ibv was detected in the small intestine, but not in the respiratory tract or kidney. during virus isolation in embryos, it did not replicate in chorioallantoic membrane (cam) but could be recovered from intestines. its s1 protein showed 93% amino acid sequence identity to a california variant isolated in 1999 (cal99). intestinal lesions ... | 2020 | 32267122 |
| infectious bronchitis virus immune responses in the harderian gland upon initial vaccination. | in recent years, arkansas delmarva poultry industry (arkdpi)-derived infectious bronchitis (ib) virus (ibv) vaccines have been used to characterize the immune responses of chickens subsequent to vaccination on day of hatch or beyond. perhaps because arkdpi vaccines display increased heterogeneity, the results on cell immune responses have shown ambiguity. in the current study, we investigated the effects of vaccination with a highly stable and homogeneous massachusetts (mass)-type vaccine on day ... | 2020 | 32267130 |
| new pa/1220/98-like variant of infectious bronchitis virus in poland. | the aim of the present study was to report the first detection of a new infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variant in polish commercial flocks which is completely different to any previously known in this region. in 2018, samples from ross 308 breeding hens aged 35 weeks were delivered for ibv diagnosis. ibv presence was detected, but all attempts to amplify the s gene fragment were negative. the field material was analysed using the illumina miseq platform and a 1073-nt fragment of the s1 coding ... | 2020 | 32271091 |
| cocirculation of four infectious bronchitis virus lineages in broiler chickens in the eastern region of saudi arabia from 2012 to 2014. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an evolving and dynamic virus that causes major economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. continuous evolution and emergence of new variants of this virus are the major challenges for controlling the disease with routine vaccination. successful vaccination usually requires the use of a homologous vaccine, which in turn necessitates continuous investigation of the circulating strains. herein, we performed a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chai ... | 2020 | 32292579 |
| multiple recombination events between field and vaccine strains resulted in the emergence of a novel infectious bronchitis virus with decreased pathogenicity and altered replication capacity. | in this study, we isolated and identified 2 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains from layer chickens soon after vaccination with the massachusetts-connecticut bivalent vaccine (conn) and h120 and 4/91 booster vaccines in china in 2011. the results of cross-virus-neutralization tests and phylogenetic analysis of the s1 subunit of spike gene of these vaccine strains and other reference strains showed that strain ljl/110302 was of gi-19 lineage, whereas lln/111169 was of the gi-1 lineage of th ... | 2020 | 32241473 |
| genetic characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses in thailand, 2014-2016: identification of a novel recombinant variant. | infectious bronchitis (ib) causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide owing to frequent emergence of novel infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants, which potentially affect the effectiveness of the currently used ibv vaccine. therefore, continuous monitoring of ibv genotypes and lineages recently circulating in chickens worldwide is essential. in this study, we characterized the complete s1 gene from 120 ibvs circulating in chickens in thailand from 2014 to 2016. phylogen ... | 2020 | 32241468 |
| genetic sequence changes related to the attenuation of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain tw2575/98. | the attenuated avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), derived from a wild strain (tw2575/98w) in chicken embryos after 75 passages, is designed as a commercial vaccine strain (tw2575/98vac) to control the disease in taiwan. the differences in viral infectivity, replication efficiency, and genome sequences between tw2575/98w and tw2575/98vac were determined and compared. tw2575/98vac caused earlier death of chicken embryos and had higher viral replication efficiency. thirty amino acid substitut ... | 2020 | 32232712 |
| n-glycosylation of infectious bronchitis virus m41 spike determines receptor specificity. | infection of chicken coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is initiated by binding of the viral heavily n-glycosylated attachment protein spike to the alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid receptor neu5ac. previously, we have shown that n-glycosylation of recombinantly expressed receptor binding domain (rbd) of the spike of ibv-m41 is of critical importance for binding to chicken trachea tissue. here we investigated the role of n-glycosylation of the rbd on receptor specificity and virus replicat ... | 2020 | 32213247 |
| pathogenicity and genome changes in qx-like infectious bronchitis virus during continuous passaging in embryonated chicken eggs. | infectious bronchitis (ib) remains a major problem in the global poultry industry despite the many available vaccines. live attenuated vaccines are the most effective means of preventing ib and are traditionally generated by serial passaging of a wild strain in embryonated chicken eggs. in this study, the sz isolate of the qx-like infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was continuously passaged in chicken embryos for 250 passages. we compared the pathogenicity of different passages (sz50, sz100, sz15 ... | 2020 | 32142742 |
| molecular survey and interaction of common respiratory pathogens in chicken flocks (field perspective). | the present study was designed for the detection of the most prevalent respiratory infections in chicken flocks and clarifying their interaction and impact on flock health. | 2019 | 32095050 |
| expression and immunoreactivity of a recombinant multi-epitope antigen designed based on four major structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the development of rapid, simple, and sensitive diagnostic methods for identification of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is crucial for the effective control of avian infectious bronchitis. in the present study, a tandemly arranged multiepitope peptide (named semn) was designed with four antigenic regions derived from four major structural proteins of ibv. then, we performed codon optimization of semn gene by changing the codon-adaptation index from 0.45 to 0.94 and expressed the optimiz ... | 2020 | 32089981 |
| pathological and virological analysis of concurrent disease of chicken anemia virus infection and infectious bronchitis in japanese native chicks. | a concurrent infection of chicken anemia virus (cav) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was detected in japanese native chicks in 2017, in which a high mortality rate (97.7%) was recorded in a small flock of 130 chicks exhibiting poor growth. histological examination revealed that the affected chicks exhibited two different pathological entities: one was severe hematopoietic and lymphocytic depletion with abnormally large cells containing intranuclear inclusion bodies of cav, whereas the othe ... | 2020 | 32074517 |
| effect of tlr agonist on infections bronchitis virus replication and cytokine expression in embryonated chicken eggs. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute, highly infectious and contagious viral disease of chickens caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) belonging to the genus coronavirus and family coronaviridae. it can affect all age groups of birds. the toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a major class of innate immune pattern recognition receptors that have a key role in immune response and defense against various infections.the tlrs are essential for initiation of innate immune responses and i ... | 2020 | 32065987 |
| a novel low virulent respiratory infectious bronchitis virus originating from the recombination of qx, tw and 4/91 genotype strains in china. | in china, variants of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) evolve continually and diverse recombinant strains have been reported. here, an ibv strain, designated as ck/ch/ljx/2017/07 (referred as jx17) was isolated from chicken vaccinated with h120 and 4/91 in jiangxi, china, in 2017. sequence analysis reveals of the s1 gene of jx17 the highest nucleotide identity of 98.15% with that of gi-7 genotype tw2575/98 strain. furthermore, whole genome analysis among jx17 and other 18 ibv strains demonstrat ... | 2020 | 32122588 |
| complete genome sequence of avian coronavirus strain ga08 (gi-27 lineage). | avian coronavirus, also known as infectious bronchitis virus, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen of chickens that is responsible for major economic losses to the poultry industry around the globe. here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ga08 of the gi-27 lineage, isolated from a fecal sample from a broiler chicken collected in georgia in 2015. | 2020 | 32107296 |
| 16s rrna gene sequencing reveals an altered composition of the gut microbiota in chickens infected with a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a member of the coronaviridae family, causes serious losses to the poultry industry. intestinal microbiota play an important role in chicken health and contribute to the defence against colonization by invading pathogens. the aim of this study was to investigate the link between the intestinal microbiome and nephropathogenic ibv (nibv) infection. initially, chickens were randomly distributed into 2 groups: the normal group (inc) and the infected group (iibv). t ... | 2020 | 32103130 |
| recombinant infectious bronchitis coronavirus h120 with the spike protein s1 gene of the nephropathogenic ibyz strain remains attenuated but induces protective immunity. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly infectious viral disease responsible for major economic losses in the poultry industry. a reverse genetic vaccine is a safe, rapid, and effective method of achieving ib prevention and control. in this study, we constructed the recombinant strain, rh120-s1/yz, using a reverse genetic system, based on the backbone of the h120 vaccine strain, with the s1 gene replaced with that of the qx-like nephropathogenic strain, ck/ch/ibyz/2011, isolated in china. the res ... | 2020 | 32057575 |
| change of pathotype and phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus detected in kagoshima prefecture, japan. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious disease in chickens, induced by ib virus (ibv) infection. the pathotype and s1 genotype of ibv field strain that was detected from 2008 to 2018 were investigated in kagoshima prefecture, japan. the frequency of cases that the renal lesion characteristic of ibv infection was histopathologically confirmed was significantly higher from 2014 to 2018 than from 2008 to 2009, suggesting the altered pathotype of ibv. of 7 genotypes (jp-i, jp-ii, jp-iii, ... | 2020 | 32037366 |
| mirna repertoire and host immune factor regulation upon avian coronavirus infection in eggs. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus with great economic impact on the poultry industry, causing an acute and highly contagious disease in chickens that primarily affects the respiratory and reproductive systems. the cellular regulation of ibv pathogenesis and the host immune responses involved remain to be fully elucidated. micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as a class of crucial regulators of numerous cellular processes, including responses to viral infections. here, we employ ... | 2020 | 32025807 |
| isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) from indonesia. | avian coronavirus has a wide range of hosts, from chickens and turkeys to wild birds. this virus causes an economically and, possibly, environmentally, important loss in the poultry industry. therefore, research into the avian coronavirus in various species of birds is required. the eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) is an endemic bird to indonesia and northern australia and often kept as pets. at present, there has been limited information about avian coronavirus infection among birds. this stu ... | 2019 | 32009759 |
| regulation of immunity-related genes by infectious bronchitis virus challenge in spleen of laying chickens. | understanding of host pathogen interactions is important in planning strategies for effective control of the pathogen. the present study investigated the regulation of genes involved in the activation of splenic immune system in mature laying chickens challenged with t strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). among all the genes studied, the relative expression levels of fas cell surface death receptor (fas), interleukin 7 (il7), il18, proteasome subunit alpha 3 (psma3), major histocompatibi ... | 2020 | 31985363 |
| a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus from a chicken with a spike gene closely related to that of a turkey coronavirus. | using viral metagenomics, the complete genome sequence of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain (named ahysx-1) from a fecal sample from a healthy chicken in anhui province, china, was determined. the genome sequence of ahysx-1 was found to be very similar to that of ibv strain ck/ch/lln/131040 (kx252787), except for the spike gene region, which is similar to that of a turkey coronavirus strain (eu022526), suggesting that ahysx-1 is a recombinant. recombination analysis and phylogenetic an ... | 2020 | 31982944 |
| gga-mir-30d regulates infectious bronchitis virus infection by targeting usp47 in hd11 cells. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus which infects chickens and causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. micrornas (mirnas) are important intracellular regulators and play a pivotal role in viral infections. in previous studies, we have revealed that ibv infection caused a significant down-regulation of gga-mir-30d expression in chicken kidneys. in present study, we investigated the role of gga-mir-30d in the process of ibv infection of hd11 cell line ... | 2020 | 31982568 |
| characterization of an outbreak of infectious coryza (avibacterium paragallinarum) in commercial chickens in central california. | in 2017, the turlock branch of the california animal health & food safety laboratory system received a significant increase in infectious coryza (ic) necropsy cases, with a total of 54 submissions originating from commercial broilers (n = 40), commercial layers (n = 11), and backyard chickens (n = 3). layer flocks positive for ic were distributed within the adjacent counties of merced and stanislaus, while broiler flocks were concentrated within merced county. the backyard flocks were located in ... | 2019 | 31967433 |
| author correction: a recombinant newcastle disease virus (ndv) expressing s protein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) protects chickens against ibv and ndv. | an amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. | 2020 | 31937880 |
| genetic, antigenic and pathogenic characterization of avian coronaviruses isolated from pheasants (phasianus colchicus) in china. | two viruses were isolated in 2017 from commercial pheasants with severe clinical signs and mortality in shandong and anhui provinces, china, respectively. we examined the pathogenic effects of the viruses in chicken embryos and the size and morphology of the virus particles, performed phylogenetic analysis based on the s1 gene and complete genomic sequences, and examined the antibody responses against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the results suggested that the viruses i0623/17 and i0710/17 ... | 2020 | 31902509 |
| antiviral responses against chicken respiratory infections: focus on avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. | some of the respiratory viral infections in chickens pose a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. in response to viral infections, host innate responses provide the first line of defense against viruses, which often act even before the establishment of the infection. host cells sense the presence of viral components through germinal encoded pattern recognition receptors (prrs). the engagement of prrs with pathogen-associated molecular patterns leads to the induction of pr ... | 2020 | 31901597 |
| effect of ibv d1466 on egg production and egg quality and the effect of heterologous priming to increase the efficacy of an inactivated ibv vaccine. | to protect layers, breeders and grandparents against damage by infectious bronchitis virus infections during the laying period, vaccination using live priming followed by a boost with inactivated ib vaccine is commonly used. for many ib variants, homologous live vaccines are not available for priming. very little is known about the efficacy of priming with heterologous live ib vaccines (or combination of live ib vaccines) to induce broad ib protection in long-living chickens. in this study, the ... | 2020 | 31899942 |
| evaluation of bacteriophage efficacy in reducing the impact of single and mixed infections with escherichia coli and infectious bronchitis in chickens. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) represents a major threat to poultry production worldwide particularly when complicated with bacterial infection. in the present study samples were collected from forty broiler farms with respiratory manifestations to characterize ibv and e. coli. bacteriophages were isolated and enriched from sampled farms to study its efficacy to control single and mixed infections with e. coli and ibv in vivo. twelve out of forty farms were positive for ibv. phylogenetic anal ... | 2019 | 31839902 |
| attenuated live infectious bronchitis virus qx vaccine disseminates slowly to target organs distant from the site of inoculation. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry, caused by the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). currently, one of the most relevant genotypes circulating worldwide is ibv-qx (gi-19), for which vaccines have been developed by passaging virulent qx strains in embryonated chicken eggs. here we explored the attenuated phenotype of a commercially available qx live vaccine, ib primo qx, in specific pathogens free broilers. at hatch, birds were inocu ... | 2020 | 31822427 |
| attenuation and amino acid changes in infectious bronchitis virus iranian 793/b serotype during serial passaging in embryonated chicken eggs. | the use of live attenuated vaccine (lav) is the main method for controlling infectious bronchitis (ib). it is advisable to develop a lav using a dominant serotype in the region in the case of vaccine failure. since 793/b serotype is one of the most predominant circulating ib viruses in iran, attenuation of three iranian 793/b isolates (ir/773/2001, ir/794/2002 and ir/520/2002) was done by serial passaging in specific pathogen free (spf) embryonated chicken eggs up to 90 passages to assess the de ... | 2019 | 31802683 |
| pathogenicity of a qx-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus and effects of accessory proteins 3a and 3b in chickens. | qx-like genotype infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has become prevalent in recent years. few studies have reported the effects of accessory proteins 3a and 3b on pathogenicity in vivo. we developed a reverse genetics system to manipulate the genome of a qx-like ibv strain ibyz. recombinant viruses ribyz-scaug3a, ribyz-scaug3b and ribyz-scaug3ab were generated. these viruses do not express the accessory proteins 3a, 3b, or 3ab due to a mutation in the aug start codons. in spf embryonated eggs, th ... | 2019 | 31767070 |
| delmarva (dmv/1639) infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants isolated in eastern canada show evidence of recombination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection in chickens can lead to an economically important disease, namely, infectious bronchitis (ib). new ibv variants are continuously emerging, which complicates vaccination-based ib control. in this study, five ibvs were isolated from clinical samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in ontario, canada, and subjected to detailed molecular characterization. analysis of the spike (s)1 gene showed that these five ibvs were highly related to the delmarva ( ... | 2019 | 31766215 |
| a multi-omics study of chicken infected by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. | chicken gout resulting from nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (nibv) has become a serious kidney disease problem in chicken worldwide with alterations of the metabolic phenotypes in multiple metabolic pathways. to investigate the mechanisms in chicken responding to nibv infection, we examined the global transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the chicken's kidney using rna-seq and gc-tof/ms, respectively. furthermore, we analyzed the alterations in cecal microorganism composition i ... | 2019 | 31744152 |
| antiviral activity against infectious bronchitis virus and bioactive components of hypericum perforatum l. | hypericum perforatum l., also known as saint john's wort, has been well studied for its chemical composition and pharmacological activity. in this study, the antiviral activities of h. perforatum on infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the first time. the results of in vitro experiments confirmed that the antiviral component of h. perforatum was ethyl acetate extraction section (hpe), and results showed that treatment with hpe significantly reduced the relati ... | 2019 | 31736754 |
| a recombinant la sota vaccine strain expressing multiple epitopes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) protects specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens against ibv and ndv challenges. | infectious bronchitis (ib) and newcastle disease (nd) are two major infectious diseases that are a threat to the domestic poultry industry. in this study, we successfully generated a recombinant lasota candidate vaccine strain, rndv-ibv-t/b, which expresses a short, synthetic, previously identified ibv s1 multi-epitope cassette using the reverse genetic system. the recombinant virus was propagated in nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs for 20 passages and genetic stability was confirmed by who ... | 2019 | 31683905 |
| emerging lethal infectious bronchitis coronavirus variants with multiorgan tropism. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes respiratory diseases in chickens and poses an economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. despite vaccine use, there have been field outbreaks of ibv in taiwan. this study aimed to characterize the emerging ibv variants circulating in taiwan. the analysis of the structural protein genes showed that these variants emerged through frequent recombination events among taiwan strains, china strains, japan strains and vaccine strains. cross-neutralizatio ... | 2020 | 31682070 |
| infectious bronchitis virus mass-type (gi-1) and qx-like (gi-19) genotyping and vaccine differentiation using sybr green rt-qpcr paired with melting curve analysis. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious virus of chicken, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry. many genotypes circulate in a given area, and optimal protection relies on vaccination with live attenuated vaccines of the same genotype. as these live vaccines are derived from field viruses and circulate, understanding the prevalence of different ibv genotypes in any area is complex. in a recent study, the genome comparison of an ibv qx vaccine and its progenitor fi ... | 2020 | 31712091 |
| three amino acid changes in avian coronavirus spike protein allow binding to kidney tissue. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infects ciliated epithelial cells in the chicken respiratory tract. while some ibv strains replicate locally, others can disseminate to various organs, including the kidney. here, we elucidate the determinants for kidney tropism by studying interactions between the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the viral attachment protein spike from two ibv strains with different tropisms. recombinantly produced rbds from the nephropathogenic ibv strain qx and from the nonne ... | 2020 | 31694947 |
| validation of specific quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay panel for infectious bronchitis using synthetic dna standards and clinical specimens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease of chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), which has various serotypes that do not cross-protect. vaccine control strategies for this virus are only effective when designed around the currently circulating serotypes. it is essential to not only rapidly detect ibv but also to identify the type of virus causing disease. six taqman™-based quantitative real-time rt-pcr assays (universal, ark, mass, de/ga9 ... | 2020 | 31712094 |