| marek's disease virus-induced expression of cytokine genes in feathers of genetically defined chickens. | marek's disease (md) vaccines, although effective in reducing lymphoproliferation, cannot control infectious virus production in the feather follicle epithelium (ffe) which is the site of virus shedding. therefore, we investigated marek's disease virus (mdv) replication as well as the expression of cytokine genes in feathers of mdv-infected chickens belonging to genetically defined lines (n2a or b(21)/b(21) haplotype-resistant and p2a or b(19)/b(19) haplotype-susceptible). though there was not a ... | 2009 | 19041890 |
| revaccination with marek's disease vaccines induces productive infection and superior immunity. | the most common lymphoproliferative disease in chickens is marek's disease (md), which is caused by the oncogenic herpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv). the emergence of hypervirulent pathotypes of mdv has led to vaccine failures, which have become common and which have resulted in serious economic losses in some countries, and a revaccination strategy has been introduced in practice. the mechanism by which revaccination invokes superior immunity against md is unknown. after field trials which ... | 2009 | 19052160 |
| effects of transferrins and cytokines on nitric oxide production by an avian lymphoblastoid cell line infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv), the causative agent of marek's disease (md), is a herpesvirus that infects poultry causing t lymphomas. although vaccination may prevent lymphomas formation, it is not known whether it controls viral replication and spreading in the environment. ovotransferrin (otrf), a member of the transferrin family, is known to exert in vitro antiviral activity in primary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef). in addition otrf is produced by cef and by an avian lymphoblast ... | 2009 | 19133294 |
| mapping qtl affecting resistance to marek's disease in an f6 advanced intercross population of commercial layer chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a t-cell lymphoma of chickens caused by the marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic avian herpesvirus. md is a major cause of economic loss to the poultry industry and the most serious and persistent infectious disease concern. a full-sib intercross population, consisting of five independent families was generated by crossing and repeated intercrossing of two partially inbred commercial white leghorn layer lines known to differ in genetic resistance to md. at the f6 gen ... | 2009 | 19144166 |
| marek's disease virus infection in the eye: chronological study of the lesions, virus replication, and vaccine-induced protection. | marek's disease virus (mdv) infection in the eye was studied chronologically after inoculating 1-day-old chickens with a very virulent mdv strain, md5. the ocular lesions could be classified as early lesions (6-11 days postinoculation [dpi]) and late lesions (26 and 56 dpi), based upon the location and severity of the lesions. the early lesions involved iris, ciliary body, and choroid layer, and were characterized by endothelial cell hypertrophy, vasculitis, and infiltration of lymphocytes (main ... | 2008 | 19166047 |
| effect of cryptosporidium baileyi in specific pathogen free chickens vaccinated (cvi988/rispens) and challenged with hprs-16 strain of marek's. | this study was performed to examine the effect of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 1 vaccine (cvi988/rispens) on the pathogenicity of cryptosporidium baileyi , and to determine whether c. baileyi infection could prevent the development of vaccinal marek's disease (md) immunity in specific pathogen free (spf) chickens. sixty-eight spf homozygous b13 white leghorn chickens were divided into seven groups. c. baileyi was orally administered at 5 days of age (day 4) in chickens infected with risp ... | 2000 | 19184860 |
| the use of serotype 1- and serotype 3-specific polymerase chain reaction for the detection of marek's disease virus in chickens. | a serotype 1- and serotype 3-specific detection of marek's disease virus (mdv) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed. the sensitivity of the method when applied to cell culture grown virus was comparable with that of cultivation. the method was applied to various tissue samples from chickens experimentally inoculated with serotype 1 or serotype 3 mdv.the serotype 1 strains cvi988 and rb-1b could be detected in feather follicle epithelium up to 56 and 84 days post-inoculation (p.i.), r ... | 2001 | 19184906 |
| differential attenuation of the induction by marek's disease virus of transient paralysis and persistent neurological disease: a model for pathogenesis studies. | since different biological characteristics of marek's disease virus (mdv) are attenuated at different passage levels in cell culture, an analysis of attenuation times provides, in theory, a model for establishing the presence or absence of relationships between characteristics, thus providing a basis to link them to genetic changes in the causative virus. we have used this model to better understand the pathogenesis of the central nervous system infection as well as to evaluate the relationship ... | 2001 | 19184925 |
| influence of vaccine deposition site on post-vaccinal viraemia and vaccine efficacy in broiler chickens following in ovo vaccination against marek's disease. | in ovo vaccination against marek's disease is a widely used technology in the broiler industry.a series of experiments was carried out to determine the site of vaccine deposition in the egg during automated in ovo vaccination, and the effect of vaccine deposition site and dose on vaccine responses following vaccination with cell-associated herpesvirus of turkeys in commercial broiler chickens. vaccine deposition site following automated in ovo vaccination was principally influenced by the age of ... | 2001 | 19184942 |
| marek's disease in broiler chickens: effect of route of infection and herpesvirus of turkey-vaccination status on detection of virus from blood or spleen by polymerase chain reaction, and on weights of birds, bursa and spleen. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has recently emerged as an additional tool for the monitoring and diagnosis of marek's disease. we investigated a number of factors that may influence the interpretation of pcr results in commercial broiler chickens including the effects of route of infection and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)-vaccination status. we also investigated the suitability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and spleen as tissues for marek's disease virus (mdv) detection. hvt-vaccina ... | 2001 | 19184956 |
| in vitro characterization of the meq proteins of marek's disease virus vaccine strain cvi988. | gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), commonly known as marek's disease virus serotype-1 (mdv-1), causes t cell lymphomas in chickens. vaccines prepared from the attenuated cvi988/rispens mdv-1 strain currently offer the best protection. although attenuated cvi988/rispens is non-oncogenic, it codes for at least two forms of the mdv oncoprotein meq, and these proteins (cvi-meq and cvi-lmeq) have not been fully characterized. here, we report that both cvi-meq proteins, like the meq protein of md5 (a very ... | 2009 | 19189855 |
| cytokine gene expression in splenic cd4(+) and cd8(+) t-cell subsets of chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | specific-pathogen free chickens were infected with the rb1b strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) and t cells from the spleens of infected as well as age-matched controls were fractionated by flow cytometry at 4, 10, and 21 days post-infection (d.p.i.). real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr was used to assess the amount of cytokine transcripts as well as viral genes meq and glycoprotein b (gb). there was an increase in the number of cd4(+) t cells, as well as a significant increase in ... | 2009 | 19210226 |
| micrornas 221 and 222 target p27kip1 in marek's disease virus-transformed tumour cell line msb-1. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of short rnas that function as post-transcriptional suppressors of protein expression and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including oncogenesis. several recent studies have implicated the involvement of mir-221 and mir-222 in tumorigenesis as these mirnas are upregulated in a number of cancers and affect the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27(kip1). marek's disease virus (mdv) is a ... | 2009 | 19264608 |
| factors influencing the attenuation of serotype 1 marek's disease virus by serial cell culture passage and evaluation of attenuated strains for protection and replication. | this study was carried out to better understand factors that influenced the process of attenuation of marek's disease (md) virus by serial passage in cell cultures. three virulent (v) pathotype and three very virulent plus (vv+) pathotype strains were passed by three techniques up to 131 times, and the passage level at attenuation was determined. the 18 attenuated or partially attenuated viruses were evaluated for protection against challenge with virulent md virus, and the virus load (latent in ... | 2009 | 19432005 |
| detection and quantitation of fowl adenovirus genome by a real-time pcr assay. | the purpose of the study was to develop a highly sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect and quantitate fowl adenovirus (fadv) dna in chicken tissues, using fadv-9 as a model. the assay had a dynamic range of 7 logs and minimum detection limit of 9.4 viral genome copies. it was shown to be highly specific, as tissues from uninfected chickens and other viral genomes, such as those of marek's disease virus, fowlpox virus and infectious laryngotracheitis virus did not pr ... | 2009 | 19442846 |
| microarray analysis of host immune responses to marek's disease virus infection in vaccinated chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a commercially important disease of chickens caused by md virus (mdv). although avirulent mdv strains have been used for vaccination to prevent md outbreaks, the protective mechanism of the vaccine has not been elucidated. in this study, a comprehensive transcriptional analysis using microarray was conducted in mdv-infected chickens with and without vaccination at 7 and 21 days post-infection (dpi). the data suggested that the expression of t cell receptor (tcr) 1-related ... | 2009 | 19498286 |
| retroviral delivery of rna interference against marek's disease virus in vivo. | the process of rna interference (rnai) has been exploited in cultured chicken cells and in chick embryos to assess the effect of specific gene inhibition on phenotypes related to development and disease. we previously demonstrated that avian leukosis virus-based retroviral vectors are capable of delivering effective rnai against marek's disease virus (mdv) in cell culture. in this study, similar rnai vectors are shown to reduce the replication of mdv in live chickens. retroviral vectors were int ... | 2009 | 19531706 |
| analyses of the spleen proteome of chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv), which causes a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, is known to induce host responses leading to protection against disease in a manner dependent on genetic background of chickens and virulence of the virus. in the present study, changes in the spleen proteome at 7, 14 and 21 days post-infection in response to mdv infection were studied using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. differentially expressed proteins were identified using one-dimensiona ... | 2009 | 19540544 |
| cytokine gene expression in splenic cd4+ and cd8+ t cell subsets of genetically resistant and susceptible chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | t cells from the spleens of b(19)/b(19) and b(21)/b(21) chickens infected with mdv jm-16 strain were fractionated by flow cytometry at 4, 10, 21 days post infection (d.p.i.). the expression of cytokine and viral genes (meq and glycoprotein b (gb)) was measured by real-time rt-pcr. it was determined that cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells had both become infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) in both chicken lines. there was significantly higher expression of meq in cd4(+) t cells compared to cd8(+) t ... | 2009 | 19615758 |
| [comparision of pathogenicity and horizontal transmission ability between recombinant marek's disease virus field strain with rev-ltr and a very virulent reference strain]. | gx0101 is a recombinant field strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) with a long terminal repeat (ltr) insert from reticuloendotheliosis virus, a chicken retrovirus. in this study, gx0101 strain was compared to a very virulent reference strain md5 for their pathogenicity and transmission ability. | 2009 | 19621645 |
| latency of marek's disease virus (mdv) in a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed t-cell line. i: uptake and structure of the latent mdv genome. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus of chickens that causes marek's disease. during the infection of chickens, mdv establishes latency in cd4+ (t-helper) cells, which are also the target of transformation. the study of mdv latency has been limited to the use of mdv tumor-derived cell lines or blood cells isolated from chickens during presumed periods of latent infection. in 1992 pratt et al. described the uptake of the mdv genome by a reticuloendotheliosis-trans ... | 2009 | 19630217 |
| latency of marek's disease virus (mdv) in a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed t-cell line. ii: expression of the latent mdv genome. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus of chickens that causes the paralysis and rapid lymphoma formation known as marek's disease. mdv establishes latent infection in activated cd4+ t-cells, and these cells are also the target for transformation. mdv latency has been studied using mdv lymphoma-derived cell lines and t-cells isolated from infected chickens. each of these models has limitations because mdv-transformed cell lines require the use of oncogenic viruses; conversely, pools ... | 2009 | 19630218 |
| a deletion within glycoprotein l of marek's disease virus (mdv) field isolates correlates with a decrease in bivalent mdv vaccine efficacy in contact-exposed chickens. | we examined the functional role of a naturally occurring deletion within the glycoprotein l (gl) gene of marek's disease virus (mdv) field isolates. we previously showed that this mutation incrementally increased the virulence of an mdv in contact-exposed spf leghorn chickens, when chickens shedding this virus were co-infected with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). in our present study, we examined this mutation using two stocks of the very virulent plus (vv+)mdv strain tk, one of which harbored thi ... | 2009 | 19630238 |
| increased dna damage and oxidative stress in chickens with natural marek's disease. | oxidative stress contributes to the accumulation of genomic abnormalities, prevents cellular apoptosis, and also mediates immunosuppression resulting in tumor formation. marek's disease provides excellent opportunities for the study of herpesvirus-induced tumors both in experimental- and natural conditions. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of marek's disease (md) on basal levels of dna strand breaks and on the oxidative-antioxidative status of chickens with md. white-lohmann hens ... | 2010 | 19647879 |
| homodimerization of the meq viral oncoprotein is necessary for induction of t-cell lymphoma by marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a lymphotropic alphaherpesvirus that induces fatal rapid-onset t-cell lymphomas in chickens, its natural host. the mdv-encoded nuclear oncoprotein meq is essential for lymphomagenesis and acts as a regulator of transcription. meq has structural features, including a basic domain adjacent to a leucine zipper motif (b-zip), that suggest it is related to the jun/fos family of transcription factors. via the leucine zipper, meq can form homodimers or heterodimerize with ... | 2009 | 19692466 |
| induction of innate host responses in the lungs of chickens following infection with a very virulent strain of marek's disease virus. | the natural route of entry of marek's disease virus (mdv) is via the respiratory system. however, little is known about host-virus interactions in the lungs. the objective of the present study was to examine mdv replication and induction of innate host responses in the lungs of chickens infected through inhalation. replication of mdv in lungs was detectable as early as 12 hours post-infection (hpi). the expression of toll-like receptor (tlr)3 and tlr7 genes was enhanced in response to mdv infect ... | 2009 | 19733379 |
| bg1 has a major role in mhc-linked resistance to malignant lymphoma in the chicken. | pathogen selection is postulated to drive mhc allelic diversity at loci for antigen presentation. however, readily apparent mhc infectious disease associations are rare in most species. the strong link between mhc-b haplotype and the occurrence of virally induced tumors in the chicken provides a means for defining the relationship between pathogen selection and mhc polymorphism. here, we verified a significant difference in resistance to gallid herpesvirus-2 (gahv-2)-induced lymphomas (marek's d ... | 2009 | 19805366 |
| mhc expression on spleen lymphocyte subsets in genetically resistant and susceptible chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | resistance and susceptibility to marek's disease (md) are strongly influenced by the chicken major histocompatibility complex (mhc). in this study, splenic lymphocytes from md-resistant and md-susceptible chickens of three mhc genotypes (b21/b21, b19/b21, and b19/b19) were analyzed by flow cytometry for mhc surface expression. in the spleen, constitutive mhc class i surface expression was found to be highest in homozygous b19, lowest in homozygous b21, and intermediate in heterozygous b19/b21 an ... | 2009 | 19811089 |
| full genome sequences of two reticuloendotheliosis viruses contaminating commercial vaccines. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) fragments are a common contaminant in some commercial vaccines such as fowl poxvirus (fpv) and marek's disease virus. however, only those strains integrating or containing a near-intact rev provirus are more likely to cause problems in the field. we confirm here, by pcr assays and animal experiments, that vaccines against fpv and herpes virus of turkeys were contaminated with full genome sequences of rev. further, we determined the complete proviral sequence of ... | 2009 | 19848070 |
| establishment of an aerosol-based marek's disease virus infection model. | marek's disease virus (mdv), which is the causative agent of marek's disease (md), is shed by infected chickens and transmitted to other chickens through the respiratory route. experimental reproduction of md has been commonly done either by intra-abdominal inoculation of cell-associated mdv or by exposure to mdv-infected 'seeder' chickens. the former method does not mimic the natural route of mdv infection, whereas the latter method suffers from lack of uniformity in the timing and amount of vi ... | 2009 | 19848077 |
| pathological and immunohistochemical study of chickens with co-infection of marek's disease virus and chicken anaemia virus. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is the most important confounding pathogen in marek's disease virus (mdv) infection. the effect of cav co-infection at 4 weeks of age after inoculation of virulent mdv (vmdv, ks strain) or very virulent mdv (vvmdv, md/5 strain) in 1-day-old chicks was investigated by pathological and immunohistochemical studies. cav increased the mortality rates induced by vmdv or vvmdv. the packed cell volume was reduced significantly in vmdv-cav infection; however, no reduction or n ... | 2009 | 19937536 |
| detection of virulent marek's disease virus in poultry in india. | marek's disease virus (mdv) isolated from poultry flocks in three states of india was monitored for the virus occurrence in the field. the mdv genome was isolated from feather follicles, spleen, and liver of the chicken (173 samples). twenty two samples were positive for mdv genome in pcr and belonged to the serotype 1. the sequencing of meq gene of 11 samples revealed that nucleotide sequences of the isolate ind-ka-01-06 was similar to the very virulent mdv, strain rb-1b. in situ hybridization ... | 2009 | 19941389 |
| comparative evaluation of vaccine efficacy of recombinant marek's disease virus vaccine lacking meq oncogene in commercial chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) oncogene meq has been identified as the gene involved in tumorigenesis in chickens. we have recently developed a meq-null virus, rmd5 delta meq, in which the oncogene meq was deleted. vaccine efficacy experiments conducted in avian disease and oncology laboratory (adol) 15i(5) x 7(1) chickens vaccinated with rmd5 delta meq virus or an adol preparation of cvi988/rispens indicated that rmd5 delta meq provided superior protection than cvi988/rispens when challenged with ... | 2010 | 19941987 |
| the construction and characterization of the bi-directional promoter between pp38 gene and 1.8-kb mrna transcripts of marek's disease viruses. | marek's disease virus (mdv) has a bi-directional promoter between pp38 gene and 1.8-kb mrna transcripts. by sequencing for the promoters from 8 different strains (cvi988, 814, ga, jm, md5, g2, rb1b and 648a), it is found, comparing with the other 7 mdv strains, cvi988 has a 5-bp (from -628 to -632) deletion in this region, which caused a sp1 site destroyed. in order to analysis the activity of the promoter, the complete bi-directional promoters from ga and cvi988 were, respectively, cloned into ... | 2009 | 19948021 |
| early replication in pulmonary b cells after infection with marek's disease herpesvirus by the respiratory route. | abstract natural infection with marek's disease virus occurs through the respiratory mucosa after chickens inhale dander shed from infected chickens. the early events in the lung following exposure to the feather and squamous epithelial cell debris containing the viral particles remain unclear. in order to elucidate the virological and immunological consequences of mdv infection for the respiratory tract, chickens were infected by intratracheal administration of infective dander. differences bet ... | 2009 | 19951180 |
| [mutational analysis of meq, rlorf4, rlorf12 and 132bpr genes of epidemic marek's disease virus strains highly passaged on chicken embryo fibroblast]. | recently, much work has been devoted to study md-induced oncogenesis and the genes involved in this process. among many genes in the mdv genome, several genes such as meq, rlorf4, rlorf12, and 132bpr have been considered recently associated with virulence of mdv. in this paper, primers of meq, rlorf4, rlorf12 and 132bpr genes were designed and synthesized, based on the published whole genome sequence of mdv strain ga. the genes of meq, rlorf4 and rlorf12 from four chinese epidemic mdv strains hi ... | 2009 | 19954114 |
| [evaluation of the pathogenicity of a field isolate of marek's disease virus integrated with retroviral long terminal repeat sequence]. | the pathogenicity of a field isolate of marek's disease virus (mdv) named gxy2 integrated with retroviral long terminal repeat (ltr) sequence from a chicken with md tumors was evaluated. experimental chickens were divided into group a, b, c, d and e. the later four groups were vaccinated on one-day-old with cvi988/rispens for group b and d, with hvt for group c and e, while group a was taken as no-vaccinated control. on 8-day-old, group a, b and c were challenged with gxy2 by intra-abdominal inj ... | 2009 | 19954115 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a marek's disease virus field strain with reticuloendotheliosis virus ltr insert. | a marek's disease virus (mdv) field strain designated gx0101 was isolated from a layer flock and confirmed to be a recombinant virus with an insert of a long terminal repeat (ltr) from the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). a chimeric molecule containing an rev-ltr insert of 539 bp and its flanking sequences from mdv was amplified and sequenced. an rev-ltr downstream from the internal repeat short (irs) region has 77.4-98.6% homology to seven rev field strains isolated from different avian speci ... | 2010 | 20043197 |
| acute paretic syndrome in juvenile white leghorn chickens resembles late stages of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies in humans. | sudden limb paresis is a common problem in white leghorn flocks, affecting about 1% of the chicken population before achievement of sexual maturity. previously, a similar clinical syndrome has been reported as being caused by inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerve fibres. here, we investigated in detail the immunopathology of this paretic syndrome and its possible resemblance to human neuropathies. | 2010 | 20109187 |
| both homo and heterodimers of marek's disease virus encoded meq protein contribute to transformation of lymphocytes in chickens. | marek' disease virus serotype-1, also know as gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), elicits t-cell lymphomas in chickens. the gahv-2 genome encodes an oncoprotein, meq, with similarity to the jun/fos family of proteins. we have previously shown that meq homodimers are not sufficient to induce lymphomas in chickens. in this study, we investigated the role of meq heterodimers in the pathogenicity of gahv-2 by generating a chimeric meq gene, which contains the leucine zipper region of fos (meqfos). a reco ... | 2010 | 20137800 |
| proteomic analysis of host responses to marek's disease virus infection in spleens of genetically resistant and susceptible chickens. | resistance to marek's disease (md) in chickens is genetically regulated and there are lines of chickens with differential susceptibility or resistance to this disease. the present study was designed to study comparative changes in the spleen proteomes of md-susceptible b19 and md-resistant b21 chickens in response to mdv infection. spleen proteomes were examined at 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-infection (d.p.i.) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequently the protein spots were ident ... | 2010 | 20138080 |
| comparative efficacy of bac-derived recombinant sb-1 vaccine and the parent wild type strain in preventing replication, shedding and disease induced by virulent marek's disease virus. | a widely used vaccine against marek's disease (md) in poultry is the virus sb-1, which is antigenically-related to the causative agent, marek's disease herpesvirus. we recently cloned the sb-1 genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome, bac, (psb-1). the protective efficacies and replication kinetics of psb-1 and the parent strain (sb-1) were compared in an experimental model of md induced by a virulent strain, rb-1b. although vaccine virus replication and shedding was lower for psb ... | 2010 | 20144837 |
| marek's disease viruses lacking either r-lorf10 or lorf4 have altered virulence in chickens. | the marek's disease virus (mdv, gallid herpesvirus 2) genome encodes approximately 110 open reading frames (orfs). many of these orfs are annotated based purely on homology to other herpesvirus genes, thus, direct experiments are needed to verify the gene products, especially the hypothetical or mdv-specific orfs, and characterize their biological function, particularly with respect to pathogenicity in chickens. previously, a comprehensive two-hybrid assay screen revealed nine specific chicken-m ... | 2010 | 20229182 |
| protection of chickens, with or without maternal antibodies, against ibdv infection by a recombinant ibdv-vp2 protein. | the use of avian herpesviruses (marek's disease virus, mdv) as vectors to express the capsid protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was well established, and its protection against ibdv challenge has been evaluated previously. however, there is little data about rmdv1 expressing the vp2 protein of ibdv protecting spf and commercial chickens against virulent ibdv (vibdv) challenge. in this study, we constructed a stable rmdv1 expressing the vp2 protein of ibdv by inserting the coding s ... | 2010 | 20338216 |
| development, standardization and assessment of pcr systems for purity testing of avian viral vaccines. | the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) requires avian viral vaccines to be free of adventitious agents. purity testing is an essential quality requirement of immunological veterinary medicinal products (ivmps) and testing for extraneous agents includes monitoring for many different viruses. conventional virus detection methods include serology or virus culture, however, molecular tests have become a valid alternative testing method. nucleic acid testing (nat) is fast, highly sensitive and has a h ... | 2010 | 20338785 |
| marek's disease virus influences the expression of genes associated with ifn-gamma-inducible mhc class ii expression. | chickens infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) become lifelong carriers regardless of their susceptibility to clinical disease. therefore various viral immune-evasive mechanisms must play a role in mdv-host interactions. mdv has previously been shown to influence the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules. however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. in the present study, we studied the effect of mdv infection on the expression ... | 2010 | 20374003 |
| pathogenicity of a quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)-derived marek's disease virus rescued from the qt35 cell line. | the qt35 cell line was established in 1977 from methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in japanese quail. it was later shown that at least some of the qt35 cell lines were latently infected with marek's disease (md) virus (mdv). an mdv-like herpesvirus, named quail mdv (qmdv), was isolated from qt35 cells in 2000 by yamaguchi et al. to determine the pathogenicity of qmdv, we inoculated 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens with qmdv jm (virulent), rb-1b (very virulent), or 584a (very virulent pl ... | 2010 | 20408411 |
| viral control of vtr expression is critical for efficient formation and dissemination of lymphoma induced by marek's disease virus (mdv). | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes lethal t-cell lymphomas in chickens. mdv is unique in that it harbors two copies of a viral telomerase rna subunit (vtr) in its genome exhibiting 88% sequence identity to the chicken orthologue, chtr. the minimal telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex consists of a protein subunit with reverse transcriptase activity (tert) and tr. physiologically, the complex compensates for the progressive telomere shortening that occurs during mitosi ... | 2010 | 20423696 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for rapid detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was developed. the method used a set of two pairs of primers to amplify the pol gene for detecting rev, showing high specificity and sensitivity. the rev lamp method did not cross-react with common avian dna viruses (marek's disease virus, chicken anaemia virus, avian leucosis virus of subgroup j). additionally, the assay could detect different rev strains and had a detection limit of ... | 2010 | 20435068 |
| microrna-26a-mediated regulation of interleukin-2 expression in transformed avian lymphocyte lines. | abstract: | 2010 | 20441582 |
| further analysis of marek's disease virus horizontal transmission confirms that u(l)44 (gc) and u(l)13 protein kinase activity are essential, while u(s)2 is nonessential. | marek's disease virus (mdv) causes a devastating disease in chickens characterized by the development of lymphoblastoid tumors in multiple organs and is transmitted from the skin of infected chickens. we have previously reported that the u(s)2, u(l)44 (glycoprotein c [gc]), and u(l)13 genes are essential for horizontal transmission of mdv in gain-of-function studies using an a priori spread-deficient virus that was based on an infectious clone from the highly virulent rb-1b virus (prb-1b). to pr ... | 2010 | 20484497 |
| [protective immunity of a meq-deleted marek's disease virus against very virulent virus challenge in chickens]. | to evaluate the pathogenicity and immunoprotective effect of a wild strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) after deleting of its meq oncogene. | 2010 | 20499644 |
| marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression: array analysis of chicken immune response gene expression profiling. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens induced by a highly cell-associated oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). mdv replicates in chicken lymphocytes and establishes a latency infection within cd4(+) t cells. host-virus interaction, immune responses to infection, and transcriptional profiling of chicken gene expression in md are poorly understood. in this study we conducted a global host gene expression analysis in the splenocytes of mdv-infected c ... | 2010 | 20565294 |
| vaccine-induced host responses against very virulent marek's disease virus infection in the lungs of chickens. | the aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of virus replication and cellular responses in the lungs following infection with marek's disease virus (mdv) and/or vaccination with herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) via the respiratory route. chickens vaccinated with hvt and challenged with mdv had a higher accumulation of mdv and hvt genomes in the lungs compared to the chickens that received hvt or mdv alone. this increase in virus load was associated with augmented expression of interferon (i ... | 2010 | 20600510 |
| a meq-deleted marek's disease virus cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome is a highly efficacious vaccine. | the marek's disease virus (mdv) induces t-cell tumors in susceptible chickens. of the 80 to 100 known mdv genes, only the mdv meq gene was shown to have transforming properties. further evidence that meq is probably the principal oncogene in mdv came when researchers used overlapping cosmid clones of mdv and demonstrated that deleting meq resulted in a highly protective marek's disease (md) vaccine. we deleted both copies of meq from a bacterial artificial chromosome clone (bac) of mdv. the viru ... | 2010 | 20608531 |
| down-regulation of mhc class i by the marek's disease virus (mdv) ul49.5 gene product mildly affects virulence in a haplotype-specific fashion. | marek's disease is a devastating neoplastic disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus (mdv). mdv down-regulates surface expression of mhc class i molecules, although the mechanism has remained elusive. mdv harbors a ul49.5 homolog that has been shown to down-regulate mhc class i expression in other varicelloviruses. using in vitro assays, we showed that mdv pul49.5 down-regulates mhc class i directly and identified its cytoplasmic tail as essential for this function. in vivo, viruses l ... | 2010 | 20637486 |
| late marek's disease in adult chickens inoculated with virulent marek's disease virus. | recently, excessive losses from marek's disease (md) have been noted in adult laying flocks over the age of 40 weeks. we defined these late outbreaks in adult chickens as "late md", and experimentally reproduced the disease in adult spf p2 line (50-week-old) or commercial line (74-week-old) chickens inoculated with a virulent strain of marek's disease virus (mdv). commercial line chickens were given mdv vaccines (hvt and cvi 988) at hatch. the occurrence of md was evaluated periodically by the e ... | 2010 | 20651465 |
| marek's disease virus microrna designated mdv1-pre-mir-m4 targets both cellular and viral genes. | mdv1-mir-m4 is one of 25 micrornas (mirnas) expressed by marek's disease virus (mdv-1), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that induces fatal t-cell lymphoma in chickens. mdv1-mir-m4 was shown to be the second functional viral ortholog of mir-155, a cellular mirna that plays a crucial role in several physiological and pathological processes in lymphocyte biology. in this study, we investigated a panel of putative mdv1-mir-m4 targets involved in gene networks affecting both cellular and viral life cyc ... | 2010 | 20680360 |
| proteomic analysis of the host response in the bursa of fabricius of chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. in this paper, we identified differentially expressed proteins in the bursa of fabricius of chickens infected with the highly virulent mdv strain rb1b, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis on samples from time points coinciding with mdv life-cycle phases. by maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometer, 26 proteins were identified, including 8 persistently up- ... | 2010 | 20723570 |
| differential quantification of cloned cvi988 vaccine strain and virulent rb-1b strain of marek's disease viruses in chicken tissues, using real-time pcr. | the 'gold standard' vaccine against marek's disease in poultry is the cvi988/rispens virus, which is not easily distinguishable, antigenically or genetically, from virulent marek's disease herpesvirus. accurate differential measurement of the cvi988 vaccine and virulent viruses is important to investigate mechanisms of vaccinal protection. minimal sequence differences between cvi988 and virulent mdv strains restrict the application of molecular diagnostic methods such as real-time pcr to disting ... | 2010 | 20810138 |
| [evaluation the immuno-protective effect of an infectious clone of meq- deleted marek's disease virus]. | to evaluate the immuno-protective effect of gx0101 deltameq-bac containing an infectious meq-null marek's disease virus genome. | 2010 | 20815243 |
| expression profiles of genes within a subregion of chicken major histocompatibility complex b in spleen after marek's disease virus infection. | major histocompatibility complex has previously been shown to influence the resistance of chicken to marek's disease virus (mdv). however, little is known about expression of other genes in the mhc-i and ii pathway after mdv infection. this study aimed at investigating 8 immune-related genes in the mhc core region that affects host responses to mdv. spleens of infected and age-matched uninfected chickens were removed at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d postinfection for gene expression detection using rea ... | 2010 | 20852103 |
| herpesvirus telomerase rna(vtr)-dependent lymphoma formation does not require interaction of vtr with telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert). | telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the maintenance of telomeres, a protective structure at the distal ends of chromosomes. the enzyme complex contains two main components, telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert), the catalytic subunit, and telomerase rna (tr), which serves as a template for the addition of telomeric repeats (ttaggg)(n). marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic herpesvirus inducing fatal lymphoma in chickens, encodes a tr homologue, viral tr (vtr), which signi ... | 2010 | 20865127 |
| marek's disease resistant/susceptible mhc haplotypes in xiayan chickens identified on the basis of blb2 pcr-rflp and blb2/bf2 sequence analyses. | 1. the aim was to analyse the variability of the blb2/bf2 genes of xiayan chickens to identify homozygous birds with resistance or susceptibility to marek's disease (md). 2. the experiment used two lines: birds from a common line were divided into group a (unvaccinated) and group b (vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)); and birds from an md-resistant line were divided into group c (unvaccinated) and group d (vaccinated with hvt). they were challenged intra-abdominally with marek's disea ... | 2010 | 20924848 |
| the effect of the time interval between exposures on the susceptibility of chickens to superinfection with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is ubiquitous within commercial poultry flocks because current vaccines do not prevent mdv infection or transmission. in order for newly-evolved mdv strains to become established within a flock, it seems inevitable that any new strain would need to infect and replicate in chickens previously infected with resident mdv strains. this phenomenon is difficult to detect and there is no clear evidence that it is even possible. four experiments were performed to demonstrate ... | 2010 | 20945786 |
| expression profiling of genes associated with regulatory functions of t-cell subsets in marek's disease virus-infected chickens. | the environment of tumours caused by marek's disease virus (mdv) in chickens has been shown to have an immunoregulatory phenotype. the objective of the present study was to examine the expression of key t-regulatory markers during various stages of mdv pathogenesis. specific-pathogen free (spf) as well as major histocompatibility complex-defined chickens were infected with the rb1b and jm-16 strains of mdv, respectively. cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells from the spleens of infected as well as age-match ... | 2010 | 20954013 |
| marek's disease virus type 1 microrna mir-m3 suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting smad2 of the transforming growth factor beta signal pathway. | viruses cause about 15% of the cancers that are still the leading causes of human mortality. the discovery of viral oncogenes has enhanced our understanding of viral oncogenesis. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of virus-induced cancers are complex and require further investigation. the present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the micrornas (mirnas) encoded by marek's disease virus 1 (mdv1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute t-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumo ... | 2010 | 20962090 |
| alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay regulate telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) expression during virus-induced lymphomagenesis in vivo. | telomerase activation, a critical step in cell immortalization and oncogenesis, is partly regulated by alternative splicing. in this study, we aimed to use the marek's disease virus (mdv) t-cell lymphoma model to evaluate tert regulation by splicing during lymphomagenesis in vivo, from the start point to tumor establishment. | 2010 | 20964812 |
| molecular epidemiological investigation of marek's disease virus from guangxi, china. | the predominant field strains of marek's disease virus in guangxi were clearly different from the vaccine strain cvi988/rispens based on sequencing of the envelope glycoprotein i (gi), glycoprotein e (ge) and oncogenic meq genes. these differences may be partly responsible for the most recent outbreaks in guangxi. | 2010 | 21053030 |
| transcriptome and proteome profiling of host responses to marek's disease virus in chickens. | marek's disease (md) is an immunosuppressive and proliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly oncogenic cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus, named marek's disease virus (mdv). despite the availability of highly efficacious vaccines for control of md and existence of lines of chickens which display differential genetic susceptibility or resistance to this disease, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of mdv-host interactions. the recent advent of global or targeted gene ... | 2010 | 21067815 |
| immune responses against marek's disease virus. | it is more than a century since marek's disease (md) was first reported in chickens and since then there have been concerted efforts to better understand this disease, its causative agent and various approaches for control of this disease. recently, there have been several outbreaks of the disease in various regions, due to the evolving nature of md virus (mdv), which necessitates the implementation of improved prophylactic approaches. it is therefore essential to better understand the interacti ... | 2010 | 21087575 |
| the meq oncoprotein of marek's disease virus interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional and apoptotic activities. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus, which causes malignant lymphoma in chickens. the meq protein of mdv, which is expressed abundantly in mdv-infected cells and in marek's disease (md) tumor cells, functions as a transcriptional activator and has been proposed to play an important role in oncogenic transformation. preliminary studies demonstrated that meq is able to bind p53 in vitro, as demonstrated using a protein-binding assay. this observation prompted us to examine whet ... | 2010 | 21110861 |
| virulent marek's disease virus generated from infectious bacterial artificial chromosome clones with complete dna sequence and the implication of viral genetic homogeneity in pathogenesis. | genetic homogeneity of a test population is essential to precisely associate a viral genome sequence and its phenotype at the nucleotide level. however, homogeneity is not easy to achieve for marek's disease virus (mdv) due to its strictly cell-associated replication. to address this problem, two virulent infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones of mdv were generated from an mdv genome previously cloned as five overlapping cosmids. the md5sn5bac clone has the bac vector inserted b ... | 2010 | 21123546 |
| pathogenicity of a very virulent strain of marek's disease herpesvirus cloned as infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes. | bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) vectors containing the full-length genomes of several herpesviruses have been used widely as tools to enable functional studies of viral genes. marek's disease viruses (mdvs) are highly oncogenic alphaherpesviruses that induce rapid-onset t-cell lymphomas in chickens. oncogenic strains of mdv reconstituted from bac clones have been used to examine the role of viral genes in inducing tumours. past studies have demonstrated continuous increase in virulence of ... | 2010 | 21127705 |
| expression profiles of micrornas encoded by the oncogenic marek's disease virus reveal two distinct expression patterns in vivo during different phases of disease. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a long-recognized oncogenic herpesvirus, which induces lymphoma in its natural host that can be prevented by vaccination. mdv infection provides an excellent biological model for investigating the biology, genetics and immunology of viral oncogenesis. recently discovered micrornas (mirnas) in the mdv genome have been suggested to have regulatory roles during mdv oncogenesis. we have examined the expression profiles of all 22 previously reported mirnas encoded by md ... | 2010 | 21148277 |
| deletion of the meq gene significantly decreases immunosuppression in chickens caused by pathogenic marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) causes an acute lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, resulting in immunosuppression, which is considered to be an integral aspect of the pathogenesis of marek's disease (md). a recent study showed that deletion of the meq gene resulted in loss of transformation of t-cells in chickens and a meq-null virus, rmd5δmeq, could provide protection superior to cvi988/rispens. | 2011 | 21205328 |
| mortality of one-week-old chickens during naturally occurring marek's disease virus infection. | marek's disease (md) is a disease of chickens that occurs worldwide and has serious economic consequences. md can present as one of several forms, with the most commonly occurring forms being the lymphoproliferative diseases. under experimental conditions, an early mortality syndrome has been recognized following infection by some but not all strains of md virus (mdv). this is the first report of a confirmed case of mortality due to naturally occurring mdv infection in 1-week-old, nonvaccinated, ... | 2011 | 21239693 |
| molecular characteristics of polish field strains of marek's disease herpesvirus isolated from vaccinated chickens. | twenty-nine marek's disease virus (mdv) strains were isolated during a 3 year period (2007-2010) from vaccinated and infected chicken flocks in poland. these strains had caused severe clinical symptoms and lesions. in spite of proper vaccination with mono- or bivalent vaccines against marek's disease (md), the chickens developed symptoms of md with paralysis.because of this we decided to investigate possible changes and mutations in the field strains that could potentially increase their virulen ... | 2011 | 21320336 |
| comparative genomic sequence analysis of the marek's disease vaccine strain sb-1. | marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, induces a rapid onset t-cell lymphoma and demyelinating disease in chickens. since the 1970s the disease has been controlled through mass vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys [meleagrid herpesvirus type 1 (mehv-1)]. over time this vaccine's efficacy decreased, and in the 1980s a bivalent vaccine consisting of mehv-1 and a non-oncogenic gallid herpesvirus type 3 (gahv-3) strain known as sb-1 was introduced. the complete dna sequence ( ... | 2011 | 21336949 |
| improving the potency of dna vaccine against chicken anemia virus (cav) by fusing vp1 protein of cav to marek's disease virus (mdv) type-1 vp22 protein. | studies have shown that the vp22 gene of marek's disease virus type-1 (mdv-1) has the property of movement between cells from the original cell of expression into the neighboring cells. the ability to facilitate the spreading of the linked proteins was used to improve the potency of the constructed dna vaccines against chicken anemia virus (cav). | 2011 | 21401953 |
| comparative analysis of oncogenic genes revealed unique evolutionary features of field marek's disease virus prevalent in recent years in china. | marek's disease (md) is an economically important viral disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic herpesvirus. this disease was well controlled since the widespread use of commercial vaccines, but field mdvs have shown continuous increasing in virulence and acquired the ability to overcome the immune response induced by vaccines. nowadays, md continues to be a serious threat to poultry industry, isolation and characterization of mdvs are essential for monitoring cha ... | 2011 | 21406076 |
| chromosomal integration of an avian oncogenic herpesvirus reveals telomeric preferences and evidence for lymphoma clonality. | abstract: | 2010 | 21429236 |
| [marek's disease virus can infect chicken brain microglia and promote the transcription of toll-like receptor 15 and 1lb genes]. | microglial cells were purified from a mixed neuroglia culture prepared from the neonatal chicken brain in vitro, and were infected with the vvmdv yl040920 isolate and an attenuated mdv vaccine strain cvi988/rispens, respectively. the presence of cytopathic effect (cpe) was examined daily, and the meq expression in mdv-infected microglia was detected by immunohistochemistry assay. dna replication of the mdv meq gene and transcription of the gb gene were determined by real-time quantitative pcr (q ... | 2011 | 21462502 |
| cytogenetic stability of chicken t-cell line transformed with marek's disease virus: atomic force microscope, a new tool for investigation. | the marek's disease virus (mdv) integration may induce a novel organization of chromatin architecture with a modified genetic expression. in our opinion it is worthwhile trying to relate cytogenetic stability to functional modifications. recently, atomic force microscopy technique was applied to study the structure of chromosomes at a nanoscale level. this high resolution allows to investigate the different structure of chromatin in order to study cytogenetic stability and chromosome aberrations ... | 2011 | 21472812 |
| interferon-γ influences immunity elicited by vaccines against very virulent marek's disease virus. | vaccination of chickens with herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) confers only partial protection against challenge with a very virulent marek's disease virus (mdv). here, we evaluated the ability of recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (rchifn-γ) to enhance protective efficacy of hvt against the very virulent mdv strain, rb1b. the bioactivity of ifn-γ expressed by a plasmid expression vector was confirmed by its ability to stimulate a chicken macrophage cell line (hd11) to produce nitric oxide (no) in v ... | 2011 | 21501630 |
| cytokine responses and inducible nitrous oxide synthase expression patterns in neonatal chicken brain microglia infected with very virulent marek's disease virus strain yl040920. | purified and enriched brain microglia from neonatal chickens were infected with live marek's disease virus (mdv)-both the very virulent (vv) yl040920 strain and the attenuated vaccine strain cvi988/rispens in vitro. although yl040920-infected microglia showed lower viral dna loads compared with those infected with cvi988/rispens at the same infectious dose (400 plaque-forming units for each), no significant differences in ifn-γ and il-12p35 transcription were detected between the two mdv strains ... | 2011 | 21501879 |
| analysis of transcriptional activities of the meq proteins present in highly virulent marek's disease virus strains, rb1b and md5. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that causes malignant lymphomas in chickens. recent field isolates of mdv have tended to exhibit increasing virulence, and mdv strains are currently classified into four categories based on their relative virulence. meq, a putative mdv oncoprotein, resembles the jun/fos family of basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors and can regulate the expression of viral and cellular genes as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with a variety of ... | 2011 | 21503681 |
| structural characteristics and antiviral activity of multiple peptides derived from mdv glycoproteins b and h. | abstract: background: marek's disease virus (mdv), which is widely considered to be a natural model of virus-induced lymphoma, has the potential to cause tremendous losses in the poultry industry. to investigate the structural basis of mdv membrane fusion and to identify new viral targets for inhibition, we examined the domains of the mdv glycoproteins gh and gb. results: four peptides derived from the mdv glycoprotein gh (ghh1, ghh2, ghh3, and ghh5) and one peptide derived from gb (gbh1) could ... | 2011 | 21518442 |
| clonal structure of rapid-onset mdv-driven cd4+ lymphomas and responding cd8+ t cells. | lymphoid oncogenesis is a life threatening complication associated with a number of persistent viral infections (e.g. ebv and htlv-1 in humans). with many of these infections it is difficult to study their natural history and the dynamics of tumor formation. marek's disease virus (mdv) is a prevalent α-herpesvirus of poultry, inducing cd4+ tcrαβ+ t cell tumors in susceptible hosts. the high penetrance and temporal predictability of tumor induction raises issues related to the clonal structure of ... | 2011 | 21573129 |
| allele-specific expression analysis reveals cd79b has a cis-acting regulatory element that responds to marek's disease virus infection in chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a t cell lymphoma disease of domestic chickens induced by the marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly infectious and naturally oncogenic alphaherpesvirus. enhancing genetic resistance to md in poultry is an attractive method to augment md vaccines, which protect against md but do not prevent mdv replication and horizontal spread. previous work integrating qtl scans, transcript profiling, and mdv-chicken protein-protein interaction screens revealed 3 md resistance genes; how ... | 2011 | 21597060 |
| 2 gene families of mareks-disease virus (mdv) with a potential role in tumor-induction in chicken (review). | marek's disease virus (mdv) is one of the most oncogenic herpesviruses and the only cancer virus that has a successful vaccine. based on the short-latency and polyclonal nature of the tumors, it is likely that mdv encodes its own oncogenes. recent studies have provided insights into possible mdv genes involved in oncogenesis. we describe the characterization of two gene families encoded by the bamhi-h and i-2 fragments. the bamhi-h and i-2 fragments, located contiguously in the ir(l) region, are ... | 1995 | 21556630 |
| a 7-kda protein encoded by the bamhi-h gene family of mareks-disease virus is produced in lytically and latently infected-cells. | marek's disease virus (mdv) bamhi-h gene family was transcribed specifically in cells infected with oncogenic mdv, and the transcripts were prematurely terminated in cells infected with non-oncogenic attenuated strains of mdv due to the amplification of a 132 bp repeat located downstream of their promoter. there are six small open reading frames in the two differently spliced and two unspliced transcripts. this report describes expression of bha gene open reading frame a, present in 1.7 kb unspl ... | 1994 | 21566984 |
| prolonged proliferation of primary chicken-embryo fibroblasts transfected with cdnas from the bamhi-h gene family of mareks-disease virus. | oncogenic virus-specific 1.69 kb and 1.5 kb cdnas, derived from the tumorigenicity-associated bamhi-h gene family of marek's disease virus (mdv), were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector (prc/cmv) and designated as prc/cmv-1.69 and prc/cmv-1.5, respectively. chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) transfected with prc/cmv-1.69 or prc/cmv-1.5 plasmid dna showed reduced serum-dependence for growth compared with prc/cmv vector-transfected cefs. also, prc/cmv-1.69 or prc/cmv-1.5 dna transfected c ... | 1993 | 21573403 |
| genome-wide identification of allele-specific expression (ase) in response to marek's disease virus infection using next generation sequencing. | marek's disease (md), a t cell lymphoma induced by the highly oncogenic α-herpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv), is the main chronic infectious disease concern threatening the poultry industry. enhancing genetic resistance to md in commercial poultry is an attractive method to augment md vaccines, which is currently the control method of choice. in order to optimally implement this control strategy through marker-assisted selection (mas) and to gain biological information, it is necessary to i ... | 2011 | 21645293 |
| down-regulation of promoter methylation level of cd4 gene after mdv infection in md-susceptible chicken line. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncovirus that induces lymphoid tumors in susceptible chickens, and may affect the epigenetic stability of the cd4 gene. the purpose of this study was to find the effect of mdv infection on dna methylation status of the cd4 gene differed between md-resistant (l63) and -susceptible (l72) chicken lines. | 2011 | 21645322 |
| sequence analysis of the meq gene in the predominant marek's disease virus strains isolated in china during 2006-2008. | the main aim of the present study were to investigate sequence diversity in the meq gene of marek's disease viruses (mdv) isolated in china and to determine the most prevalent mdv strains. the 19 mdv strains were isolated from dead or diseased chickens from different chicken farms in china during 2006-2008, and the meq gene was sequenced from each of these strains. sequence analysis showed that all of the isolates contained an open reading frame of 1020 nucleotides, which encoded a 339 amino aci ... | 2011 | 21789633 |
| expression of ha of hpai h5n1 virus at us2 gene insertion site of turkey herpesvirus induced better protection than that at us10 gene insertion site. | herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) is being widely used as a vector for development of recombinant vaccines and us2 and us10 genes are often chosen as insertion sites for targeted gene expression. however, the different effects of the two genes for generation of recombinant hvt vaccines were unknown. in order to compare the effects of inserted genes in the two sites on the efficacy of the recombinant vaccines, host-protective haemagglutinin (ha) gene of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpai ... | 2011 | 21818336 |
| development and application of a phosphoproteomic method using electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (erlic), imac, and lc-ms/ms analysis to study marek's disease virus infection. | marek's disease (md) is an avian neoplastic disease caused by marek's disease virus (mdv). the mechanism of virus transition between the lytic and latent cycle is still being investigated; however, post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, have been thought to play an important role. previously, our group has used strong cation exchange chromatography in conjunction with reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) to study the changes in global pr ... | 2011 | 21736374 |
| transcriptional profiling of host gene expression in chicken liver tissues infected with oncogenic marek's disease virus. | summarymarek's disease virus (mdv), one of the most potent oncogenic herpesviruses, leads to highly contagious immunosuppressive and neoplastic disease in susceptible chickens. previous studies mainly focused on the roles of host genes modulated by mdv in the virological rather than neoplastic stage. to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in marek's disease (md) system, a microarray analysis with affymetrix gene-chip chicken genome arrays was performed in a non-lymphoid ... | 2011 | 21832007 |
| heat-shock protein 70 is associated with the entry of marek's disease virus into fibroblast. | literature pertaining to the interactions between marek's disease virus (mdv) entry-related glycoproteins and corresponding receptors is still limited. results from a western blot analysis of cellular proteins for virus receptors and co-immunoprecipitation suggest that heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is a potential cellular receptor for mdv glycoprotein gh. plaque inhibition assays confirm the involvement of hsp70 in the early stages of mdv entry into chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef). the present ... | 2011 | 21978152 |