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the effects of 405-nm visible light on the survival of campylobacter on chicken skin and stainless steel.campylobacter spp. are foodborne pathogens responsible for a significant portion of human cases of bacterial-mediated gastrointestinal disease. a primary method for the introduction of campylobacter into the food supply is through poultry products. reducing the number of campylobacter on poultry products may reduce the incidence of human disease. research has been conducted on the use of light to inactivate campylobacter on poultry products and processing environments. more recently, the use of ...201626938455
zoonotic public health hazards in backyard chickens.backyard poultry has become increasingly popular in industrialized countries. in addition to keeping chickens for eggs and meat, owners often treat the birds as pets. however, several pathogenic enteric bacteria have the potential for zoonotic transmission from poultry to humans but very little is known about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in backyard flocks. the occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp., listeria monocytogenes and enteropathoge ...201626752227
salmonella and campylobacter: antimicrobial resistance and bacteriophage control in poultry.salmonella and campylobacter are major causes of foodborne related illness and are traditionally associated with consuming undercooked poultry and/or consuming products that have been cross contaminated with raw poultry. many of the isolated salmonella and campylobacter that can cause disease have displayed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. although poultry producers have reduced on-the-farm overuse of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistant salmonella and campylobacter strains still persist. ...201626678136
comprehensive analysis of flagellin glycosylation in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 reveals incorporation of legionaminic acid and its importance for host colonization.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. it relies on several virulence factors for host colonization, including glycosylated flagella. c. jejuni nctc 11168 modifies its flagellins with pseudaminic acid derivatives. it is also presumed to modify these proteins with legionaminic acid, although no glycopeptide evidence was available at the onset of this study. the enzyme encoded by cj1319 can be used to make legionaminic acid in vitro, but the pathway for legionamini ...201626582606
species shift and multidrug resistance of campylobacter from chicken and swine, china, 2008-14.the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens and swine during 2008-14.201626568567
age-related differences in the luminal and mucosa-associated gut microbiome of broiler chickens and shifts associated with campylobacter jejuni infection.despite the importance of gut microbiota for broiler performance and health little is known about the composition of this ecosystem, its development and response towards bacterial infections. therefore, the current study was conducted to address the composition and structure of the microbial community in broiler chickens in a longitudinal study from day 1 to day 28 of age in the gut content and on the mucosa. additionally, the consequences of a campylobacter (c.) jejuni infection on the microbia ...201627921008
the pas domain-containing protein heur regulates heme uptake in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterially derived gastroenteritis. a previous mutant screen demonstrated that the heme uptake system (chu) is required for full colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract. subsequent work identified a pas domain-containing regulator, termed heur, as being required for chicken colonization. here we confirm that both the heme uptake system and heur are required for full chicken gastrointestinal tract colonization, with the heur mutant being part ...201627935836
chicken immune response after in ovo immunization with chimeric tlr5 activating flagellin of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is the main cause of bacterial food-borne diseases in developed countries. chickens are the most important source of human infection. vaccination of poultry is an attractive strategy to reduce the number of c. jejuni in the intestinal tract of chickens. we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant c. jejuni flagellin-based subunit vaccine with intrinsic adjuvant activity. toll-like receptor activation assays demonstrated the purity and tlr5 sti ...201627760175
complete genomic sequence of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 strain rm1285 isolated from packaged chicken.poultry products serve as the main source of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni infections in humans. c. jejuni subsp. jejuni infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and are a prevalent antecedent to guillain-barré syndrome. this study describes the genome of c. jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 strain rm1285, isolated from packaged chicken in california.201627795263
complete genome sequences of campylobacter jejuni strains od267 and wp2202 isolated from retail chicken livers and gizzards reveal the presence of novel 116-kilobase and 119-kilobase megaplasmids with type vi secretion systems.genome sequences of campylobacter jejuni strains od267 and wp2202, isolated from chicken livers and gizzards, showed the presence of novel 116-kb and 119-kb megaplasmids, respectively. the two megaplasmids carry a type vi secretion system and tetracycline resistance genes. these are the largest sequenced campylobacter plasmids to date.201627688318
dna supercoiling regulates the motility of campylobacter jejuni and is altered by growth in the presence of chicken mucus.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, but relatively little is known about the global regulation of virulence factors during infection of chickens or humans. this study identified dna supercoiling as playing a key role in regulating motility and flagellar protein production and found that this supercoiling-controlled regulon is induced by growth in chicken mucus. a direct correlation was observed between motility and resting dna supercoiling levels in ...201627624126
restaurant cooking trends and increased risk for campylobacter infection.in the united kingdom, outbreaks of campylobacter infection are increasingly attributed to undercooked chicken livers, yet many recipes, including those of top chefs, advocate short cooking times and serving livers pink. during 2015, we studied preferences of chefs and the public in the united kingdom and investigated the link between liver rareness and survival of campylobacter. we used photographs to assess chefs' ability to identify chicken livers meeting safe cooking guidelines. to investiga ...201627314748
lipooligosaccharide locus classes and putative virulence genes among chicken and human campylobacter jejuni isolates.campylobacter cause morbidity and considerable economic loss due to hospitalization and post infectious sequelae such as reactive arthritis, guillain barré- and miller fischer syndromes. such sequelae have been linked to c. jejuni harboring sialic acid structures in their lipooligosaccharide (los) layer of the cell wall. poultry is an important source of human campylobacter infections but little is known about the prevalence of sialylated c. jejuni isolates and the extent of transmission of such ...201627871232
engineering the campylobacter jejuni n-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine.campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of c. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. we constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved c. jejuni n-glycan with a protein carrier, glycotag, or fused to the escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or e. coli-d ...201627221144
chicken anti-campylobacter vaccine - comparison of various carriers and routes of immunization.campylobacter spp, especially the species campylobacter jejuni, are important human enteropathogens responsible for millions of cases of gastro-intestinal disease worldwide every year. c. jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen, and poultry meat that has been contaminated by microorganisms is recognized as a key source of human infections. although numerous strategies have been developed and experimentally checked to generate chicken vaccines, the results have so far had limited success. in this study, we ...201627242755
biochar, bentonite and zeolite supplemented feeding of layer chickens alters intestinal microbiota and reduces campylobacter load.a range of feed supplements, including antibiotics, have been commonly used in poultry production to improve health and productivity. alternative methods are needed to suppress pathogen loads and maintain productivity. as an alternative to antibiotics use, we investigated the ability of biochar, bentonite and zeolite as separate 4% feed additives, to selectively remove pathogens without reducing microbial richness and diversity in the gut. neither biochar, bentonite nor zeolite made any signific ...201627116607
glycoengineered outer membrane vesicles: a novel platform for bacterial vaccines.the world health organization has indicated that we are entering into a post-antibiotic era in which infections that were routinely and successfully treated with antibiotics can now be lethal due to the global dissemination of multidrug resistant strains. conjugate vaccines are an effective way to create a long-lasting immune response against bacteria. however, these vaccines present many drawbacks such as slow development, high price, and batch-to-batch inconsistencies. alternate approaches for ...201627103188
the genomic architecture of resistance to campylobacter jejuni intestinal colonisation in chickens.campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diarrhoeal illness in humans and is mostly acquired from consumption or handling of contaminated poultry meat. in the absence of effective licensed vaccines and inhibitors, selection for chickens with increased resistance to campylobacter could potentially reduce its subsequent entry into the food chain. campylobacter intestinal colonisation levels are influenced by the host genetics of the chicken. in the present study, two chicken populations wer ...201627090510
cytokine responses in birds challenged with the human food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni implies a th17 response.development of process orientated understanding of cytokine interactions within the gastrointestinal tract during an immune response to pathogens requires experimentation and statistical modelling. the immune response against pathogen challenge depends on the specific threat to the host. here, we show that broiler chickens mount a breed-dependent immune response to campylobacter jejuni infection in the caeca by analysing experimental data using frequentist and bayesian structural equation models ...201627069644
the efficacy of a commercial competitive exclusion product on campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens in a 5-week pilot-scale study.the efficacy of the commercial competitive exclusion product broilact against campylobacter jejuni was evaluated in broiler chickens in a 5-week pilot-scale study. newly-hatched broiler chicks were brought from a commercial hatchery. after arrival 50 seeder chicks were challenged orally with approximately 10(3) cfu of c. jejuni, wing marked, and placed back in a delivery box and moved to a separate room. the rest of the chicks (contact chicks) were placed in floor pens, 100 chicks per pen. birds ...201626944963
cell wall anchoring of the campylobacter antigens to lactococcus lactis.campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of human food-borne gastroenteritis and chicken meat is the main source of infection. recent studies showed that broiler chicken immunization against campylobacter should be the most efficient way to lower the number of human infections by this pathogen. induction of the mucosal immune system after oral antigen administration should provide protective immunity to chickens. in this work we tested the usefulness of lactococcus lactis, the most extens ...201626925040
purification and characterization of a novel anti-campylobacter bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus dn317.the lactic acid bacteria (lab) microbiota of saudi chicken ceca was determined. from 60 samples, 204 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained. three isolates produced antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus subtilis. the isolate dn317, which had the highest activity against campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, was identified as lactobacillus curvatus (genbank accession numbers: kx353849 and kx353850). full inhibitory activity was observed aft ...201627812926
high rates of contamination of poultry meat products with drug resistant campylobacter in metro manila, philippines.a total of 265 chicken parts were collected from 15 wet markets and 15 supermarkets in metro manila, philippines. campylobacter spp. was isolated on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar plates and identified through biochemical tests and pcr amplification of genus and species specific genes. antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined following clinical and laboratory standards institute protocols. two hundred seven (78%) campylobacter spp. were isolated. c. jejuni and c. coli ...201627795478
the effect of microbial challenge on the intestinal proteome of broiler chickens.in poultry production intestinal health and function is paramount to achieving efficient feed utilisation and growth. uncovering the localised molecular mechanisms that occur during the early and important periods of growth that allow birds to grow optimally is important for this species. the exposure of young chicks to used litter from older flocks, containing mixed microbial populations, is a widely utilised model in poultry research. it rarely causes mortality but effects an immunogenic stimu ...201628572745
epidemiology and rapd-pcr typing of thermophilic campylobacters from children under five years and chickens in morogoro municipality, tanzania.campylobacter species are gram negative and flagellated bacteria under the genus campylobacter, family campylobacteriaceae. these pathogens cause zoonotic infections among human and animal populations. this study was undertaken between december 2006 and may 2007 to determine prevalence, risk factors and genetic diversity of thermophilic campylobacter isolates from children less than 5 years and chickens in morogoro municipality, tanzania.201627871251
molecular epidemiology, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spreading in retail chicken meat in central china.campylobacter species are the major food-borne pathogens which could cause bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. contaminated chicken products have been recognized as the primary vehicles of campylobacter transmission to human beings. in this study, the prevalence of campylobacter in retail chicken meat in central china was investigated, and the isolates were further characterized using molecular approaches and tested for antibiotic resistance.201627800028
a direct-sensing galactose chemoreceptor recently evolved in invasive strains of campylobacter jejuni.a rare chemotaxis receptor, tlp11, has been previously identified in invasive strains of campylobacter jejuni, the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. here we use glycan and small-molecule arrays, as well as surface plasmon resonance, to show that tlp11 specifically interacts with galactose. tlp11 is required for the chemotactic response of c. jejuni to galactose, as shown using wild type, allelic inactivation and addition mutants. the inactivated mutant displays reduced ...201627762269
use of direct lamp screening of broiler fecal samples for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in the positive flock identification strategy.rapid identification of campylobacter-positive flocks before slaughter, following freezing and heat treatment for the campylobacter-positive carcasses at the slaughterhouses is an effective control strategy against foodborne campylobacteriosis. we evaluated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the direct screening of naturally contaminated chicken cloacal swabs for c. jejuni/c. coli to compare this assay with conventional quantitative culture methods. in a comparison study o ...201627746777
quantification of growth of campylobacter and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria sheds light on black box of enrichment procedures.campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide, and is routinely found in meat originating from poultry, sheep, pigs, and cattle. effective monitoring of campylobacter contamination is dependent on the availability of reliable detection methods. the method of the international organization for standardization for the detection of campylobacter spp. in food (iso 10272-1:2006) recommends the use of bolton broth (bb) as selective enrichment ...201627672384
identification of novel vaccine candidates against campylobacter through reverse vaccinology.campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the european union. human cases are mainly due to campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter coli, and contamination is associated with the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat. in fact, poultry constitutes the bacteria's main reservoir. a promising way of decreasing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans would be to decrease avian colonization. poultry vaccination is of potential for this p ...201627413761
whole-genome sequencing of a campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from retail chicken meat reveals the presence of a megaplasmid with mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes.genome sequencing of campylobacter jejuni strain t1-21 isolated from retail chicken meat revealed the presence of a chromosome of 1,565,978 bp and a megaplasmid of 82,732 bp that contains mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes. this is the first reported sequence of a campylobacter megaplasmid >55 kb.201627231378
campylobacter in broiler slaughter samples assessed by direct count on mccda and campy-cefex agar.campylobacter spp. cause foodborne illnesses in humans primarily through the consumption of contaminated chicken. the aim of this study was to evaluate the united states department of agriculture's (usda) recommended methodology, protocol mlg 41.02, for the isolation, identification and direct plate counting of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli samples from the broiler slaughtering process. a plating method using both mccda and campy-cefex agars is recommended to recover campylobacter cells. it i ...201627237112
evaluation of a protective effect of in ovo delivered campylobacter jejuni omvs.campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of a food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with poultry being the main source of infection. campylobacter jejuni, like other gram-negative bacteria, constitutively releases outer membrane vesicles (omvs). omvs are highly immunogenic, can be taken up by mammalian cells, and are easily modifiable by recombinant engineering. we have tested their usefulness for an oral (in ovo) vaccination of chickens. four groups of 18-day-old chicken em ...201627383607
draft genome sequence of lactobacillus crispatus jcm5810, which can reduce campylobacter jejuni colonization in chicken intestine.we present the 2.05-mb draft genome sequence oflactobacillus crispatusjcm5810, a chicken intestinal isolate with the ability to reducecampylobacter jejunicolonization in chickens. the genome sequence will provide insights on the probiotic mechanisms ofl. crispatusjcm5810.201627081134
campylobacter jejuni-associated perimyocarditis: two case reports and review of the literature.campylobacter spp. are among the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis world-wide and mostly follow a benign course. we report two cases of campylobacter jejuni-associated perimyocarditis, the first two simultaneous cases published to date and the third and fourth cases over all in sweden, and a review of the literature.201627297408
tracing back clinical campylobacter jejuni in the northwest of italy and assessing their potential source.food-borne campylobacteriosis is caused mainly by the handling or consumption of undercooked chicken meat or by the ingestion of contaminated raw milk. knowledge about the contributions of different food sources to gastrointestinal disease is fundamental to prioritize food safety interventions and to establish proper control strategies. assessing the genetic diversity among campylobacter species is essential to our understanding of their epidemiology and population structure. we molecularly char ...201627379033
prevalence of virulence/stress genes in campylobacter jejuni from chicken meat sold in qatari retail outlets.chicken meat from the shelves of supermarkets in qatar was tested for the presence of campylobacter spp. and the presence of five virulence genes (htrb, cdtb, clpp, cadf and ciab) was assessed in isolates. forty eight percent of the chickens provided for supermarkets by saudi (53%) and qatari (45.9%) producers were found to be contaminated and the most important factor affecting the overall prevalence of contaminated chickens was the store from which chicken samples originated. variation in prev ...201627258021
human campylobacteriosis in luxembourg, 2010-2013: a case-control study combined with multilocus sequence typing for source attribution and risk factor analysis.campylobacteriosis has increased markedly in luxembourg during recent years. we sought to determine which campylobacter genotypes infect humans, where they may originate from, and how they may infect humans. multilocus sequence typing was performed on 1153 campylobacter jejuni and 136 c. coli human strains to be attributed to three putative animal reservoirs (poultry, ruminants, pigs) and to environmental water using the asymmetric island model. a nationwide case-control study (2010-2013) for do ...201626860258
risk factors associated with campylobacter detected by pcr in humans and animals in rural cambodia.campylobacter are worldwide-occurring zoonotic bacteria, with the species campylobacter jejuni and c. coli commonly associated with diarrhoea in children in low-income countries. in this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of c. jejuni and c. coli in human and livestock faecal samples was detected by pcr and zoonotic risk factors associated with human campylobacter positivity were identified. in total 681 humans and 753 livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle) from 269 households were sampled ...201627334412
virulence and genomic feature of multidrug resistant campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chicken.the aim of this study was to reveal the molecular mechanism involved in multidrug resistance and virulence of campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chickens. the virulence of six multidrug resistant c. jejuni was determined by in vitro and in vivo methods. the de novo whole genome sequencing technology and molecular biology methods were used to analyze the genomic features associated with the multidrug resistance and virulence of a selected isolate (c. jejuni 1655). the comparative genomic ...201627790202
recent advances in screening of anti-campylobacter activity in probiotics for use in poultry.campylobacteriosis is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. campylobacter species involved in this infection usually include the thermotolerant species campylobacter jejuni. the major reservoir for c. jejuni leading to human infections is commercial broiler chickens. poultry flocks are frequently colonized by c. jejuni without any apparent symptoms. risk assessment analyses have identified the handling and consumption of poultry meat as one of the most important sources o ...201627303366
detection of zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a semirural community in ecuador.animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (lmics), where small-scale livestock production is common. in this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in ecuador between june and august 2014. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was used to assess zoonotic tran ...201627208122
differences in host breed and diet influence colonization by campylobacter jejuni and induction of local immune responses in chicken.chickens are regarded as the main reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. little is known about the interaction between campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) and chickens. this interaction may be influenced by the stage of maturation of the immune system, developing gut microbiota composition and other factors including breed and diet. our aim was to investigate the impact of breed, and diet on c. jejuni colonization and host immune responses in chickens. birds were inoculated with 10(4) colony formi ...201627843492
further characterization and independent validation of a dna aptamer-quantum dot-based magnetic sandwich assay for campylobacter.previously reported dna aptamers developed against surface proteins extracted from campylobacter jejuni were further characterized by aptamer-based western blotting and shown to bind epitopes on proteins weighing ~16 and 60 kd from reduced c. jejuni and campylobacter coli lysates. proteins of these approximate weights have also been identified in traditional antibody-based western blots of campylobacter spp. specificity of the capture and reporter aptamers from the previous report was further va ...201728342148
sourcer: classification and source attribution of infectious agents among heterogeneous populations.zoonotic diseases are a major cause of morbidity, and productivity losses in both human and animal populations. identifying the source of food-borne zoonoses (e.g. an animal reservoir or food product) is crucial for the identification and prioritisation of food safety interventions. for many zoonotic diseases it is difficult to attribute human cases to sources of infection because there is little epidemiological information on the cases. however, microbial strain typing allows zoonotic pathogens ...201728558033
comparing the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni recovered from cattle and humans.campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans, is a foodborne pathogen that can reside in chickens, pigs, and cattle. because resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, which are commonly used to treat human infections, has emerged in c. jejuni, it is imperative to continously monitor resistance patterns and examine the genetic variation in strains from human infections and animal reservoirs. our previous study of c. jejuni from human campylobacteriosis cases showed a si ...201728536568
cj0440c affects flagella formation and in vivo colonization of erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common foodborne pathogen worldwide. a putative transcriptional regulator, cj0440c, was up-regulated in the erythromycin-resistant c. jejuni, however, the precise role of cj0440c is yet to be determined. the aim of this study was to determine the biological functions of cj0440c. the cj0440c isogenic mutants were constructed from erythromycin-susceptible c. jejuni nctc 11168 (s) and -resistant c. jejuni 68-er (r), designating as sm and rm, respectively. the ...201728487689
epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meats in canada.campylobacter is an important zoonotic pathogen found in livestock and can cause illness in humans following consumption of raw and undercooked meat products. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in retail meat (poultry, turkey, pork and beef) purchased in alberta, canada and to assess antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness of recovered campylobacter strains with previously isolated strains from clinical and environmental sources. a compar ...201728477522
genome-wide fitness analyses of the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni in in vitro and in vivo models.campylobacter is the most common cause of foodborne bacterial illness worldwide. faecal contamination of meat, especially chicken, during processing represents a key route of transmission to humans. there is a lack of insight into the mechanisms driving c. jejuni growth and survival within hosts and the environment. here, we report a detailed analysis of c. jejuni fitness across models reflecting stages in its life cycle. transposon (tn) gene-inactivation libraries were generated in three c. jej ...201728455506
population structure and attribution of human clinical campylobacter jejuni isolates from central europe to livestock and environmental sources.campylobacter jejuni is among the most prevalent causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. domesticated animals and, especially, chicken meat are considered to be the main sources of infections. however, the contribution of surface waters and wildlife in c. jejuni transmission to humans is not well understood. we have evaluated the source attribution potential of a six-gene multiplex pcr (mpcr) method coupled with structure analysis on a set of 410 c. jejuni strains isolated from envi ...201728755449
in vitro characteristics of lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the chicken digestive tract and their role in the inhibition of campylobacter colonization.campylobacter jejuni/coli infections are the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illnesses in humans. many epidemiological studies indicate that improperly prepared meat from chickens that carry a high load of campylobacter in their intestinal tracts is the key source of human infections. lab, mainly members of the lactococcus and lactobacillus genera, increasingly have been tested as vehicles for the delivery of heterologous bacterial or viral antigens to animal mucosal immune systems. thus, t ...201728736979
draft genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni cam970 and c. coli cam962, associated with a large outbreak of foodborne illness in fukuoka, japan, in 2016.here, we report the draft genome sequences of campylobacter jejuni cam970 and c. coli cam962, which were associated with a large outbreak of foodborne illness originating from undercooked chicken sushi in fukuoka, japan, in may 2016. their genome sizes were 1,690,901 and 1,704,736 bp, with 22 and 23 rrnas, 9 and 9 trnas, and 411× and 419× coverage for c. jejuni cam970 and c. coli cam962, respectively.201728619796
cleaning and disinfection programs against campylobacter jejuni for broiler chickens: productive performance, microbiological assessment and characterization.detailed cleaning and disinfection programs aims to reduce infection pressure from microorganisms from one flock to the next. however, studies evaluating the benefits to poultry performance, the sanitary status of the facilities, and the sanitary quality of the meat are rarely found. thus, this study was designed to evaluate 2 cleaning and disinfecting programs regarding their influence on productive performance, elimination of campylobacter, and characterization of campylobacter jejuni strains ...201728854757
animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western kenya: a matched case-control study.diarrheal disease remains among the leading causes of global mortality in children younger than 5 years. exposure to domestic animals may be a risk factor for diarrheal disease. the objectives of this study were to identify animal-related exposures associated with cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (msd) in children in rural western kenya, and to identify the major zoonotic enteric pathogens present in domestic animals residing in the homesteads of case and control children.201728783751
β-resorcylic acid, a phytophenolic compound, reduces campylobacter jejuni in postharvest poultry.human campylobacter infections, a leading foodborne illness globally, has been linked with the high prevalence of this bacterium on raw retail chicken products. reduction of campylobacter counts on poultry products would greatly reduce the risk of subsequent infections in humans. to this end, this study investigated the potential of the phytophenolic compound β-resorcylic acid (br) to reduce campylobacter counts on postharvest poultry (chicken skin or meat). four trials in total, two each on thi ...201728686495
effects of dry whey powder and calcium butyrate supplementation of corn/soybean-based diets on productive performance, duodenal histological integrity, and campylobacter colonization in broilers.campylobacter is the main cause of gastroenteritis in humans in industrialized countries, and poultry is its principal reservoir and source of human infections. dietary supplementation of broiler feed with additives could improve productive performance and elicit health benefits that might reduce campylobacter contamination during primary production. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with whey (a prebiotic) and calcium butyrate (a salt of a short-chain fat ...201728651615
towards diagnostic metagenomics of campylobacter in fecal samples.the development of diagnostic metagenomics is driven by the need for universal, culture-independent methods for detection and characterization of pathogens to substitute the time-consuming, organism-specific, and often culture-based laboratory procedures for epidemiological source-tracing. some of the challenges in diagnostic metagenomics are, that it requires a great next-generation sequencing depth and unautomated data analysis.201728595575
prevalence and characterization of campylobacter jejuni isolated from retail chicken in tianjin, china.campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide; however, there is a lack of information on the prevalence and antibiotic-resistant profile of c. jejuni in the people's republic of china. we determined the prevalence and characteristics of c. jejuni on the retail level in tianjin, one of the five national central cities in china. a total of 227 samples of chicken wings, legs, and breasts were collected from supermarkets and wet markets; 42 of these samples were confirmed to be ...201728504616
application of β-resorcylic acid as potential antimicrobial feed additive to reduce campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens.campylobacter is one of the major foodborne pathogens that result in severe gastroenteritis in humans, primarily through consumption of contaminated poultry products. chickens are the reservoir host of campylobacter, where the pathogen colonizes the ceca, thereby leading to contamination of carcass during slaughter. a reduction in cecal colonization by campylobacter would directly translate into reduced product contamination and risk of human infections. with increasing consumer demand for antib ...201728428779
development of an isothermal amplification-based assay for the rapid visual detection of salmonella bacteria.the efficient and timely detection of pathogens is a major concern worldwide. the aim of this study was to establish a rapid detection method for salmonella bacteria in food samples to facilitate timely treatment. widely used detection methods currently include culture-based methods and pcr-based methods. the former are time consuming, requiring 2 to 3 d, whereas the latter have higher accuracy but are typically complicated, requiring expertise and expensive instruments. in this study, a sensiti ...201728711269
a rapid salmonella detection method involving thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification and a lateral flow assay.salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment and can cause serious human and animal disease. since conventional culture methods to detect salmonella are time-consuming and laborious, rapid and accurate techniques to detect this pathogen are critically important for food safety and diagnosing foodborne illness. in this study, we developed a rapid, simple and portable salmonella detection strategy that combines thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (thda) ...201728526589
probiotic characteristics of lactobacillus curvatus dn317, a strain isolated from chicken ceca.the probiotic characteristics of lactobacillus curvatus dn317, a strain isolated from chicken ceca, were evaluated. this strain was selected for study from the isolated lactobacillus strains because it has specific anti-microbial activity against campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, camp. jejuni nctc 11168, listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644, and bacillus subtilis atcc 8633. lact. curvatus dn317 showed an auto-aggregation percentage of 72% and presented the highest co-aggregation with lact. monocytoge ...201728741151
the influence of the gut microbiota composition on campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni)-host-interaction may be affected by the host's gut microbiota through competitive exclusion, metabolites or modification of the immune response. to understand this interaction c. jejuni colonization and local immune responses were compared in chickens with different gut microbiota composition. birds were treated with an antibiotic cocktail (at) (experiment 1 and 2) or raised under germ-free (gf) conditions (experiment 3). at 18 days post hatch (dph), they were ei ...201728808158
intrinsic and extrinsic aspects on campylobacter jejuni biofilms.biofilm represents a way of life that allows greater survival of microorganisms in hostile habitats. campylobacter jejuni is able to form biofilms in vitro and on surfaces at several points in the poultry production chain. genetic determinants related to their formation are expressed differently between strains and external conditions are decisive in this respect. our approach combines phylogenetic analysis and the presence of seven specific genes linked to biofilm formation in association with ...201728769900
high prevalence and predominance of the aph(2″)-if gene conferring aminoglycoside resistance in campylobacter.campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and previous studies revealed that campylobacter isolates from food-producing animals are increasingly resistant to gentamicin in china. the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms responsible for gentamicin resistance in china have not been well understood. in this study, 607 campylobacter isolates of chicken and swine origins collected in the year of 2014 were analyzed, revealing that 15.6% (25/160) of the c. jejuni isolates and 79.9% (357/447) ...201728264854
prevalence and risk factors for thermotolerant species of campylobacter in poultry meat at retail in europe.the thermotolerant species campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari and campylobacter upsaliensis are the causative agents of the human illness called campylobacteriosis. this infection represents a threat for the health of consumers in europe. it is well known that poultry meat is an important food vehicle of campylobacter infection. as emerged from the reported scientific literature published between 2006 and 2016, poultry meat sold at retail level in europe represents an i ...201728854745
isolation and identification of campylobacter spp. from poultry and poultry by-products in tunisia by conventional culture method and multiplex real-time pcr.thermophilic campylobacter spp. are one of the primary causes of bacterial human diarrhea. the consumption of poultry meats, by-products, or both is suspected to be a major cause of human campylobacteriosis. the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in fresh poultry meat and poultry by-products by conventional culture methods and to confirm campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates by using the multiplex pcr assay. two hundred fifty fre ...201728853632
genome reduction for niche association in campylobacter hepaticus, a cause of spotty liver disease in poultry.the term "spotty liver disease" (sld) has been used since the late 1990s for a condition seen in the uk and australia that primarily affects free range laying hens around peak lay, causing acute mortality and a fall in egg production. a novel thermophilic sld-associated campylobacter was reported in the united kingdom (uk) in 2015. subsequently, similar isolates occurring in australia were formally described as a new species, campylobacter hepaticus. we describe the comparative genomics of 10 c. ...201728848714
genetic diversity of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. isolates from different stages of the poultry meat supply chain in argentina.the objective of this study was to investigate a clonal relationship among thermotolerant campylobacter spp. isolates from different stages of the poultry meat supply chain in argentina. a total of 128 thermotolerant campylobacter spp. (89 c. jejuni and 39 c. coli) isolates from six poultry meat chains were examined. these isolates were from: a) hens from breeder flocks, b) chickens on the farm (at ages 1 wk and 5 wk), c) chicken carcasses in the slaughterhouse, and d) chicken carcasses in the r ...201728712509
a study on campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli through commercial broiler production chains in thailand: antimicrobial resistance, the characterization of dna gyrase subunit a mutation, and genetic diversity by flagellin a gene restriction fragment length polymorphism.contaminated poultry meat is regarded as the main source of human campylobacteriosis. during september 2014 and february 2015, breeder flocks, hatcheries, and broiler farms from two chicken production chains were investigated chronologically. five commercial breeder flocks (breeder flocks 1-5), two hatcheries (hatcheries a and b), and five broiler flocks (broiler flocks 1-5) were sampled in this study. campylobacter colonization of both breeder and broiler flocks was determined from cloacal swab ...201728665716
detection and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in <i>campylobacter</i> spp. isolated from chickens and humans.campylobacter spp. are common pathogenic bacteria in both veterinary and human medicine. infections caused by campylobacter spp. are usually treated using antibiotics. however, the injudicious use of antibiotics has been proven to spearhead the emergence of antibiotic resistance. the purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in campylobacter spp. isolated from chickens and human clinical cases in south africa. one hundred and sixty one isolates of campylob ...201728582978
dissemination of erm(b) and its associated multidrug-resistance genomic islands in campylobacter from 2013 to 2015.a total of 1372 campylobacter isolates (1107 campylobacter coli and 265 campylobacter jejuni) were obtained from 3462 samples collected from slaughterhouses and farms in three representative regions of china (shandong, guangdong, and shanghai) over three successive years (2013-2015). of these, 84 (84/1372, 6.1%) were erm(b)-positive, and all 84 positive isolates were identified as c. coli (83 chicken isolates and one swine isolate). the prevalence of erm(b) in campylobacter isolates was compared ...201728532801
identification and differentiation of campylobacter species by high-resolution melting curve analysis.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the important food-born zoonotic pathogen, also are leading causes of human food borne illnesses worldwide. cadf gene is expressed in all c. jejuni and c. coli strains and mediates cell binding to the cell matrix protein, fibronectin. high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis is emerging as an efficient and robust method for discriminating dna sequence variants. the goal of this study was to apply hrm analysis to identification of c. jejuni and c. col ...201728478199
the current state of macrolide resistance in campylobacter spp.: trends and impacts of resistance mechanisms.campylobacter spp., especially campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, are leading bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. in the united states, an estimated 0.8 million cases of campylobacteriosis occur annually, mostly involving c. jejuni campylobacteriosis is generally self-limiting, but in severe cases, treatment with antibiotics may be mandated. the increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter has rendered macrolides such as erythromycin and azithromycin the drugs of choic ...201728411226
occurrence and genotypes of campylobacter species in broilers during the rearing period.poultry are the main source of campylobacter infection worldwide. to obtain information on campylobacter-infected flocks and create a reference for preventing and controlling campylobacter at farm level, campylobacter isolates were recovered from broilers and the environments of nine chicken flocks in two farms during growth. the genetic relationship between the campylobacter isolates was determined using multilocus sequence typing. flocks were colonized as early as 3 weeks after introduction to ...201727766896
genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chicken in farms and at time of slaughter in central italy.genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni were investigated along the broiler chicken production chain in central italy.201728194914
evidence of campylobacter jejuni reduction in broilers with early synbiotic administration.c. jejuni is considered a food safety concern to both public health authorities and consumers since it is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. a high incidence of c. jejuni in broiler flocks is often correlated to pathogen recovery in retail poultry meat, which is the main source of human infection. in this work broiler chickens were fed with a synbiotic product mixed with conventional feed using two different administration strategies. the synbiotic was formulate ...201728390936
current and potential treatments for reducing campylobacter colonization in animal hosts and disease in humans.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacteria-derived gastroenteritis worldwide. in the developed world, campylobacter is usually acquired by consuming under-cooked poultry, while in the developing world it is often obtained through drinking contaminated water. once consumed, the bacteria adhere to the intestinal epithelium or mucus layer, causing toxin-mediated inhibition of fluid reabsorption from the intestine and invasion-induced inflammation and diarrhea. traditionally, severe or pr ...201728386253
evaluation of usda approved antimicrobials on the reduction of salmonella and campylobacter in ground chicken frames and their effect on meat quality.the main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of usda approved antimicrobials in reducing salmonella heidelberg (s. h.) and campylobacter jejuni (c. j.) in ground chicken frames and to determine the treatment effects on total aerobic counts and meat color. six antimicrobials (0.1% peracetic acid [paa], 0.6% cetylpyridinium chloride [cpc], 0.005% sodium hypochlorite, 1.5% acidified lactic acid [ala], 0.3% propionic acid, and 0.1% lauric arginate [lae]) applied as dip treatments wer ...201728379524
lack of evidence that selenium-yeast improves chicken health and modulates the caecal microbiota in the context of colonization by campylobacter jejuni.faced with ever-increasing demand, the industrial production of food animals is under pressure to increase its production. in order to keep productivity, quality, and safety standards up while reducing the use of antibiotics, farmers are seeking new feed additives. in chicken production, one of these additives is selenium. this element is expected to confer some advantages in terms of animal health and productivity, but its impact on chicken intestinal microbiota as well as on the carriage of fo ...201728367146
selection for pro-inflammatory mediators produces chickens more resistant to campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter spp. are the second leading cause of bacterial-induced foodborne illnesses with an estimated economic burden of nearly $2b usd per year. most human illness associated with campylobacteriosis is due to infection by c. jejuni and chickens are recognized as a reservoir that could lead to foodborne illness in humans resulting from handling or consuming raw or undercooked chicken. we recently developed a novel breeding strategy based on identification and selection of chickens with an i ...201728339707
b lymphocytes play a limited role in clearance of campylobacter jejuni from the chicken intestinal tract.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis with contaminated poultry meat its main source. control of c. jejuni is a priority for the poultry industry but no vaccines are available and their development hampered by poor understanding of the immunobiology of c. jejuni infection. here we show the functional role of b lymphocytes in response to c. jejuni in the chicken through depletion of the b lymphocyte population (bursectomy) followed by challenge. b lympho ...201728332622
administration of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785 to chickens affects colonisation by campylobacter jejuni and the intestinal microbiota.1. campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis in the world largely from contaminated poultry meat. new control measures to reduce or eliminate this pathogen from the animal gastrointestinal tract are urgently required, and the use of probiotics as competitive exclusion agents is a promising biocontrol measure to reduce c. jejuni in the food chain. 2. in this study, we assessed the potential of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, which has shown efficac ...201728318296
pathogenic potential and genotypic diversity of campylobacter jejuni: a neglected food-borne pathogen in brazil.purpose and methodology.campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. however, there are only a few studies available that have molecularly characterized c. jejuni strains isolated in brazil. the aim of this study was to genotype 111 c. jejuni strains isolated from sick humans (43), monkey faeces (19), chicken faeces (14), chicken meat (33) and sewage (2) between 1996 and 2016 in brazil using flaa-svr (short variable region) sequencing and pf ...201728317494
enteric pathogens and their toxin-induced disruption of the intestinal barrier through alteration of tight junctions in chickens.maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production. the gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial organ exposed to external factors influencing bird's health. the intestinal epithelial barrier serves as the first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. it consists of a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctional complexes which shrink the s ...201728208612
antimicrobial activities of phenolic extracts derived from seed coats of selected soybean varieties.soybean hulls or seed coats consist of complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and polyphenols such as anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins, and isoflavones. the polyphenolics in the seed coats give them various colors such as black, brown, green, yellow, or even a mottled appearance. in this study, the antimicrobial effects of phenolic extracts from the seed coats of different colored soybeans (yellow, dark brown, brown, and black) were evaluated against foodborne pathogens such as salmonella typ ...201728178372
identification and initial characterisation of a protein involved in campylobacter jejuni cell shape.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food borne illness. while helical cell shape is considered important for c. jejuni pathogenesis, this bacterium is capable of adopting other morphologies. to better understand how helical-shaped c. jejuni maintain their shape and thus any associated colonisation, pathogenicity or other advantage, it is first important to identify the genes and proteins involved. so far, two peptidoglycan modifying enzymes pgp1 and pgp2 have been shown to be ...201728131954
macrolide resistance mechanisms and virulence factors in erythromycin-resistant campylobacter species isolated from chicken and swine feces and carcasses.resistance to antimicrobials was measured in 73 isolates of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) and 121 isolates of campylobacter coli (c. coli) from chicken and swine feces and carcasses in korea. both bacterial species showed the highest resistance to (fluoro) quinolones (ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid) out of the nine antimicrobials tested. erythromycin resistance was much higher in c. coli (19.0%, 23/121) than in c. jejuni (6.8%, 5/73). the mutation in the 23s rrna gene was primarily responsi ...201727593510
molecular epidemiological analysis of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan using next-generation sequencing.in this research, we analyzed the main sequence types (st) and st complexes of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan by using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). we also analyzed lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus classes (los locus classes) and the numbers of isolates carrying genes coding resistance factors against various antibiotics, and observed their relationships. st-21 complex was the main st complex in isolates from humans (n = 38) and chickens (n = 25) ...201728087306
antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter in organically and conventionally raised layer chickens.poultry is a major source of campylobacter, which can cause foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. additionally, poultry-associated campylobacter can develop resistance to important antimicrobials, which increases the risk to public health. while broiler chickens have been the focus of many studies, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter on layer farms has not received equal attention. however, the growing popularity of cage-free and organic layer farming necessitates a c ...201727768387
compliance/non-compliance with biosecurity rules specified in the danish quality assurance system (kik) and campylobacter-positive broiler flocks 2012 and 2013.one source for campylobacter jejuni infections in humans could be consumption of broiler meat. transmission of campylobacter into broiler houses/flocks occurs via many routes. a number of biosecurity rules is specified in the quality assurance system in danish chicken production (kik) - for which the broiler producers annually are audited for compliance with, by bureau veritas. multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigated the association between compliance/non-compliance wi ...201727838611
tlr4 and tlr21 expression, mif, ifn-β, md-2, cd14 activation, and siga production in chickens administered with efal41 strain challenged with campylobacter jejuni.the protective effect of enterococcus faecium efal41 on chicken's caecum in relation to the tlr (tlr4 and tlr21) activation and production of luminal iga challenged with campylobacter jejuni ccm6191 was assessed. the activation of mif, ifn-β, md-2 and cd14 was followed-up after bacterial infection. day-old chicks (40) were divided into four groups (n = 10): control (c), e. faecium al41 (efal41), c. jejuni (cj) and combined e. faecium al41+c. jejuni (efal41+cj). relative mrna expression of tlr4, ...201727696326
methods for isolation, purification, and propagation of bacteriophages of campylobacter jejuni.here, we describe the methods for isolation, purification, and propagation of campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages from samples expected to contain high number of phages such as chicken feces. the overall steps are (1) liberation of phages from the sample material; (2) observation of plaque-forming units on c. jejuni lawns using a spot assay; (3) isolation of single plaques; (4) consecutive purification procedures; and (5) propagation of purified phages from a plate lysate to prepare master stock ...201727885595
generation and screening of an insertion sequencing-compatible mutant library of campylobacter jejuni.the advent of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled experimental approaches to characterize large, complex populations of dna molecules with high resolution. included among these are methods to assess populations of transposon insertion libraries for the fitness cost of any particular mutant allele after applying selection to a population. these approaches have proven invaluable for identifying genetic factors that influence survival of bacterial pathogens within different environmen ...201727885613
genome-wide identification of host-segregating epidemiological markers for source attribution in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter is among the most common worldwide causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. this organism is part of the commensal microbiota of numerous host species, including livestock, and these animals constitute potential sources of human infection. molecular typing approaches, especially multilocus sequence typing (mlst), have been used to attribute the source of human campylobacteriosis by quantifying the relative abundance of alleles at seven mlst loci among isolates from animal reservoirs an ...201728115376
complete annotated genome sequences of three campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from naturally colonized farm-raised chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterially derived foodborne illness. human illness is commonly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. three c. jejuni strains were isolated from cecal contents of three different naturally colonized farm-raised chickens. the complete genomes of these three isolates are presented here.201728126931
use of the potential probiotic strain lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers.campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in the eu since 2005. as chicken meat is the main source of contamination, reducing the level of campylobacter in broiler chicken will lower the risk to consumers. the aim of this project was to evaluate the ability of lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers and to investigate the mechanisms that could be involved. thirty broilers artificially contaminated with c. jejuni were treated ...201727432696
epidemiological relationships of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans and chickens in south korea.thirty-nine human isolates of campylobacter jejuni obtained from a national university hospital during 2007-2010 and 38 chicken isolates of c. jejuni were collected from poultry farms during 2009-2010 in south korea were used in this study. campylobacter genomic species and virulence-associated genes were identified by pcr. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) were performed to compare their genetic relationships. all isolates were highly resistant to cip ...201728035601
campylobacter jejuni transducer like proteins: chemotaxis and beyond.chemotaxis, a process that mediates directional motility toward or away from chemical stimuli (chemoeffectors/ligands that can be attractants or repellents) in the environment, plays an important role in the adaptation of campylobacter jejuni to disparate niches. the chemotaxis system consists of core signal transduction proteins and methyl-accepting-domain-containing transducer like proteins (tlps). ligands binding to tlps relay a signal to chemotaxis proteins in the cytoplasm which initiate a ...201728080213
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