Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| a 19-nucleotide insertion in the leader sequence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j contributes to its replication in vitro but is not related to its pathogenicity in vivo. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) was first isolated from meat-type chickens that had developed myeloid leukosis and since 2008, alv-j infections in chickens have become widespread in china. a comparison of the sequence of alv-j epidemic isolates with hprs-103, the alv-j prototype virus, revealed several distinct features, one of which is a 19-nucleotide (nt) insertion in the leader sequence. to determine the role of the 19-nt insertion in alv-j pathogenicity, a pair of viruses were constr ... | 2014 | 24465434 |
| immunoregulatory effects of taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on chicks co-infected with avian leukosis virus and bordetella avium early in ovo. | in recent years, co-infection of chicken embryos with immunosuppressive viruses and bacteria occurs with an annually increasing frequency. consequently, studies on new and safe immunoregulators, especially plant polysaccharides, have become a popular topic in the poultry industry. in the present study, we selected 300 specific pathogen free embryonated eggs, which were injected with subgroup b avian leukosis virus (alv-b) and bordetella avium (b. avium) to establish an artificial co-infection mo ... | 2014 | 24508082 |
| skin involvement in lymphomas caused by marek's disease virus infection in silkie chickens. | the silkie is a typical chinese breed of chicken. in 2012, batches of silkies were found to have diffuse tumor-like nodules on their skin after feather removal, when they were slaughtered at about 60 days old. gross examination showed no visible neoplastic lesions on the visceral organs and peripheral nerves, except slight splenomegaly in individual chickens. the disease was prevalent, with high condemnation rates for skin lesions, which caused great economic losses to the company. tissues, incl ... | 2014 | 24583947 |
| generation and evaluation of avian leukosis virus subgroup j envelope glycoprotein recombinant pseudovirions. | retroviral and lentiviral vector pseudotypes (based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) have been used for stable and safe gene transfer because of their broad host ranges and high mechanical strength. in the present study, a recombinant avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) polypeptide pseudotyped with lentivirus membrane glycoproteins gp85 and gp37, hiv/env-alv, was generated, characterized in vitro and evaluated for its ability to infect natural host cells. we optimized the newly ... | 2014 | 24589516 |
| an outbreak of lymphomas in a layer chicken flock previously infected with fowlpox virus containing integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus. | visceral lymphomas occurred in a 236-day-old layer flock previously diagnosed with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)-integrated fowlpox virus (fpv) infection at the age of 77 days. common pathologic lesions were multiple neoplastic nodules of homogeneous lymphocytes in the livers and spleens of all submitted chickens. all neoplastic tissues were positive for the rev envelope (env) gene by pcr. in a retrospective molecular study of fpv-infected 77-day-old chickens from the same flock, we identifi ... | 2013 | 24597128 |
| liposomes containing recombinant gp85 protein vaccine against alv-j in chickens. | to study the potential of liposome vaccines in the clinical prevention of alv-j, the effect of recombinant gp85 protein of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) entrapped by liposomes in chickens against alv-j infection was investigated in this paper. a recombinant plasmid (pet28a-gp85) containing the pet28a vector and gp85 gene was constructed and then expressed in rosetta (de3) cells with 0.5mm iptg to produce recombinant gp85 proteins that could be entrapped by liposomes through reverse-pha ... | 2014 | 24625339 |
| role of virus-encoded micrornas in avian viral diseases. | with total dependence on the host cell, several viruses have adopted strategies to modulate the host cellular environment, including the modulation of microrna (mirna) pathway through virus-encoded mirnas. several avian viruses, mostly herpesviruses, have been shown to encode a number of novel mirnas. these include the highly oncogenic marek's disease virus-1 (26 mirnas), avirulent marek's disease virus-2 (36 mirnas), herpesvirus of turkeys (28 mirnas), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (10 mir ... | 2014 | 24662606 |
| transcription analysis of the response of chicken bursa of fabricius to avian leukosis virus subgroup j strain js09gy3. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) causes tumours and immunosuppression in chickens. the host-alv interactions at the transcriptional level are unknown. in this study, gene expression profiling was performed to analyse the bursa response induced by alv-j strain js09gy3 in chickens. | 2014 | 24680656 |
| gene detection, virus isolation, and sequence analysis of avian leukosis viruses in taiwan country chickens. | avian leukosis virus (alv) infection in taiwan country chickens (tccs) was investigated by using gene detection, virus isolation, and sequence analysis. the blood samples of 61 tcc flocks at market ages from a slaughter house were screened for exogenous alvs using polymerase chain reaction to investigate the alv infection status. the buffy coats from three breeder and four commercial chicken flocks were cocultured with df-1 cells to isolate the virus. the full proviral dna genomes of two alv iso ... | 2013 | 24689170 |
| gga-mir-375 plays a key role in tumorigenesis post subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection. | avian leukosis is a neoplastic disease caused in part by subgroup j avian leukosis virus j (alv-j). micro ribonucleic acids (mirnas) play pivotal oncogenic and tumour-suppressor roles in tumour development and progression. however, little is known about the potential role of mirnas in avian leukosis tumours. we have found a novel tumour-suppressor mirna, gga-mir-375, associated with avian leukosis tumorigenesis by mirna microarray in a previous report. we have also previously studied the biologi ... | 2014 | 24694742 |
| chicken biliary exosomes enhance cd4(+)t proliferation and inhibit alv-j replication in liver. | exosomes, which are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, carry lipids, rna/mirnas, and proteins and have immune modulatory functions. in this study, we isolated exosomes from the bile of specific pathogen-free chickens, 42-43 days of age, by using an ultracentrifugation and filtration method. the density of the exosomes, isolated by sucrose gradient fractionation, was between 1.13 and 1.19 g/ml. electron microscopic observation of the liver showed that exosomes were present in the space ... | 2014 | 24697699 |
| detection and molecular characterization of j subgroup avian leukosis virus in wild ducks in china. | to assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) in wild ducks in china, we examined samples from 528 wild ducks, representing 17 species, which were collected in china over the past 3 years. virus isolation and pcr showed that 7 alv-j strains were isolated from wild ducks. the env genes and the 3'utrs from these isolates were cloned and sequenced. the env genes of all 7 wild duck isolates were significantly different from those in the prototype strain hprs-103, american strains, ... | 2014 | 24733260 |
| a rapid profiling assay for avian leukosis virus subgroup e proviruses in chickens. | endogenous retroviral elements (ervs) are prolific components of the genomes of complex species, typically occupying more sequence space than do essential, protein-encoding genes. much of what we know today about the structure and function, as well as the evolution and pathogenic potential, of ervs was fleshed out over several decades during the last century using the avian leukosis virus subgroup e-related (alve) family of endogenous retroviruses of chickens as a model system. a critical enabli ... | 2014 | 24758110 |
| avian gyrovirus 2 and avirulent newcastle disease virus coinfection in a chicken flock with neurologic symptoms and high mortalities. | a disease with severe neurologic symptoms caused 100% mortality in a small broiler operation in the gauteng province, south africa in late march 2013. routine diagnostic pcr testing failed to identify a possible cause of the outbreak; thus, samples were submitted for virus isolation, serology, and bacteriology. an avirulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) strain isolated was identified as a v4-like genotype 1 strain, by dna sequencing, with a cleavage site of 112gkqgr decrease l117. real-time reve ... | 2014 | 24758119 |
| molecular characteristics of the complete genome of a j-subgroup avian leukosis virus strain isolated from eurasian teal in china. | the j-subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-j) strain wb11098j was isolated from a wild eurasian teal, and its proviral genomic sequences were determined. the complete proviral sequence of wb11098j was 7868 nt long. wb11098j was 95.3.9 % identical to the prototype strain hprs-103, 94.2 % identical to the american strain adol-7501, 94.5-94.7 % identical to chinese broiler isolates, 94.8-97.5 % identical to layer chicken isolates, and 94.4-95.0 % identical to chinese local chicken isolates at the nuc ... | 2014 | 24854142 |
| analysis by high throughput sequencing of specific pathogen free eggs. | specific pathogen free (spf) embryonated eggs are used for the production of many veterinary and human vaccines. we have used high throughput sequencing to screen allantoic fluids and embryos for the presence of encapsidated viral genomes and viral transcripts, respectively. spf eggs from two different producers were tested. we evidenced sequences corresponding to known endogenous retroviruses and sequences of avian leukosis virus, but no sequence that might suggest a productive infection of egg ... | 2014 | 24930452 |
| nhe1 gene associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection in chicken. | as a kind of binding protein, the type 1 na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe1) is a receptor for the highly pathogenic avian leukosis viruses-j subgroup (alv-j) in chicken. in order to investigate the potential effect of chicken nhe1 gene on leukosis, we compared its expression between alv-j-affected and -unaffected chicken, screened variations across the whole gene, and then performed association analysis with alv-j affected/unaffected trait in three un-related chicken populations. we found that the nhe1 ... | 2014 | 24985980 |
| polymorphism of avian leukosis virus subgroup e loci showing selective footprints in chicken. | avian leukosis virus subgroup e (alve) is a family of endogenous retroviruses in the chicken genome. to investigate the genetic consequences of chicken domestication, we analyzed 18 alve loci in red jungle fowls, layers, broilers, and chinese indigenous chickens. none of the alve loci tested were found in red jungle fowls, but 12 were present in domestic chickens. alve1 and alve16 are found in regions of the genome that harbor quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting egg production traits. alve1 ... | 2014 | 25007752 |
| genomic sequence analysis and biological characteristics of a rescued clone of avian leukosis virus strain js11c1, isolated from indigenous chickens. | the strain js11c1, a member of a putative new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (alv) that is different from all six known subgroups from chickens based on gp85 amino acid sequence comparison, was isolated from chinese native chicken breeds in 2012. in order to further study the genome structure, biological characteristics, and the evolutionary relationship of the virus with others of known subgroups from infected chickens, we determined the complete genome sequence, constructed an infectious clo ... | 2014 | 25009192 |
| synergetic effects of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus co-infection on growth retardation and immunosuppression in spf chickens. | to further understand the effect of co-infection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in specific-pathogen-free (spf) white leghorn chickens, the experiment was made to study the pathogenicity, the weight of body and immune organs, response to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus subtype h9 (aiv-h9) vaccination. chickens were randomly divided into four groups, which includes injection groups (rev, alv-j, rev plus alv-j), and negative ... | 2014 | 25042879 |
| astrocytic growth through the autocrine/paracrine production of il-1β in the early infectious phase of fowl glioma-inducing virus. | fowl glioma is characterized morphologically by multiple nodular astrocytic growth with disseminated non-suppurative encephalitis. the disease is caused by fowl glioma-inducing virus (fgv) and its variants, belonging to subgroup a of avian leukosis virus (alv-a). fifty-seven fgv variants have so far been isolated from japanese fowls and these variants have a variable degree of glioma inducibility. however, how these alvs induce glioma with different degrees and frequencies has not been fully elu ... | 2014 | 25117822 |
| single nucleotide polymorphism variants within tva and tvb receptor genes in chinese chickens. | avian leukosis is an immunosuppressive neoplastic disease caused by avian leukosis viruses (alv), which causes tremendous economic losses in the worldwide poultry industry. the susceptibility or resistance of chicken cells to subgroup a alv and subgroup b, d, and e alv are determined by the receptor genes tumor virus locus a (tva) and tumor virus locus b (tvb), respectively. four genetic resistant loci (tva(r1), tva(r2), tva(r3), and tva(r4)) in tva receptor gene and a genetic resistant locus tv ... | 2014 | 25125563 |
| the genome of the chicken dt40 bursal lymphoma cell line. | the chicken dt40 cell line is a widely used model system in the study of multiple cellular processes due to the efficiency of homologous gene targeting. the cell line was derived from a bursal lymphoma induced by avian leukosis virus infection. in this study we characterized the genome of the cell line using whole genome shotgun sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism array hybridization. the results indicate that wild-type dt40 has a relatively normal karyotype, except for whole chromosom ... | 2014 | 25227228 |
| an avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolate with a rous sarcoma virus-like 5'-ltr shows enhanced replication capability. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) was first isolated from meat-producing chickens that had developed myeloid leukosis. however, alv-j infections associated with hemangiomas have occurred in egg-producing (layer) flocks in china. in this study, we identified an alv-j layer isolate (hlj13sh01) as a recombinant of alv-j and a rous sarcoma virus schmidt-ruppin b strain (rsv-srb), which contained the rsv-srb 5'-ltr and the other genes of alv-j. replication kinetic testing indicated that the hlj ... | 2015 | 25274857 |
| avian oncogenic virus differential diagnosis in chickens using oligonucleotide microarray. | avian oncogenic viruses include the avian leukosis virus (alv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and marek's disease virus (mdv). multiple oncogenic viral infections are frequently seen, with even marek's disease vaccines reported to be contaminated with alv and rev. the gross lesions caused by avian oncogenic viruses often overlap, making differentiation diagnosis based on histopathology difficult. the objective of this study is to develop a rapid approach to simultaneously differentiate, subg ... | 2014 | 25286179 |
| endogenous avian leukosis viral loci in the red jungle fowl genome assembly. | the current build (galgal4) of the genome of the ancestor of the modern chicken, the red jungle fowl, contains a single endogenous avian leukosis viral element (alve) on chromosome 1 (designated rsv-ltr; family ervk). the assembly shows the alve provirus juxtaposed with a member of a second family of avian endogenous retroviruses (designated ggerv20; family ervl); however, the status of the 3' end of the alve element as well as its flanking region remain unclear due to a gap in the reference gen ... | 2014 | 25306461 |
| further observations on serotype 2 marek's disease virus-induced enhancement of spontaneous avian leukosis virus-like bursal lymphomas in alva6 transgenic chickens. | breeders of the 2009 generation of avian disease and oncology laboratory transgenic chicken line alva6, known to be resistant to infection with subgroups a and e avian leukosis virus (alv), were vaccinated at hatch with a trivalent marek's disease (md) vaccine containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3 marek's disease virus (mdv) and were maintained under pathogen-free conditions from the day of hatch until 75 weeks of age. spontaneous alv-like bursal lymphomas, also termed lymphoid leukosis (ll)-like lym ... | 2015 | 25407937 |
| differential expression of immune-related cytokine genes in response to j group avian leukosis virus infection in vivo. | infection with j group avian leukosis virus (alv-j) can result in immunosuppression and subsequently increased susceptibility to secondary infection. the innate immune system is the first line defense system in prevention of further bacterial and viral infections. cytokines play key roles in the innate immune system. in this study, we used rt-qpcr technology to test the cytokine mrna expression levels in various immune tissues, including the spleen, bursa of fabricius and cecal tonsil, in the da ... | 2015 | 25438822 |
| mutations in and expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in egg-type chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the oncogenic effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), we examined mutations in and the expression of p53 in the myelocytomas distributed in the liver, spleen, trachea, and bone marrow, as well as in fibrosarcomas in the abdominal cavity and hemangiomas in skin from chickens that were naturally or experimentally infected with alv-j. two types of mutations in the p53 gene were detected in myelocytomas of both the experimentally infected and th ... | 2015 | 25445321 |
| immunomodulatory effects of taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide and propolis on immunosuppressed chickens. | co-infection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), which can cause suppressed immunity and vaccination failure, frequently occurs in chicken flocks in china. taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (tppps) and propolis (pp) have been proven to possess immune modulatory effects and improve the immune effects of vaccines. this study aimed to investigate the immune modulatory ability of tppps and pp on chickens co-infected with immunosuppressive vi ... | 2015 | 25450885 |
| synergistic pathogenic effects of co-infection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus in broiler chickens. | to study interactions between avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and the effects of co-infection on pathogenicity of these viruses, 1-day-old broiler chicks were infected with alv-j, rev or both alv-j and rev. the results indicated that co-infection of alv-j and rev induced more growth retardation and higher mortality rate than alv-j or rev single infection (p < 0.05). chickens co-infected with alv-j and rev also showed more severe immunosuppression tha ... | 2015 | 25484188 |
| lack of evidence that avian oncogenic viruses are infectious for humans: a review. | chickens may be infected with three different oncogenic viruses: avian leukosis virus (alv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv). several epidemiological studies have suggested a link between these viruses and different types of cancer in people working in poultry processing plants and with multiple sclerosis. in this article, we analyze the epidemiological evidence that these viruses are causative agents for human cancer, followed by description of the relev ... | 2014 | 25518427 |
| a recombinant avian leukosis virus subgroup j for directly monitoring viral infection and the selection of neutralizing antibodies. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) has induced serious clinical outbreaks and has become a serious infectious disease of chickens in china. we describe here the creation of a recombinant alv-j tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (named rhprs-103egfp). we successfully utilize the rhprs-103egfp to visualize viral infection and for development of a simplified serum-neutralization test. | 2014 | 25522008 |
| molecular characterization of 3'utrs of j subgroup avian leukosis virus in passerine birds in china. | to assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection in passerine birds in china, 365 passerine birds collected from northeast china from 2011 to 2013 were tested, and two alv-j strains were isolated from yellow-browed warbler and marsh tit. the 3'untranslated regions (3'utrs) of the two strains were amplified, cloned, and sequenced, with the results showing that the 3'utrs of the two strains contained multiple mutations and deletions, which are similar to viral strains isol ... | 2015 | 25577165 |
| identification of novel viral receptors with cell line expressing viral receptor-binding protein. | the viral cell receptors and infection can be blocked by the expression of the viral receptor-binding protein. thus, the viral cell receptor is an attractive target for anti-viral strategies, and the identification of viral cell receptor is critical for better understanding and controlling viral disease. as a model system for viral entry and anti-retroviral approaches, avian sarcoma/leukosis virus (aslv, including the a-j ten subgroups) has been studied intensively and many milestone discoveries ... | 2015 | 25604889 |
| antibody responses induced by recombinant alv-a gp85 protein vaccine combining with cpg-odn adjuvant in breeder hens and the protection for their offspring against early infection. | to observe the antibody responses induced by recombinant a subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-a) gp85 protein vaccine plus cpg-odn adjuvant and the protection of maternal antibodies (mabs) for the hatched chickens against early infection, the gp85 gene was amplified from the proviral cdna of alv-a-sdau09c1 strain using pcr and the recombinant plasmid containing target gene was constructed and expressed in escherichiacoli. the expressed product was confirmed using sds-page and western blot that i ... | 2015 | 25637708 |
| identification of a novel b-cell epitope specific for avian leukosis virus subgroup j gp85 protein. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that has caused severe economic losses in china. gp85 protein is the main envelope protein and the most variable structural protein of alv-j. it is also involved in virus neutralization. in this study, a specific monoclonal antibody, 4a3, was produced against the alv-j gp85 protein. immunofluorescence assays showed that 4a3 could react with different strains of alv-j, including the british prototype isolate hprs103, the ame ... | 2015 | 25655260 |
| the met gene is a common integration target in avian leukosis virus subgroup j-induced chicken hemangiomas. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is a simple retrovirus that can cause hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens and is currently a major economic problem in asia. here we characterize alv-j strain pdrc-59831, a newly studied u.s. isolate of alv-j. five-day-old chicken embryos were infected with this virus, and the chickens developed myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas within 2 months after hatching. to investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis, we employed high-throughput sequencing to ana ... | 2015 | 25673726 |
| diagnosis and sequence analysis of avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolated from chinese partridge shank chickens. | the diagnosis of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection in chinese partridge shank chickens was confirmed by necropsy, histopathological examinations, antibody tests, viral isolation, immunofluorescence assays, and sequence analysis. myelocytoma, myeloma, and fibrosarcoma were simultaneously found in partridge shank flock with alv-j infection. sequence analysis of the env genes of alv-j demonstrated that both gp85 and gp37 were highly homologous among the three strains from local chic ... | 2015 | 25713393 |
| complete genome sequence of an american avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolate that causes hemangiomas and myeloid leukosis. | we report the complete genome sequence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) isolate pdrc-59831, which causes myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas in chickens. this is an american alv-j isolate, which was found in a 38-week-old broiler breeder chicken on a farm in georgia in 2007. | 2015 | 25858851 |
| synergistic inhibition of avian leukosis virus subgroup j replication by mirna-embedded sirna interference of double-target. | the diseases caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) has become a serious problem in the poultry. due to largely ineffective vaccines, new control measures are needed to be developed. rna interference (rnai) has been developed a promising measure for antivirus in poultry. | 2015 | 25889403 |
| development and application of sybr green i real-time pcr assay for the separate detection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and multiplex detection of avian leukosis virus subgroups a and b. | subgroup a, b, and j alvs are the most prevalent avian leukosis virus (alv). our study attempted to develop two sybr green i-based real-time pcr (rt-pcr) assays for specific detection of alv subgroup j (alv-j) and multiplex detection of alv subgroups a and b (alv-a/b), respectively. | 2015 | 25889925 |
| development and evaluation of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of capsid protein antigen p27 of avian leukosis virus. | a rapid immunochromatographic strip for detecting capsid protein antigen p27 of avian leukosis virus was successfully developed based on two high-affinity monoclonal antibodies. the test strip could detect not only 600pg purified recombinant p27 protein but also quantified avian leukosis virus as low as 70 tcid50, which has comparative sensitivity to the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. for the evaluation of this test strip, 1100 samples consisting of cloacal swabs, meco ... | 2015 | 25977186 |
| microrna-23b promotes avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) replication by targeting irf1. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) can cause several different leukemia-like proliferative diseases in the hemopoietic system of chickens. here, we investigated the transcriptome profiles and mirna expression profiles of alv-j-infected and uninfected chicken spleens to identify the genes and mirnas related to alv-j invasion. in total, 252 genes and 167 mirnas were differentially expressed in alv-j-infected spleens compared to control uninfected spleens. mir-23b expression was up-regulated i ... | 2015 | 25980475 |
| pathotyping of recent indian field isolates of marek's disease virus serotype 1. | a study was undertaken to assess the virulence of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 1 field isolates obtained from poultry flocks of southern part of india. five representative mdv serotype 1 strains were isolated from eighty-six blood samples collected from fifteen farms. three out of five isolates which were free from avian leukosis virus (alv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were adapted in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) culture and designated as ind/tn/11/01, ind/ka/12/02 and ind/t ... | 2015 | 26104332 |
| evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup j in chickens. | the intricate sequence and antigenic variability of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) have led to unprecedented difficulties in the development of vaccines. much experimental evidence demonstrates that alv-j mutants have caused immune evasion and pose a challenge for traditional efforts to develop effective vaccines. to investigate the potential of a multi-epitope vaccination strategy to prevent chickens against alv-j infections, a recombinant chimeric multi-epitope protein x (rcmepx) cont ... | 2015 | 26196055 |
| influence of avian leukosis virus long terminal repeat on biological activities of marek's disease virus. | gx0101 was the first reported field strain of recombinant marek's disease virus (mdv) that contained a long terminal repeat (ltr) from the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). it is a very virulent mdv strain, with relatively high horizontal transmission ability. the rev ltr in gx0101 genome was proved to decrease the pathogenicity but increase the potential for horizontal transmission of the virus. here we constructed a recombinant mdv gx0101-alv-ltr to study stability of avian leukosis virus (al ... | 2015 | 26274570 |
| genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of eav-hp integration in domestic chicken. | eav-hp is an ancient retrovirus pre-dating gallus speciation, which continues to circulate in modern chicken populations, and led to the emergence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. we mapped eav-hp integration sites in ethiopian village chickens, a silkie, taiwan country chicken, red junglefowl gallus gallus and several inbred experimental lines using whole-genome sequence data. | 2015 | 26466991 |
| rapid detection of the common avian leukosis virus subgroups by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | subgroups a, b, e and j are the major subgroups of avian leukosis virus (alv) infecting chickens. alv infection has become endemic in china and has a significant negative effect on the poultry industry. consequently, there is an urgent need for a specific, sensitive and rapid method for diagnosis and eradication of alv. therefore, we developed a simple and rapid real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) reaction for the timely detection of the common alv subgroups, whereby the ampl ... | 2015 | 26596553 |
| lamivudine inhibits the replication of alv-j associated acutely transforming virus and its helper virus and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. | to study the antiviral effects of lamivudine on avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) and its inhibitory effect on the growth of fibrosarcomas caused by acute transforming avian leukosis virus, a series of experiments were performed in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures and 1-day-old chickens inoculated with an acutely transforming viral stock fu-j (sdau1005). this stock was prepared from an acutely fibrosarcoma of field cases in chicken farms and contained both the replication-defective virus ... | 2015 | 26648914 |
| common viral integration sites identified in avian leukosis virus-induced b-cell lymphomas. | avian leukosis virus (alv) induces b-cell lymphoma and other neoplasms in chickens by integrating within or near cancer genes and perturbing their expression. four genes--myc, myb, mir-155, and tert--have previously been identified as common integration sites in these virus-induced lymphomas and are thought to play a causal role in tumorigenesis. in this study, we employ high-throughput sequencing to identify additional genes driving tumorigenesis in alv-induced b-cell lymphomas. in addition to ... | 2015 | 26670384 |
| role of gga-mir-221 and gga-mir-222 during tumour formation in chickens infected by subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) causes a neoplastic disease in infected chickens. differential expression patterns of micrornas (mirnas) are closely related to the formation and growth of tumors. (1) background: this study was undertaken to understand how mirnas might be related to tumor growth during alv-j infection. we chose to characterize the effects of mir-221 and mir-222 on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis based on previous microarray data. (2) methods: in vivo, the exp ... | 2015 | 26690468 |
| avian leukosis virus in indigenous chicken breeds, china. | 2015 | 26714782 | |
| exogenous avian leukosis virus-induced activation of the erk/ap1 pathway is required for virus replication and correlates with virus-induced tumorigenesis. | a proteomics approach was used to reveal the up-regulated proteins involved in the targeted mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction pathway in df-1 cells after alv subgroup j (alv-j) infection. next, we found that alv-j chn06 strain infection of df-1 cells correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (erk2) activation, which was mainly induced within 15 min, a very early stage of infection, and at a late infection stage, from 108 h to 132 h post-infection. infectio ... | 2016 | 26754177 |
| subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection of chicken dendritic cells induces apoptosis via the aberrant expression of micrornas. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes immunosuppression and enhances susceptibility to secondary infection. the innate immune system is the first line of defense in preventing bacterial and viral infections, and dendritic cells (dcs) play important roles in innate immunity. because bone marrow is an organ that is susceptible to alv-j, the virus may influence the generation of bone marrow-derived dcs. in this study, dcs cultured in vitro were used to inves ... | 2016 | 26830017 |
| identification of avian leukosis virus subgroup j-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying the v-src oncogene in layer chickens. | to elucidate the molecular basis for the rapid oncogenicity of an acutely transforming avian leukosis virus (alv), isolated from fibrosarcomas in hy-line brown commercial layer chickens infected with alv subgroup j (alv-j), the complete genomic structure of the provirus was determined. in addition to alv-j replication-complete virus sdau1102, five proviral dna genomes, named sj-1, sj-2, sj-3, sj-4 and sj-5, carrying different lengths of the v-src oncogene were amplified from original tumours and ... | 2016 | 26842006 |
| detection of exogenous and endogenous avian leukosis virus in commercial chicken eggs using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction assay. | avian leukosis retroviruses (alv) cause lymphomas and other cancers in chickens. previous studies have used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifa) to detect alv p27 group-specific antigens (gsa) in commercial chicken eggs. in the poultry industry eradication programme against exogenous alv, elisa assays are used to identify chickens infected with the virus. the inability of elisa and ifa assays to discriminate between alv gsa of endogenous or exog ... | 1999 | 26905496 |
| tropism of subgroup j avian leukosis virus as detected by in situ hybridization. | the hprs-103 strain of avian retrovirus is the prototype of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and causes myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. using immunohistochemical detection of the viral groupspecific antigen (gag) we have previously demonstrated that the induction of myeloid leukosis by alv-j is associated with viral tropism for myelomonocytic cells. in this paper we describe an in situ hybridization (ish) technique using digoxigenin (dig)-labelled probes for detecting rna transcri ... | 1999 | 26911502 |
| natural unusual myeloblastosis in a budgerigar (melopsittacus undulatus): histopathologic diagnosis. | the subgroup j avian leukosis virus favors the myelocytic series cells and causes myeloid leukosis (myeloblastosis and myelocytomatosis). natural cases of myeloblastosis (myeloblastic myeloid leukosis) are uncommon and usually occur in adult chickens. this paper describes clinical signs and gross and histopathologic features of myeloblastosis in an adult female budgerigar (melopsittacus undulatus) that was infected naturally. at necropsy, the spleen was greatly enlarged (enlarged seven or eight ... | 2016 | 26953949 |
| isolation and pathogenic analysis of virulent marek's disease virus field strain in china. | marek's disease (md) has become increasingly common in china, resulting in considerable economic loss. the etiological agent is unclear. in this study, we isolated a field md virus (mdv) strain, designated sx1301, from cvi988/rispens-vaccinated chickens with tumors. co-infection of avian leukosis virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, and chicken infectious anemia virus was excluded by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, dna blotting hybridization, and indirect immunofluor ... | 2016 | 26976907 |
| genetic diversity of nhe1, receptor for subgroup j avian leukosis virus, in domestic chicken and wild anseriform species. | j subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infects domestic chicken, jungle fowl, and turkey and enters the host cell through a receptor encoded by tvj locus and identified as na+/h+ exchanger 1 (nhe1). the resistance to alv-j in a great majority of examined galliform species was explained by deletions or substitutions of the critical tryptophan 38 in the first extracellular loop of nhe1, and genetic polymorphisms around this site predict the susceptibility or resistance of a given species or indiv ... | 2016 | 26978658 |
| expression of the env gene from the avian endogenous retrovirus alve and regulation by mir-155. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are important retroelements that reside in host genomes. however, erv expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. in this study, chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) and msb1 cells infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) exhibited significantly increased expression of env from the endogenous retrovirus alve. in contrast, env expression was significantly lower in cef and msb1 cells infected with exogenous avian leukosis virus j (alvj) at the ... | 2016 | 27016933 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j induces its receptor--chnhe1 up-regulation. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus which causes immunosuppression and neoplasia in meat-type and egg-type chickens. alv-j infects host cells via specific interaction between the viral env and the cell surface receptor -chicken sodium hydrogen exchanger type 1 (chnhe1). nhe1 involved in altering the cellular ph and playing a critical role in tumorigenesis. however, little is known about the other relationship between alv-j and chnhe1. | 2016 | 27039379 |
| gene expression changes in chicken nlrc5 signal pathway associated with in vitro avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection. | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (nlrs) play a key role in the innate immune response as pattern-recognition receptors. however, the role of nlrc5, which is a member of the nlr family, in nf-κb activation and mhc-i expression remains debatable. infection with the j group avian leukosis virus (alv-j) can result in immunosuppression and a subsequent increase in susceptibility to secondary infection. this results in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. usi ... | 2016 | 27050957 |
| karyotype analysis of the acute fibrosarcoma from chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus associated with v-src oncogene. | to understand the cytogenetic characteristics of acute fibrosarcoma in chickens infected with the subgroup j avian leukosis virus associated with the v-src oncogene, we performed a karyotype analysis of fibrosarcoma cell cultures. twenty-nine of 50 qualified cell culture spreads demonstrated polyploidy of some macrochromosomes, 21 of which were trisomic for chromosome 7, and others were trisomic for chromosomes 3, 4, 5 (sex chromosome w), and 10. in addition, one of them was trisomic for both ch ... | 2016 | 27100152 |
| emergence of reticuloendotheliosis virus in pigeons in guangdong province, southern china. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), an important immunosuppressive pathogen, has many hosts, including chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, and wild birds. clinically, rev may lead to increased susceptibility to other pathogens, resulting in serious tissue damage (especially tumors) and the death of its host. in this study, we encountered a disease outbreak resulting in a large number of deaths of pigeons in guangdong province, southern china. histopathological analysis revealed apparent tumor-like l ... | 2016 | 27120185 |
| innate immune responses in alv-j infected chicks and chickens with hemangioma in vivo. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. since the precise mechanism of the innate immune response induced by alv-j is unknown, we investigated the antiviral innate immune responses induced by alv-j in chicks and chickens that had developed tumors. spleen levels of interleukin-6 (il-6), il-10, il-1β, and interferon-β (ifn-β) were not significantly different between the infected chick groups and the control groups from 1 day post hatch to 7 days po ... | 2016 | 27252695 |
| [cross-species transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup j]. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an avian retrovirus that can induce myelocytomas. a high-frequency mutation in gene envelope endows alv-j with the potential for cross-species transmission. we wished to ascertain if the alv-j can spread across species under selection pressure in susceptible and resistant hosts. first, we inoculated (in turn) two susceptible host birds (specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens and turkeys). then, we inoculated three resistant hosts (pheasants, quails and d ... | 2016 | 27295883 |
| evaluation of a chimeric multi-epitope-based dna vaccine against subgroup j avian leukosis virus in chickens. | the prokaryotic expressed recombinant chimeric multi-epitope protein x (rcmepx) had been evaluated with good immunogenicity and protective efficacy against subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) in our previous study. in the present research, we cloned the chimeric multi-epitope gene x into the eukaryotic expression vector pvax1 to evaluate its potency as a dna vaccine. the purified recombinant gp85 protein and rcmepx were used as positive controls and a dna prime-protein boost strategy was als ... | 2016 | 27318415 |
| infection of chicken bone marrow mononuclear cells with subgroup j avian leukosis virus inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and alters cytokine expression. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus known to induce tumor formation and immunosuppression in infected chickens. one of the organs susceptible to alv-j is the bone marrow, from which specialized antigen-presenting cells named dendritic cells (bm-dcs) are derived. notably, these cells possess the unique ability to induce primary immune responses. in the present study, a method of cultivating and purifying dcs from chicken bone marrow in vitro was established to inves ... | 2016 | 27349993 |
| discovery of an expanded set of avian leukosis subroup e proviruses in chickens using vermillion, a novel sequence capture and analysis pipeline. | transposable elements (tes), such as endogenous retroviruses (ervs), are common in the genomes of vertebrates. ervs result from retroviral infections of germ-line cells, and once integrated into host dna they become part of the host's heritable genetic material. ervs have been ascribed positive effects on host physiology such as the generation of novel, adaptive genetic variation and resistance to infection, as well as negative effects as agents of tumorigenesis and disease. the avian leukosis v ... | 2016 | 27354549 |
| recombinant chicken interferon-alpha inhibits the replication of exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) in df-1 cells. | chickeninterferon alpha (chifnα) belongs to type i ifns that are important antiviral cytokines. we investigated whether chifnα plays a role in avian leukosis virus (alv) infections of chickens. firstly, we explored the immune response to alv in vivo by measuring cytokine expression profiles in the spleens and bursas of chickens during the late stages of alv-j infection. the results indicated that alv-j infection could induce a mixed th1/th2 cytokine response by elevating levels of both interleuk ... | 2016 | 27372921 |
| isolation, identification and evolution analysis of a novel subgroup of avian leukosis virus isolated from a local chinese yellow broiler in south china. | avian leukosis virus (alv) causes high mortality associated with tumor formation and decreased fertility, and results in major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. recently, a putative novel alv subgroup virus named alv-k was observed in chinese local chickens. in this study, a novel alv strain named gd14lz was isolated from a chinese local yellow broiler in 2014. the proviral genome was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. the replication ability and pathogenicity of this viru ... | 2016 | 27422398 |
| synergy of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and eimeria tenella to increase pathogenesis in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | to investigate the effects of co-infections of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and eimeria tenella on the pathogenesis in specific-pathogen-free (spf) white leghorn chickens, groups of chickens were infected with alv-j strain nx0101 at one day of age or with e. tenella at 14 days of age or both. the control group was left uninfected and was mock-inoculated with phosphate buffer saline (pbs). mortality rates, body weights, cecal lesions, and viremia of infected chickens in each group were ... | 2016 | 27436443 |
| identification of a linear b-cell epitope on the avian leukosis virus p27 protein using monoclonal antibodies. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can induce various clinical tumors. the capsid protein p27 is the group-specific antigen of alv and has many viral antigen sites that are easy to detect. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab), 3a9, that is specific for the p27 protein. a series of partially overlapping peptides were screened to define (181)ppsar(185) as the minimal linear epitope recognized by mab 3a9. the identified epitope could be recognized by ... | 2016 | 27438076 |
| genomic diversity of the avian leukosis virus subgroup j gp85 gene in different organs of an infected chicken. | the genomic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) was investigated in an experimentally infected chicken. alv-j variants in tissues from four different organs of the same bird were re-isolated in df-1 cells, and their gp85 gene was amplified and cloned. ten clones from each organ were sequenced and compared with the original inoculum strain, nx0101. the minimum homology of each organ ranged from 96.7 to 97.6%, and the lowest homology between organs was only 94.9%, which was much l ... | 2016 | 27456778 |
| molecular epidemiology of j-subgroup avian leukosis virus isolated from meat-type chickens in southern china between 2013 and 2014. | members of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) cause various diseases associated with tumor formation and decreased fertility, resulting in major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. to assess the status of alv-j infection in meat-type chickens in southern china, the molecular epidemiology of alv-j strains was investigated. a total of 265 clinical samples collected from southern china from 2013 to 2014 were investigated in this study for the presence of alv-j, which resulted in ... | 2016 | 27503348 |
| avian leukosis virus activation of an antisense rna upstream of tert in b-cell lymphomas. | avian leukosis virus (alv) induces tumors by integrating its proviral dna into the chicken genome and altering the expression of nearby genes via strong promoter and enhancer elements. viral integration sites that contribute to oncogenesis are selected in tumor cells. deep-sequencing analysis of b-cell lymphoma dna confirmed that the telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) gene promoter is a common alv integration target. twenty-six unique proviral integration sites were mapped between 46 and 3, ... | 2016 | 27512065 |
| isolation and metagenomic identification of avian leukosis virus associated with mortality in broiler chicken. | avian leukosis virus (alv) belongs to the family retroviridae and causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. following an outbreak associated with high mortality in a broiler flock in northern part of malaysia, kidney tissues from affected chickens were submitted for virus isolation and identification in chicken embryonated egg and mdck cells. evidence of virus growth was indicated by haemorrhage and embryo mortality in egg culture. while viral growth in cell culture was eviden ... | 2016 | 27597865 |
| viral proliferation and expression of tumor-related gene in different chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with different tumorigenic phenotypes of avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) causes a neoplastic disease in infected chickens. the alv-j strain nx0101, which was isolated from broiler breeders in 2001, mainly induced formation of myeloid cell tumors. however, strain hn10py01, which was recently isolated from laying hens, mainly induces formation of myeloid cell tumors and hemangioma. to identify the molecular pathological mechanism underlying changes in host susceptibility and tumor classification induced by these two types of alv- ... | 2016 | 27609806 |
| rescue of avian leukosis subgroup-j-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying different lengths of the v-fps oncogene and analysis of their tumorigenicity. | in our previous study, six subgroup j strains of avian leukosis virus (alv-j)-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying different lengths of the v-fps oncogene, designated as fu-j and fu-j1-5, were isolated and characterized from fibrosarcomas in alv-j-infected chickens. in the present study, the oncogenic potential of fu-j and fu-j1-5 was investigated using a reverse genetics technique. six replication-defective viruses, named rfu-j and rfu-j1-5, were rescued with the replication-compete ... | 2016 | 27654667 |
| gadd45β, an anti-tumor gene, inhibits avian leukosis virus subgroup j replication in chickens. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is a retroviruses that induces neoplasia, hepatomegaly, immunosuppression and poor performance in chickens. the tumorigenic and pathogenic mechanisms of alv-j remain a hot topic. to explore anti-tumor genes that promote resistance to alv-j infection in chickens, we bred alv-j resistant and susceptible chickens (f3 generation). rna-sequencing (rna-seq) of liver tissue from the alv-j resistant and susceptible chickens identified 216 differentially expressed ... | 2016 | 27655697 |
| expression patterns of endogenous avian retrovirus alve1 and its response to infection with exogenous avian tumour viruses. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are genomic elements that are present in a wide range of vertebrates and have been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. however, the characteristic expression patterns of ervs, particularly in virus-induced tumours, is not fully clear. dna methylation was analysed by bisulfite pyrosequencing, and gene expression was analysed by rt-qpcr. in this study, we first found that the endogenous avian retrovirus alve1 was highly expressed in some chic ... | 2017 | 27686071 |
| gp85 genetic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup j among different individual chickens from a native flock. | to compare the genetic diversity and quasispecies evolution of avian leukosis virus (alv) among different individuals, 5 chickens, raised in shandong provice of china, were randomly selected from a local chicken flock associated with serious tumor cases. blood samples were collected and inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblast and df-1 cell lines for virus isolation and identification, respectively, of marek's disease virus (mdv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and alv. five strains of alv ... | 2016 | 27794054 |
| altered expression of the mismatch repair genes in df-1 cells infected with the avian leukosis virus subgroup a. | the absence or deficiency of dna mismatch repair (mmr) activity results in microsatellite instability (msi) in cancer. the avian leukosis virus (alv) causes neoplastic disease in chickens. in this study, the status of mmr, msi, the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected in df-1 cells after avian leukosis virus subgroup a infection. flow cytometry analysis results indicated that there was no significant difference in cell apoptosis between the control and infected groups. the percentage of cells ... | 2016 | 27795899 |
| endogenous retrovirus ev21 dose not recombine with alv-j and induces the expression of isgs in the host. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. endogenous viruses integrate into host genomes and can recombine with exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv). in this study, we analyzed the interaction of endogenous retrovirus 21 (ev21) with the alv-j in late-feathering chinese yellow chicken. two alv-j strains m180 and k243 were isolated from late-feathering and fast-feathering chinese yellow chicken flocks, respectively. the env gene of the two strains sh ... | 2016 | 27826543 |
| recombinant marek's disease virus as a vector-based vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup j in chicken. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes considerable economic losses to the chicken industry in china. however, there is currently no effective vaccine to prevent alv-j infection. in order to reduce the losses caused by alv-j, we constructed two effective alv-j vaccines by inserting the alv-j (strain jl093-1) env or gag+env genes into the us2 gene of the marek's disease herpesviruses (mdv) by transfection of overlapping fosmid dnas, creating two recombin ... | 2016 | 27827933 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j induces vegf expression via nf-κb/pi3k-dependent il-6 production. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an oncogenic virus causing hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens. interleukin-6 (il-6) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory interleukin involved in many types of cancer. we previously demonstrated that il-6 expression was induced following alv-j infection in chickens. the aim of this study is to characterize the mechanism by which alv-j induces il-6 expression, and the role of il-6 in tumor development. our results demonstrate that alv-j infection ... | 2016 | 27852059 |
| identification of new world quails susceptible to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | the j subgroup of avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infects domestic chickens, jungle fowl, and turkeys. this virus enters the host cell through a receptor encoded by the tvj locus and identified as na(+)/h(+) exchanger 1. the resistance to avian leukosis virus subgroup j in a great majority of galliform species has been explained by deletions or substitutions of the critical tryptophan 38 in the first extracellular loop of na(+)/h(+) exchanger 1. because there are concerns of transspecies virus tran ... | 2017 | 27881654 |
| history of the first-generation marek's disease vaccines: the science and little-known facts. | shortly after the isolation of marek's disease (md) herpesvirus (mdv) in the late 1960s vaccines were developed in england, the united states, and the netherlands. biggs and associates at the houghton poultry research station (hprs) in england attenuated hprs-16, the first cell-culture-isolated mdv strain, by passaging hprs-16 in chick kidney cells. although hprs-16/att was the first commercially available vaccine, it never became widely used and was soon replaced by the fc126 strain of herpesvi ... | 2016 | 27902902 |
| gp85 protein vaccine adjuvanted with silica nanoparticles against alv-j in chickens. | this study focused on the effect of silica nanoparticles as adjuvant for vaccine applications comprised of gp85, a dominating structural protein of j subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-j), and which was evaluated by comparing with the responsiveness induced by that emulsified in freund adjuvant. thirty-six chickens were inoculated twice with gp85 adjuvanted with the silica nanoparticles or freund's adjuvant at the 2nd and 3rd week old. two weeks later, the inoculated chickens were challenged wit ... | 2017 | 27912987 |
| a deep sequencing reveals significant diversity among dominant variants and evolutionary dynamics of avian leukosis viruses in two infectious ecosystems. | as a typical retrovirus, the evolution of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) in different infectious ecosystems is not characterized, what we know is there are a cloud of diverse variants, namely quasispecies with considerable genetic diversity. this study is to explore the selection of infectious ecosystems on dominant variants and their evolutionary dynamics of alv-j between df1 cells and specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens. high-throughput sequencing platforms provide an approach for d ... | 2016 | 27993149 |
| efficacy of an autophagy-targeted dna vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | infection with the avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) can lead to neoplastic disease in chickens, inflicting significant economic losses to the poultry industry. recent reports have identified inhibitory effects of alv-j on autophagy, a process involving in innate and adaptive immunity. inspired by this connection between autophagy and immunity, we developed a novel dna vaccine against alv-j which includes co-administration of rapamycin to stimulate autophagy. to measure the efficacy of the ... | 2017 | 28049588 |
| growth retardation induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup j associated with down-regulated wnt/β-catenin pathway. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), an oncogenic retrovirus, induces growth retardation and neoplasia in chickens, leading to enormous economic losses in poultry industry. increasing evidences showed several signal pathways involved in alv-j infection. however, what signaling pathway involved in growth retardation is largely unknown. to explore the possible signaling pathway, we tested the cell proliferation and associated mirnas in alv-j infected cef cells by cck-8 and hiseq, respectively. ... | 2017 | 28065818 |
| immunity to avian leukosis virus: where are we now and what should we do? | avian leukosis virus (alv) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus causing enormous economic losses in the global poultry industry. although alv-related research has lasted for more than a century, there are no vaccines to protect chickens from alv infection. the interaction between chickens and alv remains not fully understood especially with regard to the host immunity. the current review provides an overview of our current knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity induced by alv infection. more impo ... | 2016 | 28066434 |
| transcriptional profiles in bursal b-lymphoid dt40 cells infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease in chickens. the virus mainly infects immature b lymphocytes in the bursa of fabricius (bf). chicken b cell line dt40, an avian leukosis virus-induced b cell line, supports very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) infection in vitro and thereby serves as a good model for investigating the infection and pathogenesis of this virus. however, a transcriptome-wide understanding of the interaction between vvibdv and b cell ... | 2017 | 28086922 |
| temporal changes of microrna gga-let-7b and gga-let-7i expression in chickens challenged with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | two important micrornas, gga-let-7b and gga-let-7i were examined for the relative expression in liver and bone marrow tissues from specific pathogen free chickens that were challenged either with gd1109 or nx0101 strain of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j). the gd1109 strain of alv-j reportedly causes hemangioma (he) and nx0101 reportedly causes myeloma (ml) in susceptible chickens. temporal changes of both gga-let-7b and gga-let-7i expression in alv-j infected chickens were observed in co ... | 2017 | 28190219 |
| mir-34b-5p suppresses melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) signaling pathway to promote avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j)-infected cells proliferaction and alv-j replication. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus that has a similar replication cycle to multiple viruses and therefore can be used as a model system for viral entry into host cells. however, there are few reports on the genes or micrornas (mirnas) that are responsible for the replication of alv-j. our previous mirna and rna sequencing data showed that the expression of mir-34b-5p was significantly upregulated in alv-j-infected chicken spleens compared to non-infected chicken s ... | 2017 | 28194372 |
| cooperative effects of immune enhancer tppps and different adjuvants on antibody responses induced by recombinant alv-j gp85 subunit vaccines in spf chickens. | to explore the antibody responses and protective effects induced by subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) gp85 protein vaccine plus different adjuvants (cpg and white oil adjuvant yf01) combined with the immune enhancer taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (tppps), we immunized spf chickens with the recombinant alv-j gp85 protein, along with different adjuvants and immune enhancer, which protected the chickens by inducing different levels of protective antibodies. results showed that ... | 2017 | 28237498 |
| novel avian leukosis viruses from domestic chicken breeds in mainland china. | two novel avian leukosis viruses (alvs) were isolated from 1380 whole blood samples taken from domestic chicken breeds in china. the two alvs were uniquely different from the env (envelope) genes of alv a-j and carried an ltr (long terminal repeat) cluster from alv-e. large scale sequence analysis further showed that these alvs (with different env and ltrs) were recently endemic in domestic chicken breeds in both china and japan. the emergence of these novel alvs is challenging the current alv e ... | 2017 | 28349354 |