Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| isolation and some characteristics of a subgroup j-like avian leukosis virus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens in the united states. | several subgroup j-like avian leukosis viruses (alv-js) were isolated from broiler breeder (bb) and commercial broiler flocks experiencing myeloid leukosis (ml) at 4 wk of age or older. in all cases, diagnosis of ml was based on the presence of typical gross and microscopic lesions in affected tissues. the isolates were classified as alv-j by 1) their ability to propagate in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) that are resistant to avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroups a and e (c/ae) and 2) positive ... | 1999 | 10494407 |
| genome structure and expression of the ev/j family of avian endogenous viruses. | we recently reported the identification of sequences in the chicken genome that show over 95% identity to the novel envelope gene of the subgroup j avian leukosis virus (s. j. benson, b. l. ruis, a. m. fadly, and k. f. conklin, j. virol. 72:10157-10164, 1998). based on the fact that the endogenous subgroup j-related env genes were associated with long terminal repeats (ltrs), we concluded that these ltr-env sequences defined a new family of avian endogenous viruses that we designated the ev/j fa ... | 1999 | 10364281 |
| evidence of avian leukosis virus subgroup e and endogenous avian virus in measles and mumps vaccines derived from chicken cells: investigation of transmission to vaccine recipients. | reverse transcriptase (rt) activity has been detected recently in all chicken cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines. a study of a vaccine manufactured in europe indicated that the rt is associated with particles containing endogenous avian retrovirus (eav-0) rna and originates from the chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef) used as a substrate for propagation of the vaccine. we investigated the origin of rt in measles and mumps vaccines from a u.s. manufacturer and confirm the presence of rt and ... | 1999 | 10364336 |
| novel endogenous retroviral sequences in the chicken genome closely related to hprs-103 (subgroup j) avian leukosis virus. | hprs-103, the prototype of avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup j, is a recently identified retrovirus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. although this virus shows high sequence identity to other alv subgroups within the gag and pol genes, its env gene is highly diverged (with only about 40% sequence identity) from other alv subgroups. on the other hand, the sequence of the env gene of hprs-103 was 75% identical to that of e51, a member of the eav family of endogenous avian r ... | 1999 | 9934710 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j: a rapidly evolving group of oncogenic retroviruses. | a strain of avian leukosis virus (alv) belonging to a new envelope subgroup j was isolated in the uk in 1988 from meat-type chickens. the disease caused by the members of this subgroup has since spread very rapidly worldwide and has become one of the major problems facing the broiler meat industry. molecular characterisation of hprs -103, the prototype of subgroup j, has shown that it has a structure of a typical alv with gag, pol and env genes. however the env gene was distinct from that of oth ... | 1999 | 10502478 |
| resistance to avian leukosis virus lymphomagenesis occurs subsequent to proviral c-myc integration. | most chicken strains are highly susceptible to avian leukosis virus (alv) induction of bursal lymphoma, involving proviral integration within the c-myc proto-oncogene, while certain strains are genetically resistant to lymphomagenesis. a nested pcr assay was developed to analyse the appearance of proviral c-myc integrations after alv infection of lymphoma-susceptible birds, and to determine whether these integrations arise in lymphoma-resistant birds. proviral c-myc integrations are detected in ... | 1999 | 9926935 |
| dynamics of protein 27 of avian leukosis virus and transforming growth factor beta2 in lymphoid leukosis susceptible and resistant broiler chicken breeding stock. | the dynamics of the serum concentration of protein 27 (p27) of avian leukosis virus and transforming growth factor beta2 (tgf-beta2) were compared during the period between 29 and 59 weeks of age in two flocks of broiler chicken breeding stock undergoing outbreaks of severe lymphoid leukosis (ll) associated with persistent high mortality (susceptible) and in another two flocks of breeding stock with the presence of avian leukosis virus in association with low mortality due to ll (resistant). the ... | 1999 | 10401723 |
| [avian leukosis: an old problem in a new coat: diagnostic possibilities and limitations]. | current problems in parent broiler chickens caused by the new avian leukosis virus subgroup j are described. the possibilities and limitations of diagnosing avian leukosis, and in particular that caused by the j subgroup virus, are reviewed and the eradication of the disease is discussed. | 1999 | 10488520 |
| soluble forms of the subgroup a avian leukosis virus [alv(a)] receptor tva significantly inhibit alv(a) infection in vitro and in vivo. | the interactions between the subgroup a avian leukosis virus [alv(a)] envelope glycoproteins and soluble forms of the alv(a) receptor tva were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo by quantitating the ability of the soluble tva proteins to inhibit alv(a) entry into susceptible cells. two soluble tva proteins were tested: the 83-amino-acid tva extracellular region fused to two epitope tags (stva) or fused to the constant region of the mouse immunoglobulin g heavy chain (stva-migg). replication-compe ... | 1999 | 10559319 |
| multiple infection of chickens and turkeys with avian oncogenic viruses: prevalence and molecular analysis. | the avian herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv) and several retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), avian leukosis virus (alv) (chickens) and lymphoproliferative disease virus (turkeys) are oncogenic and immunosuppressive agents. these viruses were detected either alone, or in various combinations in blood and tumor dnas of commercial birds using pcr. we present a 5-year retrospective study that included 207 chicken and 52 turkey flocks. of these, 32 chicken and 18 turkey flocks were ... | 1999 | 10696434 |
| detection of exogenous and endogenous avian leukosis virus in commercial chicken eggs using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction assay. | avian leukosis retroviruses (alv) cause lymphomas and other cancers in chickens. previous studies have used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifa) to detect alv p27 group-specific antigens (gsa) in commercial chicken eggs. in the poultry industry eradication programme against exogenous alv, elisa assays are used to identify chickens infected with the virus. the inability of elisa and ifa assays to discriminate between alv gsa of endogenous or exog ... | 1999 | 26905496 |
| tropism of subgroup j avian leukosis virus as detected by in situ hybridization. | the hprs-103 strain of avian retrovirus is the prototype of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and causes myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. using immunohistochemical detection of the viral groupspecific antigen (gag) we have previously demonstrated that the induction of myeloid leukosis by alv-j is associated with viral tropism for myelomonocytic cells. in this paper we describe an in situ hybridization (ish) technique using digoxigenin (dig)-labelled probes for detecting rna transcri ... | 1999 | 26911502 |
| isolation and identification of avian leukosis viruses: a review. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is the most common naturally occurring avian retrovirus that can cause a variety of neoplastic disease conditions in chickens. in addition to causing neoplasia, alv is known to be associated with reduced productivity and other production problems in affected flocks. biological and molecular assays for the detection of alv are very useful in identification and classification of new isolates, safety testing of vaccines and in testing pathogen-free and other breeder flock ... | 2000 | 19184848 |
| isolation of acutely transforming subgroup j avian leukosis viruses that induce erythroblastosis and myelocytomatosis. | avian leukosis virus of subgroup j (alv-j), isolated in the late 1980s, predominantly causes myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. in the past few years, we have observed the occurrence of lesions indicative of erythroblastosis in alv-j-infected flocks and, in this paper, we report the isolation of alv-j strains from such flocks. three of these isolates were acutely transforming viruses, as shown by their ability to transform bone marrow cell cultures. the bone marrow cultures trans ... | 2000 | 19184842 |
| subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection in turkeys: induction of rapid onset tumours by acutely transforming virus strain 966. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), isolated in the late 1980s, predominantly causes myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. in the past 10 years, alv-j infection has become very widespread, causing serious problems to the chicken meat industry. previously, we have shown that turkey cells can be infected in vitro with rous sarcoma virus pseudotypes of alv-j. in this paper, we extend those observations to show that turkey monocyte cultures can be transformed in vitro with acutely ... | 2000 | 19184821 |
| isolation of acutely transforming subgroup j avian leukosis viruses that induce erythroblastosis and myelocytomatosis. | avian leukosis virus of subgroup j (alv-j), isolated in the late 1980s, predominantly causes myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. in the past few years, we have observed the occurrence of lesions indicative of erythroblastosis in alv-j-infected flocks and, in this paper, we report the isolation of alv-j strains from such flocks. three of these isolates were acutely transforming viruses, as shown by their ability to transform bone marrow cell cultures. the bone marrow cultures trans ... | 2000 | 19184822 |
| detection of endogenous avian leukosis virus envelope in chicken plasma using r2 antiserum. | immunologic tolerance to oncogenic avian leukosis virus (alv) is mediated, in part, by the interaction of endogenous alv (ev) envelope and immune competent cells. a flow cytometry method is described for detecting the ev envelope in chicken plasma or serum. the method employs two types of target red blood cells (rbc) obtained from chickens lacking ev; rbc susceptible to ev infection (containing ev receptors), and those resistant to ev infection (lacking ev receptors). rbc from susceptible chicke ... | 2000 | 19184801 |
| lesions of bone and bone marrow in myeloid leukosis occurring naturally in adult broiler breeders. | lesions of bone and bone marrow in myeloid leukosis (ml) occurring naturally in adult broiler breeders were investigated pathologically. during gross examination, nodules and protrusions were commonly observed on the surface of the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and synsacrum. the bone marrow of all the bones of the body was pale in color. histologically, granulated myelocytes proliferated in the bone marrow of various bones and in the periosteum of the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and synsacrum. the fi ... | 2000 | 10737666 |
| retroviruses in foreign species and the problem of provirus silencing. | retroviruses are known to integrate in the host cell genome as proviruses, and therefore they are prone to cell-mediated control at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. this plays an important role especially after retrovirus heterotransmission to foreign species, but also to differentiated cells. in addition to host cell-mediated blocks in provirus expression, also so far undefined host specificities, deciding upon the pathogenic manifestation of retrovirus heterotransmission, ar ... | 2000 | 11164049 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection profiles in broiler breeder chickens: association with virus transmission to progeny. | profiles of infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) and factors that predict virus transmission to progeny were studied. eggs from an infected broiler breeder flock were hatched at the laboratory. the flock was reared in a floor pen, transferred to laying cages at 22 wk, and inseminated to produce fertile eggs. a cohort of 139 chickens was tested at frequent intervals over a 62-wk period for virus, viral antigens, or antibodies in plasma, cloacal swabs, egg albumen, and embryos. v ... | 2000 | 11195648 |
| selection of a subgroup a avian leukosis virus [alv(a)] envelope resistant to soluble alv(a) surface glycoprotein. | the host developing resistance to retroviral infection is believed to be a major force in the evolution of multiple receptor usage by retroviruses. the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (alv) group of retroviruses provides a powerful system for studying the envelope-receptor interactions involved in retrovirus entry; different members of this group of closely related viruses use distinct cellular receptors. analysis of the alv envelope subgroups suggests that the different alvs evolved from a common ... | 2000 | 10915607 |
| a review of the development of chicken lines to resolve genes determining resistance to diseases. | the resolution of genes that determine resistance to disease is described using chicken lines maintained at the avian disease and oncology laboratory (adol). this description includes a summary 1) of existing selected and inbred lines differing for resistance to viral-induced tumors, i.e., marek's disease (md) and lymphoid leukosis (ll), and of the use of inbred and line crosses to define relevant disease-resistant genes, e.g., tv, alve, b, r, ly4, th1, bu1, and igg1; 2) of the development of tv ... | 2000 | 10947175 |
| expression of nonspecific esterase (nse) by thyroid follicular epithelium as a marker for the target organ susceptibility to immune system attack. | spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in obese strain (os) chickens provides an excellent animal model for the study of hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis in humans. the data presented in this paper indicate that nonspecific esterases (nse) may play a role in or serve as a marker for the target organ susceptibility. experiments have shown that follicular epithelial cells and interfollicular macrophages in connective tissue stain positively for nse as early as the first day after hatching, a time at ... | 2000 | 10834316 |
| angiogenesis is an early event in the generation of myc-induced lymphomas. | angiogenesis was identified as an early consequence of myc gene overexpression in two models of retroviral lymphomagenesis. avian leukosis virus (alv) induces bursal lymphoma in chickens after proviral c-myc gene integration, while the hb-1 retrovirus carries a v-myc oncogene and also induces metastatic lymphoma. immunohistochemical studies of the effects of increased c-myc or v-myc overexpression revealed early angiogenesis within myc-transformed bursal follicles, which persisted in lymphomas a ... | 2000 | 10851079 |
| tvb receptors for cytopathic and noncytopathic subgroups of avian leukosis viruses are functional death receptors. | the identification of tvb(s3), a cellular receptor for the cytopathic subgroups b and d of avian leukosis virus (alv-b and alv-d), as a tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death receptor with a cytoplasmic death domain, provides a compelling argument that viral env-receptor interactions are linked to cell death (4). however, other tvb proteins have been described that appear to have similar death domains but are cellular receptors for the noncytopathic subgroup e of alv (alv-e): tvb(t), a tur ... | 2000 | 11090145 |
| hypervariability in the envelope genes of subgroup j avian leukosis viruses obtained from different farms in the united states. | avian leukosis virus, subgroup j (alv-j), has a wide host range, preferentially infecting meat-type birds, and produces a high incidence of myelocytomatosis and nephromas. using the published sequences from hprs-103 (alv-j isolated in 1989 in great britain), we designed a set of pcr primers that amplified proviral dna from nine u.s. field samples. the primers were specific for alv-j, not amplifying dna from uninfected cells or cells infected with alv subgroups a-e. these primers expanded a 2.4-k ... | 2000 | 10873753 |
| identification and characterization of a shared tnfr-related receptor for subgroup b, d, and e avian leukosis viruses reveal cysteine residues required specifically for subgroup e viral entry. | genetic and receptor interference data have indicated the presence of one or more cellular receptors for subgroup b, d, and e avian leukosis viruses (alv) encoded by the s1 allele of the chicken tvb locus. despite the prediction that these viruses use the same receptor, they exhibit a nonreciprocal receptor interference pattern: alv-b and alv-d can interfere with infection by all three viral subgroups, but alv-e only interferes with infection by subgroup e viruses. we identified a tvb(s1) cdna c ... | 2000 | 10729132 |
| avian endogenous retrovirus eav-hp shares regions of identity with avian leukosis virus subgroup j and the avian retrotransposon art-ch. | the existence of novel endogenous retrovirus elements in the chicken genome, designated eav-hp, with close sequence identity to the env gene of avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup j has been reported (l. m. smith, a. a. toye, k. howes, n. bumstead, l. n. payne, and k. venugopal, j. gen. virol. 80:261-268, 1999). to resolve the genome structure of these retroviral elements, we have determined the complete sequence of two proviral clones of eav-hp from a line n chicken genomic dna yeast artificial ... | 2000 | 10627540 |
| lack of evidence of endogenous avian leukosis virus and endogenous avian retrovirus transmission to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine recipients. | the identification of endogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) and endogenous avian retrovirus (eav) in chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines in current use has raised concern about transmission of these retroviruses to vaccine recipients. we used serologic and molecular methods to analyze specimens from 206 recipients of measles, mumps, and rubella (mmr) vaccine for evidence of infection with alv and eav. a western blot assay for detecting antibodies to endogenous alv was developed and val ... | 2001 | 11266296 |
| resistance to marek's disease virus in white leghorn chickens: effects of avian leukosis virus infection genotype, reciprocal mating, and major histocompatibility complex. | genetic improvement for resistance to marek's disease (md) in chickens continues to be of interest to the poultry industry. the aims of this study were to identify effects of the mhc on the molecular level and of avian leukosis virus (alv) resistance status on md mortality in two noninbred white leghorn chicken lines that differ in b blood group type. previously, within each of the chicken lines, sublines had been selected for resistance or susceptibility to alv infection with subgroups a and b. ... | 2001 | 11495456 |
| heterophil function and resistance to staphylococcal challenge in broiler chickens naturally infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j has a high tropism for myeloid lineage cells and frequently induces neoplastic transformation of myelocytes. the impact of congenital avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection on the function of circulating heterophils and susceptibility to staphylococcal infection was investigated. six-week-old broiler chickens negative for exogenous avian leukosis viruses or congenitally infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup j were inoculated intravenously with 10(6) colon ... | 2001 | 11572559 |
| identification and characterization of human bic, a gene on chromosome 21 that encodes a noncoding rna. | bic was originally identified as a gene transcriptionally activated by promoter insertion at a common retroviral integration site in b cell lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus (tam et al., mol. cell. biol. 17 (1997) 1490). the human homolog of this gene was cloned and characterized. it consists of three exons within a 13 kb region located in chromosome 21q21. similar to the avian homolog, the human bic lacks a long open reading frame (orf). highest levels of bic expression are detected in ... | 2001 | 11675008 |
| introduction of dt40 cells into chick embryos. | to examine the transfection of exogenous genes into chick embryos, applying the characteristics of avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced chicken b cell line dt40 to the production of chimeric birds. | 2001 | 11250794 |
| development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | in an attempt to develop a specific diagnostic test for avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup j (alv-j) strain hc1, four monoclonal antibodies (mabs), je9, g2, 145, and j47, were generated that are specific for alv-j envelope glycoprotein, gp85. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify genomic pro-viral dna of avian disease and oncology laboratory (adol)-hc1 and adol-4817 envelope genes. both open reading frames encoding glycoproteins gp85 and gp37 were cloned into baculoviruses. abunda ... | 2001 | 11785897 |
| immunohistochemical localization of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in tissues from naturally infected chickens. | the tissue tropism of avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup j (alv-j) was investigated in congenitally infected broiler chickens by an immunohistochemistry technique detecting gp85 viral glycoprotein. all organs examined contained detectable antigen. the most intense staining was in the adrenal gland, heart, kidney, and proventriculus. intense staining for viral antigen in the heart may explain the ability of alvs to cause cardiomyopathy. although recent investigations failed to demonstrate specif ... | 2001 | 11785904 |
| identification of key residues in subgroup a avian leukosis virus envelope determining receptor binding affinity and infectivity of cells expressing chicken or quail tva receptor. | to better understand retroviral entry, we have characterized the interactions between subgroup a avian leukosis virus [alv(a)] envelope glycoproteins and tva, the receptor for alv(a), that result in receptor interference. we have recently shown that soluble forms of the chicken and quail tva receptor (stva), expressed from genes delivered by retroviral vectors, block alv(a) infection of cultured chicken cells ( approximately 200-fold antiviral effect) and chickens (>98% of the birds were not inf ... | 2001 | 11134286 |
| induction of host gene expression following infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts with oncogenic marek's disease virus. | microarrays containing 1,126 nonredundant cdnas selected from a chicken activated t-cell expressed sequence tag database (http://chickest.udel.edu) were used to examine changes in host cell gene expression that accompany infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) with marek's disease virus (mdv). host genes that were reproducibly induced by infection of cef with the oncogenic rb1b strain of mdv included macrophage inflammatory protein, interferon response factor 1, interferon-inducible protei ... | 2001 | 11119623 |
| molecular characterization of the smyth chicken sublines and their parental controls by rflp and dna fingerprint analysis. | the smyth line (sl) chicken, a model for autoimmune human vitiligo, is characterized by a spontaneous posthatch epidermal pigment loss (vitiligo). even though the immunological and morphological changes accompanying the vitiligo process have been well studied, the genetics of this phenomenon remains elusive. the sl lines have been maintained by nonpedigreed matings since their inception, and therefore, the inbreeding status is unknown. the present study was designed to provide an estimate of the ... | 2001 | 11214327 |
| segregation of eav-hp ancient endogenous retroviruses within the chicken population. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), an exogenous avian retrovirus, is thought to have evolved by recombination with the highly identical env gene of the endogenous avian retrovirus eav-hp. embryonic expression of eav-hp env has been suggested to be associated with the induction of immunological tolerance, a feature observed in a significant proportion of meat-type chickens infected with alv-j. in support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate that eav-hp loci, some of which could be associated ... | 2001 | 11689680 |
| reduction of horizontal transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in broiler breeder chickens hatched and reared in small groups. | transmission of avian leukosis virus, subgroup j (alv-j), from donor chickens inoculated as embryos to simulate congenital infection to uninfected hatchmates was studied in two strains of commercial broiler breeder chickens. chicks of two commercial lines free of alv-j became infected when hatched (1/2 lots positive) or reared (8/8 lots positive) in direct physical contact with alv-j-infected donors. infection also occurred when chicks were exposed in the hatchery to alv-j-infected donors by clo ... | 2001 | 19184958 |
| localization of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in naturally infected chickens by rna in situ hybridization. | the novel subgroup j of avian leukosis virus (alv-j) has emerged as a significant cause of myeloid neoplasia and weight suppression in broiler chickens. we investigated viral tropism using rna in situ hybridization (ish) in naturally infected chickens. formalin-fixed tissues were collected from 12-day-old embryos (seven infected, two control) and from 0-week-old (four infected, one control), 3-week-old (five infected, one control), 6-week-old (five infected, one control), and 9-week-old (10 infe ... | 2001 | 11732798 |
| acutely transforming avian leukosis virus subgroup j strain 966: defective genome encodes a 72-kilodalton gag-myc fusion protein. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), the most recent member of the avian retroviruses, is predominantly associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. we have previously demonstrated that the acutely transforming virus strain 966, isolated from an alv-j-induced tumor, transformed peripheral blood monocyte and bone marrow cells in vitro and induced rapid-onset tumors, suggesting transduction of oncogenes (l. n. payne, a. m. gillespie, and k. howes, avian dis. 37:438-450, 1993). in or ... | 2001 | 11287571 |
| blocked b cell differentiation and emigration support the early growth of myc-induced lymphomas. | avian leukosis virus induces lymphoma in chickens after proviral integration within the c-myc gene, and subsequent expansion of myc-overexpressing lymphocytes within transformed bursal follicles. the clonal expansion of these follicles allowed us to examine how myc influences cell differentiation, growth, and apoptosis in lymphoid progenitors soon after the onset of myc overexpression. immunohistochemical analysis of developmental markers established that myc overexpression consistently blocks l ... | 2001 | 11423972 |
| molecular indications for in vivo integration of the avian leukosis virus, subgroup j-long terminal repeat into the marek's disease virus in experimentally dually-infected chickens. | marek's disease virus, a herpesvirus, and avian leukosis virus, subgroup j, a retrovirus, are oncogenic viruses of poultry. both viruses may infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. in a double-infected cell, the retroviral dna can integrate into the cellular or the marek's disease virus (mdv) genome. the retroviral-long terminal repeat (ltr) integration into mdv was first described by isfort et al., (proc natl acad sci 89, 991-995, 1992) following tissue culture co-infection. the ... | 2002 | 12018709 |
| high virus titer in feather pulp of chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alvs), which are a recombinant virus between exogenous and endogenous alvs, can spread by either vertical or horizontal transmission. exogenous and endogenous alvs can be detected in feather pulp. in this study, virus titers in feather pulp of chickens infected with subgroup j alv were compared with those of plasma and cloacal swab. all of the broiler chickens inoculated with subgroup j alv at 1 day old were positive for virus from feather pulp during the exper ... | 2002 | 12061636 |
| lack of interaction between avian leukosis virus subgroup j and fowl adenovirus (fav) in fav-antibody-positive chickens. | unfounded field speculation has suggested that avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) predisposes young meat-type chickens to inclusion body hepatitis caused by fowl adenovirus (fav). to address this hypothesis, we infected 1-day-old grandparent meat-type chickens carrying maternal antibodies against fav with a field isolate of fav associated with inclusion body hepatitis in broilers, alv-j, or both fav and alv-j. we examined the effects of fav alone or in combination with alv-j on the basis of ... | 2002 | 12495060 |
| serologic profiles of chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) causes serious economic losses in the commercial poultry industry. measuring group-specific antigen (gsa) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been used to identify chickens infected with this virus. however, the inability of elisa to discriminate the gsa from endogenous alv (subgroup e alv [alv-e]) or alv-j infection has limited its usage. the purpose of the present study was to develop a method to discriminate between uninfected flocks having ... | 2002 | 12243523 |
| avian retrovirus infection causes naturally occurring glioma: isolation and transmission of a virus from so-called fowl glioma. | so-called fowl glioma is characterized by multiple nodular gliomatous growths associated with disseminated non-suppurative encephalitis. to investigate the possibility of the induction of the gliomatous lesions, chicks of japanese bantams (gallus gallus domesticus) and specific pathogen free chickens (c/o strain white leghorn) were intracerebrally inoculated with a brain homogenate or culture supernatant from a bantam affected with fowl glioma. all bantams and 16 chickens (89%) in the inoculated ... | 2002 | 12396365 |
| effect of an in ovo infection with a dutch avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolate on the growth and immunological performance of spf broiler chickens. | the effect of an in ovo infection with a dutch isolate of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) on the growth of specific pathogen free (spf) broiler chickens was analysed. during this study, possible immune suppressive effects of alv-j were assessed by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh), natural killer (nk) cell activity, the production of radicals of nitric oxide (no) by macrophages, humoral immune response against newcastle and infectious bursal di ... | 2002 | 12425793 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in feather pulp. | feather pulp from experimentally infected chickens was used as a source of dna for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) proviral dna. a primer set that produces a large amplicon (approximately 2,125) was used to detect alv-j proviral dna. this primer set was used in lieu of previously published primers because it allows for sequencing of the entire envelope gene and because it was able to detect diagnostically a number of north american alv-j i ... | 2002 | 12495059 |
| the feather tips of commercial chickens are a favorable source of dna for the amplification of marek's disease virus and avian leukosis virus, subgroup j. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a herpesvirus, and avian leukosis virus, subgroup j (alv-j), a retrovirus, are oncogenic viruses of poultry. the present report describes a case-report study aimed at examining the efficacy of amplifying mdv and/or alv-j from feather-tip dna as compared with dna purified from liver and spleen. we show that the polymerase chain reaction for mdv and alv-j env using dna from feather tips was more effective for diagnosis of naturally infected commercial chickens than usi ... | 2002 | 12396346 |
| nonsuppurative myocarditis associated with so-called fowl glioma. | c/o specific pathogen-free white leghorn chickens were intracerebrally inoculated at one day of age with a brain homogenate of japanese bantams (gallus gallus domesticus) affected with fowl glioma. histologically, six of eight inoculated chickens developed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis in cerebrum and two of them had the characteristic lesions of fowl glioma. hyperplastic lymphoid foci concomitantly developed in many organs of these birds, especially in the heart. apart from these lymphoid ... | 2002 | 12069070 |
| occurrence of subgroup j avian leukosis virus in taiwan. | there are three grandparent farms for three different chicken breeds in taiwan. one of these farms, populated by breast meat yield chickens (yield type), suffered from a severe subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infection in mid-1997. the affected flocks at that farm had a weekly mortality of more than 1% and a 15% drop in egg production. the broilers from that breed had a 10% condemnation rate during the first week of age, and 5% of the remaining broilers were stunted afterwards. some chic ... | 2002 | 12427337 |
| isolation of subgroup j avian leukosis virus in korea. | two subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alvs) were isolated from broiler breeder flocks, in which myeloid leukosis had occurred. the isolates could be classified as subgroup j alv by the positive reaction in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers specific for subgroup j alv. two isolates replicated in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells from the alv6 chicken line in which cells are resistant to subgroup a and e alvs. in in vitro serum neutralization tests with other subgroup alvs includin ... | 2002 | 12441675 |
| expression of exogenous protein in the egg white of transgenic chickens. | using a replication-deficient retroviral vector based on the avian leukosis virus (alv), we inserted into the chicken genome a transgene encoding a secreted protein, beta-lactamase, under the control of the ubiquitous cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter. biologically active beta-lactamase was secreted into the serum and egg white of four generations of transgenic chickens. the expression levels were similar in successive generations, and expression levels in the magnum of the oviduct were constant ov ... | 2002 | 11923848 |
| avian bic, a gene isolated from a common retroviral site in avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas that encodes a noncoding rna, cooperates with c-myc in lymphomagenesis and erythroleukemogenesis. | bic is a novel gene identified at a common retroviral integration site in avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas and has been implicated as a collaborator with c-myc in b lymphomagenesis. it lacks an extensive open reading frame and is believed to function as an untranslated rna (w. tam, gene 274:157-167, 2001; w. tam, d. ben-yehuda, and w. s. hayward, mol. cell. biol. 17:1490-1502, 1997). the oncogenic potential of bic, particularly its ability to cooperate with c-myc in oncogenesis, was tested ... | 2002 | 11932393 |
| consistent production of transgenic chickens using replication-deficient retroviral vectors and high-throughput screening procedures. | we have developed a novel method of dna extraction combined with a high-throughput method of gene detection allowing thousands of potentially transgenic chicks to be screened quickly and reliably. by using this method and a replication-deficient retroviral vector based on avian leukosis virus (alv), we have demonstrated germline transmission of three different transgenes. several generations of chickens carrying intact transgenes were produced, validating the use of the alv retroviral vectors fo ... | 2002 | 11873828 |
| cardiomyopathy in broiler chickens congenitally infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | dilated cardiomyopathy and ascites in broiler chickens are frequently associated with rapid growth and pulmonary hypertension, but can be associated with some avian leukosis virus (alv) infections. the novel subgroup j of alv has a high cardiac tropism, but dilated cardiomyopathy has not been reported previously. we report a dilated cardiomyopathy incidence of 11.1% in broiler chickens congenitally infected with alv subgroup j (alv-j). gross lesions included severe body weight suppression, cardi ... | 2002 | 12102213 |
| the viral envelope is a major determinant for the induction of lymphoid and myeloid tumours by avian leukosis virus subgroups a and j, respectively. | among the six envelope subgroups of avian leukosis virus (alv) that infect chickens, subgroups a (alv-a) and j (alv-j) are the most pathogenic and widespread among commercial chicken populations. while alv-a is predominantly associated with lymphoid leukosis (ll) and less frequently with erythroblastosis (eb), alv-j mainly induces tumours of the myeloid lineage. in order to examine the basis for the lineage specificity of tumour induction by these two alv subgroups, we constructed two chimeric v ... | 2002 | 12237439 |
| identification and characterization of avian retroviruses in chicken embryo-derived yellow fever vaccines: investigation of transmission to vaccine recipients. | all currently licensed yellow fever (yf) vaccines are propagated in chicken embryos. recent studies of chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines show evidence of two types of retrovirus particles, the endogenous avian retrovirus (eav) and the endogenous avian leukosis virus (alv-e), which originate from the chicken embryonic fibroblast substrates. in this study, we investigated substrate-derived avian retrovirus contamination in yf vaccines currently produced by three manufacturers (yf-vax [ ... | 2003 | 12502826 |
| evolutionary pressure of a receptor competitor selects different subgroup a avian leukosis virus escape variants with altered receptor interactions. | a complex interaction between the retroviral envelope glycoproteins and a specific cell surface protein initiates viral entry into cells. the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (alv) group of retroviruses provides a useful experimental system for studying the retroviral entry process and the evolution of receptor usage. in this study, we demonstrate that evolutionary pressure on subgroup a alv [alv(a)] entry exerted by the presence of a competitive inhibitor, a soluble form of the alv(a) tva receptor ... | 2003 | 12970435 |
| avian leukosis virus is a versatile eukaryotic platform for polypeptide display. | display technology refers to methods of generating libraries of modularly coded biomolecules and screening them for particular properties. retroviruses are good candidates to be a eukaryotic viral platform for the display of polypeptides synthesized in eukaryotic cells. here we demonstrate that avian leukosis virus (alv) provides an ideal platform for display of nonviral polyaeptides expressed in a eukaryotic cell substrate. different sizes of polypeptides were genetically fused to the extreme n ... | 2003 | 14585333 |
| in ovo infection with an avian leukosis virus causing fowl glioma: viral distribution and pathogenesis. | we have previously isolated an avian leukosis virus (alv) from a chicken affected with so-called fowl glioma. a resistance-inducing factor test indicated that the isolate was classified into a subgroup a. the distribution and pathogenicity were investigated in c/o specific pathogen free chickens infected in ovo with this virus. histologically, 11 of 12 (92%) infected birds had non-suppurative encephalitis and three birds (25%) showed the characteristic nodules of fowl glioma at 50 or 100 days of ... | 2003 | 14676013 |
| effects of cyclosporin a treatment on the pathogenesis of avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection in broiler chickens with marek's disease virus exposure. | in this study, we investigated the effects of t-cell suppression on the pathogenesis of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j). chickens were treated with cyclosporin a (csp) 50 mg/kg body weight or a corresponding volume of olive oil per every three days after hatching until the end of experiment. some of the chickens from each treatment group were infected with an isolate of alv-j, adol-7501, at 2 weeks of age. the effects of viral infection were compared to uninfected birds in same treatment ... | 2003 | 14685030 |
| characterization of a spontaneously transformed chicken mononuclear cell line. | we describe the characterization of a spontaneously transformed chicken monocytic cell line that developed as a single colony of cells in a heterophil culture that was inadvertently left in the incubator over a period of 25 days. these cells, hitherto named htc, grow efficiently at both 37 or 41 degrees c in culture medium containing either 5% fbs or 2% chicken serum. the htc cells are acid phosphatase positive, show expressions of both class i and class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) ... | 2003 | 14522138 |
| development and application of reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction test for the detection of exogenous avian leukosis virus. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that utilizes nested primers to amplify a fragment of the long terminal repeat of exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) was developed and evaluated for detection of alv subgroup j directly from clinical samples. compilation of sequence data from different endogenous and exogenous alvs allowed the selection of a conserved set of nested primers specific for the amplification of exogenous alv subgroups a, b, c, d, and j and excluded amplification of endogenous ... | 2003 | 12713157 |
| validating the hen as a bioreactor for the production of exogenous proteins in egg white. | increased demand for the production of human biopharmaceuticals in transgenic organisms has led to an intensive effort to develop the hen as a bioreactor producing exogenous proteins in egg white via transgenesis. to date, however, robust methods for transgenic modification of the avian genome have been lacking. we have used a replication-defective retroviral vector derived from avian leukosis virus (alv) to generate transgenic chickens expressing bacterial beta-lactamase secreted into serum and ... | 2003 | 12817447 |
| persistence of chicken herpesvirus and retroviral chimeric molecules upon in vivo passage. | mareks disease virus (mdv), a herpesvirus, and avian leucosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), a retrovirus, were used for experimental coinfection of chickens. chimeric molecules having sequences of both viruses were detected by the hotspot-combined polymerase chain reaction (hs-cpcr) system. the detection of chimeric molecules provided evidence for avian retroviral inserts in the herpesvirus genome. the persistence of chimeric molecules on in vivo passage served to indicate the infectivity of the rec ... | 2003 | 12887189 |
| pathogenicity of two recombinant avian leukosis viruses. | we have recently described the isolation and molecular characteristics of two recombinant avian leukosis subgroup j viruses (alv j) with an avian leukosis virus subgroup a envelope (r5701a and r6803a). in the present study, we examined the role of the subgroup a envelope in the pathogenesis of these recombinant viruses. chickens of line 151(5) x 7(1) were inoculated at 1 day of age with r5701a, r6803a, rous-associated virus type 1 (rav-1), or strain adol-hcl of alv-j. at 2, 4, 10, 18, and 32 wk ... | 2003 | 12887202 |
| novel applications of feather tip extracts from mdv-infected chickens; diagnosis of commercial broilers, whole genome separation by pfge and synchronic mucosal infection. | marek's disease virus (mdv) productive replication occurs in the feather follicle epithelium and the feather tips are valuable both for research and disease diagnosis. three novel applications of feather tip extracts are described now: (a). as a source of dna for amplifying either mdv and/or alv-j. in two clinical situations a marked advantage was obtained compared to blood and organs; in broiler breeder flocks with a mixed mdv and alv-j infection, and in young broilers with neurological marek's ... | 2003 | 14522455 |
| silent point mutation in an avian retrovirus rna processing element promotes c-myb-associated short-latency lymphomas. | the avian leukosis virus deltalr-9 causes a high frequency of b-cell lymphomas within weeks after injection into 10-day-old chicken embryos. these lymphomas result from proviral integrations into the oncogene c-myb. in contrast, lr-9, which lacks the 42-nucleotide gag gene deletion of deltalr-9, does not cause a high frequency of c-myb-associated short-latency lymphomas. although viral replication rates and spliced env mrna levels were found to be similar for both viruses, deltalr-9 exhibited an ... | 2003 | 12915553 |
| the effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup j on broiler chicken performance and response to vaccination. | the effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection on meat-type chickens reared in a simulated commercial setting were evaluated. each of three alv-j isolates was evaluated with both simulated horizontal transmission (sht) and simulated vertical transmission (svt). mortality, morbidity, disease condemnations, and feed conversions were increased and body weights at processing were decreased in alv-j infected birds as compared to sham inoculated hatch mates. the adverse effects of al ... | 2003 | 14562889 |
| manipulation of mouse hematopoietic progenitors by specific retroviral infection. | previous studies have identified an enhancer 3' of the scl gene that can direct transgene expression to hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells. here we use this enhancer to restrict expression of the avian leukosis virus receptor, tva, to hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors in bone marrow and fetal liver and demonstrate that retroviral infection can be used to specifically introduce exogenous sequences. we show that a majority of cfu-s12 multipotential progenitor cells can be transduced i ... | 2003 | 12928443 |
| evidence for virus closely related to avian myeloblastosis-associated virus type 1 in a commercial stock of chickens. | a two-round nested polymerase chain reaction assay detected rous associated virus-1 (rav-1), a prototype laboratory strain of avian leukosis virus of subgroup a (alv-a). surprisingly, the test failed to detect three field isolates of alv-a but did detect virus in one commercial stock of chickens (stock f). the sequence analysis of a core of 290 nucleotides of the env gene gave evidence that the virus from stock f was closely related to avian myeloblastosis-associated virus type one (mav-1). othe ... | 2003 | 17585462 |
| reduced myc overexpression and normal b-cell differentiation mediate resistance to avian leukosis virus lymphomagenesis. | avian leukosis virus (alv) induces bursal lymphoma in tumor-susceptible chicken strains after proviral integration within the c-myc gene, and subsequent expansion of myc-overexpressing lymphocytes within transformed follicles. line 6(3) strain chickens are resistant to alv tumorigenesis, largely failing to develop myc-transformed follicles, although they show similar levels of alv infection and integration as lymphoma-susceptible strains. immunohistochemical analysis determined that the transfor ... | 2004 | 15064748 |
| development of quantitative competitive-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantitation of avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) causes severe economic losses in the broiler industry by increasing mortality, producing tumors, and decreasing weight gain in chickens. the quantitation of alv-j is difficult because of its failure to produce a cytopathic effect in cell culture systems and the nonspecificity of antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests. this study was performed to develop a quantitative competitive-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chai ... | 2004 | 15152832 |
| a serological survey for pathogens in old fancy chicken breeds in central and eastern part of the netherlands. | to get an impression of the presence of pathogens in multi-aged flocks of old fancy chicken breeds in the netherlands, plasma samples originating from 24 flocks were examined for antibodies against 17 chicken pathogens. these flocks were housed mainly in the centre and east of the netherlands, regions with a high poultry density. the owners of the tested flocks showed their chicken at national and international poultry exhibitions. antibodies against avian influenza, egg drop syndrome '76 virus, ... | 2004 | 15185615 |
| tissue tropism and bursal transformation ability of subgroup j avian leukosis virus in white leghorn chickens. | in experiment 1, a monoclonal antibody against the envelope glycoprotein (gp85) of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) was used to study the distribution of alv-j in various tissues of white leghorn chickens inoculated as embryos with the strain adol-hcl of alv-j. at 2 and 6 wk of age, various tissues from infected and control uninfected chickens were tested for the presence of alv-j gp85 by immunohistochemistry. in experiment 2, using the methyl green-pyronine (mgp) stain, sections of bursa ... | 2004 | 15666876 |
| detection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection in australian meat-type chickens. | to determine the extent of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection in australian broiler breeder flocks, using virus isolation and molecular biological detection. any resultant alv-j viral isolates to be characterised by neutralisation cross testing in order to determine antigenic relationships to overseas isolates of alv-j. | 2004 | 15977617 |
| detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in chicken flocks from malaysia and their molecular characterization. | previously we have shown that avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) might be present in chicken flocks from malaysia based on serological study and also on detection of tissue samples with myelocytic infiltration. in this study, the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect alv-j sequences from archived frozen samples. out of 21 tissue samples examined, 16 samples were positive for proviral dna and four samples for alv-j rna. however, only nine samples were found positive for myelocytic inf ... | 2004 | 15223566 |
| assessing the roles of endogenous retrovirus eav-hp in avian leukosis virus subgroup j emergence and tolerance. | avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup j is thought to have emerged through a recombination event between an unknown exogenous alv and the endogenous retrovirus elements designated eav-hp. all eav-hp elements identified to date in the chicken genome show large deletions, including that of the entire pol gene. here we report the identification of four segregating chicken eav-hp proviruses with complete pol genes, one of which shows exceptionally high sequence identity and a close phylogenetic relati ... | 2004 | 15367619 |
| histopathological characteristics of spindle-cell proliferative disease in broiler chickens and its experimental reproduction in specific pathogen-free chickens. | the livers and spleens of 45 broiler chickens (33 to 79 days old) suspected of marek's disease (md) at meat inspection were collected and examined histopathologically. macroscopically, they were enlarged from two to three times, and multiple, small, white areas of plaque or infrequent, large, white nodules were observed in most cases. only 9 birds (20%) were diagnosed with md based on the histological examination, while the other 35 birds (78%) had tumor-like proliferative lesions in the glisson ... | 2004 | 15107549 |
| the effects of cyclophosphamide treatment on the pathogenesis of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infection in broiler chickens with marek's disease virus exposure. | studies were performed to determine the effects of bcell suppression on the pathogenesis of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) in broiler chickens. neonatal chickens were treated with cyclophosphamide (cy) or pbs, and then infected with alv-j (adol-7501) at 2 weeks of age. cy treatment induced b cell specific immunosuppression throughout the experiment confirmed by decreased bursal weight, intact lymphocyte mitogenetic activity stimulated by con a and increased relative subpopulation of cd3 ... | 2004 | 15028885 |
| response of white leghorn chickens of various genetic lines to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | in experiment 1, chickens from various white leghorn experimental lines were inoculated with strain adol-hcl of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) either as embryos or at 1 day of age. at various ages, chickens were tested for alv-j induced viremia, antibody, and packed cell volume (pcv). also, at 4 and 10 wk of age, bursal tissues were examined for avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced preneoplastic lesions with the methyl green-pyronine (mgp) stain. in experiment 2, chickens harboring or lac ... | 2004 | 15077798 |
| methods for evaluating and developing commercial chicken strains free of endogenous subgroup e avian leukosis virus. | the genome of nearly all chickens contains various dna proviral insertions of retroviruses of subgroup e avian leukosis virus (alve). however, the elimination or control of alve gene expression is desirable to improve productivity, to improve resistance to avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced tumours, and to develop safer live virus vaccines in chick embryos and cultured chick cells. restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction methods are used to define the presence of a ... | 2004 | 15276994 |
| occurrence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in commercial layer flocks in china. | mortality from myeloid leukosis was observed in commercial layers from 12 farms in northern china. affected chickens were extremely thin and dehydrated, bleeding occurred in feather follicles and claws, combs were pale and anaemic, phalanges were swollen, and many yellowish-white tumours were seen on the visceral surface of the sternum. focal tumour cells, with spherical eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, were found in the liver, spleen, kidney, ovary, oviduct, lung, bone marrow, proventric ... | 2004 | 14681063 |
| cellular uptake of avian leukosis virus subgroup b is mediated by clathrin. | avian leukosis virus (alv) requires endocytosis and a low ph step for successful viral entry. here we report that transient treatment with lysosomotropic agents was not sufficient to block alv subgroup b (alv-b) entry, while it completely inhibited uptake of the ph-dependent semliki forest virus. extended incubations with lysosomotropic agents were required to block alv-b entry, suggesting that alv particles are stable in endosomal compartments. we analyzed endocytic pathways involved in the upt ... | 2005 | 15914219 |
| [emerging of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in a flock of chinese local breed]. | myeloid leukosis (ml) cases were first diagnosed in a chicken flock of chinese local breed in shan dong province. the main symptom included wasting, weight loss, anemia. it caused about 10% mortality of about 15000 birds at the age of 120-day. in the necropsy, gray-white nodules and protrusions in various sizes were commonly observed on the surface of the sternum, intestine and trachea. almost all viscera tissues showed moderate to severe enlargement with diffuse gray-white nodules. histological ... | 2005 | 16245876 |
| [construction of infectious clone of subgroup j avian leukosis virus strain nx0101 and its pathogenicity]. | by using pcr, 3 fragments of provirus cdna of avian leukosis virus (alv-j) strain nxo101 were amplified from the genomic dna of alv-j infected cells,and then combined in the right direction and sequences into recombinant plasmid palv-j-nx, containing the whole genome of nx0101. after transfection of chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells with plasmid palv-j-nx dna, the rescued virus was identified in cef by indirect fluorescence antibody test with alv-j specific monoclonal antibody je9. the rescu ... | 2005 | 15989242 |
| development and validation of a pcr-rflp assay to evaluate tvb haplotypes coding receptors for subgroup b and subgroup e avian leukosis viruses in white leghorns. | the cellular receptor of subgroup b avian leukosis virus (alvb) is encoded by a gene at the tumour virus b (tvb) locus. tvb alleles encode specific receptors permitting infection by exogenous alvb or avian leukosis virus subgroup d (alvd) as well as endogenous avian leukosis virus subgroup e (alve), and thus susceptibility is dominant to resistance. two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the tvb locus have been reported distinguishing three tvb alleles (tvb*s1, tvb*s3 and tvb*r). we have develop ... | 2005 | 16147569 |
| systemic spindle-cell proliferative disease in broiler chickens. | the major organs and tissues of 24 broiler chickens (70 or 71 days old) suspected of spindle-cell proliferative disease (spd) because of showing the tumorous lesions distributed throughout the body at meat inspection were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. macroscopically, liver, spleen and cecal tonsil showed severe enlargement and white nodules or plaques were observed in the liver, spleen, kidney, intestine and bone marrow of the femur. all chickens were diag ... | 2005 | 15699588 |
| multiple perineuriomas in chicken (gallus gallus domesticus). | intraneural perineurioma is an extremely rare condition characterized by perineurial cell proliferation within peripheral nerve (pn) sheaths. in the veterinary field, this entity has been reported only in a dog. we examined multiple enlargements of pns in 11 chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) (9 japanese bantams and 2 specific pathogen-free white leghorn), which were inoculated with an avian leukosis virus (alv) causing so-called fowl glioma. all chickens clinically exhibited progressive leg pa ... | 2005 | 15753471 |
| single and concurrent avian leukosis virus infections with avian leukosis virus-j and avian leukosis virus-a in australian meat-type chickens. | australian broiler breeders were screened for avian leukosis viruses (alvs) (may 2001 to december 2003) as surveillance of measures to reduce the prevalence of alv-j. samples of blood (4233), albumen (1122), meconium (99) and tumours (16) were obtained from 93 flocks in six australian states. virus isolation was performed in c/o chick embryo fibroblast cultures, which were initially screened by group-specific antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with follow-up confirmation using polymerase ... | 2005 | 15763738 |
| response of white leghorn chickens of various b haplotypes to infection at hatch with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | white leghorn chickens from seven 15.b congenic lines (genetically similar except for genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex [mhc] b haplotype) and two line 0.b semicongenic lines were infected at hatch with strain adol hc-1 of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j). at 5, 8, 16, and 36 wk of age, chickens were tested for viremia, serum-neutralizing antibody, and cloacal shedding. chickens were also monitored for development of neoplasia. in the 15.b congenic lines (b*2, b*5, b*12 ... | 2005 | 16094825 |
| novel criteria for the diagnosis of marek's disease virus-induced lymphomas. | several novel criteria have been tested to assist in the differential diagnosis of tumours induced by marek's disease virus (mdv) from those induced by avian leukosis virus (alv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). a collection of tumours induced by inoculation of specific strains of mdv, alv and rev, alone or in combination, were tested for quantification of mdv dna by real-time polymerase chain reaction, expression of the mdv oncogene meq, expression of several cell markers associated with ... | 2005 | 16147570 |
| detection and characterization of avian leukosis virus in marek's disease vaccines. | avian leukosis virus (alv) infection in chickens is known to induce increased mortality, tumors, delayed growth, and suboptimal egg production. countries importing specified pathogen-free eggs, vaccines, and poultry breeding stock require freedom of infection or contamination with alv in such products among other avian pathogens. recently, alv was found as a contaminant in a limited number of commercial poultry vaccines, even after routine quality assurance procedures cleared the vaccines for co ... | 2006 | 16863069 |
| myotropic avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection in a chicken. | the study describes a highly productive myotropic avian leukosis virus infection (alv) in a 3-month-old female chicken. at necropsy, ascites, hepatic fibrosis and cardiomegaly were seen. histologically, the most striking lesion was the presence of cytoplasmic basophilic inclusions in myocardial fibers. immunostaining for alv group specific antigen p27 revealed a diffuse presence of virus antigen in cardiac myofibers, in smooth muscle fibers of most of the organs, and in rare, pancreatic and ovar ... | 2006 | 16930280 |
| experimental infection with avian leukosis virus isolated from marek's disease vaccines. | recently, avian leukosis virus (alv) was isolated from four lots of marek's disease vaccine produced by two laboratories. the alvs isolated were characterized by examination of their interactions with cells of two phenotypes (c/e and c/a,e), subgroup-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr), virus neutralization, envelope gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. all four alvs are exogenous, belong to subgroup a, and appear to be virtually identical to each other based on pcr and envelope gene ... | 2006 | 16863073 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a naturally occurring recombinant subgroup b avian leukosis virus with a subgroup j-like long terminal repeat. | infection of broiler chickens with subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv) results in the induction of myeloid tumors. however, although egg-type chickens are susceptible to infection with alv-j, the tumor incidence is very low, and on rare occasions the tumors observed are of the myeloid lineage. we recently described the isolation of an alv (af115-4) from commercial egg-type chickens suffering from myeloid leukosis. af115-4 was initially identified as an alv-j isolate based on pcr analysis of th ... | 2006 | 17274296 |
| complete association between a retroviral insertion in the tyrosinase gene and the recessive white mutation in chickens. | in chickens, three mutant alleles have been reported at the c locus, including the albino mutation, and the recessive white mutation, which is characterized by white plumage and pigmented eyes. the albino mutation was found to be a 6 bp deletion in the tyrosinase (tyr) gene. the present work describes an approach to identify the structural rearrangement in the tyr gene associated with the recessive white mutation. | 2006 | 16457736 |