Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular indications for in vivo integration of the avian leukosis virus, subgroup j-long terminal repeat into the marek's disease virus in experimentally dually-infected chickens. | marek's disease virus, a herpesvirus, and avian leukosis virus, subgroup j, a retrovirus, are oncogenic viruses of poultry. both viruses may infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. in a double-infected cell, the retroviral dna can integrate into the cellular or the marek's disease virus (mdv) genome. the retroviral-long terminal repeat (ltr) integration into mdv was first described by isfort et al., (proc natl acad sci 89, 991-995, 1992) following tissue culture co-infection. the ... | 2002 | 12018709 |
| high virus titer in feather pulp of chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alvs), which are a recombinant virus between exogenous and endogenous alvs, can spread by either vertical or horizontal transmission. exogenous and endogenous alvs can be detected in feather pulp. in this study, virus titers in feather pulp of chickens infected with subgroup j alv were compared with those of plasma and cloacal swab. all of the broiler chickens inoculated with subgroup j alv at 1 day old were positive for virus from feather pulp during the exper ... | 2002 | 12061636 |
| nonsuppurative myocarditis associated with so-called fowl glioma. | c/o specific pathogen-free white leghorn chickens were intracerebrally inoculated at one day of age with a brain homogenate of japanese bantams (gallus gallus domesticus) affected with fowl glioma. histologically, six of eight inoculated chickens developed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis in cerebrum and two of them had the characteristic lesions of fowl glioma. hyperplastic lymphoid foci concomitantly developed in many organs of these birds, especially in the heart. apart from these lymphoid ... | 2002 | 12069070 |
| cardiomyopathy in broiler chickens congenitally infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | dilated cardiomyopathy and ascites in broiler chickens are frequently associated with rapid growth and pulmonary hypertension, but can be associated with some avian leukosis virus (alv) infections. the novel subgroup j of alv has a high cardiac tropism, but dilated cardiomyopathy has not been reported previously. we report a dilated cardiomyopathy incidence of 11.1% in broiler chickens congenitally infected with alv subgroup j (alv-j). gross lesions included severe body weight suppression, cardi ... | 2002 | 12102213 |
| the viral envelope is a major determinant for the induction of lymphoid and myeloid tumours by avian leukosis virus subgroups a and j, respectively. | among the six envelope subgroups of avian leukosis virus (alv) that infect chickens, subgroups a (alv-a) and j (alv-j) are the most pathogenic and widespread among commercial chicken populations. while alv-a is predominantly associated with lymphoid leukosis (ll) and less frequently with erythroblastosis (eb), alv-j mainly induces tumours of the myeloid lineage. in order to examine the basis for the lineage specificity of tumour induction by these two alv subgroups, we constructed two chimeric v ... | 2002 | 12237439 |
| serologic profiles of chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) causes serious economic losses in the commercial poultry industry. measuring group-specific antigen (gsa) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been used to identify chickens infected with this virus. however, the inability of elisa to discriminate the gsa from endogenous alv (subgroup e alv [alv-e]) or alv-j infection has limited its usage. the purpose of the present study was to develop a method to discriminate between uninfected flocks having ... | 2002 | 12243523 |
| the feather tips of commercial chickens are a favorable source of dna for the amplification of marek's disease virus and avian leukosis virus, subgroup j. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a herpesvirus, and avian leukosis virus, subgroup j (alv-j), a retrovirus, are oncogenic viruses of poultry. the present report describes a case-report study aimed at examining the efficacy of amplifying mdv and/or alv-j from feather-tip dna as compared with dna purified from liver and spleen. we show that the polymerase chain reaction for mdv and alv-j env using dna from feather tips was more effective for diagnosis of naturally infected commercial chickens than usi ... | 2002 | 12396346 |
| avian retrovirus infection causes naturally occurring glioma: isolation and transmission of a virus from so-called fowl glioma. | so-called fowl glioma is characterized by multiple nodular gliomatous growths associated with disseminated non-suppurative encephalitis. to investigate the possibility of the induction of the gliomatous lesions, chicks of japanese bantams (gallus gallus domesticus) and specific pathogen free chickens (c/o strain white leghorn) were intracerebrally inoculated with a brain homogenate or culture supernatant from a bantam affected with fowl glioma. all bantams and 16 chickens (89%) in the inoculated ... | 2002 | 12396365 |
| effect of an in ovo infection with a dutch avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolate on the growth and immunological performance of spf broiler chickens. | the effect of an in ovo infection with a dutch isolate of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) on the growth of specific pathogen free (spf) broiler chickens was analysed. during this study, possible immune suppressive effects of alv-j were assessed by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh), natural killer (nk) cell activity, the production of radicals of nitric oxide (no) by macrophages, humoral immune response against newcastle and infectious bursal di ... | 2002 | 12425793 |
| occurrence of subgroup j avian leukosis virus in taiwan. | there are three grandparent farms for three different chicken breeds in taiwan. one of these farms, populated by breast meat yield chickens (yield type), suffered from a severe subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infection in mid-1997. the affected flocks at that farm had a weekly mortality of more than 1% and a 15% drop in egg production. the broilers from that breed had a 10% condemnation rate during the first week of age, and 5% of the remaining broilers were stunted afterwards. some chic ... | 2002 | 12427337 |
| isolation of subgroup j avian leukosis virus in korea. | two subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alvs) were isolated from broiler breeder flocks, in which myeloid leukosis had occurred. the isolates could be classified as subgroup j alv by the positive reaction in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers specific for subgroup j alv. two isolates replicated in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells from the alv6 chicken line in which cells are resistant to subgroup a and e alvs. in in vitro serum neutralization tests with other subgroup alvs includin ... | 2002 | 12441675 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in feather pulp. | feather pulp from experimentally infected chickens was used as a source of dna for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) proviral dna. a primer set that produces a large amplicon (approximately 2,125) was used to detect alv-j proviral dna. this primer set was used in lieu of previously published primers because it allows for sequencing of the entire envelope gene and because it was able to detect diagnostically a number of north american alv-j i ... | 2002 | 12495059 |
| lack of interaction between avian leukosis virus subgroup j and fowl adenovirus (fav) in fav-antibody-positive chickens. | unfounded field speculation has suggested that avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) predisposes young meat-type chickens to inclusion body hepatitis caused by fowl adenovirus (fav). to address this hypothesis, we infected 1-day-old grandparent meat-type chickens carrying maternal antibodies against fav with a field isolate of fav associated with inclusion body hepatitis in broilers, alv-j, or both fav and alv-j. we examined the effects of fav alone or in combination with alv-j on the basis of ... | 2002 | 12495060 |
| identification and characterization of avian retroviruses in chicken embryo-derived yellow fever vaccines: investigation of transmission to vaccine recipients. | all currently licensed yellow fever (yf) vaccines are propagated in chicken embryos. recent studies of chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines show evidence of two types of retrovirus particles, the endogenous avian retrovirus (eav) and the endogenous avian leukosis virus (alv-e), which originate from the chicken embryonic fibroblast substrates. in this study, we investigated substrate-derived avian retrovirus contamination in yf vaccines currently produced by three manufacturers (yf-vax [ ... | 2003 | 12502826 |
| development and application of reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction test for the detection of exogenous avian leukosis virus. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that utilizes nested primers to amplify a fragment of the long terminal repeat of exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) was developed and evaluated for detection of alv subgroup j directly from clinical samples. compilation of sequence data from different endogenous and exogenous alvs allowed the selection of a conserved set of nested primers specific for the amplification of exogenous alv subgroups a, b, c, d, and j and excluded amplification of endogenous ... | 2003 | 12713157 |
| validating the hen as a bioreactor for the production of exogenous proteins in egg white. | increased demand for the production of human biopharmaceuticals in transgenic organisms has led to an intensive effort to develop the hen as a bioreactor producing exogenous proteins in egg white via transgenesis. to date, however, robust methods for transgenic modification of the avian genome have been lacking. we have used a replication-defective retroviral vector derived from avian leukosis virus (alv) to generate transgenic chickens expressing bacterial beta-lactamase secreted into serum and ... | 2003 | 12817447 |
| persistence of chicken herpesvirus and retroviral chimeric molecules upon in vivo passage. | mareks disease virus (mdv), a herpesvirus, and avian leucosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), a retrovirus, were used for experimental coinfection of chickens. chimeric molecules having sequences of both viruses were detected by the hotspot-combined polymerase chain reaction (hs-cpcr) system. the detection of chimeric molecules provided evidence for avian retroviral inserts in the herpesvirus genome. the persistence of chimeric molecules on in vivo passage served to indicate the infectivity of the rec ... | 2003 | 12887189 |
| pathogenicity of two recombinant avian leukosis viruses. | we have recently described the isolation and molecular characteristics of two recombinant avian leukosis subgroup j viruses (alv j) with an avian leukosis virus subgroup a envelope (r5701a and r6803a). in the present study, we examined the role of the subgroup a envelope in the pathogenesis of these recombinant viruses. chickens of line 151(5) x 7(1) were inoculated at 1 day of age with r5701a, r6803a, rous-associated virus type 1 (rav-1), or strain adol-hcl of alv-j. at 2, 4, 10, 18, and 32 wk ... | 2003 | 12887202 |
| silent point mutation in an avian retrovirus rna processing element promotes c-myb-associated short-latency lymphomas. | the avian leukosis virus deltalr-9 causes a high frequency of b-cell lymphomas within weeks after injection into 10-day-old chicken embryos. these lymphomas result from proviral integrations into the oncogene c-myb. in contrast, lr-9, which lacks the 42-nucleotide gag gene deletion of deltalr-9, does not cause a high frequency of c-myb-associated short-latency lymphomas. although viral replication rates and spliced env mrna levels were found to be similar for both viruses, deltalr-9 exhibited an ... | 2003 | 12915553 |
| manipulation of mouse hematopoietic progenitors by specific retroviral infection. | previous studies have identified an enhancer 3' of the scl gene that can direct transgene expression to hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells. here we use this enhancer to restrict expression of the avian leukosis virus receptor, tva, to hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors in bone marrow and fetal liver and demonstrate that retroviral infection can be used to specifically introduce exogenous sequences. we show that a majority of cfu-s12 multipotential progenitor cells can be transduced i ... | 2003 | 12928443 |
| evolutionary pressure of a receptor competitor selects different subgroup a avian leukosis virus escape variants with altered receptor interactions. | a complex interaction between the retroviral envelope glycoproteins and a specific cell surface protein initiates viral entry into cells. the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (alv) group of retroviruses provides a useful experimental system for studying the retroviral entry process and the evolution of receptor usage. in this study, we demonstrate that evolutionary pressure on subgroup a alv [alv(a)] entry exerted by the presence of a competitive inhibitor, a soluble form of the alv(a) tva receptor ... | 2003 | 12970435 |
| multiplicity of cell response to the bai strain a (myeloblastosis) avian tumor virus. v. elaboration of virus by pancreas of chickens inoculated with the agent. | 1963 | 13953417 | |
| transmission in vivo of chicken erythroblastosis by intact cells. | 1962 | 13972153 | |
| cortisol metabolizing activity of spleen and liver of erythroblastosis-afflicted and normal chickens in vitro. | 1962 | 13994984 | |
| bioassay of fowl leukosis virus in chickens by the inoculation of 11-day-old embryos. | 1963 | 14081364 | |
| viral tumors of chickens with particular reference to the leukosis complex. | 1963 | 14081492 | |
| transmission of virus from field cases of avian lymphomatosis. i. isolation of virus in line 151 chickens. | 1964 | 14114972 | |
| some effects of folic acid antagonists on virus induced chicken erythroleukaemia. | 1964 | 14150633 | |
| progress with some tumor viruses of chickens and mammals: the problem of passenger viruses. | 1963 | 14156502 | |
| the effect of nutrition on mortality from leukosis in chickens inoculated with strain rpl-12 avian leukosis virus. | 1965 | 14253983 | |
| transmission of virus from field cases of avian lymphomatosis. ii. development of strains by serial passage in line 151 chickens. | 1965 | 14253999 | |
| quantitative studies of the nucleoprotein content erythrocytes from healthy and virus-infected chicken. | 1965 | 14316069 | |
| tolerance and immunity in chickens after congenital and contact infection with an avian leukosis virus. | 1962 | 14494904 | |
| characterization of a spontaneously transformed chicken mononuclear cell line. | we describe the characterization of a spontaneously transformed chicken monocytic cell line that developed as a single colony of cells in a heterophil culture that was inadvertently left in the incubator over a period of 25 days. these cells, hitherto named htc, grow efficiently at both 37 or 41 degrees c in culture medium containing either 5% fbs or 2% chicken serum. the htc cells are acid phosphatase positive, show expressions of both class i and class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) ... | 2003 | 14522138 |
| novel applications of feather tip extracts from mdv-infected chickens; diagnosis of commercial broilers, whole genome separation by pfge and synchronic mucosal infection. | marek's disease virus (mdv) productive replication occurs in the feather follicle epithelium and the feather tips are valuable both for research and disease diagnosis. three novel applications of feather tip extracts are described now: (a). as a source of dna for amplifying either mdv and/or alv-j. in two clinical situations a marked advantage was obtained compared to blood and organs; in broiler breeder flocks with a mixed mdv and alv-j infection, and in young broilers with neurological marek's ... | 2003 | 14522455 |
| the effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup j on broiler chicken performance and response to vaccination. | the effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection on meat-type chickens reared in a simulated commercial setting were evaluated. each of three alv-j isolates was evaluated with both simulated horizontal transmission (sht) and simulated vertical transmission (svt). mortality, morbidity, disease condemnations, and feed conversions were increased and body weights at processing were decreased in alv-j infected birds as compared to sham inoculated hatch mates. the adverse effects of al ... | 2003 | 14562889 |
| avian leukosis virus is a versatile eukaryotic platform for polypeptide display. | display technology refers to methods of generating libraries of modularly coded biomolecules and screening them for particular properties. retroviruses are good candidates to be a eukaryotic viral platform for the display of polypeptides synthesized in eukaryotic cells. here we demonstrate that avian leukosis virus (alv) provides an ideal platform for display of nonviral polyaeptides expressed in a eukaryotic cell substrate. different sizes of polypeptides were genetically fused to the extreme n ... | 2003 | 14585333 |
| in ovo infection with an avian leukosis virus causing fowl glioma: viral distribution and pathogenesis. | we have previously isolated an avian leukosis virus (alv) from a chicken affected with so-called fowl glioma. a resistance-inducing factor test indicated that the isolate was classified into a subgroup a. the distribution and pathogenicity were investigated in c/o specific pathogen free chickens infected in ovo with this virus. histologically, 11 of 12 (92%) infected birds had non-suppurative encephalitis and three birds (25%) showed the characteristic nodules of fowl glioma at 50 or 100 days of ... | 2003 | 14676013 |
| occurrence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in commercial layer flocks in china. | mortality from myeloid leukosis was observed in commercial layers from 12 farms in northern china. affected chickens were extremely thin and dehydrated, bleeding occurred in feather follicles and claws, combs were pale and anaemic, phalanges were swollen, and many yellowish-white tumours were seen on the visceral surface of the sternum. focal tumour cells, with spherical eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, were found in the liver, spleen, kidney, ovary, oviduct, lung, bone marrow, proventric ... | 2004 | 14681063 |
| effects of cyclosporin a treatment on the pathogenesis of avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection in broiler chickens with marek's disease virus exposure. | in this study, we investigated the effects of t-cell suppression on the pathogenesis of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j). chickens were treated with cyclosporin a (csp) 50 mg/kg body weight or a corresponding volume of olive oil per every three days after hatching until the end of experiment. some of the chickens from each treatment group were infected with an isolate of alv-j, adol-7501, at 2 weeks of age. the effects of viral infection were compared to uninfected birds in same treatment ... | 2003 | 14685030 |
| the effects of cyclophosphamide treatment on the pathogenesis of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infection in broiler chickens with marek's disease virus exposure. | studies were performed to determine the effects of bcell suppression on the pathogenesis of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) in broiler chickens. neonatal chickens were treated with cyclophosphamide (cy) or pbs, and then infected with alv-j (adol-7501) at 2 weeks of age. cy treatment induced b cell specific immunosuppression throughout the experiment confirmed by decreased bursal weight, intact lymphocyte mitogenetic activity stimulated by con a and increased relative subpopulation of cd3 ... | 2004 | 15028885 |
| reduced myc overexpression and normal b-cell differentiation mediate resistance to avian leukosis virus lymphomagenesis. | avian leukosis virus (alv) induces bursal lymphoma in tumor-susceptible chicken strains after proviral integration within the c-myc gene, and subsequent expansion of myc-overexpressing lymphocytes within transformed follicles. line 6(3) strain chickens are resistant to alv tumorigenesis, largely failing to develop myc-transformed follicles, although they show similar levels of alv infection and integration as lymphoma-susceptible strains. immunohistochemical analysis determined that the transfor ... | 2004 | 15064748 |
| response of white leghorn chickens of various genetic lines to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | in experiment 1, chickens from various white leghorn experimental lines were inoculated with strain adol-hcl of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) either as embryos or at 1 day of age. at various ages, chickens were tested for alv-j induced viremia, antibody, and packed cell volume (pcv). also, at 4 and 10 wk of age, bursal tissues were examined for avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced preneoplastic lesions with the methyl green-pyronine (mgp) stain. in experiment 2, chickens harboring or lac ... | 2004 | 15077798 |
| histopathological characteristics of spindle-cell proliferative disease in broiler chickens and its experimental reproduction in specific pathogen-free chickens. | the livers and spleens of 45 broiler chickens (33 to 79 days old) suspected of marek's disease (md) at meat inspection were collected and examined histopathologically. macroscopically, they were enlarged from two to three times, and multiple, small, white areas of plaque or infrequent, large, white nodules were observed in most cases. only 9 birds (20%) were diagnosed with md based on the histological examination, while the other 35 birds (78%) had tumor-like proliferative lesions in the glisson ... | 2004 | 15107549 |
| development of quantitative competitive-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantitation of avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) causes severe economic losses in the broiler industry by increasing mortality, producing tumors, and decreasing weight gain in chickens. the quantitation of alv-j is difficult because of its failure to produce a cytopathic effect in cell culture systems and the nonspecificity of antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests. this study was performed to develop a quantitative competitive-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chai ... | 2004 | 15152832 |
| a serological survey for pathogens in old fancy chicken breeds in central and eastern part of the netherlands. | to get an impression of the presence of pathogens in multi-aged flocks of old fancy chicken breeds in the netherlands, plasma samples originating from 24 flocks were examined for antibodies against 17 chicken pathogens. these flocks were housed mainly in the centre and east of the netherlands, regions with a high poultry density. the owners of the tested flocks showed their chicken at national and international poultry exhibitions. antibodies against avian influenza, egg drop syndrome '76 virus, ... | 2004 | 15185615 |
| detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in chicken flocks from malaysia and their molecular characterization. | previously we have shown that avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) might be present in chicken flocks from malaysia based on serological study and also on detection of tissue samples with myelocytic infiltration. in this study, the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect alv-j sequences from archived frozen samples. out of 21 tissue samples examined, 16 samples were positive for proviral dna and four samples for alv-j rna. however, only nine samples were found positive for myelocytic inf ... | 2004 | 15223566 |
| methods for evaluating and developing commercial chicken strains free of endogenous subgroup e avian leukosis virus. | the genome of nearly all chickens contains various dna proviral insertions of retroviruses of subgroup e avian leukosis virus (alve). however, the elimination or control of alve gene expression is desirable to improve productivity, to improve resistance to avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced tumours, and to develop safer live virus vaccines in chick embryos and cultured chick cells. restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction methods are used to define the presence of a ... | 2004 | 15276994 |
| assessing the roles of endogenous retrovirus eav-hp in avian leukosis virus subgroup j emergence and tolerance. | avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup j is thought to have emerged through a recombination event between an unknown exogenous alv and the endogenous retrovirus elements designated eav-hp. all eav-hp elements identified to date in the chicken genome show large deletions, including that of the entire pol gene. here we report the identification of four segregating chicken eav-hp proviruses with complete pol genes, one of which shows exceptionally high sequence identity and a close phylogenetic relati ... | 2004 | 15367619 |
| tissue tropism and bursal transformation ability of subgroup j avian leukosis virus in white leghorn chickens. | in experiment 1, a monoclonal antibody against the envelope glycoprotein (gp85) of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) was used to study the distribution of alv-j in various tissues of white leghorn chickens inoculated as embryos with the strain adol-hcl of alv-j. at 2 and 6 wk of age, various tissues from infected and control uninfected chickens were tested for the presence of alv-j gp85 by immunohistochemistry. in experiment 2, using the methyl green-pyronine (mgp) stain, sections of bursa ... | 2004 | 15666876 |
| systemic spindle-cell proliferative disease in broiler chickens. | the major organs and tissues of 24 broiler chickens (70 or 71 days old) suspected of spindle-cell proliferative disease (spd) because of showing the tumorous lesions distributed throughout the body at meat inspection were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. macroscopically, liver, spleen and cecal tonsil showed severe enlargement and white nodules or plaques were observed in the liver, spleen, kidney, intestine and bone marrow of the femur. all chickens were diag ... | 2005 | 15699588 |
| multiple perineuriomas in chicken (gallus gallus domesticus). | intraneural perineurioma is an extremely rare condition characterized by perineurial cell proliferation within peripheral nerve (pn) sheaths. in the veterinary field, this entity has been reported only in a dog. we examined multiple enlargements of pns in 11 chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) (9 japanese bantams and 2 specific pathogen-free white leghorn), which were inoculated with an avian leukosis virus (alv) causing so-called fowl glioma. all chickens clinically exhibited progressive leg pa ... | 2005 | 15753471 |
| single and concurrent avian leukosis virus infections with avian leukosis virus-j and avian leukosis virus-a in australian meat-type chickens. | australian broiler breeders were screened for avian leukosis viruses (alvs) (may 2001 to december 2003) as surveillance of measures to reduce the prevalence of alv-j. samples of blood (4233), albumen (1122), meconium (99) and tumours (16) were obtained from 93 flocks in six australian states. virus isolation was performed in c/o chick embryo fibroblast cultures, which were initially screened by group-specific antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with follow-up confirmation using polymerase ... | 2005 | 15763738 |
| cellular uptake of avian leukosis virus subgroup b is mediated by clathrin. | avian leukosis virus (alv) requires endocytosis and a low ph step for successful viral entry. here we report that transient treatment with lysosomotropic agents was not sufficient to block alv subgroup b (alv-b) entry, while it completely inhibited uptake of the ph-dependent semliki forest virus. extended incubations with lysosomotropic agents were required to block alv-b entry, suggesting that alv particles are stable in endosomal compartments. we analyzed endocytic pathways involved in the upt ... | 2005 | 15914219 |
| detection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection in australian meat-type chickens. | to determine the extent of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection in australian broiler breeder flocks, using virus isolation and molecular biological detection. any resultant alv-j viral isolates to be characterised by neutralisation cross testing in order to determine antigenic relationships to overseas isolates of alv-j. | 2004 | 15977617 |
| [construction of infectious clone of subgroup j avian leukosis virus strain nx0101 and its pathogenicity]. | by using pcr, 3 fragments of provirus cdna of avian leukosis virus (alv-j) strain nxo101 were amplified from the genomic dna of alv-j infected cells,and then combined in the right direction and sequences into recombinant plasmid palv-j-nx, containing the whole genome of nx0101. after transfection of chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells with plasmid palv-j-nx dna, the rescued virus was identified in cef by indirect fluorescence antibody test with alv-j specific monoclonal antibody je9. the rescu ... | 2005 | 15989242 |
| response of white leghorn chickens of various b haplotypes to infection at hatch with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | white leghorn chickens from seven 15.b congenic lines (genetically similar except for genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex [mhc] b haplotype) and two line 0.b semicongenic lines were infected at hatch with strain adol hc-1 of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j). at 5, 8, 16, and 36 wk of age, chickens were tested for viremia, serum-neutralizing antibody, and cloacal shedding. chickens were also monitored for development of neoplasia. in the 15.b congenic lines (b*2, b*5, b*12 ... | 2005 | 16094825 |
| development and validation of a pcr-rflp assay to evaluate tvb haplotypes coding receptors for subgroup b and subgroup e avian leukosis viruses in white leghorns. | the cellular receptor of subgroup b avian leukosis virus (alvb) is encoded by a gene at the tumour virus b (tvb) locus. tvb alleles encode specific receptors permitting infection by exogenous alvb or avian leukosis virus subgroup d (alvd) as well as endogenous avian leukosis virus subgroup e (alve), and thus susceptibility is dominant to resistance. two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the tvb locus have been reported distinguishing three tvb alleles (tvb*s1, tvb*s3 and tvb*r). we have develop ... | 2005 | 16147569 |
| novel criteria for the diagnosis of marek's disease virus-induced lymphomas. | several novel criteria have been tested to assist in the differential diagnosis of tumours induced by marek's disease virus (mdv) from those induced by avian leukosis virus (alv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). a collection of tumours induced by inoculation of specific strains of mdv, alv and rev, alone or in combination, were tested for quantification of mdv dna by real-time polymerase chain reaction, expression of the mdv oncogene meq, expression of several cell markers associated with ... | 2005 | 16147570 |
| [emerging of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in a flock of chinese local breed]. | myeloid leukosis (ml) cases were first diagnosed in a chicken flock of chinese local breed in shan dong province. the main symptom included wasting, weight loss, anemia. it caused about 10% mortality of about 15000 birds at the age of 120-day. in the necropsy, gray-white nodules and protrusions in various sizes were commonly observed on the surface of the sternum, intestine and trachea. almost all viscera tissues showed moderate to severe enlargement with diffuse gray-white nodules. histological ... | 2005 | 16245876 |
| replacement of primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef) by the df-1 cell line for detection of avian leucosis viruses. | international regulations prescribe that the absence of avian leucosis viruses (alv) in avian live virus vaccines has to be demonstrated. primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) from special spf chicken lines are normally used for detection of alv. the suitability of the df-1 cell line for alv-detection, as alternative for primary cef, was studied in three types of experiments: (1) in titration experiments without cell passage, (2) in experiments with passages in cell cultures according to euro ... | 2006 | 16257542 |
| complete association between a retroviral insertion in the tyrosinase gene and the recessive white mutation in chickens. | in chickens, three mutant alleles have been reported at the c locus, including the albino mutation, and the recessive white mutation, which is characterized by white plumage and pigmented eyes. the albino mutation was found to be a 6 bp deletion in the tyrosinase (tyr) gene. the present work describes an approach to identify the structural rearrangement in the tyr gene associated with the recessive white mutation. | 2006 | 16457736 |
| na+/h+ exchanger type 1 is a receptor for pathogenic subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) is a recently identified avian oncogenic retrovirus responsible for severe economic losses worldwide. in contrast with the other alv subgroups, alv-j predominantly induces myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. despite significant homology with the other alv subgroups across most of the genome, the envelope protein of alv-j (envj) shares low homology with the others. pathogenicity and myeloid leukosis induction map to the env gene of alv-j. a chimeric pro ... | 2006 | 16567631 |
| cerebellar hypoplasia associated with an avian leukosis virus inducing fowl glioma. | fowl glioma-inducing virus (fgv), which belongs to subgroup a of avian leukosis virus (alv), shows tumorigenicity and pathogenicity, mainly in the nervous system, and causes astrocytoma and perineurioma. apart from these neoplasms, cerebellar anomaly was found in chickens infected with fgv in ovo. the study reported here describes the morphologic characteristics of the affected cerebellum. specific-pathogen-free chickens (c/o) were inoculated with fgv through the yolk sac on the 7th day of incub ... | 2006 | 16672576 |
| evolution of gp85 gene of subgroup j avian leukosis virus under the selective pressure of antibodies. | subgroup j avian leucosis virus (alv-j) strain nx0101 was inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) monolayers in 6-well plates. the six wells of cef inoculated with nx0101 were divided into groups a (without anti-alv-j serum in the medium) and b (with anti-alv-j serum in the medium), then viruses from each well of both groups were separately passed in cef every 6 d and formed their independent passage lineages. for each lineage of both groups, gp85 genes of the viruses in the 10th, 20th ... | 2006 | 16856491 |
| reduced serologic response to newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens exposed to a chinese field strain of subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | in this study, a chinese field strain of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j), nx0101, was studied for its immunosuppressive effects in both commercial broilers and spf white leghorn chickens infected at 1 day of age. our data demonstrated that nx0101 induced much more significant body and immune organ weight loss in the infected commercial broiler chickens in an earlier age than that in the spf white leghorn chickens. at the same time antibody responses to vaccinations of newcastle disease v ... | 2006 | 16863066 |
| sarcomas and myelocytomas induced by a retrovirus related to myeloblastosis-associated virus type 1 in white leghorn egg layer chickens. | an outbreak of subcutaneous sarcomas in commercial white leghorn egg layers was observed in the northeastern united states during late 2004. subcutaneous tumors were confined to three flocks distributed in two locations and belonging to the same company. the tumors were first observed grossly by farm personnel at approximately 7 wk of age and persisted throughout the economic life of the flocks. most of the tumors observed during the growing period were present on the facial region or around the ... | 2006 | 16863068 |
| detection and characterization of avian leukosis virus in marek's disease vaccines. | avian leukosis virus (alv) infection in chickens is known to induce increased mortality, tumors, delayed growth, and suboptimal egg production. countries importing specified pathogen-free eggs, vaccines, and poultry breeding stock require freedom of infection or contamination with alv in such products among other avian pathogens. recently, alv was found as a contaminant in a limited number of commercial poultry vaccines, even after routine quality assurance procedures cleared the vaccines for co ... | 2006 | 16863069 |
| seroprevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reovirus, avian pneumovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and avian leukosis virus in nigerian poultry. | eight poultry farms in nigeria, including chickens from nine breeder, 14 broiler, 28 pullet, 11 layer, and three cockerel flocks, were tested for antibody seroprevalence to the following poultry viruses of potential economic importance: infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian reovirus, avian pneumovirus (apv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), avian influenza virus (aiv), and avian leukosis virus (alv). serum samples were collected between 1999 and 2004 and were tested for antibodies u ... | 2006 | 16863071 |
| experimental infection with avian leukosis virus isolated from marek's disease vaccines. | recently, avian leukosis virus (alv) was isolated from four lots of marek's disease vaccine produced by two laboratories. the alvs isolated were characterized by examination of their interactions with cells of two phenotypes (c/e and c/a,e), subgroup-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr), virus neutralization, envelope gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. all four alvs are exogenous, belong to subgroup a, and appear to be virtually identical to each other based on pcr and envelope gene ... | 2006 | 16863073 |
| e (xsr) element contributes to the oncogenicity of avian leukosis virus (subgroup j). | among the six subgroups of avian leukosis virus (alv) that infect chickens, subgroup j (alv-j) was isolated from meat-type chickens where it predominantly induces myeloid leukosis (ml) and erythroblastosis (eb). the sequence of hprs-103, the alv-j prototype virus, shows several distinct features, one of which is the presence of a distinct hairpin stem-loop structure called the e (also called xsr) element in the 3' untranslated region. in order to determine the role of the e element in alv-induce ... | 2006 | 16894209 |
| myotropic avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection in a chicken. | the study describes a highly productive myotropic avian leukosis virus infection (alv) in a 3-month-old female chicken. at necropsy, ascites, hepatic fibrosis and cardiomegaly were seen. histologically, the most striking lesion was the presence of cytoplasmic basophilic inclusions in myocardial fibers. immunostaining for alv group specific antigen p27 revealed a diffuse presence of virus antigen in cardiac myofibers, in smooth muscle fibers of most of the organs, and in rare, pancreatic and ovar ... | 2006 | 16930280 |
| susceptibility of various parental lines of commercial white leghorn layers to infection with a naturally occurring recombinant avian leukosis virus containing subgroup b envelope and subgroup j long terminal repeat. | chickens from seven different parental lines of commercial white leghorn layer flocks from three independent breeders were inoculated with a naturally occurring avian leukosis virus (alv) containing an alv-b envelope and an alv-j long terminal repeat (ltr) termed alv-b/j. additional groups of chickens from the same seven parental lines were inoculated with alv-b. chickens were tested for alv viremia and antibody at 0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 wk postinfection. chickens from all parental lines studied we ... | 2006 | 17039832 |
| isolation and characterization of an adventitious avian leukosis virus isolated from commercial marek's disease vaccines. | commercial marek's disease (md) vaccines produced by two manufacturers were tested for possible contamination with avian leukosis virus (alv). samples of md vaccines manufactured by two companies (a and b) were received from a breeder company; samples were also received directly from vaccine company b. using virus isolation tests, samples initially tested positive for subgroup e (endogenous) alv. however, upon repassage, the vaccines also tested positive for exogenous alv. the isolated exogenous ... | 2006 | 17039837 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a naturally occurring recombinant subgroup b avian leukosis virus with a subgroup j-like long terminal repeat. | infection of broiler chickens with subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv) results in the induction of myeloid tumors. however, although egg-type chickens are susceptible to infection with alv-j, the tumor incidence is very low, and on rare occasions the tumors observed are of the myeloid lineage. we recently described the isolation of an alv (af115-4) from commercial egg-type chickens suffering from myeloid leukosis. af115-4 was initially identified as an alv-j isolate based on pcr analysis of th ... | 2006 | 17274296 |
| differences in pathogenicity among strains of the same or different avian leukosis virus subgroups. | an efficient induction of wasting disease in chickens by avian leukosis virus (alv), particularly alv subgroup c, requires >102 infectious units virus inoculated in mid embryogenesis. the most conspicuous symptoms of the disease were induced by alv subgroup c; however, significant differences in the occurrence of wasting disease were found among individual members of this subgroup. almost comparable pathogenicity was exhibited by alv subgroup d, whereas viruses of subgroups b and a proved to be ... | 2007 | 17364506 |
| basophilic intracytoplasmic viral matrix inclusions distributed widely in layer hens affected with avian-leukosis-virus-associated tumours. | layer hens (310 days old) affected with subcutaneous tumours were investigated pathologically. basopholic intracytoplasmic viral matrix inclusions (mis) were widely distributed in the chickens affected with subcutaneous myxoma rhabdomyosarcoma, perineuroma, glioma, intra-abdominal adenocarcinoma, and nephroblastoma. mis were observed in the myocardial cells and the impulse-conducting-system cells. they were also present in the smooth muscle cells of the arteries in the spleen and lungs, in the s ... | 2007 | 17364510 |
| retroviral inclusions in the enteric smooth muscle of a tumor-bearing young chicken. | a 15-cm segment of small intestine from a 7-wk-old broiler chicken presented for slaughter was encased by a firm, white mass. other tissues were grossly unremarkable. microscopically, the enteric serosa and peripheral muscularis of this segment of small intestine were replaced by a fibrosarcoma. numerous linear, intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusion bodies were present in smooth muscle cells of the muscularis of the small intestine, and a few similar inclusions were present in the muscularis ... | 2007 | 17461280 |
| epidemiological and pathological studies of subgroup j avian leukosis virus infections in chinese local "yellow" chickens. | epidemiological, pathological and molecular studies indicate that subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infections are widely spread in "yellow chickens" of local breeds in china. alv-j induced tumour mortality and the serological conversion rates to alv-j were very high in some breeder flocks. typical myelocytomatosis was demonstrated not only in livers, spleens, kidneys, and sternums, as in white meat-type chickens, but also in thymuses and the bursa of fabricius. especially, severe myeloid ... | 2007 | 17497335 |
| evidence for virus closely related to avian myeloblastosis-associated virus type 1 in a commercial stock of chickens. | a two-round nested polymerase chain reaction assay detected rous associated virus-1 (rav-1), a prototype laboratory strain of avian leukosis virus of subgroup a (alv-a). surprisingly, the test failed to detect three field isolates of alv-a but did detect virus in one commercial stock of chickens (stock f). the sequence analysis of a core of 290 nucleotides of the env gene gave evidence that the virus from stock f was closely related to avian myeloblastosis-associated virus type one (mav-1). othe ... | 2003 | 17585462 |
| genetic variation at the tumour virus b locus in commercial and laboratory chicken populations assessed by a medium-throughput or a high-throughput assay. | the tumour virus b (tvb) locus encodes cellular receptors mediating infection by three subgroups of avian leukosis virus (b, d, and e). three major alleles, tvb*s1, tvb*s3, and tvb*r, have been described. tvb*s1 encodes a cellular receptor mediating infection of subgroups b, d, and e. tvb*s3 encodes the receptor for two subgroups, b and d, and tvb*r encodes a dysfunctional receptor that does not permit infection by any of the subgroups, b, d, or e. genetic diversity at the tvb locus of chickens ... | 2007 | 17620174 |
| analysis of gene expression, copy number and palindrome formation with a dt40 enriched cdna microarray. | dt40 presents a unique opportunity to exploit newly available tools for chicken genomic analysis. a 13k chicken cdna microarray representing 11447 non-overlapping ests has been developed. this array detects expression of 7086 dt40 genes of which_644 are over-expressed 3-fold or greater and 1585 are under-expressed 3-fold or greater relative to normal post-hatch bursal cell populations. changes in rna expression due to single gene alterations can be detected by expression profiling. for example, ... | 2006 | 17623909 |
| basic cell culture conditions. | the dt40 cell line is derived from alv (avian leukosis virus)-transformed bursal b cell of chicken. this cell line is suspension cell, and can be cultured in cell culture bottles and in culture plates (6-, 24- and 96-well etc.). optimal culture temperature for the dt40 is (39 degrees c-) 41 degrees c, because chicken has higher body temperature than human and mouse. here we summarize protocols for culture medium and condition of the dt40 cell line. | 2006 | 17623916 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction to differentiate avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroups: detection of an alv contaminant in commercial marek's disease vaccines. | avian leukosis viruses (alvs) are common in many poultry flocks and can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or any other test designed to identify p27, the group-specific antigen located in gag. however, endogenous retroviruses expressing p27 are often present and can be confused with exogenous alvs. a more specific and informative assay involves targeting the variable envelope glycoprotein gene (gp85) that is the basis for dividing alvs into their different subgroups. we desi ... | 2007 | 17992923 |
| influence of strain, dose of virus, and age at inoculation on subgroup j avian leukosis virus persistence, antibody response, and oncogenicity in commercial meat-type chickens. | the effects of viral strain, viral dose, and age of bird at inoculation on subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv j) persistence, neutralizing antibody (vnab) response, and tumors were studied in commercial meat-type chickens. chickens were inoculated on the fifth day of embryonation (5 ed) or on day of hatch (doh) with either 100 or 10,000 50% tissue-culture infective dose (tcid50) of one of three alv j strains, namely adol hcl, adol 6803, or adol 4817. at 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, and 32 wk p ... | 2007 | 17992933 |
| telomerase reverse transcriptase expression elevated by avian leukosis virus integration in b cell lymphomas. | simple retroviruses induce tumors by integrating into the host genome, activating cellular oncogenes and micrornas, or inactivating tumor suppressor genes. the identification of these genes elucidates molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. in this study, we identified avian leukosis virus (alv) proviral integration sites in rapid-onset b cell lymphomas arising <12 weeks after infection of chicken embryos. by using inverse pcr, 28 unique viral integration sites were identified in rapid-onset tumo ... | 2007 | 18024587 |
| detection and localization of naturally transmitted avian leukosis subgroup j virus in egg-type chickens by in situ pcr hybridization. | avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup j (alv-j) is an exogenous alv and causes myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. we have previously reported the isolation and identification of alv-j in commercial layer flocks from 12 farms in northern china. in this report, we further characterized this virus by in situ polymerase chain reaction (pcr) hybridization in various affected organs of chickens from six of the 12 farms. a routine method for hybridization of nucleic acid uses radioactive probe, such ... | 2007 | 18045338 |
| distribution of viral antigen gp85 and provirus in various tissues from commercial meat-type and experimental white leghorn line 0 chickens with different subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection profiles. | immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were used to test for the presence of avian leukosis virus (alv) j viral antigen gp85 and proviral dna, respectively, in various tissues (adrenal gland, bone marrow, gonad, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, proventriculus, sciatic nerve, spleen, and thymus). tissues were collected from 32-week-old commercial meat-type and avian disease and oncology laboratory experimental white leghorn line 0 chickens with the following different infec ... | 2008 | 18202944 |
| molecular epidemiology of avian leukosis virus subgroup j and evolutionary history of its 3' untranslated region. | avian leukosis subgroup j (alv-j) causes a variety of tumors and mortality in meat-type chickens. since its discovery in the late 1980s, alv-j has spread to breeding stock produced by most primary breeding companies of north america, the european union, and asia. alv-j seems to have been eradicated from elite breeding stock produced by most primary breeders, albeit alv-j still circulates in some commercial poultry. this study was undertaken to examine the molecular epidemiology and evolution of ... | 2007 | 18251406 |
| quantitative evaluation of dna methylation patterns for alve and tvb genes in a neoplastic disease susceptible and resistant chicken model. | chicken endogenous viruses, alve (avian leukosis virus subgroup e), are inherited as ltr (long terminal repeat) retrotransposons, which are negatively correlated with disease resistance, and any changes in dna methylation may contribute to the susceptibility to neoplastic disease. the relationship between alve methylation status and neoplastic disease in the chicken is undefined. white leghorn inbred lines 7(2) and 6(3) at the adol have been respectively selected for resistance and susceptibilit ... | 2008 | 18320050 |
| [sequence analysis for the complete provial genome of endogenous avian leukosis virus strain sd0501]. | the genomic dna extracted from chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) of spf chickens from three chicken farms was used as template to amplify the alv proviral dna by pcr with four pairs of primers, high positive detection rates of gag - gene (29/46), pol - gene (27/46), env - gene (24/46) and ltr fragment (31/46) were achieved. eight continuous and overlapping fragments were amplified from one dna sample with 8 pairs of primers according to published sequences, then cloned into the ta vector and se q ... | 2008 | 18320823 |
| a recombinant avian leukosis virus associated with fowl glioma in layer chickens in japan. | fowl glioma is characterized by multiple nodular growth of astrocytes, and fowl glioma-inducing virus belonging to avian leukosis virus has been isolated from japanese bantam as a causal agent. subcutaneous neoplasms of the head and neck have been reported in layer chickens since 2003 in japan, and fowl glioma concurred in these affected layers. in the present study, the histopathology of 240 layers, including 18 layers with subcutaneous neoplasms and 222 layers kept with the affected layers, wa ... | 2008 | 18393089 |
| prevalence of fowl glioma-inducing virus in chickens of zoological gardens in japan and nucleotide variation in the env gene. | fowl glioma-inducing virus (fgv), which belongs to subgroup a of avian leukosis virus (alv), is tumorigenic in the nervous system. in a zoological garden in japan, approximately 40% of chickens, including japanese fowls, were infected with fgv. because this zoological garden plays a role as a major supplier of japanese fowl for other zoological gardens, fgv infection is suspected to have spread among ornamental chickens. in this study, the prevalence of the disease was examined in a total of 129 ... | 2008 | 18525168 |
| endogenous viral genes influence infection with avian leukosis virus. | the influence of endogenous viral (ev) genes on avian leukosis virus (alv) infection was studied in alv-free white leghorn chickens exposed to chicks from alv shedding dams. the study included four lines, each segregating for one ev gene, one line free of ev genes, and four commercial stocks segregating for a number of ev genes. genes ev12 and ev21 that produce the complete endogenous virus were associated with significant reductions in antibody response to alv. in commercial stocks with ev21 in ... | 1995 | 18645822 |
| an outbreak of lymphomas in commercial broiler breeder chickens vaccinated with a fowlpox vaccine contaminated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | gross and microscopic examinations of affected tissues from chickens of two commercial broiler breeder flocks aged 27 and 31 weeks revealed lesions of visceral lymphomas with bursal involvement in some chickens. reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), but not avian leukosis virus (alv), was isolated from blood of affected chickens. furthermore, dna extracted from tumours tested positive for rev, but not for alv or marek's disease virus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test. attempts to determine th ... | 1996 | 18645835 |
| development of an alloantiserum (r2) that detects susceptibility of chickens to subgroup e endogenous avian leukosis virus. | an alloantiserum, termed r2, specifically agglutinates red blood cells (rbc) from line 100b chickens that are susceptible to avian leukosis viruses (alv) belonging to subgroups b and e, but does not agglutinate rbc from congenic inbred line 7(2) chickens that are resistant to alv b and e. the r2 antigen was also detected on lymphocytes and thrombocytes. using chickens from a special cross, it was found that r2 reactivity requires that the chickens must: (1) be susceptible to infection by alv-e; ... | 1996 | 18645878 |
| molecular characterization of three recombinant isolates of avian leukosis virus obtained from contaminated marek's disease vaccines. | three natural recombinant avian leukosis viruses (alv; pdrc-1039, pdrc-3246, and pdrc-3249) expressing a subgroup a gp85 envelope protein and containing long terminal repeats (ltr) of endogenous alv-e viruses were isolated from contaminated commercial marek's disease vaccines, cloned, and completely sequenced. their full genomes were analyzed and compared with representative strains of alv. the proviral dna of all three isolates displayed 99.3% identity to each other, suggesting a possible commo ... | 2008 | 18646453 |
| endogenous leukosis viral antigen in eggs from meat-type chickens on an avian leukosis virus eradication programme. | in an effort to eliminate exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) from a susceptible population, albumen of one egg per hen from each of four generations was tested by elisa for group-specific antigen (gsa) of leukosis/sarcoma viruses. from 1510 to 2099 hens were tested in each generation. hens were not used as breeders if optical density readings for gsa were 0.4 or greater. despite this procedure, there was no appeciable change in the occurrence of gsa in eggs from one generation to the next and ... | 1992 | 18670937 |
| feather pulp as a source of antibody to avian viruses. | feather pulp from white leghorns that had been inoculated with the rav-1 strain of avian leukosis virus (alv) was tested for antibody by elisa. in an elisa on three feather pulps and serum from each of four inoculated chickens, there was a highly significant correlation between antibody levels in feather pulp (1 pulp per 800 mul of buffer) and a 1:500 dilution of serum. also based on elisa, there were highly significant correlations between levels of maternal and actively acquired antibody to ne ... | 1992 | 18670946 |
| detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus infection using the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was shown to be a sensitive and useful method for detection of infection by members of the group of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). genomic dna extracted from chick embryo fibroblasts (cefs), blood and tumours of chickens experimentally infected with the spleen necrosis virus (snv) strain of rev was used as the target for chain elongation. deoxyoligonucleotide primers that encompass a portion of the unique 3', repeat and unique 5' region of the long t ... | 1993 | 18671039 |