| antigenic evaluation of a recombinant baculovirus-expressed sarcocystis neurona sag1 antigen. | sarcocystis neurona is the primary parasite associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm). this is a commonly diagnosed neurological disorder in the americas that infects the central nervous system of horses. current serologic assays utilize culture-derived parasites as antigen. this method requires large numbers of parasites to be grown in culture, which is labor intensive and time consuming. also, a culture-derived whole-parasite preparation contains conserved antigens that could cr ... | 2004 | 15562602 |
| survival of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica). | toxoplasma gondii has recently been recognized to be widely prevalent in the marine environment. it has previously been determined that eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) can remove sporulated t. gondii oocysts from seawater and that oocysts retain their infectivity for mice. this study examined the long-term survival of t. gondii oocysts in oysters and examined how efficient oysters were at removing oocysts from seawater. oysters in 76-l aquaria (15 oysters per aquarium) were exposed to 1 ... | 2004 | 15562605 |
| biologic and molecular characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates from striped skunk (mephitis mephitis), canada goose (branta canadensis), black-winged lory (eos cyanogenia), and cats (felis catus). | toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. type i isolates are considered virulent to outbred mice, whereas type ii and iii isolates are not. in the present report, viable t. gondii was isolated for the first time from striped skunk (mephitis mephitis), canada goose (branta canadensis), and black-winged lory (eos cyanogenia). for the isolation of t. gondii, tissues were bioassayed in mice, and genotyping was based on the sag2 locus. toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 3 o ... | 2004 | 15562622 |
| toxoplasmosis - a waterborne zoonosis. | humans become infected with toxoplasma gondii mainly by ingesting uncooked meat containing viable tissue cysts or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts from the feces of infected cats. circumstantial evidence suggests that oocyst-induced infections in humans are clinically more severe than tissue cyst-acquired infections. until recently, water-borne transmission of t. gondii was considered uncommon but a large human outbreak linked to contamination of a municipal water reservoir i ... | 2004 | 15567579 |
| prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm and household cats in spain. | seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii was tested for in 585 cats in different regions of spain. sera were tested by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat). specific antitoxoplasma igg (ifat titer>or=1/80) were found in 189 of 585 (32.3%): 117 of 317 (36.9%) stray cats, 16 of 48 (33.3%) farm cats and 56 of 220 (25.5%) household cats. the overall prevalence was significantly higher in stray groups (36.4% of 365) than in household cats (25.5% of 220), higher in adult cats (>6 months old ... | 2004 | 15567588 |
| preventing congenital toxoplasmosis. | scope of the problem: toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. acute infections in pregnant women can be transmitted to the fetus and cause severe illness (e.g., mental retardation, blindness, and epilepsy). an estimated 400-4,000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur each year in the united states. of the 750 deaths attributed to toxoplasmosis each year, 375 (50%) are believed to be caused by eating contaminated meat, making toxoplasmosis the third l ... | 2000 | 15580732 |
| enteric protozoal diseases. | the most common protozoal agents infecting the gastrointestinal tract of cats are giardia spp, cryptosporidium spp, cystoisospora spp, sarcocystis spp, besnoitia spp, hammondia spp, toxoplasma gondii, entamoeba histolytica, and tritrichomonas fetus. | 2005 | 15627628 |
| detection of toxoplasma oocysts from soil by modified sucrose flotation and pcr methods. | a detection method of toxoplasma gondii oocysts from soil was evaluated using the sucrose flotation technique with modification involving addition of 0.1% gelatin into washing and floating solutions. pcr was performed on untreated samples and after treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp), heating and cooling, and nacl. the addition of gelatin in the sucrose solution yielded a higher number of oocysts. a very thin band was observed when dna extract was diluted to 1:1024, indicating the presence ... | 2004 | 15691123 |
| risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: implications for prenatal management and screening. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether demographic characteristics, history of exposure to recognized transmission vehicles, or illness that was compatible with acute toxoplasmosis during gestation identified most mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis. | 2005 | 15696004 |
| ultrastructural differentiation of toxoplasma gondii schizonts (types b to e) and gamonts in the intestines of cats fed bradyzoites. | the ultrastructural characterisitics of four types of toxoplasma gondii schizonts (types b, c, d and e) and their merozoites, microgamonts and macrogamonts were compared in cats killed at days 1, 2, 4 and 6 after feeding tissues cysts from the brains of mice. schizonts, merozoites and gamonts contained most of the ultrastructural features characteristic of the phylum apicomplexa. all four types of schizonts developed within enterocytes or intraepithelial lymphocytes. occasionally, type b and c s ... | 2004 | 15710440 |
| comparison of a commercial elisa with the modified agglutination test for detection of toxoplasma infection in the domestic pig. | the modified agglutination test (mat) and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared for detection of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in naturally-infected market-aged pigs. infected pigs were obtained from commercial slaughter facilities and from farms where infection had previously been detected. infection was confirmed by bioassay in cats. for 70 bioassay positive pigs, 60 were positive by mat (85.7% sensitivity) and 62 were positive by elisa (88.6% sensi ... | 2005 | 15740853 |
| toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. | pregnant women who acquire infection from toxoplasma gondii usually remain asymptomatic, although they can still transmit the infection to their fetuses with severe consequences. given the asymptomatic nature of most toxoplasma infections, primary prevention in pregnant women may lower the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. both consumption of undercooked meat and unprotected contact with soil are independent risk factors for t. gondii seroconversion during pregnancy, while contact with cat litte ... | 2005 | 15745715 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection in rural guatemalan children. | to determine the prevalence and risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in guatemalan children, in 1999 and 2003 we surveyed caretakers and serologically tested children in the san juan sacatepequez area using platelia toxo igg tmb enzyme immunoassay kits. in 1999, of 532 children six months to two years old, 66 (12.4%) were antibody positive. in 2003, in 500 children 3-10 years old antibody prevalence increased from 24% to 43% at age five years then leveled off. by multivariate analysis, d ... | 2005 | 15772325 |
| toxoplasmosis in pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) raised in captivity. | manuls or pallas' cats (felis manul, syn. otocolobus manul) are endangered wild cats from central asia kept and bred in many zoos. despite good breeding success young cats frequently die from acute toxoplasmosis. from 1998 to 2002, a breeding pair in the schönbrunn zoo in vienna, austria, gave birth to 24 kittens; 58 % of kittens died between the 2nd and the 14th week of life, mostly due to acute toxoplasmosis. the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pallas' cats was examined and a control strategy ... | 2005 | 15796012 |
| differential localization of alternatively spliced hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase isoforms in toxoplasma gondii. | a unique feature of the toxoplasma gondii purine salvage pathway is the expression of two isoforms of the hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosophoribosyltransferase (hxgprt) of the parasite encoded by a single genetic locus. these isoforms differ in the presence or absence of a 49-amino acid insertion (which is specified by a single differentially spliced exon) but exhibit similar substrate specificity, kinetic characteristics, and temporal expression patterns. to examine possible functional diffe ... | 2005 | 15814612 |
| maternal inheritance and stage-specific variation of the apicoplast in toxoplasma gondii during development in the intermediate and definitive host. | the structure and location of toxoplasma gondii apicoplasts were examined in intermediate and definitive hosts and shown to vary in a stage-specific manner. immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy studies were used to identify changes in the morphology of apicoplasts and in their enoyl reductase (enr) content during asexual and sexual development. apicoplasts in tachyzoites were small, multimembraned organelles anterior to nuclei that divided and segregated with the nuclei during endodyogeny ... | 2005 | 15821140 |
| effects of cd28 blockade on subsets of naïve t cells in cats. | to determine whether human ctla4-ig ([hu]ctla4-ig) inhibits costimulation-dependent lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, compare the effects of (hu)ctla4-ig with cyclosporine and steroids on cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell lymphocyte proliferation, and determine whether memory t-cell function remains intact in the presence of (hu)ctla4-ig. | 2005 | 15822594 |
| parasitic zoonoses in papua new guinea. | relatively few species of zoonotic parasites have been recorded in humans in papua new guinea. a greater number of potentially zoonotic species, mostly nematodes, occur in animals but are yet to be reported from humans. protozoa is the best represented group of those infecting man, with giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclospora cayetanesis, toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis spp., entamoeba polecki, balantidium coli and, possibly, blastocystis hominis. the only zoonotic helminths infect ... | 2005 | 15831107 |
| feline cutaneous toxoplasmosis: a case report. | a 9-year-old female, domestic short hair cat was presented with sudden onset of polyuria/polydipsia, and hundreds of cutaneous nodules. prior to referral, the cat had had four skin nodules that were treated with steroids. the four skin nodules then multiplied to form more than 100 ulcerated and nonulcerated nodules located all over the trunk. clinical evaluation revealed hypothermia and respiratory distress. cytology from both skin nodules and bronchoalveolar lavage showed macrophages and small ... | 2005 | 15842545 |
| first biologic and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from africa (democratic republic of congo, mali, burkina faso, and kenya). | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens (gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. in the present study, prevalence of t. gondii in chickens from democratic republic of congo, mali, burkina faso, and kenya is reported. the prevalence of t. gondii antibodies in sera of 50 free-range chickens from congo was 50% based on the modified agglutination test (mat); antibody titers were 1:5 in 7, 1: ... | 2005 | 15856874 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in dogs from the state of paraíba, northeast region of brazil. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to antibodies against t. gondii and n. caninum in dogs of the city of campina grande, state of paraiba, northeast region of brazil. for this purpose, 286 blood samples were collected from dogs during the rabies vaccination campaign, in september 2003, and on this occasion questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects ... | 2004 | 15894024 |
| toxoplasma gondii-like organisms in skin aspirates from a cat with disseminated protozoal infection. | an 8-year-old, male domestic shorthair cat was referred to the matthew j. ryan veterinary hospital of the university of pennsylvania with a 3-day history of lethargy, inappetance, hyperemic skin nodules, coughing, and vomiting. laboratory results included nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. cytology of the skin nodules revealed many spindle- to crescent-shaped proto ... | 2005 | 15902669 |
| intracranial toxoplasma gondii granuloma in a cat. | an 8-year-old cat with recent-onset generalized seizures was diagnosed with a right forebrain mass using magnetic resonance imaging. the mass was excised and upon histologic and immunohistochemical examination shown to be a toxoplasma gondii granuloma. serology supported active t gondii infection. the cat was treated with phenobarbital to control seizures. after definitive diagnosis of toxoplasma granuloma, clindamycin was administered for approximately 1 month. seizures recurred 8 months after ... | 2005 | 15914056 |
| suspected toxoplasma-associated myocarditis in a cat. | clinical toxoplasmosis is commonly reported in the cat, with the most consistent findings being ocular, pulmonic, hepatic, neurological, gastrointestinal and muscular abnormalities. myocarditis, whilst frequently identified at post-mortem examination, has not been identified ante-mortem. in immunocompromised humans, myocarditis associated with toxoplasmosis is not an uncommon complication. in such cases, lymphocytic myocardial infiltration can lead to depressed myocardial function, which can be ... | 2005 | 15922227 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in clinically ill cats in the united states. | to determine regional seroprevalence estimates of toxoplasma gondi-specific igm and igg in clinically ill cats throughout the united states. sample population-sera from 12,628 clinically ill, client-owned cats. | 2005 | 15934615 |
| unexpected oocyst shedding by cats fed toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites: in vivo stage conversion and strain variation. | tachyzoites, bradyzoites (in tissue cysts), and sporozoites (in oocysts) are the three infectious stages of toxoplasma gondii. the prepatent period (time to shedding of oocysts after primary infection) varies with the stage of t. gondii ingested by the cat. the prepatent period (pp) after ingesting bradyzoites is short (3-10 days) while it is long (18 days or longer) after ingesting oocysts or tachyzoites, irrespective of the dose. the conversion of bradyzoites to tachyzoites and tachyzoites to ... | 2005 | 16024176 |
| genetic and biologic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii infections in free-range chickens from austria. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from 11 bio-farms in austria was determined. antibodies to t. gondii assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat) were found in 302 of 830 (36.3%) chickens with titers of 1:10 in 50, 1:20 in 69, 1:40 in 53, 1:80 in 40, 1:160 or higher in 90. hearts of 21 ... | 2005 | 16039065 |
| a decade of discoveries in veterinary protozoology changes our concept of "subclinical" toxoplasmosis. | one of the most compelling topics to emerge from the last decade of veterinary protozoology is disease caused by a zoonotic pathogen, toxoplasma gondii, in otherwise healthy people. these findings may catch the health professions by surprise, because veterinary and medical courses and textbooks typically emphasize that t. gondii infections are subclinical, unless acquired in utero or the patient has a serious immunosuppressive condition. nevertheless, numerous reports in the last decade associat ... | 2005 | 16095840 |
| genetic and biologic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from colombia, south america. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 77 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from colombia, south america was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat), and found in 32 (44.4%) of 72 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 4, 1:10 in 3, 1:20 in 1, 1:40 in 1, 1:80 in 8, 1:160 in 8, 1:320 in 3, ... | 2005 | 16105721 |
| isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from chickens in grenada, west indies. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 102 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from grenada was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies were found in 53 (52%) chickens with titers of 1:5 in 6, 1:10 in 4, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 4, 1:80 in 15, 1:160 in 9, 1: 320 in 5, 1:640 in 4 ... | 2005 | 16108546 |
| prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in raccoons (procyon lotor) from an urban area of northern virginia. | raccoons (procyon lotor) are intermediate hosts for toxoplasma gondii, and clinical toxoplasmosis in raccoons has been reported. a 2-yr serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii in raccoons collected from fairfax county, virginia, a suburban/urban area outside washington, d.c. serum samples from 256 raccoons were examined for t. gondii antibodies at a 1:50 dilution using the modified direct agglutination test. results indicated that 216 (84.4%) of th ... | 2005 | 16108570 |
| effects of high pressure processing on infectivity of toxoplasma gondii oocysts for mice. | high pressure processing (hpp) has been shown to be an effective non-thermal method of eliminating non-spore forming bacteria from a variety of food products. the shelf-life of the products is extended and the sensory features of the food are not or only minimally effected by hpp the present study examined the effects of hpp using a commercial scale unit on the viability of toxoplasma gondii oocysts. oocysts were exposed from 100 to 550 mpa for 1 min in the hpp unit and then hpp treated oocysts ... | 2005 | 16110575 |
| prevention of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: knowledge of risk factors. | infection with toxoplasma gondii is common and usually asymptomatic, although it can have catastrophic consequences in a pregnant woman if passed to her developing fetus. counseling of pregnant women about risk factor reduction may reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. this study was undertaken to assess and compare the knowledge of obstetricians and internists or family practitioners regarding well-established risk factors for toxoplasmosis infection. | 2005 | 16126501 |
| [risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in armenia, colombia]. | to determine the risk factors associated with acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy in armenia. | 2005 | 16149277 |
| differential detection of hammondia hammondi from toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction. | hammondia hammondi and toxoplasma gondii are two related coccidian parasites, with cats as definitive hosts and warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. it is difficult to differentiate them by morphological and serological parameters. in the present study, primers were designed to specifically amplify the its-1 region of h. hammondi to differentiate it from t. gondii. attempts were made to detect the presence of h. hammondi dna in the tissues of mice infected with h. hammondi alone, as well ... | 2005 | 16153883 |
| ultrastructural findings in feline corneal sequestra. | (1) to describe the ultrastructural features of corneal sequestra in cats; and (2) to enhance our understanding regarding the pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestration. | 2005 | 16178839 |
| a novel rhoptry protein in toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites and merozoites. | the secretory organelles of toxoplasma gondii orchestrate invasion of the host cell and establish the parasitophorous vacuole. although much has been learned about the roles played by these organelles in invasion by the tachyzoite stage, little is known about the contents or functions of these organelles during bradyzoite development or pathogenesis. we identified a novel protein that localizes to the rhoptries of the bradyzoite stage, but is absent from the tachyzoite stage. this protein, brp1, ... | 2005 | 16182390 |
| oocysts of neospora caninum, hammondia heydorni, toxoplasma gondii and hammondia hammondi in faeces collected from dogs in germany. | faecal samples of 24,089 dogs were examined coproscopically in two veterinary laboratories in germany between march 2001 and october 2004. in 47 dogs, oocysts of 9-14 microm size were found. their morphology was similar to those of hammondia heydorni and neospora caninum. samples of 28 of these dogs were further examined by inoculation into gerbils: seven isolates induced a specific antibody response against antigens of n. caninum nc-1 tachyzoites. this response suggests that the isolates contai ... | 2005 | 16197949 |
| toxoplasma gondii: partial cross-protection among several strains of the parasite against congenital transmission in a rat model. | rats were immunized with cysts of two toxoplasma strains or with rh strain tachyzoites prior to pregnancy. the litters of the 13 rats that received homologous challenges with cysts during pregnancy, were all protected, whereas of 173 rats that received heterologous challenges with cysts or oocysts, only 21 protected their litters. 38.3 and 17% of rats immunized with the rh and with complete strains respectively, and 57% of control rats challenged with cysts, transmitted the infection congenitall ... | 2006 | 16202411 |
| [toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic animals in the town of vologda]. | | 2005 | 16212091 |
| cyclic nucleotide kinases and tachyzoite-bradyzoite transition in toxoplasma gondii. | the ability of toxoplasma gondii to cycle between the tachyzoite and bradyzoite life stages in intermediate hosts is key to parasite survival and the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis. studies from a number of laboratories indicate that differentiation in t. gondii is a stress-induced phenomenon. the signalling pathways or molecular mechanisms that control formation of the latent bradyzoite stage are unknown and specific effectors of differentiation have not been identified. we engineered a reporter ... | 2006 | 16216248 |
| a serological and fecal parasitologic survey of the critically endangered pygmy raccoon (procyon pygmaeus). | the pygmy raccoon (procyon pygmaeus) of cozumel island, mexico, is among the most endangered carnivores in the world, and causes of its decline are unclear. during 2002 and 2003, we sampled approximately 10% of the remaining population to survey exposure to viral and parasitic pathogens that may have contributed to population decline. we found evidence of exposure to infectious canine hepatitis, canine distemper, feline panleukopenia virus, and toxoplasma gondii. the latter is suggestive of spil ... | 2005 | 16244074 |
| seroprevalence of acquired toxoplasmosis in hiv-infected and apparently healthy individuals in jos, nigeria. | toxoplasma gondii igg antibody seroprevalence was studied in two different populations of 219 hiv-infected patients and 144 apparently healthy individuals (ahis). clinical toxoplasmosis was assessed among the hiv-infected patients. antibodies to t. gondii were detected in 85 (38.8%, 95% ci: 32.36%-45.26%) of the hiv-infected patients and in 30 (20.8%, 95% ci: 14.20%-27.46%) of the ahis. among the aihs, males represented 22.0% of infections compared to females (20.0%) and individuals within age g ... | 2005 | 16252478 |
| attachment and invasion of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum to epithelial and fibroblast cell lines in vitro. | attachment and invasion of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum to a cat and a dog fibroblast cell line and 2 epithelial cell lines (a cat kidney and vero) were compared in vitro using fluorescence antibody methodology. in addition, trypsin treatment of tachyzoites was used to determine whether protein molecules were essential to the process of invasion. the results show that both t. gondii and n. caninum invaded all 4 cell lines, and that pre-treatment of t. gondii tachyzoites with trypsin ca ... | 2005 | 16255816 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection in cats from são paulo state, brazil: seroprevalence, oocyst shedding, isolation in mice, and biologic and molecular characterization. | cats are the most important hosts in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals. serologic and parasitological prevalence of t. gondii were determined in 237 cats from 15 counties in são paulo state, brazil. antibodies to t. gondii were found in a 1:25 dilution of serum of 84 (35.4%) out of 237 cats by the modified agglutination test (mat). samples of brain, heart, tongue, and limb muscles (total 50 g) of 71 of the seropositive cats were pooled for each cat, digested ... | 2006 | 16289158 |
| direct genotyping of animal and human isolates of toxoplasma gondii from colombia (south america). | genetic analysis of the sag2 locus was performed to determine the prevalence of the main genotypes of toxoplasma gondii (sag2 types i, ii, and iii) associated with humans, cats, birds and guinea pig toxoplasmosis in colombia. this typing was directly performed on clinical samples and autopsy material from human or animals. a total of 50 from 146 samples were positive by specific b1 toxoplasma pcr assay and then were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in pcr-amplified sag2 produ ... | 2006 | 16310753 |
| prevalence of viable toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the united states: risk assessment to consumers. | the prevalence of viable toxoplasma gondii was determined in 6,282 samples (2,094 each of beef, chicken, and pork) obtained from 698 retail meat stores from 28 major geographic areas of the united states. each sample consisted of a minimum of 1 kg of meat purchased from the retail meat case. to detect viable t. gondii, meat samples were fed to t. gondii-free cats and feces of cats were examined for oocyst shedding. initially, 100 g of meat from 6 individual samples of a given species were pooled ... | 2005 | 16419752 |
| exploring the ecologic basis for extreme susceptibility of pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) to fatal toxoplasmosis. | recent efforts by north american zoos to establish a genetically viable captive population of pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) have been compromised by high newborn mortality (approximately 60%), primarily because of toxoplasmosis. the basis for this extreme susceptibility to toxoplasmosis is unknown. in the present study, the general health status of wild pallas' cats in mongolia was evaluated, including assessment of basal hematologic parameters and fecal corticoid metabolite concentrations. th ... | 2005 | 16456157 |
| clinical sarcocystis neurona, sarcocystis canis, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum infections in dogs. | sarcocystis neurona, sarcocystis canis, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum are related apicomplexans that can cause systemic illness in many species of animals, including dogs. we investigated one breeder's 25 basset hounds for these infections. in addition, tissues from dogs and other non-canine hosts previously reported as s. canis infections were studied retrospectively. schizonts resembling those of s. neurona, and recognized by polyclonal rabbit anti-s. neurona antibodies, were found i ... | 2006 | 16458431 |
| antemortem diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis in two cats on cyclosporin therapy. | clinical toxoplasmosis was diagnosed antemortem in two cats being treated with therapeutic doses of cyclosporin. the diagnosis was made by detecting tachyzoites on cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from one case and pleural effusion from the other. despite early diagnosis and aggressive treatment in both cases, only one cat survived. reactivation of latent toxoplasma gondii infection secondary to cyclosporin-induced immunosuppression was considered likely in both cases. the ... | 2006 | 16498831 |
| prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum and aqueous humor samples from cats with uveitis or systemic diseases in france. | anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies were determined in serum and aqueous humor of two groups of cats in france: cats with uveitis (group 1, n=26) and cats with systemic disease (group 2, n=24) using an agglutination test. titres above 1:64 were considered positive. igg antibodies to t. gondii were detected in 10 serum samples from group 1 and in 10 serum samples from group 2, and in 2 aqueous humor samples from group 1 and in 1 aqueous humor samples from group 2. the distribution of ocular lesions ... | 2006 | 16522353 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in stray and household cats in tehran. | the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii specific igg in stray and household cats in tehran was determined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) on serum samples from 100 cats (50 stray and 50 households). overall infection rate was 63%. the infection rate in stray cats (90%) was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of household cats (36%). last serum positive dilutions varied from 1: 32 to 1: 512 titres in which the highest percentage (27%) was for 1:256 and the least (4.8%) was at 1 ... | 2006 | 16529863 |
| toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens from venezuela: isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii, in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 46 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from venezuela was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies were found in 16 (32%) chickens with titers of 1:5 in 1, 1:10 in 2, 1:40 in 2, 1:80 in 2, 1:160 in 2, 1:320 in 3, 1: 640 in 2, and 1: ... | 2005 | 16539013 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from argentina. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 61 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from provinces of santiago del estero and entre rios, argentina was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat) and were found in 25 chickens; titers were 1:5 in 6 chickens, 1:10 in 1 chicken, 1:20 in 2 chicke ... | 2005 | 16539014 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from chickens from sri lanka. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 100 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from sri lanka was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies were found in 39 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 8, 1:10 in 8, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 5, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 5, 1:320 in 2, 1:640 or more ... | 2005 | 16539035 |
| [intestinal parasites in dogs and cats with gastrointestinal symptoms in santiago, chile]. | there is an increasing importance of pet-transmitted infections, some of those are considered emerging infections. | 2006 | 16554927 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in goats and sheep in zimbabwe. | seroprevalence rates of toxoplasma gondii anti-antibodies in adult goats and sheep from different parts of zimbabwe were determined. a total of 225 (67.9%) of the 335 serum samples tested were positive for anti-t. gondii igg antibodies with the indirect fluorescent antibody test. there were differences in antibody seroprevalences among communal land goats from the different agro-ecological zones (natural regions llb and iii: 80 and 96.7%, respectively; natural region iv: 65.9%; natural region v: ... | 2005 | 16562728 |
| biologic and genetic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from costa rica, central america. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 144 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from costa rica was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat), and found in 60 (40.1%) of 144 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 16, 1:10 in 5, 1:20 in 2, 1:40 in 3, 1:80 in 5, and 1:160 or higher in 29. tissue ... | 2006 | 16567042 |
| parasites as causative agents of human affective disorders? the impact of anti-psychotic, mood-stabilizer and anti-parasite medication on toxoplasma gondii's ability to alter host behaviour. | with increasing pressure to understand transmissible agents, renewed recognition of infectious causation of both acute and chronic diseases is occurring. epidemiological and neuropathological studies indicate that some cases of schizophrenia may be associated with environmental factors, such as exposure to the ubiquitous protozoan toxoplasma gondii. reasons for this include t. gondii's ability to establish persistent infection within the central nervous system, its ability to manipulate intermed ... | 2006 | 16627289 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from amazon, brazil. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 50 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from amazon, brazil, was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat) and found in 33 (66%) chickens with titers of 1:5 in 3, 1:10 in 2, 1:20 in 1, 1:40 in 1, 1:80 in 2, 1:160 in 5, 1:200 in 9, 1:400 in 5, 1:80 ... | 2006 | 16629312 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from portugal. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 225 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from portugal was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat) and found in 61 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 8, 1:10 in 6, 1:20 in 3, 1:40 in 23, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 4, 1:320 in 8, and 1:640 or higher in 4. h ... | 2006 | 16629334 |
| toxoplasma gondii and chlamydophila abortus in caprine abortions in tobago: a sero-epidemiological study. | a sero-epidemiological study was conducted on a goat farm that experienced an abortion epidemic in the 2005 breeding season in tobago. serum samples of goats (aborting and non-aborting) and cats were collected, in addition to the use of stored sera from the farm sampled in 2003 and 2004. farm records on the reproductive and mortality rates for year 2003, 2004 and 2005 were also reviewed. the sera were screened for toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the latex agglutination test (lat), chlamydophi ... | 2006 | 16629987 |
| comparative infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites of toxoplasma gondii for intermediate (mice) and definitive (cats) hosts. | tachyzoites, bradyzoites (in tissue cysts), and sporozoites (in oocysts) are the three infectious stages of toxoplasma gondii. the prepatent period (time to shedding of oocysts after primary infection) varies with the stage of t. gondii ingested by the cat. the prepatent period (pp) after ingesting bradyzoites is short (3-10 days) while it is long (18 days or longer) after ingesting oocysts or tachyzoites. the conversion of bradyzoites to tachyzoites and tachyzoites to bradyzoites is biologicall ... | 2006 | 16647212 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from chile, south america. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 85 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from chile was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat), and found in 47 of 85 (55.3.9%) chickens with titers of 1:5 in six, 1:10 in four, 1:20 in four 1: 40 in three, 1: 80 in nine, 1: 160 in four 1:320 in ... | 2006 | 16672177 |
| serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) from urban sydney, australia. | the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) has well adapted to increasing urbanization, resulting in greater interaction with humans and their domestic pets. wildlife species in urban areas face a higher risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens and may be affected by parasites hosted by cats (toxoplasma gondii) or dogs (neospora caninum), yet it is unknown to what extent urban t. vulpecula are exposed to these parasites. antibodies to t. gondii and n. caninum were assayed in sera of 142 a ... | 2006 | 16729682 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) from mexico. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from domestic rabbits from 3 rabbit farms in mexico. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 77 (26.9%) of 286 animals. on the farm with the higher rearing standards, the seroprevalence was 18.7%, whereas on the farm with medium standards and another managed by a family, seroprevalence was 39.7 and 33.3%, respectively. this report is the first report concerning the prevalence of antibodie ... | 2006 | 16729701 |
| a probable outbreak of toxoplasmosis among boarding school students in turkey. | in total, 171 students from a boarding school in izmir, turkey, with mild and non-specific symptoms of toxoplasmosis, were screened during september-october 2002. all 171 students were seropositive for toxoplasma gondii igg and igm. of 43 students tested, 40 (93%) had low igg avidity. none showed evidence of ophthalmic involvement. the data suggest that t. gondii may spread rapidly in close living conditions, possibly following exposure to cat litter. this is the largest recent outbreak of toxop ... | 2006 | 16774565 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in cats from colombia, south america and genetic characterization of t. gondii isolates. | cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally-resistant oocysts. in the present study, prevalence of t. gondii was determined in serum, feces, and tissues of 170 unwanted cats from colombia, south america. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 77 of 170 (45.2%) cats with titers of <1:5 in 93, 1:5 in eight, 1:10 in 17, 1:20 in 10, 1:40 in seven, 1:80 in four, ... | 2006 | 16797845 |
| comparison of detection methods for toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected swine. | results from recent serological surveys and epidemiological studies show that pigs raised in a variety of management systems can be carriers of the tissue cyst stage of toxoplasma gondi. this parasite can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of improperly prepared pork, making detection and removal of infected swine carcasses from the food chain an important food safety issue. several methods are available for detection of t. gondii infected swine, including serological assays, polym ... | 2006 | 16815636 |
| toxoplasma gondii: cross-immunity against the enteric cycle. | eight of nine cats inoculated with strain me-49 and challenged with three different strains of toxoplasma were immune to oocyst shedding, as ascertained with bioassays of their feces. in a second experiment, only toxoplasma asexual stages were seen in h&e stained gut sections of cats treated with suppressive doses of sulfamerazine and pyrimethamine starting 2 days after oral inoculation with cysts of the strain me-49 and killed 6 days later. in a third experiment, four cats were similarly inocul ... | 2007 | 16828745 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in a public hospital in northern mexico. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) infection in pregnant women represents a risk for congenital disease. there is scarce information about the epidemiology of t. gondii infection in pregnant women in mexico. therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of t. gondii infection and associated socio-demographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics in a population of pregnant women of durango city, mexico. | 2006 | 16839423 |
| globalization and the population structure of toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects nearly all mammal and bird species worldwide. usually asymptomatic, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal to many hosts, including people. elucidating the contribution of genetic variation among parasites to patterns of disease transmission and manifestations has been the goal of many studies. focusing on the geographic component of this variation, we show that most genotypes are locale-specific, but some are found across continents and ... | 2006 | 16849431 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in sweden, estonia and iceland. | toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite, toxoplasma gondii which infects up to one-third of the world human population. toxoplasmosis in neonates and immunocompromised patients can lead to severe disease and death. we investigated the prevalence and risk factors for t. gondii infection in iceland, sweden and estonia, and tested the hypothesis that t. gondii infection causes systemic inflammation and protects against atopy. blood samples were collected from 1277 ... | 2006 | 16857606 |
| [prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in cats from olsztyn city]. | 17 serum samples from cats after surgery operations in one of veterinary clinic in olsztyn have been examined. the study on anti-toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin igg presence was carried out by direct agglutination method using the toxo-screen da test. 70.6% positive samples in 1:40 titration, 58.8% in 1:4000 titration and 5.9% questionable result in both dilutions were obtained. | 2004 | 16859040 |
| [selected problems in laboratory diagnostics of toxoplasma gondii infections]. | the article presents chosen problems concerning laboratory recognition of toxoplasma gondii infections. | 2004 | 16862803 |
| biologic and genetic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from nicaragua, central america. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 98 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from nicragua was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat), and found in 84 (85.7%) of 98 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 10, 1:10 in eight, 1:20 in seven, 1:40 in nine, 1:80 in 11, 1:160 in one, 1:200 in 27 ... | 2006 | 16876324 |
| [immune response and diagnostic aspects during toxoplasma gondii infection]. | toxoplasmosis is a common and generally benign disease in immunocompetent persons caused by toxoplasma gondii, which is an intestinal coccidian parasite of felines. diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is mainly based on the results of serological tests detecting anti-t. gondii specific antibodies, but t lymphocytes and cytokines they produce play a crucial role in determining the outcome of parasitic infection in terms of both protective immunity and immunopathology. | 2000 | 16883686 |
| [antigens of toxoplasma gondii]. | the paper presents antigenic structure of t. gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites in respect of potential use of some chosen antigens for diagnostic and immunoprophylactic purposes. | 2000 | 16883687 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and cats in grenada, west indies. | prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii was studied in 534 pregnant women and 40 domestic cats in grenada, west indies. antibodies (igg) for t. gondii were sought in human sera by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in cat sera by using the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies were found in 57 % of pregnant women. seroprevalence increased with age; 51% of 15- to 19-yr-old women (100 total) had antibodies versus 60% of 20- to 24-yr-old women (127 total). antibodies to t. ... | 2006 | 16884013 |
| [antigens of toxoplasma gondii]. | the paper presents antigenic structure of t. gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites in respect of potential use of some chosen antigens for diagnostic and immunoprophylactic purposes. | 1999 | 16888988 |
| effects of time and temperature on the viability of toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in enhanced pork loin. | enhanced or pumped pork products represent a significant proportion (40 to 50%) of the commercially available pork cuts available to consumers at the retail level. in a previous study, pork loins containing viable toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts were pumped with solutions containing 2% sodium chloride or 1.4% or higher potassium or sodium lactate and stored at 4 degrees c for 7 days. this treatment prevented transmission of t. gondii to cats. in the present study, enhanced pork loins were stored ... | 2006 | 16924924 |
| antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats from brazil. | the occurrence of antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii was determined in 400 domestic cats (siamese, persian, and undetermined breeds) from the municipality of araçatuba, sao paulo, brazil, through the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat). of the 400 cats, 100 were seropositive to t. gondii (25%, titer > or =64) and 98 to n. caninum (24.5%, titer > or =16). the rate of seropositive cats for t. gondii was correlated with age (chi(2)=35.7; p<0.001), with a higher number of in ... | 2007 | 16941188 |
| biologic and genetic comparison of toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from the northern pará state and the southern state rio grande do sul, brazil revealed highly diverse and distinct parasite populations. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in 84 free-range chickens (34 from the northern pará state, and 50 from rio grande do sul, the southern state) from brazil, south america was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat), and found in 39 (46.4%) of 84 chickens with titers of 1:10 in one, 1:20 in two, 1:40 in four, 1:80 in seven, 1:160 in five, 1:320 in six, 1:640 in eight and > or =1:1280 in six. hearts and brains of 45 chickens with titers of 1:20 ... | 2007 | 16982151 |
| cats and goat whey associated with toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs. | in organic livestock production systems, farm-management factors are thought to play an important role in the on-farm prevalence of toxoplasma gondii. serological results and the results of an haccp analysis were combined to determine important risk factors for the prevalence of this protozoan parasite. mathematical analysis demonstrated that feeding goat whey to pigs and the presence of a high number of cats were positively correlated to t. gondii seroprevalence in pigs. not covering roughage a ... | 2006 | 16989566 |
| transmission of toxoplasma gondii in an urban population of domestic cats (felis catus). | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and animal species worldwide. the relative importance of each potential transmission route in the complex life cycle of this coccidia is largely unknown, due to the lack of studies taking into account all routes simultaneously. in this study, we analyzed the transmission of t. gondii in an urban population of stray cats captured between 1993 and 2004. analyzing prevalence, our aim was to determine which factors influence transmission ... | 2006 | 16989836 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats and pigs from rural western amazon, brazil. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 63 cats and 80 pigs from 71 farms located at rondônia state, western amazon, brazil, by the modified agglutination test (mat) and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat). antibodies (mat > or = 1: 25) were found in 55 of 63 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 2, 1:100 in 7, 1:200 in 1, 1:400 in 2, 1:800 in 9, 1:1,600 in 6, and 1:3,200 or higher in 26 cats. by ifat, antibodies were found in 55 cats (87.3%) with titers ... | 2006 | 16995406 |
| can the common brain parasite, toxoplasma gondii, influence human culture? | the latent prevalence of a long-lived and common brain parasite, toxoplasma gondii, explains a statistically significant portion of the variance in aggregate neuroticism among populations, as well as in the 'neurotic' cultural dimensions of sex roles and uncertainty avoidance. spurious or non-causal correlations between aggregate personality and aspects of climate and culture that influence t. gondii transmission could also drive these patterns. a link between culture and t. gondii hypotheticall ... | 2006 | 17015323 |
| toxoplasmosis in captive bennett's wallabies (macropus rufogriseus) in argentina. | wallabies and other australian marsupials are among the most susceptible species to toxoplasma gondii. fatal generalized toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in two captive 3 year-old female bennett's wallabies (macropus rufogriseus) from argentina (w 1 and w 2) with a history of sudden death. both animals had internal joeys which died 2 days after their mothers. serologically, both females and one adult male without clinical signs from the same enclosure (w 3) had antibody titers for t. gondii>or=800 by ... | 2007 | 17056183 |
| isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens from guatemala. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in 50 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from guatemala was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies were found in 37 (74%) chickens with titers of 1:5 (11), 1:10 (7), 1:20 (11), 1:40 (1), 1:80 (1), 1:160 (3), 1:1,280 (2), and 1:2,560 ... | 2005 | 17089774 |
| serological screening and toxoplasmosis exposure factors among pregnant women in the democratic republic of sao tome and principe. | the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in the democratic republic of sao tome and principe (drstp) from november 2003 to march 2004 was determined by detection of serum anti-t. gondii antibodies. a short questionnaire interview for pregnant women was performed to investigate risk factors associated with t. gondii infection, including consumption of raw meat or unwashed vegetables, drinking unboiled water and keeping pets (cats and dogs). the overall seroprevalence ... | 2007 | 17113117 |
| toxoplasmosis in piglets. | seventeen-day-old piglets in a small holding farm in southern thailand manifested signs of convulsion, fever, and death. the morbidity and mortality rate were approximately 26.09% (6/23) and 4.35% (1/23), respectively. impression smear from lungs demonstrated tachyzoite stage of toxoplasma gondii. histopathological investigation revealed interstitial pneumonia. further investigation, blood collection, educating the farmer, and prescribed affected herd with sulfa-trimethoprim were performed soon ... | 2006 | 17135535 |
| risk factors associated with sero-positivity to toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from brazil. | from september 1995 to february 2001, blood samples were collected from 865 neotropical felids belonging to 8 different species. these animals were housed in 86 institutions located in 78 cities of 20 brazilian states. our goal was to identify the risk factors associated with sero-positivity to toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from brazil. all serum samples were tested by the modified agglutination test (mat), using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. for each an ... | 2007 | 17140683 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray cats and dogs in the bangkok metropolitan area, thailand. | cats and dogs are the most popular pet animals worldwide. cats are the natural reservoir of toxoplasma gondii and excrete the resistant oocyst to environments. on the other hands, dogs play a role in the mechanical transmission of the parasite. stray cats and dogs in the bangkok metropolitan area are becoming a public concern because there is a considerable increase in their number annually. these facts indicate the risk of mechanically spreading zoonoses including toxoplasmosis to humans since ... | 2007 | 17141415 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in rats (rattus norvegicus) in grenada, west indies. | cats are important in the natural epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii, because they are the only hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. cats are infected with t. gondii via predation on infected birds and rodents. during 2005, 238 rats (rattus norvegicus) were trapped in grenada, west indies, and their sera along with tissue samples from their hearts and brains were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat, ti ... | 2006 | 17152961 |
| an immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction evaluation of feline plasmacytic pododermatitis. | sections of 14 skin biopsies of cats with plasmacytic pododermatitis and a clinical follow-up of 12-36 months were stained with a polyclonal anti-mycobacterium bovis (bacille calmette-guerin = bcg) antibody cross-reactive to a broad spectrum of fungi and bacteria. all sections were negative for organisms within the actual footpad tissue with the anti-bcg antibody stains. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays that amplify the dna of bartonella spp., ehrlichia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, chl ... | 2007 | 17197627 |
| [toxoplasmosis in french guiana. atypical (neo-)tropical features of a cosmopolitan parasitosis]. | toxoplasmosis, a typical cosmopolitan parasitosis, is a major health problem in french guiana. three factors account for this situation, i.e., (1) severity of toxoplasmosis in patients with hiv infection that is particularly prevalent in the area, (2) high risk of congenital transmission as shown by the steadily increasing prevalence of seropositivity in function of age in most of the guianese population and (3) recent identification of severe primary toxoplasmosis infection in immunocompetent p ... | 2006 | 17201300 |
| the effect of toxoplasma gondii on animal behavior: playing cat and mouse. | a convincing body of evidence now exists to indicate that the ubiquitous protozoan toxoplasma gondii can cause permanent behavioral changes in its host, even as a consequence of adult-acquired latent infection. such behavioral alterations appear to be the product of strong selective pressures for the parasite to enhance transmission from its intermediate host reservoir, primarily rodent, to its feline definitive host, wherein sexual reproduction can occur and the life cycle completed. this artic ... | 2007 | 17218613 |
| eosinophilic fibrosing gastritis and toxoplasmosis in a cat. | a 3-year-old, neutered male tiffany cat was presented to the animal health trust for investigation of pyrexia and a gastric lesion. radiography and ultrasound showed severe thickening of the gastric wall and regional lymphadenopathy. there was altered gastric wall layering, predominately due to muscularis thickening. histopathology confirmed eosinophilic fibrosing gastritis. the cat also had evidence of generalised toxoplasma gondii infection, which may have been responsible for the gastric chan ... | 2007 | 17222576 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in dogs from colombia, south america and genetic characterization of t. gondii isolates. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in 309 unwanted dogs from bogotá, colombia, south america was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat) and found in 52 (16.8%) of 309 dogs with titers of 1:20 in 20, 1:40 in six, 1:80 in 17, 1:160 in three, 1:320 in three, 1:1280 or higher in three. some organs obtained after necropsy of dogs (hearts, tongues and brains, either separately or pooled) were used in bioassays carried out in mice (37 samples, of whic ... | 2007 | 17257761 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in sheep and dogs from guarapuava farms, paraná state, brazil. | sheep and dog blood samples were collected from nine farms in the county of guarapuava, paraná, brazil. the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used to detect neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies. herein, serum samples from 305 sheep were evaluated, being 29 (9.5%) and 157 (51.5%) seropositives to n. caninum and t. gondii, respectively. seven (29.1%) and five (20.8%) out of 24 dogs were seropositives to n. caninum and t. gondii, respectively. there were no differences amon ... | 2007 | 17266999 |