Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| high levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in a commercial sheep flock. | our current understanding of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii from ewe to lamb dictates that infection frequently results in abortion and the death of the developing foetus, that the birth of live infected lambs occurs rarely and that the cat is the predominant source of infection in ewes. using direct polymerase chain reaction detection of t. gondii, we report high levels of congenital transmission occurring in a commercially managed sheep flock. we sampled foetal-derived placental ... | 2001 | 11730799 |
| serological study of toxoplasma gondii in kidney recipients. | toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies were determined in 200 kidney recipients by the sabin-felmand dye test. twenty-two (11%) cases were positive for antibody detection. there was a statistically significant difference in the history of taking under-cooked meat, between the number of sero-positive cases and that of sero-negative subjects (63.6% vs 28.8%, p = 0.02). no such significant difference was evident regarding cat ownership (13.6% vs 22.0%, p = 0.3). sixteen (72.6%) of the 22 subjects with po ... | 2001 | 11758849 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from brazil. | seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii was determined in 865 captive neotropical felids from 20 states from brazil, sampled from september 1995 to april 1997. sera were tested by the modified agglutination test (mat) using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. antibodies (mat> or =1:20) to t. gondii were found in 472 of 865 (54.6%) cats: in 45 of 99 (45.9%) jaguarundis (herpailurus yagouaroundi), in 97 of 168 (57.7%) ocelots (leopardus pardalis), in 68 of 131 (51.9%) oncillas (l. ti ... | 2001 | 11777601 |
| the schizophrenia-rheumatoid arthritis connection: infectious, immune, or both? | schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis share an impressive number of similarities. both are chronic, relapsing diseases of unknown etiology. both became prominent in the early 19th century and have prevalences of approximately 1% in north america and europe. both run in families, have pairwise concordance rates of approximately 30% among monozygotic twins, and are more common among individuals born in urban areas. for both diseases, studies have reported greater exposure to cats in childhood tha ... | 2001 | 11782106 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii, a parasite, has three modes of transmission: oral intake of raw or undercooked meat or contaminated fruits and vegetables, ingestion of materials contaminated with cat feces, and transplacental infection. the focus of this article is congenital toxoplasmosis, which is transmitted to the fetus across the placenta. when primary infection of the mother occurs during pregnancy, there is a 40 percent chance of fetal infection; rate of transmission and severity of infection are rela ... | 2001 | 12143899 |
| a 14-3-3 protein homologue is expressed in feline enteroepithelial-stages of toxoplasma gondii. | fourteen cdna clones encoding epitopes of proteins of toxoplasma gondii feline enteroepithelial-stages parasites were isolated and expressed in escherichia coli in an effort to determine the antigenecity of the parasites. sequence analysis showed that four of the cdna clones had a 930-bp open-reading frame encoding a product showing similarity to the 14-3-3 protein mrna sequence.(1) southern hybridization of dig-labeled positive clone with t. gondii genomic dna cleaved with ecori, bamhi and hind ... | 2001 | 11182236 |
| diagnosis of naturally occurring toxoplasmosis by bronchoalveolar lavage in a cat. | a 5-year-old cat presented with a history of fever and respiratory distress of 7 days' duration. the cat did not respond to initial symptomatic treatment. through use of a bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) technique, the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was obtained rapidly without evidence of adverse effects to the cat. antemortem diagnosis of naturally occurring active toxoplasma gondii infection can be difficult in cats. identification of organisms obtained by bal may be beneficial in the diagnosis of f ... | 2001 | 11361117 |
| toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii is a unicellular protozoan. the definitive hosts, cats, produce hardy oocysts and sporozoites. ingestion by a nonfeline leads to the formation of tachyzoites acutely, which cause parasitemia and further dissemination, and bradyzoites, which lead to latent infection with the formation of tissue cysts in skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and central nervous system (cns) tissue. toxoplasmosis can be transmitted to humans by ingestion of tissue cysts in raw or inadequately cooked infe ... | 2001 | 11378431 |
| dual sarcocystis neurona and toxoplasma gondii infection in a northern sea otter from washington state, usa. | dual sarcocystis neurona and toxoplasma gondii infection was observed in a northern sea otter from washington, usa. the animal was found stranded, convulsed, and died shortly thereafter. encephalitis caused by both s. neurona and t. gondii was demonstrated in histological sections of brain. immunohistochemical examination of sections with s. neurona specific antisera demonstrated developmental stages that divided by endopolygeny and produced numerous merozoites. pcr of brain tissue from the sea ... | 2001 | 11390085 |
| decrease of psychomotor performance in subjects with latent 'asymptomatic' toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii is known to induce specific behavioural changes in its intermediate hosts. this is usually considered to be an evolutionary adaptation aimed to increase the probability of transmission of the parasite into its definitive host, the cat, by predation. in rodents an increase of reaction time as well as many other specific behavioural patterns have been observed. here we report the results of our double blind study showing the significantly longer reaction times of 60 subjects with ... | 2001 | 11393824 |
| oocyst shedding by cats fed isolated bradyzoites and comparison of infectivity of bradyzoites of the veg strain toxoplasma gondii to cats and mice. | infectivity of bradyzoites of the veg strain of toxoplasma gondii was compared in cats and mice. for this, tissue cysts were separated from brains of infected mice using a percoll gradient, and bradyzoites were released by incubation in acidic pepsin solution. after filtration through a 3-microm filter, bradyzoites were counted and diluted 10-fold in rpmi tissue culture medium. dilutions estimated to have 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 bradyzoites were fed to cats and inoculated into mice, orally or subc ... | 2001 | 11227895 |
| analysis of the humoral responses of toxoplasma gondii-infected cats using immunofluorescent assays with tachyzoite, bradyzoite, and gametogenic stages. | we investigated levels of toxoplasma gondii specific antibodies present in sera, intestinal secretions, and fecal extracts obtained from cats following primary and challenge infections. antibodies specific to t. gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, sporozoites, and enteroepithelial stages were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. enteroepithelial stage-specific antibodies were detected in serum as early as 2 wk after infection, whereas antibodies from intestinal secretions did not appear u ... | 2001 | 11227907 |
| toxoplasma gondii. | 2001 | 11313530 | |
| antibody levels in goats fed toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | outbred goats were fed 10(5) toxoplasma gondii oocysts and were monitored twice weekly for 8 wk for rectal temperature, clinical signs, parasitemia, and antibody levels by indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat), latex agglutination test (lat), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). after 8 wk, all goats were killed, and samples of heart, skeletal muscle, brain, lymph nodes, kidneys, and liver were bioassayed in mice. anorexia, fever, and lethargy were observed from day 3 to ... | 2001 | 11318584 |
| ocular and encephalic toxoplasmosis in canaries. | in this report we describe the lesions produced by the protozoal organism, toxoplasma gondii, in the eyes and brain of the common yellow canary (serinus canaria). nine of 15 birds in a flock were affected with blindness, which developed over a 3-mo span, and two birds developed torticollis. microscopic alterations within the eye consisted of a nonsuppurative chorioretinitis with large numbers of macrophages that contained the tachyzoite form of t. gondii in the subretinal space, and aggregates o ... | 2001 | 11332494 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis: a review. | toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. in the united states, approximately 85% of women of childbearing age are susceptible to acute infection with t. gondii. acute infections in pregnant women may cause serious health problems when the organism is transmitted to the fetus (congenital toxoplasmosis), including mental retardation, seizures, blindness, and death. an estimated 400 to 4000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the u.s. each year. man ... | 2001 | 11333376 |
| use of near-infrared raman spectroscopy to detect igg and igm antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in serum samples of domestic cats. | near-infrared raman spectroscopy (nirs) is a particularly promising technique that is being used in recent years formany biomedical applications. optical spectroscopy has gained increasing prominence as a tool for quantitative analysis of biological samples, clinical diagnostic, concentration measurements of blood metabolites and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of the chemical composition of human tissues. toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis in public health, and domestic cats are the most im ... | 2002 | 12146716 |
| cross-sectional study of serum antibodies against sarcocystis neurona in cats tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. | to determine apparent seroprevalence of antibodies against sarcocystis neurona in a population of domestic cats previously tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. | 2002 | 12184700 |
| isolation of purified oocyst walls and sporocysts from toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii oocysts are environmentally resistant and can infect virtually all warm-blooded hosts, including humans and livestock. little is known about the biochemical basis for this resistance of oocysts, and mechanism for excystation of t. gondii sporozoites. the objective of the present study was to evaluate different methods (mechanical fragmentation, gradients, flow cytometry) to separate and purify t. gondii oocyst walls and sporocysts. oocyst walls were successfully separated and p ... | 2002 | 12188226 |
| tachyzoite-induced life cycle of toxoplasma gondii in cats. | the tachyzoite-induced cycle of toxoplasma gondii was studied in 46 cats. tachyzoites of the m-7741 or me-49 strain of t. gondii were administered orally to cats by pouring into the mouth or by stomach tube, or by intraintestinal inoculation. ten weaned cats that had been inoculated with tachyzoites directly in the intestine were killed 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 25 days later, and their tissues were studied histologically and bioassayed in mice. toxoplasma gondii was demonstrable in the blood o ... | 2002 | 12197119 |
| examination of attachment and survival of toxoplasma gondii oocysts on raspberries and blueberries. | the consumption of toxoplasma gondii oocysts on fresh produce may be a means of its transmission to humans. cats shed t. gondii oocysts, which contaminate produce directly or contaminate water sources for agricultural irrigation and pesticide and fertilizer applications. cyclospora cayetanensis is a related coccidial parasite, and outbreaks of diarrhea caused by c. cayetanensis have been associated with the ingestion of contaminated raspberries. the oocysts of these coccidians are similar in siz ... | 2002 | 12197133 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats from rural ohio. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in serum samples from 275 domestic cats from a mobile spay and neuter clinic from 8 counties in ohio. the modified agglutination test incorporating whole formalinized tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol was used to determine antibodies. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 133 (48%) out of 275 cats: in titers of 1:25 in 24, 1:50 in 37, and 1:500 or more in 72. the highest prevalence (62% of 78) was in outdoor cats. the prevalence of t. gondii antibodi ... | 2002 | 12197137 |
| development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant sag2 for diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. | cats are pivotal in the transmission of toxoplasma gondii. to develop a sensitive and specific serodiagnostic method for feline toxoplasmosis, surface antigen 2 (sag2) of t. gondii was expressed in escherichia coli and its diagnostic potential evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the elisa with recombinant sag2 (rsag2) was able to differentiate very clearly between sera from cats experimentally infected with t. gondii and sera from normal cats. serum samples collected from ... | 2002 | 12197139 |
| comparative analysis of antisense rna, double-stranded rna, and delta ribozyme-mediated gene regulation in toxoplasma gondii. | rna tools, namely, antisense rna, double-stranded rna (dsrna), and delta ribozyme, were comparatively analyzed for the development of effective rna-based gene modulators. the gene encoding uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (uprt) of toxoplasma gondii was used as a target and a negative selectable marker. using plasmid transformation and drug selection assays, we obtained t. gondii transformants resistant to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (fdur), the cytotoxic prodrug and substrate of uprt, when the pla ... | 2002 | 12238816 |
| a computer simulation of the prevention of the transmission of toxoplasma gondii on swine farms using a feline t. gondii vaccine. | transmission of toxoplasma gondii on swine farms was investigated using a deterministic dynamic computer simulation model. a primary focus was to evaluate a feline t. gondii vaccine. animal populations (swine and cats) were compartmentalized based on the stage of t. gondii infection. simulations were run under conditions of closed and equilibrium population size. model parameters were varied in a factorial experimental design to test the following hypotheses: t. gondii infection in finishing pig ... | 2002 | 12324204 |
| evidence for nuclear localisation of two stage-specific isoenzymes of enolase in toxoplasma gondii correlates with active parasite replication. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii has a complex life cycle involving the developmental transition between the asexual exo-enteric stages (tachyzoites and bradyzoites) and the coccidian (sexual and asexual) forms (schizonts, macrogametes and microgametes). previous work has established the stage-specific expression of certain proteins including two glycolytic isoenzymes of enolase and lactate dehydrogenase in t. gondii. here we describe the expression and subcellular localisation of the tw ... | 2002 | 12350375 |
| toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. | toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections of man and other warm-blooded animals. it has been found world-wide from alaska to australia. nearly one-third of humanity has been exposed to this parasite. in most adults it does not cause serious illness, but it can cause blindness and mental retardation in congenitally infected children and devastating disease in immunocompromised individuals. | 2002 | 12390281 |
| toxoplasmosis in pallas' cats (otocolobus felis manul) at the denver zoological gardens. | in may 1996 the denver zoological gardens obtained two male and two female pallas' cats (otocolobus felis manul) that were wild-caught in the ukraine. these animals were part of a group of 16 wild-caught adults (eight male and eight female) imported to the united states and canada between 1995 and 1996. the denver zoological gardens cats were quarantined at the zoo hospital for approximately i mo. during the quarantine period they were immobilized for physical examination, and sera were obtained ... | 2002 | 12398302 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii sag2 expressed in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus and evaluation of its diagnostic potential in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a baculovirus carrying the sag2 gene of toxoplasma gondii was constructed, and recombinant sag2 protein (s-rsag2) was expressed in insect cells. s-rsag2 was recognized by sera from cats and pigs infected with t. gondii. mice immunized with s-rsag2 produced high titers of specific immunoglobulin g2a (igg2a) and igg1 antibodies. in an indirect fluorescent antibody test, all mouse antisera against s-rsag2 reacted strongly to the natural parasites, but those against rsag2 expressed in escherichia co ... | 2002 | 12414772 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in urban stray cats in belgium. | three hundred and forty-six serum samples taken between 1998 and 2000 from urban stray cats in the city of ghent were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and antigens of feline leukemia virus (felv). of these 346 samples, 243 (70.2 per cent) were seropositive for tgondii. thirty-nine cats (11.3 per cent) had antibodies against fiv and 13 (3.8 per cent) had circulating antigens of felv. fewer of the female cats had fiv and heavier cats had a higher ... | 2002 | 12479298 |
| epidemiologic investigation of seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in cats and rodents. | to provide an epidemiologic investigation of the seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in populations of cats and wild rodents in rhode island and to address the possible epidemiologic role of wild rodents in the spread of toxoplasmosis. | 2002 | 12492287 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection of cats in epizootiological and clinical aspects. | a total of 200 cats from a south-western region of poland were tested for antibodies to t. gondii. 105 (52.5%) examined cats were seropositive for t. gondii. positive results were found in 16 (50%) out of 30 homeless cats, 33 (55%) out of 60 cats kept in shelters, and 56 (51.85%) out of 108 pet cats visiting outpatients clinics. 70 of pet cats stayed indoor and never left house, the others (38 cats) lived at house, but frequently abided outdoor. the seroprevalence in the last group was higher th ... | 2002 | 12512555 |
| the influence of feeding and maintenance system on occurrence of toxoplasma gondii infections in dogs. | serum samples of 113 dogs visiting "outpatient clinics", 52 dogs kept in shelters and 35 animals from a military dog training centre were examined for toxoplasma gondii specific antibodies using a latex agglutination test. significant differences in seroprevalences were found between dogs from the training centre (8.6% of positive results) and the other populations examined (40.7% of positive seroreagents in animals visiting outpatient clinics and 44.2% in the group from shelters, respectively). ... | 2002 | 12512556 |
| biological and genetic characterisation of toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens (gallus domesticus) from são paulo, brazil: unexpected findings. | in spite of a wide host range and a world wide distribution, toxoplasma gondii has a low genetic diversity. most isolates of t. gondii can be grouped into two to three lineages. type i strains are considered highly virulent in outbred laboratory mice, and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis whereas types ii and iii strains are considered avirulent for mice. in the present study, 17 of 25 of the t. gondii isolates obtained from asymptomatic chickens from ru ... | 2002 | 11796127 |
| potential of beta-galactosidase-expressing toxoplasma gondii for in situ localization and observation of rare stages of the parasite life cycle. | a cyst-forming strain of toxoplasma gondii was transfected with the escherichia coli lacz gene and expressed beta-galactosidase constitutively. this strain has been used to localize and analyze the early stages of development and reactivation of t. gondii in mice. the chromogenic detection of the enzyme allows an easy detection of the parasites after light fixation and therefore allows a submacroscopic analysis of tissue distribution within the organism. also, it allows further embedding and ret ... | 2002 | 11822740 |
| cervical cat scratch disease lymphadenitis in a patient with immunoglobulin m antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. | we report on a young patient with chronic cervical lymphadenopathy and serological and histological evidence for infection with bartonella henselae and toxoplasma gondii. serological follow-up studies, including testing for avidity of toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies, assisted in the determination of the cause of the acute lymphadenitis. our results suggest that the clinical symptoms were most likely due to cat scratch disease rather than to acute toxoplasmosis. | 2002 | 11874902 |
| studies on serological cross-reaction of neospora caninum with toxoplasma gondii and hammondia heydorni. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to examine cross-reactivity of neospora caninum with toxoplasma gondii and hammondia heydorni. anti-t. gondii mouse and cat sera cross-reacted with n. caninum soluble antigen (nla), but not with the recombinant surface antigen (ncsrs2). anti-h. heydorni dog sera showed no cross-reactivity with either the nla antigen or the ncsrs2. lack of cross-reactivity between anti-h. heydorni sera and n. caninum antigens, and the cross-reactivity of anti ... | 2002 | 11913555 |
| recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing toxoplasma gondi rop2 antigen inducible protective immunity in cats. | in order to investigate whether a recombinant viral vaccine composed of a feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhvi) vector and an immunogenic antigen of toxoplasma gondii can induce a protective immunity in cats, a recombinant fhv1 expressing rop2 antigen of t. gondii was prepared. we introduced a dna fragment encoding 1-538 amino acid residues of rop2 precursor into fhv1 genome under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. the recombinant fhv1 (fhv/rop2) successfully expressed a 59 kda antigen that w ... | 2002 | 11936503 |
| inoculation with bartonella henselae followed by feline herpesvirus 1 fails to activate ocular toxoplasmosis in chronically infected cats. | infection by toxoplasma gondii is very common in cats although most remain disease free. the factors that trigger development of uveitis in some cats infected with t gondii have not been elucidated, but infection by more than one organism may be contributory. in this study, cats chronically infected with t gondii were inoculated with bartonella henselae followed by fhv-1 to test the hypothesis that immune stimulation by multiple infections will reactivate ocular toxoplasmosis. anterior uveitis a ... | 2002 | 12027509 |
| non-lethal infection parameters in mice separate sheep type ii toxoplasma gondii isolates by virulence. | the zoonotic protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii can infect all warm-blooded animals, but virulence of isolates has previously been characterised mainly by the ability to kill mice after experimental infections. in the present study, 15 type ii strains of t. gondii, isolated from five adult sheep, six sheep abortions, two pigs, one cat and one fox were examined for their virulence to young mice by less dramatic parameters. clinical disease of inoculated mice, directly evidenced by reduced weigh ... | 2002 | 12053916 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera of domestic cats from guarulhos and são paulo, brazil. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in serum samples of 502 domestic cats from brazil by the modified agglutination test (mat), using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. antibodies (mat > or = 1:20) were found in 132 (26.3%) of 502 cats. with respect to origin, antibodies were found in 26.7% of 430 stray cats from são paulo, 10% of 40 stray cats from guarulhos, and 40.6% of 32 cats from a cat breeder in são paulo. antibody titers were: 1:20 in 10 cats, 1:25 in 40 ca ... | 2002 | 12054029 |
| survival of nonsporulated toxoplasma gondii oocysts under refrigerator conditions. | toxoplasma gondii oocysts are excreted nonsporulated in the feces of the cats into the environment. these oocysts must undergo sporulation to become infectious. little is known about the factors that influence sporulation of t. gondii oocysts. the present study examined the survival of nonsporulated oocysts under refrigerated conditions over 11-week observation period. microscopic examination of oocysts indicated that no visible development occurred under refrigerator conditions. the nonsporulat ... | 2002 | 11777609 |
| isolation of viable toxoplasma gondii from naturally infected aborted bovine fetuses. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are related parasites. the former is a common cause of abortion in dairy cattle. the latter has not been conclusively demonstrated in bovine fetuses. during the course of attempts to isolate n. caninum from aborted fetuses, t. gondii was isolated from 2 aborted fetuses, 1 from portugal and 1 from the united states. both isolates were made by bioassay of fetal brains in mice. the fetus from portugal was about 5 mo in gestational age, and the fetus from the u ... | 2002 | 12537120 |
| high prevalence of viable toxoplasma gondii infection in market weight pigs from a farm in massachusetts. | the ingestion of uncooked infected meat is considered important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and little is known of the prevalence of viable t. gondii in meat used for human consumption in the united states. in the present study, viable t. gondii was isolated from 51 out of 55 pigs destined for human consumption. hearts and tongues (500 g) from fifty-five 6-mo-old pigs from a farm in massachusetts were bioassayed for t. gondii by feeding them to t. gondii-free cat ... | 2002 | 12539744 |
| [toxoplasmosis in poznan region, poland 1990-2000]. | the paper summarizes the results of the interdisciplinary studies on toxoplasmosis carried out in poznan region, poland. in the years 1990-2000 the specific toxoplasma gondii seropositivity rates in pregnant women decreased from 58.9% to 43.7%. significant was an increase in seropositivity in the age group 15-20 years. cats were seropositive in 70.6%; relatively high seropositivity rate was observed in cats kept at home only (65.7%). slaughtered pigs were positive in 13.2% with higher rates in o ... | 2002 | 12608090 |
| serologic survey of toxoplasma gondii in noncarnivorous free-ranging neotropical mammals in french guiana. | the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of toxoplasma infection in wild mammals, particularly noncarnivorous species, and to identify possible sources of infection for humans. a serological study was conducted that included 310 animals representing 10 species of terrestrial mammals from the same region (primary tropical rain forest inhabited by humans). toxoplasmosis was diagnosed using a direct agglutination test using formalin-treated toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of antibodie ... | 2002 | 12656126 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, fiv and felv infections in domestic cats in japan. | seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections was investigated in 1,447 domestic cats derived from the north (hokkaido) to the south (okinawa) prefectures in japan. of the cats investigated, 8.8% (128/1,447) were seropositive to b. henselae, 5.4% (78/1,447) to t. gondii, 9.8% (107/1,088) to fiv, and 2.9% (32/1,088) to felv, respectively. for b. henselae infection, the positive rate varied from 11.5% in ca ... | 2003 | 12680718 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection, atopy and autoimmune disease. | while for many allergens a dose-response relationship has clearly been established the association between early childhood exposure to cat allergens and risk of sensitisation is still controversial and even inverse relations have been described. at the same time, a negative association between toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) infection and atopic diseases has been found in epidemiologic studies. as cats are the major source of t. gondii oocysts, we hypothesize that cat allergen exposure might be a ... | 2003 | 12765860 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection among veterinary staff in ontario, canada (2002): implications for teratogenic risk. | toxoplasma gondii infection is embryotoxic in humans. it is mainly transmitted through raw/undercooked meat and ingestion of oocysts in cat feces. there remains controversy about the actual risk of cats transmitting the disease to humans. our primary objective was to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii antibody among veterinary staff, to ascertain whether they have an increased risk through occupational exposure. our secondary objective was to examine their practices regarding cats, toxopl ... | 2003 | 12769831 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis. | approximately 85 percent of women of childbearing age in the united states are susceptible to acute infection with the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. transmission of t. gondii to the fetus can result in serious health problems, including mental retardation, seizures, blindness, and death. some health problems may not become apparent until the second or third decade of life. an estimated 400 to 4,000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the united states each year. serologic tests ar ... | 2003 | 12776962 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from chickens and ducks from egypt. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the ground. in the present study, prevalence of t. gondii in 121 free range chickens (gallus domesticus) and 19 ducks (anas sp.) from a rural area surrounding giza, egypt was assessed. blood, heart, and brain from each animal were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test ( ... | 2003 | 12781471 |
| toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia. | recent epidemiologic studies indicate that infectious agents may contribute to some cases of schizophrenia. in animals, infections with toxoplasma gondii can alter behavior and neurotransmitter function. in humans, acute infection with t. gondii can produce psychotic symptoms similar to those displayed by persons with schizophrenia. since 1953, a total of 19 studies of t. gondii antibodies in persons with schizophrenia and other severe psychiatric disorders and in controls have been reported; 18 ... | 2003 | 14725265 |
| genotyping of toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from india. | the present study was undertaken to isolate and genotype toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from villages in maharashtra and tamil nadu states of central and south india, respectively. blood, heart, and brain from a total of 741 chickens were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii, as assayed with the modified agglutination test (mat >or = 1:5) were found in 133 (17.9%) chickens. hearts and brains of 186 chickens were bioassayed in mice. additionall ... | 2003 | 14729166 |
| sporulation and survival of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seawater. | we have been collaborating since 1992 in studies on southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) as part of a program to define factors, which may be responsible for limiting the growth of the southern sea otter population. we previously demonstrated toxoplasma gondii in sea otters. we postulated that cat feces containing oocysts could be entering the marine environment through storm run-off or through municipal sewage since cat feces are often disposed down toilets by cat owners. the present stu ... | 2003 | 14736220 |
| transmission dynamics of toxoplasma gondii on a pig farm. | transmission of toxoplasma gondii infection on a pig farm in new england was investigated using genetic and ecological methods to (i) determine if infection of pigs was a result of a single source, such as in an epizootic situation (e.g. outbreak) or of multiple sources, such as in an enzootic situation, (ii) identify the main source species of infection to pigs and (iii) evaluate the role of the environment surrounding the farm as the source of infection on the farm. genetic characterization of ... | 2003 | 12809808 |
| [formation and diversity of parasitophorous vacuoles in parasitic protozoa. the coccidia (sporozoa, apicomplexa)]. | data on parasitophorous vacuole (pv) formation in host cells (hc) harbouring different intracellular protozoan parasites have been reviewed and critically analysed, with special reference to the main representatives of the coccidia. the vacuole membrane (pvm) is the interface between host and parasite, playing a role in nutrient acquisition by the parasite from the hc. the pv phenomenon is regarded as a generalized hc response to the introduction of alien bodies (microorganisms), which eventuall ... | 2003 | 14520865 |
| development of a pcr-enzyme immunoassay oligoprobe detection method for toxoplasma gondii oocysts, incorporating pcr controls. | infections caused by toxoplasma gondii are widely prevalent in animals and humans throughout the world. in the united states, an estimated 23% of adolescents and adults have laboratory evidence of t. gondii infection. t. gondii has been identified as a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, in whom it can cause life-threatening disease. water contaminated with feces from domestic cats or other felids may be an important source of human exposure to t. gondii oocysts. becau ... | 2003 | 14532030 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum, sarcocystis neurona, and toxoplasma gondii in wild horses from central wyoming. | sarcocystis neurona, neospora caninum, n. hughesi, and toxoplasma gondii are 4 related coccidians considered to be associated with encephalomyelitis in horses. the source of infection for n. hughesi is unknown, whereas opossums, dogs, and cats are the definitive hosts for s. neurona, n. caninum, and t. gondii, respectively. seroprevalence of these coccidians in 276 wild horses from central wyoming outside the known range of the opossum (didelphis virginiana) was determined. antibodies to t. gond ... | 2003 | 14533680 |
| low virulence of oocysts of czech toxoplasma gondii isolates on the basis of biological and genetic characteristics. | the virulence of the oocysts of 7 czech toxoplasma gondii isolates was tested. the oocysts were obtained by experimental infection of cats with the tissue cysts of t. gondii isolates from dogs, cats, and rabbits. the cats shed the oocysts in feces, with prepatent periods of 3-5 days postinfection (pi); the patent period was 7-18 days. the number of oocysts shed varied between 0.94 million and 47 million, with 0.66 million-39 million oocysts found in the daily samples of excrement. the cats cease ... | 2003 | 14533690 |
| toxoplasma gondii isolates of free-ranging chickens from rio de janeiro, brazil: mouse mortality, genotype, and oocyst shedding by cats. | most isolates of toxoplasma gondii can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. in the present study, 67 isolates of t. gondii were obtained by bioassay in mice inoculated with brains and hearts of 96 asymptomatic chickens from an area highly endemic to human infection in rio de janeiro, brazil. of the 48 isolates genotyped using the sag2 locus, 34 (70%) were of type i and 13 (27%) were of type iii. no isolate of type ii was recovered. isolates from 1 chicken contained a type i and type iii mixed inf ... | 2003 | 14533703 |
| autofluorescence of toxoplasma gondii and related coccidian oocysts. | this is the first report of blue autofluorescence as a useful characteristic in the microscopic detection of toxoplasma gondii, hammondia hammondi, hammondia heydorni, neospora caninum, besnoitia darlingi, and sarcocystis neurona oocysts or sporocysts. this autofluorescence is of sufficient intensity and duration to allow identification of these oocysts from complex microscopic sample backgrounds. as with the autofluorescence of related coccidia, the oocysts glow pale blue when illuminated with ... | 2003 | 14533708 |
| [parasitological risks--from animal husbandry to food and humans]. | livestock management influences the infection risk with parasites. extensive outdoor management increases the well being of the animals, but may also increase the infection risk with vector or intermediate host transmitted parasites. several parasites can be transmitted by food. trichinellosis again represents an increasing threat to human health by newly discovered species, new reservoir hosts and increasing meat import from eastern europe. tapeworm infections with taenia saginata are more freq ... | 2003 | 14535062 |
| redescription of hammondia hammondi and its differentiation from toxoplasma gondii. | hammondia hammondi is a protozoan parasite that, until 1975, was misidentified as toxoplasma gondii. recently, the validity of h. hammondi has been questioned. in this article, the authors redescribe the parasite and its life cycle, provide accession numbers to its specimens deposited in a museum, and distinguish it structurally and biologically from t. gondii. hammondia hammondi was found to be structurally, biologically, and molecularly different from t. gondii. | 2003 | 14572507 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in captive and free-ranging nondomestic felids in the united states. | seven serum samples of 101 samples from nondomestic, captive and free-ranging felids from the united states were indirect fluorescent antibody positive for antibodies to neospora caninum, whereas 44 samples were positive for antibodies to t. gondii. although none of the captive animals displayed clinical signs of disease, nondomestic felids in the united states have been exposed to, and are likely infected with, n. caninum and t. gondii. this may have serious implications for zoological gardens ... | 2003 | 14582785 |
| [identification of risk factors for infection with toxoplasma gondii in serbia as a basis of a program for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis]. | toxoplasmosis has long been known as a major cause of perinatal morbidity. acute infection in pregnancy may lead to fetal infection and subsequent fetal loss or birth of a manifestly or latently infected infant. however, it is a preventable disease. in europe, significant variations have been shown to occur not only between countries but also within a given country indicating local variations in the influence of epidemiological factors contributing to infection. thus, many european countries hav ... | 2003 | 14608881 |
| toxoplasma gondii isolates from free-ranging chickens from the united states. | prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens is a good indicator of the strains prevalent in their environment because they feed from ground. the prevalence of t. gondii was determined in 118 free-range chickens from 14 counties in ohio and in 11 chickens from a pig farm in massachusetts. toxoplasma gondii antibodies (> or = 1: 5) were found using the modified agglutination test (mat) in 20 of 118 chickens from ohio. viable t. gondii was recovered from 11 of 20 seropositive chickens by ... | 2003 | 14627158 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats from barcelona, spain. | cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. antibodies to t. gondii were determined in serum samples from 220 domestic cats (felis catus) from barcelona, spain, using the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii were found in 99 (45%) of 220 cats, with mat titers of 1:25 in 26, 1:50 in 57, and > or = 1:500 in 16 cats. seropositivity (mat 1:25 or more) was significan ... | 2003 | 14627161 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates from free range chickens from paraná, brazil. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the ground. in the present study, prevalence of t. gondii in 40 free range chickens (gallus domesticus) from a rural area surrounding paraná, brazil was assessed. blood, heart, and brain from each chicken were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (mat> or =1:5) were fo ... | 2003 | 14630431 |
| use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in the antemortem diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the central nervous system of cats and dogs. | to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum dna in canine and feline biological samples. sample population; biological samples from 7 cats with systemic (n = 4) or cns (3) toxoplasmosis, 6 dogs with neospora- or toxoplasma-associated encephalitis, and 11 animals with nonprotozoal disease. | 2003 | 14672429 |
| [cloning and expression of the signaling protein 14-3-3 of toxoplasma gondii]. | to clone and express the cell signaling protein 14-3-3 gene from toxoplasma gondii rh strain. | 2003 | 15108517 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibody in thai cats and their owners. | humans are thought to acquire toxoplasma infection by three major routes: ingesting food and water contaminated with oocysts from cat excreta, consumption of under-cooked infected meat, and transplacental transfer. congenital clinical toxoplasmosis in the newborn indicating definite transplacental transmission had been reported in thailand, whilst studies concerning infection due to the other two routes were inconclusive. since the way domestic cats live and eat and also the eating behavior of t ... | 2003 | 15115080 |
| toxoplasmosis-related knowledge and practices among pregnant women in the united states. | infection with toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can lead to severe illness in the fetus. many t. gondii infections are preventable by simple hygienic measures. | 2003 | 15022874 |
| [serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in isolated amerindians, mato grosso]. | this study determined the occurrence of the antibodies anti-toxoplasma gondii among the enawenê-nawê, an indigenous population of mato grosso. these inhabit a vast wild area, with rare contacts with non-indians. they do not keep domestic animals, including cats. their diet is based on insects, cassava, corn, honey and mushrooms, they do not consume meat, except fish. based on the above, serologic tests elisa-igg and indirect fluorescent antibody test for igg/igm were performed. from 148 samples, ... | 2003 | 15049105 |
| recent expansion of toxoplasma through enhanced oral transmission. | the global predominance of three clonal toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,000 years after a single genetic cross. comparison with ancient strains (approximately 1 million years) suggests that the success of the clonal lineages resulted from the concurrent acquisition of direc ... | 2003 | 12532022 |
| mother-to-child transmission and diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. | toxoplasmosis is caused by a coccidian parasite toxoplasma gondii. it is world-wide in distribution and infects most of the vertebrates. the cat family animals (felides) are its definitive host. the humans are infected either through contaminated food, water, transfusion of infected blood, organ transplantation or from mother-to-foetus through placenta. the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in indian pregnant women is variably reported. however, the knowledge about this infection, its diagnosis and in ... | 2003 | 17642985 |
| first cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 6. first update of dog diseases. | in 2003, veterinary quarterly started with the publication of a series of articles reviewing first reports on animal diseases. the articles are arranged in order of animal species. they are regularly updated adding overlooked as well as new first reports. this article is the first update of a review on "first cases" of dog diseases. the following five cases are discussed: dermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified toxoplasma gondii-like parasite. gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis in a ... | 2004 | 15072137 |
| prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibody in hunter-killed wild boars, sus scrofa leucomystax, on amakusa island, kumamoto prefecture, japan. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii was surveyed in wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) and domiciled cats obtained in various areas of amakusa island, kumamoto prefecture, japan. the antibody titers against t. gondii were measured with a latex agglutination test. among specimens taken from 90 wild boars, 1 (1.1%) was positive and 3 (3.3%)were doubtfully positive. among the specimens from 50 cats, none were positive and 1 (3.3%) was doubtfully positive. these results suggest that the wild boars ... | 2004 | 15107568 |
| natural igm antibodies in sera from various animals but not the cat kill toxoplasma gondii by activating the classical complement pathway. | sera from swine, rabbit, and dog, that had never been exposed to toxoplasma gondii, demonstrated significant killing of t. gondii tachyzoites in vitro, while cat serum did not. swine and rabbit sera contained natural igm antibody against the tachyzoites, and the classical complement pathway was activated by the binding of natural igm antibody to the tachyzoites, leading to lysis. anti-t. gondii antibodies, induced in swine or cat infected with t. gondii, had no killing effect by themselves but k ... | 2004 | 15029999 |
| molecular and biologic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in the united states. | toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. type i isolates are considered more virulent in outbred mice and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis, whereas types ii and iii isolates are considered less virulent for mice and are found in humans and food animals. little is known of genotypes of t. gondii isolates from wild animals. in the present report, genotypes of isolates of t. gondii from wildlife in the united states are described. ... | 2004 | 15040668 |
| detection of toxoplasma oocysts from soil by modified sucrose flotation and pcr methods. | a detection method of toxoplasma gondii oocysts from soil was evaluated using the sucrose flotation technique with modification involving addition of 0.1% gelatin into washing and floating solutions. pcr was performed on untreated samples and after treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp), heating and cooling, and nacl. the addition of gelatin in the sucrose solution yielded a higher number of oocysts. a very thin band was observed when dna extract was diluted to 1:1024, indicating the presence ... | 2004 | 15691123 |
| ultrastructural differentiation of toxoplasma gondii schizonts (types b to e) and gamonts in the intestines of cats fed bradyzoites. | the ultrastructural characterisitics of four types of toxoplasma gondii schizonts (types b, c, d and e) and their merozoites, microgamonts and macrogamonts were compared in cats killed at days 1, 2, 4 and 6 after feeding tissues cysts from the brains of mice. schizonts, merozoites and gamonts contained most of the ultrastructural features characteristic of the phylum apicomplexa. all four types of schizonts developed within enterocytes or intraepithelial lymphocytes. occasionally, type b and c s ... | 2004 | 15710440 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in dogs from the state of paraíba, northeast region of brazil. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to antibodies against t. gondii and n. caninum in dogs of the city of campina grande, state of paraiba, northeast region of brazil. for this purpose, 286 blood samples were collected from dogs during the rabies vaccination campaign, in september 2003, and on this occasion questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects ... | 2004 | 15894024 |
| [prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in cats from olsztyn city]. | 17 serum samples from cats after surgery operations in one of veterinary clinic in olsztyn have been examined. the study on anti-toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin igg presence was carried out by direct agglutination method using the toxo-screen da test. 70.6% positive samples in 1:40 titration, 58.8% in 1:4000 titration and 5.9% questionable result in both dilutions were obtained. | 2004 | 16859040 |
| [selected problems in laboratory diagnostics of toxoplasma gondii infections]. | the article presents chosen problems concerning laboratory recognition of toxoplasma gondii infections. | 2004 | 16862803 |
| risk factors for feline coronavirus seropositivity in cats relinquished to a uk rescue charity. | two thousand, two hundred and seven cats from 14 shelters of a major uk cat charity were blood tested for feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies. data was collated on breed, sex, age, number of cats at original location, outdoor access, health status, and time spent in the shelter prior to sampling (range 0 to 4 years). some cats were also tested for feline leukaemia virus antigen, feline immunodeficiency virus, and toxoplasma gondii antibodies. the effect of these variables on fcov seropositivity ... | 2004 | 15123148 |
| failure of fiv-infected cats to control toxoplasma gondii correlates with reduced il2, il6, and il12 and elevated il10 expression by lymph node t cells. | increased susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in hiv-infected individuals and fiv-infected cats is attributed to a defective t-helper 1 (th1) immune response. however, little is known about specific cytokine responses to secondary pathogens. to address this question, control and fiv-infected cats were challenged with toxoplasma gondii, and lymph node cells analyzed for cytokine mrna expression. twenty-four weeks post-fiv infection, prior to t. gondii challenge, il2 and il12 mrnas were depr ... | 2004 | 15127847 |
| lower respiratory tract infections in cats: 21 cases (1995-2000). | twenty-one lower respiratory tract infections diagnosed in cats at university of sydney veterinary centre between 1995 and 2000 were identified retrospectively. patient records were analysed to determine historical, clinical, clinicopathologic and radiographic features of lower respiratory tract infections. response to therapy was also assessed. infectious agents identified were mycoplasma spp., pasteurella spp., bordetella bronchiseptica, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas sp., mycobacterium t ... | 2004 | 15135354 |
| high prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in a commercial flock of chickens in israel, and public health implications of free-range farming. | little is known of the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in commercially raised chickens. in the present study, the prevalence of t. gondii in 96 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from a commercial farm in israel was assessed. blood, heart, and brain from each chicken were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (mat > or = 1:5), were found in 45 of the 96 chickens. hearts and brains of seropositive (mat > or = 1:5) chickens wer ... | 2004 | 15135872 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| mva rop2 vaccinia virus recombinant as a vaccine candidate for toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii is the aetiological agent of toxoplasmosis and is the most frequent and best known of the parasitic diseases. in the united states, a serological survey from the third national health and nutrition examination survey found that an estimated 23% of adolescents and adults have laboratory evidence of infection with t. gondii. although toxoplasmosis is asymptomatic or shows self-limited symptoms in adults, in pregnant women infections can cause severe health problems to the fetus i ... | 2004 | 15151145 |
| variation in the structure of toxoplasma gondii and the roles of selfing, drift, and epistatic selection in maintaining linkage disequilibria. | previous studies of toxoplasma gondii, based on samples dominated by clinical isolates, have concluded that its population structure is clonal, despite the sexual reproduction that occurs in cats. to determine whether this applies to non-clinical isolates, we compared patterns of linkage disequilibrium (ld) among seven loci in samples of t. gondii from brazil and the us. ld was detected in both locations, but it was substantially lower in brazil. the lower ld in brazil can be explained by a high ... | 2004 | 15157628 |
| experimental toxoplasma gondii infection in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | laboratory-reared animals were used to assess the susceptibility of seals (halichoerus grypus) to toxoplasma gondii infection. four seals were each orally inoculated with 100 or 10,000 oocysts of t. gondii (veg strain), and another 4 seals served as negative controls. occasionally, mild behavioral changes were observed in all inoculated seals but not in control animals. a modified agglutination test revealed the presence of antibodies to t. gondii in sera collected from inoculated seals and mice ... | 2004 | 15165046 |
| isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii from free-ranging chickens from mexico. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the presence of t. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the soil. in the present study, prevalence of t. gondii in 208 free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from mexico was investigated. blood, heart, and brain from each animal were obtained to test for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (1:10 or higher), were found in 13 (6.2%) chi ... | 2004 | 15165070 |
| toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects up to a third of the world's population. infection is mainly acquired by ingestion of food or water that is contaminated with oocysts shed by cats or by eating undercooked or raw meat containing tissue cysts. primary infection is usually subclinical but in some patients cervical lymphadenopathy or ocular disease can be present. infection acquired during pregnancy may cause severe damage to the fetus. in immunocompromised patients, reactivati ... | 2004 | 15194258 |
| an investigation of sterile immunity against toxoplasmosis in rats. | the non-persistent bk strain was examined for its ability to induce sterile immunity in wistar rats. groups of 2-9 wistar rats were inoculated subcutaneously with 5 x 10(4) bk strain tachyzoites per rat. two months later, 46 rats were dosed by gavage with 2 x 10(1) cysts of the c, me-49, prugniaud, c-56, elg, m-7741 or m3 strains. another 26 rats were inoculated with 10(3) oocysts of the me49, m7741, bear or hopa-hopa strains of toxoplasma gondii. after 2 months, the rats were euthanized and the ... | 2004 | 15208033 |
| massive excystation of toxoplasma gondii sporozoites. | in the present study, several stimuli were tested to liberate toxoplasma gondii sporozoites from oocysts. incubation in na(2)co(3)-co(2) buffer at 40 degrees c with ultrasound, followed by incubation at 40 degrees c with bile or deoxycholic acid, was the only method that resulted in 95% liberation of motile infective sporozoites. a protocol of reproducibly high efficiency is provided, that compares favorably with any of the methods previously published. | 2004 | 15208040 |
| a case of fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in a cat being treated with cyclosporin a for feline atopy. | acute systemic toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a 4-5-year-old, male, domestic short hair cat, which had been on cyclosporine a immunomodulatory therapy for feline atopy, over an 8-month period. cyclosporin a (csa) has shown promising results as a immunosuppressive agent in the cat for the treatment of eosinophilic plaque and granulomas, allergic cervico-facial pruritus, feline atopy and other immune-mediated dermatoses. however, inhibition of t-lymphocyte function by csa is believed to have predi ... | 2004 | 15214957 |
| cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides enhance porcine immunity to toxoplasma gondii. | protection against a challenge infection with toxoplasma gondii veg strain oocysts was examined in pigs after vaccination with t. gondii rh strain tachyzoites with or without a porcine specific synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing immunostimulatory cpg motifs. six groups of pigs were immunized with incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) and either vehicle, tachyzoites alone or in combination with three different doses of cpg odn or with cpg odn alone. protection from challenge was signif ... | 2004 | 15265571 |
| toxoplasma gondii spreading in an urban area evaluated by seroprevalence in free-living cats and dogs. | infection by the protozoan parasite, toxoplasma gondii is widely prevalent in humans and animals throughout the world. transmission takes place mainly by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat that contains parasite cysts or by ingestion of oocysts excreted in cat faeces, which can contaminate water and raw vegetables. the incidence of toxoplasmosis in urban areas can thus be also related to environmental contamination with oocysts. a direct measure of this environmental contamination by oocyst co ... | 2004 | 15303992 |
| development of a sensitive polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of toxoplasma gondii in water. | toxoplasma gondii is becoming a potential threat for public water supplies worldwide, as demonstrated by the occurrence of waterborne toxoplasmosis outbreaks in developing countries as well as industrialised countries. the aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive molecular approach (pcr) for the detection of toxoplasma oocysts in water. sporulated and unsporulated t. gondii oocysts (strains dx and ahc1) were isolated from faeces of laboratory-infected cats. after purification and enum ... | 2004 | 15318524 |