Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the prevalence and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in ontario. | the results of testing 7060 human serum specimens obtained in the province of ontario, canada, were analysed for the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. of these samples 38% were serologically positive at a titre of 1/16 or greater. the age-specific rates climbed from 2.7% in infants between 6 months and 1 year of age, to about 50% in individuals aged 25 years or over. variations in prevalence were noted between different areas within the province and evidence is put forward to show tha ... | 1977 | 265346 |
| tazonomy of toxoplasma. | after reviewing reports of the hosts, structure and life cycle of toxoplasma, the genus is placed in the apicomplexan family eimeriidae and the folllowing 7 species are recognized: toxoplasma gondii (nicolle & manceaux) (type species) from about 200 species of mammals and birds, with oocysts in felids; toxoplasma alencari (da costa & pereira) from the frog leptodactylus ocellatus; toxoplasma brumpti coutelen from the iguana iguana tuberculata; toxoplasma colubri tibaldi from the snakes coluber m ... | 1977 | 325203 |
| toxoplasma gondii cysts in cell culture: new biologic evidence. | 1977 | 412941 | |
| cockroaches as vectors of sarcocystis muris and of other coccidia in the laboratory. | to assess the roles of the german cockroach (blatella germanica) and the american cockroach (periplaneta americana) in the transmission of sarcocystis muris and of 3 other coccidia of cats-toxoplasma gondii, isospora felis, and isospora rivolta, cockroaches exposed to feces containing these coccidia were periodically fed to mice, as was a portion of the fecal matter. sarcocystis muris sporocysts, which in feces remained infectious for at least 20 days, were also transmitted to mice by p. america ... | 1978 | 417163 |
| [toxoplasma gondii. infection and its prevention]. | 1978 | 351357 | |
| effect of immunization of cats with isospora felis and bcg on immunity to reexcretion of toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | the effect of pretreatment with isospora felis and bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) on the reexcretion of toxoplasma gondii oocysts was studied in 16 coccidia-free cats. the following conclusions were drawn: (a) chronically t. gondii-infected cats reexcreted t. gondii oocysts after superinfection with i. felis, and this reexcretion was prevented in cats infected with i. felis before t. gondii infection. (b) administration of bcg before toxoplasma infection had no apparent effect on the outcome of ... | 1978 | 364044 |
| the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in southern iran. | to determine the prevalence of infection with toxoplasma gondii in the fars province of iran, sera from 300 patients hospitalised at the pahlavi university medical centre in shiraz were tested. there were 157 males and 143 females, with a mean age of 39 years (range 10--80 years). the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was used and titres of 1:16 and above were considered positive. eighty eight patients of whom 50 were male and 38 female (mean age 41 years, range 14--80 years) had pos ... | 1978 | 366166 |
| [cytochemical study of various stages of life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. 10. phosphatases in the parasites during developmental stages in cat's intestines]. | several methods of acid and alkaline phosphatese and atpase detection using both natural and artificial substrates were applied to the intestinal stages of toxoplasma gondii with negative results to reveal enzymatic activity in all the stages except the microgametocyte. possible explanation of this unexpected phenomenon is discussed taking into account host-parasite relationships with intestinal stages of toxoplasma and with coccidia in general. | 1978 | 148759 |
| survey for toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals from norway and sweden. | fifty-nine of 1250 (4.7%) wild and domestic animals from norway and sweden had positive dye-test titers (greater than or equal to 1:8) for antibody against toxoplasma gondii. a dye-test titer of 1:8 (30-40 i.u.) or higher was detected in 3 of 732 small rodents (0.4%), 21 of 87 domestic cats (24%), 9 of 29 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) (31%), 2 of 2 domesticated arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), 12 of 99 red deer (cervus elaphus) (12%), 5 of 8 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) (63%) and in 7 of 34 wild rab ... | 1978 | 650778 |
| [cytochemical study of various stages of life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. 11. oxidation-reduction enzymes in the parasites during developmental stages in cat's intestines]. | dehydrogenases of glycolysis, krebs' cycle and pentose phosphate shunt were investigated in the intestinal stages of t. gondii. the "oval stages" appeared to display the activity of all the enzymes studied differing in this from merozoites and macrogametocytes. the macrogametocytes displayed very low, if any, activity of the enzymes studied, even the mature parasites. immediately after fertilization, sharp shifts were observed in the oxidative metabolism of the zygote: from very low or negative ... | 1978 | 653827 |
| the prevalence of serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in ontario mammals. | the prevalence of seropositive reactions to toxoplasma gondii was studied in farm animals, companion animals, wild rodents and birds. of the animals tested, 17% of cattle, 65% of sheep, 45% of pigs, 9% of horses, 33% of dogs and 20% of cats were seropositive by the sabin-feldman dye test. in addition 11% of mice (mus musculus), 5% of deer mice (peromyscus), 3% of rats (rattus norvegicus) and less than 2% of sparrows (passer domestcus) were seropositive. all samples from short-tailed field mice ( ... | 1978 | 667705 |
| the detection of hammondia hammondi in australia and the identification of a free-living intermediate host. | a cat fed commercially prepared cat food and free-living rats (rattus rattus and r. norvegicus) passed coccidian oocysts which were morphologically similar to toxoplasma gondii. mice dosed with these oocysts did not develop toxoplasmosis, but instead developed small, thin-walled parasitic cysts containing small bradyzoites in their striated muscles. these cysts measured 35 to 90 micron by 9 to 40 micron and they resembled cysts of hammondia hammondi. unlike t. gondii this coccidian parasite was ... | 1978 | 735301 |
| ultrastructure of excystment of toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | the excystation of sporozoites from intact toxoplasma gondii oocysts or mechanically released sporocysts was studied by light and electron microscopy. both intact oocysts and free sporocysts excysted in 5% bovine bile in 0.9% nacl solution after 30-60 min incubation at 37c. sporozoites were first activated in either intact sporocysts or oocysts within 2-12 min of incubation in bile. sporozoites escaped from sporocysts through 4 plate-like sutures in the sporocyst wall, and from the oocyst as the ... | 1978 | 739410 |
| the prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii among hospitalized animals and stray dogs. | hospitalized animals and stray dogs were serologically tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. in addition, the data were examined for the possibility of toxoplasmosis infection being associated with the clinical diagnosis and with the discharge status (alive vs. dead). among 1056 hospitalized animals, 17 (20%) of 86 cats, 112 (14%) of 804 dogs, 34 (26%) of 133 horses and 6 (18%) of 33 cattle had serological evidence of infection with t. gondii. only 22 (6%) of 342 young (median age = o ... | 1978 | 743598 |
| serological study for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in jakarta, indonesia. | a total of 280 sera from medical students, laboratory personnel from the university of indonesia and other persons living in jakarta were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the indirect hemagglutination test. antibody titers equal to or greater than 1:256 were considered positive and were detected in 35 or 12.5% of the persons tested. the sero-positivity rates were not significant between 178 males (13.5%) and 102 females (10.8%) but were significantly different between persons of ind ... | 1978 | 749222 |
| epidemic toxoplasmosis associated with infected cats. | in october, 1977, an outbreak of toxoplasmosis occurred in patrons of a riding stable in atlanta, georgia; 37 became ill with toxoplasmosis or had serologic evidence by indirect fluorescent-antibody test of acute infection with toxoplasma gondii (titer greater than or equal to 1:4096 or a positive fluorescent-antibody test for toxoplasma antibodies). forty-nine additional patrons did not become ill. two of the three adult cats from the stable were seropositive for toxoplasma, which was also reco ... | 1979 | 763300 |
| pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus and the compromised host. | pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii are the two major parasitic protozoan pathogens in the immunocompromised host. both organisms cause latent infection in humans and many animals. cats are the definitive hosts for toxoplasmosis; the animal vector for pneumocystis (if any) has not been defined. toxoplasma is an obligate intracellular parasite, whereas the available evidence suggests that pneumocystis carinii exists primarily extracellularly. in compromised hosts, pneumocystis infection us ... | 1979 | 217182 |
| porcine toxoplasmosis in indiana. | toxoplasmosis was diagnosed at necropsy in a 4-week-old pig from a litter of 16 born to a clinically normal sow. multifocal acute necrosis of blood vessels and parenchyma was found in the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain. numerous tachyzoites, ultrastructurally indistinguishable from toxoplasma gondii, were found in lesions. the affected pig and seven other littermates died after diarrhea had developed within 1 to 2 weeks of birth. the most likely source of infect ... | 1979 | 422464 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in horses. | 1979 | 448624 | |
| toxoplasmosis in a calf. | gross post mortem and histopathological changes are described in a calf with toxoplasmosis. the major pathological changes were restricted to the lungs and kidneys and comprised interstitial pneumonia with multifocal necrosis, and glomerular necrosis. many pseudocysts were present in both organs. the calf had been in close contact with young cats, one of which was killed and examined and shown to have a high antibody titre to toxoplasma gondii, although there was little histological evidence of ... | 1979 | 473542 |
| an ultrastructural study on the excystation of the sporozoites of toxoplasma gondii. | the ultrastructural changes which occur during the in vitro excystation of the sporozoites of toxoplasma gondii were examined. the excystation was carried out at 37 degrees c on suspensions of oocysts which had been ground and then treated with an excysting medium containing 0.25% trypsin and 0.75% sodium taurocholate in phosphate buffered saline, ph 7.3. it was found that sporocysts within intact oocysts were unaffected while sporocysts exposed to the medium ruptured. the sporocyst wall consist ... | 1979 | 525353 |
| direct development of enteroepithelial stages of toxoplasma in the intestines of cats fed cysts. | four newborn (1- to 2-day-old) and two weaned (55- to 67-day-old) toxoplasma-free cats were killed between 23 and 120 hours after ingestion of toxoplasma gondii cysts from the brains of infected mice, and the cats' tissues were examined for the development of toxoplasma. intraepithelial toxoplasma types (b, c, and d) were found in sections of small intestine. homogenates of mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver of each cat were injected intraperitoneally into each of six weaned toxoplasma-fr ... | 1979 | 525882 |
| toxoplasma gondii: scanning electron microscope studies on the small intestine of infected and uninfected cats. | the mucosal surfaces of villi from the small intestine of cats infected with toxoplasma gondii were studied with the scanning electron microscope and compared with those from uninfected control cats. in uninfected cats villi were predominantly leaf shaped and were lined with ridges; goblet cell openings could be seen. the enterocytes had a hexagonal surface outline and were dome-shaped. infected cats had both normal and abnormal villi. injured villi were shortened and attained a broad leaf shape ... | 1979 | 539422 |
| [examination of cats for the elimination of toxoplasma gondii oocysts]. | two hundred and two samples of excrements were investigated for the presence of toxoplasma gondii oocysts. fifty-two samples were taken from dead domestic cats and a hundred and fifty samples were obtained from wild cats living in various localities of the cssr. the investigation was orientative and a flotation method with the breza flotation solution of the specific weight of 1.300 was used. if the finding was positive, residues of the excrements were floated with a saccharose, solution of the ... | 1979 | 105452 |
| pediatric infectious cervical lymphadenitis. | infectious cervical lymphadenitis is a frequently encountered problem in the pediatric population. the recent experience with infectious cervical lymphadenitis at the children's hospital of philadelphia was reviewed. the most common etiologic agent was staphylococcus aureus. beta-hemolytic streptococcus and mycobacterium were found in 15% and 6% of cases respectively. other agents included pneumococcus, cat scratch, toxoplasma gondii, actinomycosis, and mixed bacteroides and peptostreptococcus. ... | 1980 | 6821410 |
| [prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild animals, and human groups of the amazonas region]. | 1980 | 7231162 | |
| toxoplasma gondii isolated from amniotic fluid. | a pregnant woman contracted toxoplasmosis from exposure to oocysts shed by cats. she underwent amniocentesis for a therapeutic abortion, and toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the amniotic fluid and placenta. this method may be useful in determining whether the fetus is infected in cases of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy. | 1980 | 7360443 |
| experimental toxoplasmosis in calves and pregnant cows. | experimental toxoplasma gondii infections were studied in pregnant cows and in calves. in tests to compare their virulence, three strains of the toxoplasmal parasite were red to cats; then fecal oocysts were collected and given per os to calves. in tests to determine their effects, virulent tachyzoites or oocysts were given to 10 calves and to 22 pregnant cows by the oral, iv, or intraamniotic routes. clinical signs were fever and inappetence. one cow in early gestation aborted 24 days after iv ... | 1980 | 7362114 |
| experimental toxoplasmosis in elk (cervus canadensis). | one cow elk (approx 4 months pregnant) and one calf elk were each inoculated intraruminally with 10(5) infective oocysts of toxoplasma gondii. both animals were seronegative when inoculated, but became seropositive to t gondii. sabin-feldman dye test antibody titers in relation to day postinoculation were as follows: 1:1024, 1:1024, and 1:2048 (days 28, 69, and 73) for the calf; 1:2048, 1:128, and 1:128 (days 34, 69, and 73) for the cow; and 1:2546 (73 days after inoculation of the cow) for the ... | 1980 | 7406299 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the chinese population of hong kong. | sera from 2,499 randomly selected chinese inhabitants of hong kong were tested for the presence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. the over-all prevalence was 9.8%. the prevalence was significantly higher in the 10 to 19 and 30 to 39 year age group and the highest level of titres was found in the 20 to 29 group. there was no significant difference in prevalence between the male and female population and between the rural and city dwellers. the distinctl ... | 1980 | 7434429 |
| toxoplasma gondii in costa rican cats. | toxoplasma gondii infection of cats was studied in seven localities in costa rica. a total of 237 cats were tested for antibody by the dye test, and for oocysts by injection into mice. toxoplasma was isolated from 55 (23%) and antibody was found in 109 (46%). sixty percent of cats were infected as shown by shedding or antibody. of the 55 isolations, 64% were from kittens without antibody and 36% from kittens with antibody. almost half of the toxoplasma isolations were made from the feces of kitt ... | 1980 | 7446806 |
| intermediate and transport hosts of toxoplasma gondii in costa rica. | toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 3.5% of 202 mus musculus, 12.5% of 120 rattus norvegicus, 16% of 106 sparrows (zonotrichia capensis), and from 54% of 50 chickens from costa rica. the infection rate in chickens increased from 23% in those weighing less than 500 g, to 73% in those between 500 and 1,000 g, indicating a rapid rate of acquiring infectin, probably from the soil in which they constantly search for food. no isolates were made from musca domestica, or from four genera of roaches caug ... | 1980 | 7446807 |
| human toxoplasmosis and cat contact in costa rica. | we studied the prevalence of antibody to toxoplasma gondii in 883 costa ricans between the ages of 15 and 26 years (mean 20.3). there were seven populations, two rural and five urban. the overall antibody prevalence was 61.4%. because antibody prevalence was 57.1% in the 14 people who ate raw meat, and 61.6% in the 294 people who consumed raw eggs, meat and eggs could be excluded as important modes of transmission. we ascertained the presence of cats, type of soil contact, and flooring in the ki ... | 1980 | 7446808 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the cat small intestine and mucosal alteration observed during toxoplasma gondii infection. | 1980 | 7458458 | |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates from an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in atlanta, georgia. | toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissue of 5 of 7 cats and of 4 of 4 field mice trapped in a riding stable in atlanta where an outbreak of toxoplasmosis had occurred in persons. dye-test antibodies were not found in serum of 4 cats and 4 field mice shown to be infected with t gondii by mouse inoculation. the pathogenicity and infectivity of the 9 isolates of t gondii from cats and mice were compared in mice with the same characteristics of an isolate from a person who acquired toxoplasmosis i ... | 1981 | 7283229 |
| an in vitro study on the toxoplasmacidal activity of lonomycin a in host cells. | lonomycin a at various concentrations was tested for its inhibitory effect on toxoplasma multiplication in host cells cultured in vitro. results indicate that lonomycin a at a concentration of 0.01 micrograms per ml in tc-199 medium demonstrated a high degree of antitoxoplasma activity with complete inhibition of toxoplasma multiplication in the host cells. lymphokines, a supernatant produced from spleen cells of mice infected chronically with toxoplasma gondii, inhibited toxoplasma multiplicati ... | 1981 | 7298512 |
| sex determination and sex differentiation in isospora (toxoplasma) gondii. | although sexual differentiation in the life-cycle of eimeriina (coccidia) becomes morphologically evident during development of the gamonts, there are indications in the literature that pregametogonic schizonts might already be sexually differentiated. on the other hand development of both sexes from cloned postzygotic, presumably haploid stages has been reported. in the present experiments we cloned successive stages of the coccidian representative isopora (toxoplasma) gondii to determine the t ... | 1981 | 7324138 |
| toxoplasmosis update and public health implications. | toxoplasma gondii has a coccidian life cycle in the intestine of domestic and wild felids that includes a series of asexual and sexual stages and an oocyst stage that is shed in the feces. oocysts complete their development outside the body, eventually becoming infective for about 350 species of vertebrates including cats and man. the effects of climate on oocyst survival and the physical and biological means of oocyst dispersal are discussed. infectivity and pathogenicity for livestock species ... | 1981 | 7337909 |
| pathogenesis of acute toxoplasmosis in specific-pathogen-free cats. | systemic toxoplasmosis was produced in specific-pathogen-free cats by intravenous inoculation with toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. infectious organisms were recovered from all tissues studied, but the number of organisms recovered from liver, lungs and spleen was 10-fold to 10,000-fold higher than from heart and brain. the occurrence and severity of toxoplasma-induced lesions correlated with the number of infectious organisms recovered from the various tissues. in nonlymphoid tissues, the toxopla ... | 1981 | 6457439 |
| protozoan and viral infections of feral cats. | identification of protozoan oocysts and serological tests were used to determine the prevalence of infections among 300 mainly adult feral cats in three different habitat types in south-eastern australia. oocysts of isospora rivolta and isospora felis were recovered from 3% and 4% respectively of 300 feral cat samples. haemagglutination inhibition antibody to toxoplasma gondii was detected in 20% of 75 cat sera tested. a high prevalence of specific antibody to feline panleukopaenia virus (79%) a ... | 1981 | 6280665 |
| epizootic toxoplasmosis associated with abortion in dairy goats in montana. | perinatal toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in goats from 2 farms in montana. of 7 pregnant does from one farm, 1 aborted a dead fetus and 2 each had a kid infected in utero. toxoplasma gondii was demonstrated histologically in the placenta of 2 of the infected does and by mouse inoculation in all 3 of them. the organism also was isolated from internal organs of 6 of 7 does, 4 of 4 cats, and 3 of 11 chickens from the farm. a pregnant doe from the other farm delivered 3 kids infected with t gondii. one ... | 1981 | 7204243 |
| toxoplasma gondii transmission from cats to children. | 1981 | 18748842 | |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies and oocysts in pound-source cats. | the overall prevalence of serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in 87 pound-source cats from the state of washington was 31%; its was 41% for stray cats and 28% for owner-relinquished cats. approximately 60% of the 27 seropositive cats had dye-test titers greater than or equal to 1:256. oocysts of toxoplasma gondii were not observed in fecal specimens from 73 of the cats. it was concluded that the high antibody titers, indicative of recently acquired infection, could result in increased risk to ... | 1982 | 7096176 |
| immunization of cats against shedding of toxoplasma oocysts. | development of immunity to the shedding of oocysts was examined in 75 kittens that survived infection with the three stages of toxoplasma gondii. of 16 kittens fed bradyzoites in cysts, 94% were immune and did not shed oocysts. of seven injected with tachyzoites 86% were immune. of 18 fed sporozoites only 11% were immune, but following injection, 54% of 12 were immune. after the administration of either bradyzoites or tachyzoites from nonoocyst-producing strains, only 9% of 22 were immune. consi ... | 1982 | 7131181 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pet dogs and cats. | 1982 | 7138437 | |
| isolation of encysted toxoplasma gondii from muscles of mule deer in montana. | toxoplasma gondii was isolated from muscles of 2 road-killed mule deer found near bozeman, mont, by feeding muscles to a toxoplasma-free cat. the cat shed t gondii oocysts 5 days after ingesting muscles pooled from the 2 deer. one infective oocyst of this isolate of t gondii was lethal to mice. | 1982 | 7161172 |
| induced toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis, and isospora canis infections in coyotes. | six littermate laboratory-raised coyotes (no. 1-6) were used to study the transmission of toxoplasma gondii from cats and mice, and toxocara canis and isospora canis from dogs and mice. coyotes 1 and 2 were inoculated orally with 1,000 infective oocysts of the tc-1 strain of t gondii; coyotes 3 and 4 were fed mice infected with tissue cysts of the tc-1 strain of t gondii. eight days after inoculation with t gondii, the same 4 coyotes were exposed to toxocara canis: coyotes 1 and 2 were inoculate ... | 1982 | 7174440 |
| [isolation of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in 2 districts of recife (pe)]. | 1983 | 6879049 | |
| animal toxoplasmosis in iran. | a latex agglutination slide test for toxoplasma antibodies was used on serum samples collected from various animals (111 cats, 113 dogs, three jackals, 393 sheep, 272 goats, 69 cows) in different parts of iran. the sero-positive rate in titres 1:2-1:256 in different animals ranged from 12.6 to 56.0%; the highest (56.0%) was found in the stray dogs. suspensions of the brains of 120 sero-positive animals (17 cats, 14 dogs, one jackal, 66 sheep, 22 goats) as well as 13 sero-negative animals (11 dog ... | 1983 | 6887318 |
| toxoplasmosis infection associated with eating undercooked venison. | toxoplasmosis infection was documented in one alabama and two south carolina deer hunters in 1980. all three cases were acutely ill and required hospitalization. physical findings included fever, leukopenia, and abnormal liver function tests. two of the three patients showed infiltrates on chest x-ray. all three hunters had recently consumed raw or nearly raw venison and lacked other known risk factors for toxoplasmosis such as cat contact or eating other undercooked meats. in a serosurvey and q ... | 1983 | 6650484 |
| toxoplasma gondii--an environmental contaminant. | toxoplasma gondii, the causal agent of toxoplasmosis, is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite which has the potential to infect man and all warm-blooded animals. it has as its definitive host the cat. infections acquired by the human adult are generally subclinical. however, if acquired for the first time during pregnancy, the parasite can invade the developing foetus. under these circumstances infection can result in abortion, stillbirth or production of live-born offspring with severe multiple orga ... | 1983 | 6678762 |
| experimental infection of a bison with toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | 1983 | 6684185 | |
| distribution of cysts and tachyzoites in calves and pregnant cows inoculated with toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | sixteen calves and 6 cows were each inoculated with 100 000 infective oocysts of the gt-1 strain of toxoplasma gondii. cattle were necropsied between 3 and 287 days post-inoculation (dpi) and their tissues were inoculated into mice or fed to toxoplasma-free cats for the detection to toxoplasma in bovine tissues. ten to 10 000-fold more t. gondii were recovered from small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of calves at 3 and 6 dpi than from lungs and liver, and the number of t. gondii in bovine ... | 1983 | 6686377 |
| toxoplasma gondii: genetic crosses reveal phenotypic suppression of hydroxyurea resistance by fluorodeoxyuridine resistance. | mutants resistant to sinefungin (sf) and hydroxyurea (hu) were isolated from an oocyst-producing strain of toxoplasma gondii with the aid of mutagenesis with ethylnitrosourea. these mutants were used with previously described mutants resistant to adenine arabinoside (araa) and fluorodeoxyuridine (fudr) in genetic crosses in cats. in order to interpret the data from crosses in which all four mutants were used to infect the same cat, it was necessary to devise a mathematical expression to predict ... | 1983 | 6219892 |
| observations on some epidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis in malaysia. | a review of the various studies on toxoplasmosis in peninsular malaysia is presented. the period of review spanned between 1973 and 1980 during which a number of serological surveys were carried out for the presence of toxoplasma gondii antibody in malaysians, using either the indirect hemagglutination (i.h.a.) or the indirect fluorescent antibody (i.f.a.) tests. the prevalence rates of toxoplasma antibody were consistently foundhighest among malays, followed by indians, orang aslis (aborigines) ... | 1984 | 6389404 |
| besnoitia darlingi (apicomplexa, sarcocystidae, toxoplasmatinae): transmission between opossums and cats. | opossums (didelphis marsupialis), act as intermediate hosts for besnoitia darlingi and could be infected orally with sporozoites (oocysts) and bradyzoites (tissue cysts), or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tachyzoites. infections could presumably be transmitted through cannibalism. cats (felis catus), the definitive host, could be infected only with bradyzoites but not sporozoites. oocysts shed by cats measure about 12 x 12 microns, resemble similarly sized oocysts of toxoplasma gondii and hammond ... | 1984 | 6439859 |
| feline bronchial cytology: histologic/cytologic correlation in 22 cats. | trichrome-stained bronchial washings were obtained from 22 cats at necropsy and compared to lung tissue sections obtained at the same time. in three of the 22 cats, antemortem bronchial washings also were obtained. sixteen of the cats were clinically ill and six were clinically normal and served as controls. on the basis of comparison of histologic sections and bronchial washings, patterns were detected in the washings indicative of general processes such as alveolar edema, chronic passive conge ... | 1984 | 6730221 |
| immunizing efficacy of toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from different hosts. | studies were carried out to determine the fate of virulent toxoplasma gondii challenge in immune animals. toxoplasma strains isolated from human, swine, rabbit and cat hosts were used for the primary immunization of mice. brains were removed at various intervals after the challenge and subinoculated into normal mice. prior immunization with one of the nine toxoplasma strains enabled the mice either to eliminate or harbour the challenge organisms without loss of virulence. the outcome of challeng ... | 1984 | 6499407 |
| the prevalence of public health significance of toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats in the niger delta. | 1984 | 6522573 | |
| recognition and characterization of stage-specific oocyst/sporozoite antigens of toxoplasma gondii by human antisera. | human infection with toxoplasma gondii is presumed due to the ingestion of either tissue cysts containing bradyzoites or oocyst/sporozoites that are excreted in the feces of infected cats. the incidence of human infection in the general population by either of these routes is unknown. we have previously described unique stage-specific oocyst/sporozoite antigens identified by murine hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. we obtained acute and convalescent antitoxoplasma antisera from patients in an epi ... | 1985 | 2581998 |
| sex determination and sex differentiation in coccidia: gametogony and oocyst production after monoclonal infection of cats with free-living and intermediate host stages of isospora (toxoplasma) gondii. | clones of single oocysts, single sporocysts, single sporozoites, single proliferative parasites, single cysts and single cystozoites of isospora (toxoplasma) gondii (kb-strain) were made under visual control using a de fonbrune micromanipulator. cloning was successful in 28, 32, 21, 8, 54 and 7% of the trials, respectively. all clones were used for monoclonal infection in non-immune conventionally reared (cv) or specified pathogen-free (spf) cats. pre-patent and patent periods, sporulation perce ... | 1985 | 3982853 |
| persistence of encysted toxoplasma gondii in tissues of equids fed oocysts. | thirteen 6-month- to 13-year-old equids were each inoculated orally with 10,000 infective toxoplasma gondii oocysts. the equids remained clinically normal. equids were euthanatized on postinoculation days 33, 45, 90, 104, 120, 140, 162, 183, 197, 204, 211, 294, and 476. their tissues were bioassayed for viable oocysts by feeding muscles to toxoplasma-free cats and by inoculation of pepsin digests of 13 organs into mice. using mouse inoculation, t gondii was recovered from tissues of the 9 equids ... | 1985 | 4037503 |
| [opportunistic toxoplasma gondii infections]. | in children with cellular immune deficiency, toxoplasmosis may result in severe infection, chiefly because of cerebral impairment presenting as meningo-encephalitis or as a pseudo-tumoral syndrome. allogenic bone marrow transplantation or aids are high risk situations. most often it is a reviviscence of former foci toxoplasma cysts. diagnosis is difficult because serology is not contributive. isolation of trophozoites in the cerebrospinal fluid is rare. cat scan and sometimes cerebral biopsy all ... | 1985 | 3833107 |
| [reinfection by toxoplasma gondii nicolle & manceaux, 1909 in mice and cats. experimental study]. | 1985 | 3836484 | |
| correlation of tissue infection and serologic findings in pigs fed toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | each of thirteen 6-week-old pigs was inoculated per os with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of toxoplasma gondii. by postinoculation day (pid) 13, pigs were seropositive by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. beginning on pid 13 and every 7 days thereafter through pid 97, 1 pig was killed and 6 tissues were examined for t gondii. of the 13 pigs, 11 were infected, including the 1st pig killed on pid 13, although none of the pigs had gross lesions of toxoplasmosis. tissues harboring t gondii most fr ... | 1985 | 3890633 |
| carbon immunoassay--a simple and rapid serodiagnostic test for feline toxoplasmosis. | a serodiagnostic test, simpler and more rapid to perform than traditional methods, was sought to identify toxoplasma gondii antibody in research cats. the reliability and sensitivity of the direct and indirect carbon immunoassay (cia) tests were compared to each other and to the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test. the three tests were used to detect the presence or absence of t. gondii antibody in the sera of 94 cats. the results of this study show that the cia tests correlate with o ... | 1985 | 3900579 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis. | infection with toxoplasma gondii, which occurs in both men and women, is usually subclinical and benign. infection during pregnancy, however, may be a serious and even life-threatening event for the fetus. antenatal education should focus on avoidance of contact with the sources of infection: the domestic cat and raw or rare meats. a review of toxoplasmosis is presented, and means for its primary prevention through antenatal education are outlined. | 1985 | 3906054 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection of cats in beirut, lebanon. | the prevalence of serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test in cats of beirut, lebanon from september 1980 to july 1983 (35 months). testing revealed that 253/324 (78.1%) cats had antibodies in the ifa test. while the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in stray cats was considerably greater than in owned cats at the beginning of the study, this difference diminished over time, and prevalence was similar by the end of the study. faecal s ... | 1985 | 3915329 |
| [neonatal toxoplasmosis in kittens]. | the occurrence of toxoplasmosis is described in the cat-mother and three kittens. clinical symptoms were not significant: bristled hair, conjunctivitis, sneezing and hypertrophy of mandibular and popliteal lymph nodes. the titres of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were demonstrated in all kittens and also in the cat: sabin-feldman reaction titre 4-32, complement-fixing reaction titre 5-40. microprecipitation in agar gel was positive in all animals. oocytes of toxoplasma gondii were eliminated th ... | 1985 | 3929452 |
| effect of irradiation on the viability of toxoplasma gondii cysts in tissues of mice and pigs. | muscles from tongue, heart, and limbs of 14 pigs inoculated orally with toxoplasma gondii oocysts were irradiated with 10, 20, 25, and 30 krad of gamma (cesium-137 and cobalt-60) irradiation. viability of t gondii cysts was assayed by feeding porcine muscles to t gondii-free cats and/or by inoculation of sediment from acid-pepsin digested porcine muscle into mice. cats fed 500-g samples of muscles irradiated with up to 20 krad shed t gondii oocysts. cats fed muscles irradiated with 25 or 30 krad ... | 1986 | 3963554 |
| helminthiasis and toxoplasmosis among exotic mammals at the santiago national zoo. | parasitologic evaluations of 112 fecal specimens from 292 mammals from the santiago national zoo (36 specimens were pooled specimens from greater than or equal to 2 animals) indicated that 51 mammals had protozoa or helminths in their feces. most of the parasites in the herbivorous species were trichurids and strongylids, whereas most of the parasites in the carnivorous species were ascarids. coccidia spp and giardia spp were the most frequently detected protozoans in the mammals evaluated. of 1 ... | 1986 | 3505930 |
| a review of toxoplasmosis of animals in the u.s.s.r. | information on the serologic and parasitologic prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild animals of the u.s.s.r. is reviewed. although complement-fixing antibodies to t. gondii were widely prevalent in animals, little information is available on the presence of viable t. gondii in tissues of animals. reports of epizootics in which t. gondii was suspected to be the causative agent of toxoplasmosis are summarized. also, the strict economic impact of toxoplasmosis on agricultur ... | 1986 | 3518211 |
| macrophage-mediated fungistasis: requirement for a macromolecular component in serum. | peritoneal macrophages from mycobacterium bovis- or toxoplasma gondii-infected mice cultured in vitro in dulbecco's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (fbs) and endotoxin stopped replication of cryptococcus neoformans for 30 hr, whereas yeast cells cultured alone reproduced with a 3.0-hr doubling time. without at least 5% fbs, macrophage fungistasis was poor. fbs without macrophages enhanced the growth rate of cryptococci. macrophages preincubated in vitro for 24 hr without serum became fu ... | 1986 | 3522734 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats: detection by indirect hemagglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody tests. | 1986 | 3525796 | |
| [toxoplasma gondii in haiti. results of a sero-epidemiologic survey in a rural area]. | in haiti, positive immunofluorescent tests are observed in 5.9% of the inhabitants of a rural area in the south of the country. the index of positive reactions is increasing with age. no difference between males and females is noticed. seropositive cases are clustered within defined families for 60% of them. the antibodies titers are low: 8 i. u. for 88% of cases. the prevalence of toxoplasmosis varies from 0 to 15%, according to the village, without any clear relationship with rainfall, altitud ... | 1986 | 3549023 |
| epidemiologic observations on infection with toxoplasma gondii in three species of urban mammals from baltimore, maryland, usa. | the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was determined in three species of domestic and commensal mammals, from baltimore, maryland, usa. crude prevalences of infection were 14.5% in cats (n = 650), 32.2% in dogs (n = 233), and 49.5% in norway rats (n = 109). oocysts identical to t. gondii were detected in 0.5% of cat feces. cats and rats showed antibody prevalence rates which were strongly age-(or some age-related variable) dependent, with the highest rates associated with older anima ... | 1986 | 3557837 |
| epizootiologic investigations on a sheep farm with toxoplasma gondii-induced abortions. | during the lambing season of 1983/1984, 8 of 44 purebred hampshire ewes on a farm in knoxville, md had reproductive problems. in at least 4 of these ewes, the problem was attributed to toxoplasmosis. necrosis and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were found in placental specimens from 3 ewes. agglutinating antibody to t gondii, at a titer of 1:80, was found in pleural fluids of both fetuses aborted from 1 ewe; this ewe had an antibody titer of 1:6,400 at the time of abortion. in another ewe, the dia ... | 1986 | 3700210 |
| toxoplasma gondii-induced abortion in dairy goats. | three of 8 goats on a maryland farm aborted or had dystocia associated with toxoplasmosis during the winter of 1984. doe 1 aborted a decomposed fetus 30 days before term. modified agglutination test (mat) antibody titers against toxoplasma gondii were found in pleural fluid of the fetus (1:1,024) and in serum of doe (1:4,096 at 31 days after abortion). doe 2 aborted a fetus 5 days before term; mat antibody was found in the pleural fluid of the fetus (1:16,384) and in the doe's serum (1:4,096 on ... | 1986 | 3700211 |
| a serological survey of the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs and cats in saudi arabia. | the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in dogs and cats were determined by an indirect haemagglutination (iha) test. 3% of the dogs' sera and 15.2% of that of the cats showed titres diagnostically significant of toxoplasmosis in humans; their possible role in transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans in saudi arabia is discussed. | 1986 | 3750391 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis: epidemiologic features and control. | toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite toxoplasma gondii. it is acquired from undercooked meat or from food or fomites contaminated by cat feces. the disease can be transmitted to the fetus only during maternal parasitemia, which is associated with primary infection. extrapolation from current data suggests that there are 140 to 1400 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis per year in canada and that 70 to 280 of the infants are severely affected at birth; many of the others suffer sequelae later in ... | 1986 | 3756692 |
| isospora (toxoplasma) gondii: induction of sexuality. | the role of the stomach and small intestine of cats and of the parasite's rate of multiplication on induction of sexuality in isospora (toxoplasma) gondii was studied by injecting cats either with free cystozoites or proliferative parasites directly into the intestinal lumen, after laparotomy. oocyst production was similar in cats infected orally with cysts or cystozoites and in cats infected by inoculation into the duodenal lumen with free cystozoites, obtained by either mechanical rupture of b ... | 1986 | 3757068 |
| the seasonal prevalence of the toxoplasma gondii infections in stray cats from urban area studied by parasitological methods. | 1986 | 3767640 | |
| sarcocystis capracanis and toxoplasma gondii infections in range goats from texas. | specimens of tongues, esophagi, diaphragms, or abdominal muscles of 115 range goats from san angelo, tex, were examined for sarcocystis and toxoplasma gondii infections. sarcocystis spp zoites were found microscopically in pepsin digests of muscles of 60.8% goats and sarcocysts of s capracanis were found in histologic sections of 27.8% goats. sarcocysts were more common in sections of tongue (19.1%) than in those of other muscles (9.9% to 10.7%). a dog fed sarcocystis-infected tissues shed sporo ... | 1986 | 3083732 |
| [incidence of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in cat feces]. | within two years and a half, the faeces of 620 cats coming from brno and the area around the city were subjected to parasitological examination with special regard to the occurrence of the oocysts of toxoplasma gondii. sucrose solution at the specific weight of 1,150 was used as flotation medium. oocysts of toxoplasma gondii were eliminated by eight cats (1.29%) at the age from 16 days to 1.5 years. six of the eight cats were younger than seven months. the toxoplasma gondii oocysts were eliminat ... | 1986 | 3095977 |
| [hygienic problems of keeping pets in the federal republic of germany]. | pet animals i.e. vertebrates from fish to mammals are often suspected to transmit germs of various systematic position (viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites) to human beings. a critical analysis shows that only a very limited number of such organisms can be transmitted from animals to man. zooanthroponoses with pet animal origin is a very rare phenomenon. bacteria like salmonellae which were incriminated to be the cause of about 250,000 infections of man per year, particularly of children, in ... | 1986 | 3107276 |
| toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including human beings. infection in cats is of particular interest because felidae (domestic and wild) are the only known definitive hosts for t. gondii and thus are the main reservoirs of infection. clinical and public health aspects of t. gondii infections in cats and dogs are discussed in this article. | 1987 | 3328395 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in meat animals, cats and dogs in central scotland. | 1987 | 3580823 | |
| prevalence of chlamydia, toxoplasma, toxocara and ringworm in farm cats in south-west england. | the prevalence of infection with chlamydia psittaci, toxoplasma gondii, toxocara cati and microsporum canis was examined in 51 cats on 22 sheep farms in the bristol area. serum antibody to c psittaci and t gondii was present in 45 per cent and 47 per cent of cats, respectively. at the time of sampling c psittaci was isolated from 6 per cent of the cats, t cati was identified in 63 per cent of faecal samples but neither t gondii nor m canis was isolated. when examined according to the farm of ori ... | 1987 | 3672827 |
| low prevalence of toxoplasma infection in a rocky mountain prenatal population. | congenital toxoplasmosis is rarely diagnosed in colorado. to better determine whether this was the result of under-reporting or a valid observation, the sera of 120 consecutive prenatal patients from a lower-income clinic population were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. four of the patients had positive sabin-feldman dye tests, for a 3% incidence of past infection. none had immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody. this rate is considerably lower than that in other populations, perhaps because ... | 1987 | 3684127 |
| long-term persistence of toxoplasma gondii in tissues of pigs inoculated with t gondii oocysts and effect of freezing on viability of tissue cysts in pork. | to study the distribution of tissue cysts in porcine tissues, 16 pigs were fed oocysts of 4 strains of toxoplasma gondii (4 pigs/strain). pigs were euthanatized between postinoculation days 103 and 875 and portions of 5 to 14 organs were bioassayed in mice and/or cats for t gondii. for bioassays, 50- to 100-g portions of tissue were incubated in acidic pepsin solution to free bradyzoites from cysts in parenchyma, and washed sediment from the digests of each specimen was inoculated sc into mice ( ... | 1988 | 3400928 |
| [a survey of toxoplasma gondii infection of miners in the nantun coal mine]. | 1988 | 3409307 | |
| [relation between the occurrence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and clinical findings in cats]. | within a three-year period, 178 clinically healthy and 442 sick cats (patients of the clinic for small animal diseases of the university of veterinary medicine, brno) were examined for the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. antibodies to t. gondii were detected in 34.8% of the animals without clinical signs of the disease and in 54.3% of the sick cats (p less than 0.01). compared with the group of clinically healthy cats, the specific antibodies occurred significantly more frequently i ... | 1988 | 3127985 |
| [incidence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in cats from brno and the surrounding area]. | in the course of three years, 620 cats of all age categories were investigated for the occurrence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. the serological examinations included the sabin-feldman reaction (sfr), complement-fixation reaction (cfr) and microprecipitation in agar gel (mpa), according to methods prescribed for use in czechoslovakia. when the sabin-feldman reaction was used, 250 (40.3%) of the examined cats were found to be positive at the titre of 4-128. by the complement-fixation reactio ... | 1988 | 3128910 |
| fatal toxoplasmosis and enteroepithelial stages of toxoplasma gondii in a pallas cat (felis manul). | toxoplasma gondii was found in tissues of a six-year-old female pallas cat (felis manul) from the milwaukee county zoo. toxoplasma gondii meronts (types d and e), gamonts, and oocysts were present in the epithelium of the small intestine. numerous unsporulated oocysts were present in the intestinal lumen. the cat died of acute, overwhelming toxoplasmosis. necrotic enteritis, multifocal necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis, and pneumonia were the prominent lesions. | 1988 | 3199337 |
| [the incidence of toxoplasmosis among wild vertebrates of turkmenia (based on serologic data)]. | 985 wild small mammals and birds were serologically investigated for toxoplasmosis from 1981 to 1984 in turkmenia: antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in the indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescent complement fixation reactions according to goldwasser and shepard were found in 247 (25.0%), in 11 of 17 investigated species of mammals and in 13 of 22 species of birds. a sharp rise in the toxoplasmosis infection level of wild mammals was found out serologically for the first time (from 1.2% in ... | 1988 | 2976145 |
| efforts towards a vaccine against toxoplasma gondii: a review. | in a review, past as well as present investigations carried out towards a vaccine against toxoplasmosis are outlined. a historical retrospect of the various immunization experiments is given, recent research projects intending the characterization of antigens that are relevant to host protective immunity are described, and a prospect to future problems and developments expected in the field is drafted. | 1988 | 3066067 |
| [toxoplasma gondii infection among wild and domestic animals]. | 1988 | 3071919 | |
| epidemiologic observations on feline immunodeficiency virus and toxoplasma gondii coinfection in cats in baltimore, md. | five hundred eighty-five serum samples obtained between 1980 and 1981 from a diverse population of cats were tested by use of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). results of 14 of the samples were positive (prevalence, 2.4%). the fiv-positive cats were markedly older than the overall population and frequently were coinfected (57%) with toxoplasma gondii. the toxoplasma titers of the fiv-positive cats were significantly (p less than 0.03) highe ... | 1989 | 2537272 |
| a serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in zoo animals and other animals. | a survey for toxoplasma gondii (tp) infection in the animals bred or caught in and around kobe municipal oji zoo was conducted by the latex agglutination (la) test using plasma samples collected for the years from 1980 to 1988. plasma antibody to tp (greater than or equal to 1:64) was found in 5.0% (0 of 181) mammals belonging to 28 families of 10 orders and 6.7% (12 of 179) aves belonging to 22 families of 15 orders, respectively. cats, rats and pigeons caught in and around the zoo lower positi ... | 1989 | 2607744 |
| the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies among cats from mahalla el-kobra, gharbia governorate. | toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected using indirect haemaggulination (iha) and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests. positive reactions were detected among 18.5% and 12.5% of stray (92) and owned cats (32) using iha-test respectively. with ifa-test antibodies were 20.7% and 15.6% respectively. | 1989 | 2651536 |