| neurologic dysfunctions caused by a molecular clone of feline immunodeficiency virus, fiv-ppr. | fiv is a lentivirus of domestic cats that causes a spectrum of diseases that is remarkably similar to the clinical syndrome produced by hiv infection in people. both hiv and fiv has been shown to cause neurologic dysfunction. specific pathogen-free (spf) cats were placed into one of three groups: fiv-ppr infected; du-fiv-ppr (a dutpase mutant of the fiv-ppr clone) infected; or an age-matched control group. in both infected groups, the general clinical signs of infection included lymphadenopathy, ... | 1996 | 8972420 |
| parameters of disease progression in long-term experimental feline retrovirus (feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus) infections: hematology, clinical chemistry, and lymphocyte subsets. | after several years of latency, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) cause fatal disease in the cat. the aim of this study was to determine laboratory parameters characteristic of disease progression which would allow a better description of the asymptomatic phase and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the two infections. therefore, experimentally infected cats (fiv and/or felv positive) and control animals were observed over a period of 6.5 years under ... | 1997 | 9008278 |
| comparative properties of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) proteinases prepared by total chemical synthesis. | the aspartyl proteinase (pr) encoded by the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was prepared by total chemical synthesis. the 116-amino-acid polypeptide chain was assembled in a stepwise fashion using a boc chemistry solid-phase peptide synthesis approach and subsequently folded into the biologically active dimeric proteinase. the synthetic enzyme showed proteolytic activity against a variety of different peptide substrates corresponding to putative cleavage sites of the gag and gag-pol polyprot ... | 1996 | 8862421 |
| common mechanism of infection by lentiviruses. | | 1997 | 9024654 |
| proviral organization and sequence analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus isolated from a pallas' cat. | the nucleotide sequence and genomic organization have been determined for a highly cytopathic feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolated from a pallas' cat. the 9747-bp provirus of this virus, fiv-oma, has typical lentivirus organization with ltrs, gag, pol, and env open reading frames (orfs), putative vif and rev orfs, and an orf similar to orf2/orfa of domestic cat fiv isolates. although the fiv-oma provirus is 300 to 600 bp longer than other fiv proviruses, these additional bases are distri ... | 1997 | 9024812 |
| nucleotide sequences of australian isolates of the feline immunodeficiency virus: comparison with other feline lentiviruses. | proviral dna from four australian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was amplified by pcr and the nucleotide sequence determined for two conserved regions within gag (p15/p24) and pol (rt) genes. comparison with the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of two previously described u.s. isolates from california (petaluma and ppr), and a third from maryland (md) as well as the japanese isolate tm2, revealed a close similarity between the australian and californian isolates with 9 ... | 1993 | 8397502 |
| prevalence of antibodies to feline parvovirus, calicivirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus, and immunodeficiency virus and of feline leukemia virus antigen and the interrelationship of these viral infections in free-ranging lions in east africa. | while viral infections and their impact are well studied in domestic cats, only limited information is available on their occurrence in free-ranging lions. the goals of the present study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv), herpesvirus (fhv), coronavirus (fcov), parvovirus (fpv), and immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and of feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen in 311 serum samples collected between 1984 and 1991 from lions inhabiting tanzania's national pa ... | 1996 | 8877134 |
| accelerated viremia in cats vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing envelope glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus. | | 1996 | 8882329 |
| the mutation frequency of feline immunodeficiency virus enhanced by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. | we have developed a host range system to measure the mutation frequency of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), the feline homologue of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). when wild-type fiv was grown in the presence of a known mutagen, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (budr), a dose-dependent increase of host range mutants was detected. using this system, we have evaluated the effects of antiviral drugs upon the mutation frequency of fiv. subinhibitory concentrations of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidi ... | 1996 | 8624757 |
| the value of primate models for studying human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. | research on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is compromised by the obvious limitation in having for study only virus-infected individuals or those exposed to the virus. steps involved in transmission or pathogenesis require planned experimentation. the identification of animal models of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has therefore been helpful for evaluating phases of hiv pathogenesis. of the seven subgenera of lentiviruses now recognized, two share the characteristics wit ... | 1996 | 8892037 |
| transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats via artificial insemination. | the objective of this study was to determine whether semen from male domestic cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) can transmit virus to females. twelve inseminations were performed by an intrauterine laparoscopic technique with fresh or cryopreserved electroejaculates from asymptomatic males chronically infected with the ncsu1 strain of fiv. of six inseminations performed with fresh semen, three resulted in infection of queens, as indicated by seroconversion, expression of fiv ... | 1996 | 8892958 |
| probing interactions between viral dna and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase using dinucleotides. | retroviral integrases are essential for viral replication and represent an attractive chemotherapeutic target. in the current study, we demonstrated the activity of micromolar concentrations of dinucleotides against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv type 2 (hiv-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus integrases. the structure-activity relationship indicates that 5'-phosphorylation enhances potency and that phosphodiester and sugar modifications affect ... | 1997 | 9106620 |
| detection of apoptosis induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were examined for the occurrence of apoptosis after short-term culture. in the pbl from fiv-infected cats, changes in flow-cytometry scattergram, morphological characteristics of apoptosis and nucleosomal dna fragmentation were observed. percentages of apoptotic cells by flowcytometry analysis in pbl from fiv-infected cats (22.4% +/- 9.4%) were significantly higher than those in pbl from uninfected con ... | 1996 | 8893788 |
| fiv infection of the domestic cat: an animal model for aids. | | 1997 | 9136455 |
| proficiency testing of selected antigen and antibody tests for use in dogs and cats. | to determine the correlation of seroimmunologic test results between reference and nonreference laboratories. | 1996 | 8790539 |
| persistence of high virus neutralizing antibody titers in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | the development of virus neutralizing (vn) antibody is one of the most effective host defense mechanisms against virus infection. in the present study, we developed a new vn assay against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) using a feline t-lymphoblastoid cell line, mya-1 cells, based on inhibition of viral reverse transcriptase production. this assay is applicable to strains of fiv which can not infect crfk cells. by using the assay, we examined long-term responses of vn antibody in cats experi ... | 1996 | 8898296 |
| a comparison of antibody responses to veterinary vaccine antigens potentiated by different adjuvants. | six adjuvant formulations were compared for their ability to potentiate the primary and memory antibody responses in mice to three companion animal vaccine immunogens--feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and a recombinantly-derived heartworm antigen. the combination of a novel bacterial immunostimulator, gliding bacterial adjuvant (gba), either adsorbed onto an aluminum hydroxide gel (rehydragel hpa), or emulsified with a vehicle of polyalcohol and detergent, elici ... | 1997 | 9413100 |
| growth of lion and puma lentiviruses in domestic cat cells and comparisons with fiv. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv-fca) is a lentivirus that causes gradual immunological deterioration in domestic cats. lentiviruses related to fiv have been detected in several nondomestic feline species; the biologic significance of these viruses remains to be defined. to examine the in vitro cell tropism of these nondomestic cat lentiviruses, prototypical puma and lion lentiviruses (fiv-pco and fiv-ple) were cultured in a variety of feline cell cultures. a domestic cat t lymphoma cell line, ... | 1997 | 9201228 |
| relationship of lower urinary tract signs to seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus in cats. | a group of 41 cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease was compared to a group of 41 cats without any history of disease for prevalence of seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the group of healthy cats was similar in age and gender to the group of cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease. three of the cats with lower urinary tract disease and one control cat were seropositive for fiv. this difference was not statistically significant. the most common cause of lower ... | 1996 | 8965266 |
| env-specific ctl predominate in cats protected from feline immunodeficiency virus infection by vaccination. | animal models of hiv-1 have a key role to play in elucidation of the cellular mechanisms responsible for protective immunity. vaccination of domestic cats with whole inactivated feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) elicits virus-neutralizing abs and virus-specific ctl in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs and affords protection from homologous virus challenge. in the present study we confirm the induction of virus-specific ctl following immunization with whole inactivated fiv vaccine and de ... | 1996 | 8871667 |
| serologic reactivity using conserved envelope epitopes in feline lentivirus-infected felids. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on synthetic peptides identical to lentivirus envelope protein amino acid sequences was used to study serologic reactivity of lentivirus-infected domestic cats and nondomestic felids. one feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) peptide, p237, was consistently recognized by antibodies from fiv-infected cats, but 2 other fiv peptide antigens were not. the molecular basis for this serologic reactivity was examined. lentivirus-infected nondomestic felis ... | 1997 | 9211229 |
| evaluation of commercially available assays of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin for the assessment of disease progression in fiv-infected cats. | serum or plasma samples from cats at different stages of feline immunodeficiency (fiv) infection and from uninfected cats were tested using immunoassays designed to detect human neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). the results obtained from the anti-human neopterin assay did not correlate with infection status, time post-infection, fcd4 count or clinical picture. feline samples gave negative results in the anti-human beta 2m assay. the assay kits used in this study are not suitable for ... | 1997 | 9220591 |
| dynamics of two feline retroviruses (fiv and felv) within one population of cats. | we present a deterministic model of the dynamics of two microparasites simultaneously infecting a single host population. both microparasites are feline retroviruses, namely feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukaemia virus (felv). the host is the domestic cat felis catus. the model has been tested with data generated by a long-term study of several natural cat populations. stability analysis and simulations show that, once introduced in a population, fiv spreads and is maintained, ... | 1997 | 9225475 |
| targeting antiviral nucleotide analogues to macrophages. | macrophages are important target cells for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. we have developed a drug targeting system for the selective delivery of phosphorylated nucleoside analogues to these phagocytosing cells. this system is based on the possibility of encapsulating the phosphorylated drugs into autologous erythrocytes and on the subsequent selective modification of their membranes to promote macrophage recognition and phagocytosis. targeted delivery of phosphorylated n ... | 1997 | 9226004 |
| fiv monitoring project. | | 1996 | 8883354 |
| mechanism(s) of fiv vaccine protection. | infection of domestic cats with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) represents an important veterinary health problem and a useful animal model for the development of vaccines against aids. two experimental fiv vaccines have been developed: one consisting of fixed infected cells and the other of inactivated whole virus. both vaccines elicited strong ctl responses to fiv and high virus neutralizing (vn) antibody titers. over 90% of vaccinated cats were protected against intraperitoneal infect ... | 1997 | 9209311 |
| molecular characteristics of malignant lymphomas in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | neoplastic disease, especially malignant lymphomas, are often observed in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). in order to clarify the characteristics of lymphoma cells and to investigate the pathogenesis in fiv-infected cats, we examined the lymphoma tissues developed in five cats naturally infected with fiv by southern blot analyses using feline immunoglobulin (ig), t-cell receptors (tcr) and fiv probes. all of the five cases were serologically positive for anti-fiv antibody ... | 1997 | 9261955 |
| fractionation of feline bone marrow with the soybean agglutinin lectin yields populations enriched for erythroid and myeloid elements: transplantation of soybean agglutinin-negative cells into lethally irradiated recipients. | feline bone marrow cells treated with the soybean agglutinin (sba) lectin are separated into two populations, the agglutinated sba(+) fraction containing predominantly cells of myeloid origin and the nonagglutinated sba(-) fraction consisting of cells primarily of the erythroid lineage. facscan analyses revealed a clear distinction of the cells based on their light scattering properties, i.e., large cells and cells with high granularity were found in the sba(+) fraction, whereas cells having a l ... | 1997 | 9275120 |
| most potential linear b cell epitopes of env glycoproteins of feline immunodeficiency virus are immunogenically silent in infected cats. | a battery of sixty-six 20- to 23-amino acid synthetic peptides, partially overlapping by 10-12 amino acids, spanning the entire sequence of the envelope (env) glycoproteins of the petaluma isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv-pet), has been used to map env linear b cell epitopes. by screening fiv-infected cat sera for anti-peptide reactivity, the existence of two immunodominat domains, namely the v3 region of the surface (su) glycoprotein and the domain including the highly conserved se ... | 1997 | 9282817 |
| analysis of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of italian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus indicates a high prevalence and heterogeneity of subtype b. | the genetic diversity of 32 italian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was studied. isolates were obtained from domestic cats living in different areas. sequence data were obtained from a 308 bp fragment of the p25 region of the gag gene. phylogenetic relationships among these sequences and previously published sequences were determined. all the italian isolates could be assigned to subtype b; however, four isolates formed two separate clusters and may represent genetic outliers. th ... | 1997 | 9292012 |
| interstitial lung disease in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infected cats. | postmortem bronchoalveolar lavage of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats indicated an alveolitis process, and histological examination of their lungs confirmed the occurrence of alveolitis, parenchymatous lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and myomatosis. similar lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis has been described in human and animal lentiviral diseases: lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in hiv-1-infected human beings, and maedi in sheep infected by the maedi-visna virus. such lymphoid i ... | 1997 | 9300550 |
| detection of fiv antibodies. | | 1997 | 9076928 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in cats at necropsy: a serological study. | sera collected post mortem during a 6-month period from cats were tested for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-specific antibodies by (1) an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), (2) an indirect peroxidase-based immunocytological test (ip), (3) a western immunoblotting (wb) method with fiv-infected cell lysates, and (4) a wb method with purified viral antigen. all four methods were capable of detecting fiv-specific antibodies in haemolysed sera. however, the elisa showed the lowest "posit ... | 1997 | 9179747 |
| infectivity of lion and puma lentiviruses for domestic cats. | infection of domestic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes progressive immunological deterioration similar to that caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). lentiviruses related to but phylogenetically distinct from fiv have been detected in several non-domestic feline species. serological cross-reactivity of these viruses raises the question as to whether inter-species transmission may occur. to address this issue, we asked whether lion lentivirus (fiv-ple) or two strains of ... | 1997 | 9129651 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus causes increased glutamate levels and neuronal loss in brain. | feline immunodeficiency virus, like human immunodeficiency virus type 1, is a retrolentivirus causing neurological disease and immune suppression. primary neurological complications, including human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy, and neuropathological changes, including gliosis, neuronal injury and multinucleated giant cells, have been described for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. excitatory amino acids have been implicated as a basis for human im ... | 1997 | 9130796 |
| immunopathologic changes in the thymus during the acute stage of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in juvenile cats. | the feline thymus is a target organ and site of viral replication during the acute stage of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection. this was demonstrated by histologic, immunohistologic, flow cytometric, and virologic tests. thymic lesions developed after 28 days postinoculation (p.i.) and included thymitis, premature cortical involution, and medullary b-cell hyperplasia with germinal center formation and epithelial distortion. alterations in thymocyte subsets also developed. fewer cd4+ c ... | 1997 | 9343221 |
| salmonella typhimurium aroa recombinants and immune-stimulating complexes as vaccine candidates for feline immunodeficiency virus. | two experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccines were tested, either alone or in combination, in four groups of cats (a-d). one vaccine (sl3261-fiv) was composed of live attenuated salmonella typhimurium aroa (sl3261) strains expressing the capsid (gag) and part of the envelope (env) proteins of fiv. the other was composed of fiv gag and env proteins incorporated into immune-stimulating complexes (iscom-fiv). cats of group a were immunized four times with sl3261-fiv. cats of group b ... | 1997 | 9400977 |
| a fiv epitope defined by a phage peptide library screened with a monoclonal anti-fiv antibody. | phage peptide libraries constitute powerful tools for the mapping of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies. we report here the characterization of an antibody directed against a 20-residue peptide derived from the surface glycoprotein of the feline immunodeficiency virus. the isolation of the wrpdf consensus sequence from a phage display library defined the exact epitope recognized by the mab. compared with known immunogenic peptides of the fiv envelope, it corresponds to the most immunod ... | 1997 | 9419019 |
| molecular analysis of the feline immunodeficiency virus protease: generation of a novel form of the protease by autoproteolysis and construction of cleavage-resistant proteases. | the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) protease is essential for virion maturation and subsequent viral replication in that it cleaves the gag and gag/pol polyproteins at eight sites to release the respective structural proteins and enzymes. during purification of a recombinant fiv protease (pr), we noted that it underwent autoproteolysis (autolysis) to give discrete cleavage products. these additional pr cleavage sites were defined using n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and mass spectro ... | 1997 | 9188624 |
| mucosally transmitted feline immunodeficiency virus induces a cd8+ antiviral response that correlates with reduction of cell-associated virus. | intravaginal inoculation of cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) results in acute systemic infection accompanied by a strong cd8+ immune response that inhibits viral replication. cd8+ anti-fiv activity, revealed by increased fiv replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) depleted of cd8+ lymphocytes, was detected by 6 weeks after inoculation and correlated with reduced pbmc-associated virus at 12, 16, and 32 weeks after inoculation. some cats with strong cd8+ anti-fiv acti ... | 1998 | 9419165 |
| immunological and histological disorders in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus subtype b (tm2 stain). | three conventional cats were experimentally infected with subtype b (tm2 strain) of fiv, and two conventional cats served as controls. the infected cats were examined immunologically 99-176 weeks post fiv inoculation (wpi) and histologically at 130 wpi. two of the three infected cats exhibited lower cd4/cd8 t cell ratios and hypergammaglobulinemia compared with two control cats. further, all the infected cats showed morphological changes in popliteal lymph nodes such as lymphoid depletion, atrop ... | 1997 | 9444068 |
| perspectives on fiv vaccine development. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), discovered a decade ago, is the causative agent of feline immunodeficiency syndrome (faids), a chronically degenerative, fatal disease in domestic cats. our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of fiv has improved but the development of an effective therapy and prophylaxis has been slow, reflecting the remarkable adaptability of the virus to modern medical intervention. fiv vaccine development has had its successes and failures similar to those encountered ... | 1997 | 9302758 |
| shared usage of the chemokine receptor cxcr4 by the feline and human immunodeficiency viruses. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) induces a disease state in the domestic cat that is similar to aids in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. as with hiv, fiv can be divided into primary and cell culture-adapted isolates. adaptation of fiv to replicate and form syncytia in the crandell feline kidney (crfk) cell line is accompanied by an increase in the net charge of the v3 loop of the envelope glycoprotein, mirroring the changes observed in the v3 loop of hiv gp120 with the ... | 1997 | 9261358 |
| a single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus alters cellular tropism. | the cellular tropism of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is affected by changes in variable region 3 (v3) of the surface (su) envelope glycoprotein (verschoor, e. j., et al., j. virol. 69:4752-4757, 1995). by using high-dose dna transfection, an fiv molecular clone with a non-crfk-tropic v3 acquired the ability to replicate in crfk cells. a single point mutation from a methionine to a threonine in the ectodomain of its transmembrane (tm) envelope glycoprotein was responsible for this chan ... | 1997 | 9261450 |
| [antithrombin iii activity in health cats and its changes in selected disease]. | measurements of the antithrombin iii (at iii) activity in feline plasma with a thrombin dependent chromogenic substrate assay using an automatic analyzer showed a high within run precision. the coefficient of variance was 1.82% (normal at iii activity) or 3.19% (decreased at iii activity), respectively. in comparison with the feline pool plasma the at iii activity in canine plasma was similar (93.7%) and in human reference plasma was lower (71.7%). respecting healthy cats aged more than three mo ... | 1997 | 9451844 |
| effect of enzymatic deglycosylation on feline immunodeficiency virus sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization. | we have investigated the effect of deglycosylation with peptide-n-glycosidase f (pngase f) on the sensitivity to inhibition by immune sera of two variants of the petaluma strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv-pet), one sensitive to antibody-mediated neutralization because tissue culture adapted and the other, obtained by passaging the previous one in vivo, resistant to neutralization. the partial deglycosylation achieved did not appreciably affect fiv-pet infectivity for t lymphoid cell c ... | 1998 | 9491909 |
| retroviruses and sexual size dimorphism in domestic cats (felis catus l.). | hochberg and co-workers have predicted that an increase in host adult mortality due to parasites is balanced by an earlier age at first reproduction. in polygynous species we hypothesize that such a pattern would lead to diverging selection pressure on body size between sexes and increased sexual size dimorphism. in polygynous mammals, male body size is considered to be an important factor for reproductive success. thus, under the pressure of a virulent infection, males should be selected for ra ... | 1998 | 9493404 |
| delayed infection after immunization with a peptide from the transmembrane glycoprotein of the feline immunodeficiency virus. | recent advances in the quantitative assessment of viral burden, by permitting the extension of criteria applied to assess the efficacy of vaccines from all-or-none protection to diminution of the viral burden, may allow the identification of original immunogens of value in combined vaccines. peptides corresponding to three domains of the envelope glycoproteins of feline immunodeficiency virus that are recognized during natural infection were used to immunize cats. after challenge with a primary ... | 1998 | 9499101 |
| cross virus neutralizing antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus genotypes a, b, c, d and e. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is classified into five genotypes, a, b, c, d and e, based on the phylogenetic analysis of the env v3-v5 region. however, whether there is correlation between phylogenetic and antigenic diversities remains unknown. in this study, we examined the cross virus neutralization of fiv genotypes a through e by sera from cats infected with a single genotype. the results indicated some relationships between phylogenetic genotype and neutralization serotype, and that cr ... | 1998 | 9505973 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview. | in 1987, pedersen et al. (1987) reported the isolation of a t-lymphotropic virus possessing the characteristics of a lentivirus from pet cats in davis, california. from the first report onwards, it was evident that in causing an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in cats, the virus was of substantial veterinary importance. it shares many physical and biochemical properties with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and was therefore named feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). this article reviews r ... | 1998 | 9564266 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus subunit vaccines that induce virus neutralising antibodies but no protection against challenge infection. | three experimental vaccines against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), all based on viral antigens presented via immune stimulating complexes (iscoms), were tested for their capacity to induce protection in cats from fiv infection. the respective vaccines consisted of fiv propagated in crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells (fiv-iscoms); fiv-iscoms spiked with recombinant vaccinia virus expressed fiv envelope glycoprotein incorporated into iscoms (fiv-iscoms + vgr657x15-iscoms) and vgr657x15-isco ... | 1998 | 9607028 |
| in vivo functions of the auxiliary genes and regulatory elements of feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a widespread lentivirus of domestic cats that causes an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-like disease similar to human aids caused by human immunodeficiency virus. fiv has a complex genome structure including structural, enzymatic and auxiliary genes and regulatory elements. in this article, we review the in vivo roles of some of these fiv auxiliary genes and regulatory elements, especially focusing on the dutpase, vif, and orf-a genes and ap-1 bin ... | 1998 | 9646446 |
| dna vaccination affords significant protection against feline immunodeficiency virus infection without inducing detectable antiviral antibodies. | to test the potential of a multigene dna vaccine against lentivirus infection, we generated a defective mutant provirus of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) with an in-frame deletion in pol (fivdeltart). in a first experiment, fivdeltart dna was administered intramuscularly to 10 animals, half of which also received feline gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) dna. the dna was administered in four 100-microg doses at 0, 10, and 23 weeks. immunization with fivdeltart elicited cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) resp ... | 1998 | 9696827 |
| vaccination with a feline immunodeficiency virus multiepitopic peptide induces cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in cats, but does not confer protection. | cats were immunized with a 46-residue multiepitopic synthetic peptide of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) comprising immunodominant epitopes present in the third variable domain of the envelope glycoprotein, transmembrane glycoprotein (tm), and p24 gag core protein, using quil a as an adjuvant. all vaccinated cats developed a humoral response which recognized the synthetic peptide immunogen and the intact viral core and envelope proteins. a fiv gag- and env-specific effector cytotoxic t-lymph ... | 1997 | 9311839 |
| analysis of the s3 and s3' subsite specificities of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) protease: development of a broad-based protease inhibitor efficacious against fiv, siv, and hiv in vitro and ex vivo. | the s3 and s3' subsite binding specificities of hiv and feline immunodeficiency virus proteases (fiv) proteases (prs) have been explored by using c2-symmetric competitive inhibitors. the inhibitors evaluated contained (1s, 2r, 3r, 4s)-1,4-diamino-1, 4-dibenzyl-2,3-diol as p1 and p1' units, val as p2 and p2' residues, and a variety of amino acids at the p3 and p3' positions. all inhibitors showed very high potency against hiv pr in vitro, and their ki values ranged between 1.1 and 2.6 nm. in cont ... | 1998 | 9448264 |
| alteration of t-cell subsets in the lymph nodes from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | alterations of t-cell subsets in the lymph nodes from fiv-infected cats in various clinical disease stages were examined histologically. in the early stage of infection (ap stage), follicular hyperplasia accompanied by expansion of the paracortical area was observed. follicular involution and depletion with reduced paracortical area was observed in the arc and aids stage nodes. the maximum section area of the entire popliteal lymph node was expanded significantly in the ap nodes. the paracortica ... | 1997 | 9342695 |
| antibodies to orthopoxvirus in domestic cats in norway. | the prevalence of antibodies to orthopoxvirus in 217 sera collected from domestic cats in the western part of norway was 10.1 per cent as measured by a competitive elisa. in one of the seropositive cats antibodies were also detected by an immunofluorescence assay. the average age of the cats sampled was 4.9 years, but the average age of the seropositive individuals was 7.3 years, higher than the average age of clinical cowpox virus cases in britain (4.2 years), and in germany (3.9 years). antibo ... | 1998 | 9725176 |
| at-risk individuals in feline immunodeficiency virus epidemiology: evidence from a multivariate approach in a natural population of domestic cats (felis catus). | prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection was measured during 6 consecutive years in a natural rural population of domestic cats. sex, age, weight, origin, group size and presence of antibodies to fiv were recorded for each sampled cat. logistic regressions were used to estimate the influence of the recorded parameters on infection. fiv prevalence rates are as high as 19.6% in the total population, and do not statistically change between years, after controlling for changes in ... | 1998 | 9747777 |
| neurovirulence in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected neonatal cats is viral strain specific and dependent on systemic immune suppression. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that causes immune suppression and neurological disease in cats. among animal viruses, individual viral strains have been shown to be neurovirulent, but the role of viral strain specificity among lentiviruses and its relationship to systemic immune suppression in the development of neurological disease remains uncertain. to determine the extent to which different fiv strains caused neurological disease, fiv v1csf and petaluma were compared in e ... | 1998 | 9765456 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of feline stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha and beta. | the stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha and beta (sdf-1 alpha/beta) are the ligands of fusin/cxcr4, the co-receptors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and the feline immunodeficiency virus. we cloned the cdna of feline sdf-1 alpha/beta. the open reading frames of feline sdf-1 alpha/beta were 267/279 base pairs and encoded 89/93 amino acid residues. | 1998 | 9777331 |
| characterization of the transcription map and rev activity of a highly cytopathic feline immunodeficiency virus. | a highly cytopathic feline immunodeficiency virus, fiv-oma, was previously isolated from a nondomestic cat. in this report, we describe experiments to characterize its transcription map and examine its rev activity. the temporal progression of viral gene expression is similar to that of hiv-1. the splicing pattern of viral transcripts was determined by sequence analysis of rt-pcr-amplified viral cdnas. in vitro transcription and translation of two putative rev cdnas revealed that they encode at ... | 1997 | 9325234 |
| maternal-fetal feline immunodeficiency virus transmission: timing and tissue tropisms. | the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) model of vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission was used to explore the timing and tissue tropisms associated with intrauterine lentivirus infection. cats chronically infected with fiv-b-2542 and their cesarean-derived fetuses and placentas were assayed by polymerase chain reaction and coculture at defined gestational intervals. prevalence of fetal fiv infection was 0 at 3 weeks, 5% at 5 weeks, 38% at 7 weeks, and 60% at 9 weeks (term). ... | 1998 | 9806022 |
| hepatozoon species infection in domestic cats: a retrospective study. | hepatozoon sp. is a protozoan parasite of peripheral blood neutrophils in cats. feline hepatozoonosis has been reported infrequently and little is known about the pathogenesis of this infection. in order to further clarify clinicopathological characteristics of hepatozoonosis in domestic cats, a retrospecitve study of hepatozoonosis in cats admitted during 1989-1995 to the hebrew university school of veterinary medicine was conducted. the study population comprised all the cats whose medical rec ... | 1998 | 9806492 |
| cytokine response in multiple lymphoid tissues during the primary phase of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | type 1 and 2 cytokine mrna responses were measured at various time periods and in various lymphoid compartments during the acute stage (first 4 months) of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in laboratory cats. cytokine responses were correlated with virus replication. virus was detected in plasma and tissue from day 14 postinfection (p.i.) onward, peaked at 56 to 70 days, and declined greatly by 70 days. virus replication was highest in the thymus, followed by spleen, mesenteric lymph ... | 1998 | 9811676 |
| efficacy evaluation of prime-boost protocol: canarypoxvirus-based feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccine and inactivated fiv-infected cell vaccine against heterologous fiv challenge in cats. | to evaluate the immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy of immunization schemes employing a recombinant canarypoxvirus ('alvac')-based feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccine alone or in combination with an inactivated fiv-infected cell vaccine against homologous and heterologous fiv challenges in cats. | 1998 | 9456250 |
| phylogeographic patterns of feline immunodeficiency virus genetic diversity in the domestic cat. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) has a worldwide distribution among feral and domesticated cats and in many cases induces immunodeficiency disease analogous to that of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome. fiv is genetically homologous to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in both genome organization and gene sequence and, like hiv, exhibits enormous sequence variation throughout the range of host species. we sampled 91 feral cats from six disparate locales and studied the phylogenetic r ... | 1998 | 9837787 |
| molecular cloning of feline cc-chemokine cdnas. | cdna clones of feline chemokines, mip-1alpha, mip-1beta and rantes, were molecularly isolated with the purpose of using these sequences for future investigation of the inhibitory effects on lentivirus entry and their role in immunological functions. the feline mip-1alpha and mip-1beta cdna clones spanned their entire coding regions encoding 93 and 92 amino acids, respectively. the amino acid sequences of feline mip-1alpha and mip-1beta compared to those of their human, mouse and rat counterparts ... | 1998 | 9839867 |
| effect of feline immunodeficiency virus on cytokine response to listeria monocytogenes in vivo. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that induces an acquired immunodeficiency in domestic cats. the objective of this study was to compare the immune response of chronically fiv-infected cats and specific pathogen free (spf) cats to listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterium. regional lymph nodes were removed at various times after subcutaneous inoculation with l. monocytogenes and evaluated. lymph nodes of chronically fiv-infected cats enlarged more slowly and ... | 1998 | 9839868 |
| female cats have lower rates of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes than male cats: correlation with estradiol-17beta, but not with progesterone blood levels. | during earlier study, we quantified by flow cytometry the rate of apoptotic feline lymphocytes after overnight culture. we found evidence that the sex of the animals influences the rate of apoptosis, intact females showed lower rates of apoptosis in lymphocytes cultured overnight than castrated male cats. this observation was also confirmed for cats that were previously experimentally infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). in an attempt to find an explanation for these sexually d ... | 1998 | 9839870 |
| cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis. | twenty-three cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (fip) were examined by light microscopy including immunohistology and histochemistry in order to determine the cellular composition and the expression of viral antigen in lesions in fip. furthermore, the presence of plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies was evaluated in situ. macrophages and neutrophils were demonstrated by an antibody against calprotectin (leukocyte protein l1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen), neutrop ... | 1998 | 9839877 |
| effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on astrocyte glutamate uptake: implications for lentivirus-induced central nervous system diseases. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus of domestic cats that causes a spectrum of diseases remarkably similar to aids in hiv-infected humans. as part of this spectrum, both hiv-1 and fiv induce neurologic disorders. because astrocytes are essential in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system, we analyzed fiv for the ability to infect feline astrocytes. through immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase activity, it was demonstrated that two molecular clones of fi ... | 1998 | 9482937 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection leads to increased incidence of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (forl). | feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (forl), previously known as 'neck lesions,' are commonly known in domestic, but also in non-domestic cats. they are characterized by odontoclastic resorptive processes, which take place at the dental root and at the periodontium. chronic inflammation of gingiva and periodontium is believed to be an important etiological factor in the development of forl. in this context, various feline viruses have been discussed to play a relevant role in the pathogenesis ... | 1998 | 9839881 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-associated lymphoma: a potential role for immune dysfunction in tumourigenesis. | to determine the potential role of immune dysfunction in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-associated lymphomagenesis, we present the results of immunological monitoring during the chronic phase of experimental fiv infection in two cats which subsequently developed lymphoma. in one cat, c1, cell-mediated immunity was depressed throughout the monitoring period but particularly from 125-200 weeks post-infection (pi), when this cat demonstrated profoundly impaired lymphocyte blastogenesis and mar ... | 1998 | 9839882 |
| epidemiology of feline foamy virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in domestic and feral cats: a seroepidemiological study. | although foamy viruses (spumaviruses) have repeatedly been isolated from both healthy and diseased cats, cattle, and primates, the primary mode of transmission of those common viruses remains undefined. a database of the feline foamy virus (fefv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibody status, age, and sex of 389 domestic cats presented to veterinarians was assembled. a similar database for 66 feral (wild) cats was also assembled. that fefv antibody status reflects infection was validat ... | 1999 | 10449463 |
| inhibition of apoptosis and virus replication in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cells by n-acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid. | infection of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) has been shown to induce apoptosis that might be associated with the lymphocyte depletion in the infected cats. to investigate the inhibitory effect of antioxidants on fiv-induced apoptosis, we examined the effect of n-acetylcysteine (nac) and ascorbic acid (aa) on apoptosis and virus replication in feline lymphoblastoid (fel-039) and fibroblastoid (crfk) cell lines infected with fiv. the treatment with nac or aa induced a significant inhibition o ... | 1998 | 9853298 |
| prevalence of igg and igm antibodies specific to toxoplasma gondii in cats. | igg and igm antibodies specific to toxoplasma gondii were determined simultaneously by ifat in cats. group 1 included 357 cats with various diagnoses, but negative for felv and fiv. specific igg antibodies in titres ranging from 10 to 2560 (mean 247) were detected in 61.3% animals, specific igm antibodies were found only in one cat (0.28%) in titre 1:40 showing an igg titre of 160. oocyst shedding was demonstrated in one cat (0.28%) showing an igg titre of 1:40. group 2 included 33 cats positive ... | 1998 | 9870370 |
| detection of feline immunodeficiency proviral sequences in lymphoid tissues and the central nervous system by in situ gene amplification. | the availability of sensitive methods for detecting and localising the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) may help shed light on its role in generating tissue damage observed during infection. as immunohistochemical and in situ hybridisation techniques might not be sufficiently sensitive for this type of study, we adapted to fiv pcr-in situ hybridisation (pcr-ish) that combine the extreme sensitivity of pcr with the precise localisation provided by ish. the steps important for the success of pc ... | 1998 | 9705182 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus is shed in semen from experimentally and naturally infected cats. | although a laboratory isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), fiv-ncsu1, has been transmitted by artificial insemination in domestic cats, transmission by naturally infected males during mating has not been reported. in order to determine whether virus shedding in semen is unique to the ncsu1 isolate, we analyzed electroejaculates from four specific-pathogen-free males infected with another laboratory strain, fiv-petaluma, and eight random source males with naturally acquired infections. ... | 1998 | 9718125 |
| neurotoxic effects of feline immunodeficiency virus, fiv-ppr. | fiv is a lentivirus of domestic cats that causes neurologic disorders which are remarkably similar to those found in hiv-1 infected people. using feline neuron cultures, we investigated the potential of both fiv virus and fiv-env protein to cause neuronal damage through the excitotoxicity mechanism. the neuron swelling and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) release assays were used as measures of cellular damage. the effects of fiv env protein on glutamate receptor mediated increases in intracellular c ... | 1998 | 9718133 |
| productive infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by feline immunodeficiency virus: implications for vector development. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus causing immune suppression and neurological disease in cats. like primate lentiviruses, fiv utilizes the chemokine receptor cxcr4 for infection. in addition, fiv gene expression has been demonstrated in immortalized human cell lines. to investigate the extent and mechanism by which fiv infected primary and immortalized human cell lines, we compared the infectivity of two fiv strains, v1csf and petaluma, after cell-free infection. fiv genome was ... | 1999 | 9971834 |
| shedding of feline immunodeficiency virus in semen of domestic cats during acute infection. | to examine shedding of cell-free and cell-associated feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in semen of domestic cats during acute infection. | 1999 | 10048554 |
| feline viruses in wildcats from scotland. | few data are available on the prevalence of feline viruses in european wildcats (felis silvestris). previous surveys have indicated that wildcats may be infected with the common viruses of domestic cats, apart from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). in the present study, 50 wildcats trapped throughout scotland (uk) between august 1992 and january 1997 were tested for evidence of viral infection. all were negative for fiv by several serological or virological methods. by contrast, 10% of the ca ... | 1999 | 10073361 |
| attempt to modify the immune response developed against fiv gp120 protein by preliminary fiv dna injection. | following inactivated virus vaccination trials, the surface glycoprotein gp120 (su) of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was considered as one of the determinants for protection. however, several vaccination trials using recombinant env protein or some env-derived peptides failed to induce protection. to study the influence of the environment in which the surface protein (su) is injected. we analyzed the impact of a nucleocapsid (nc) dna immunization on the presentation of the recsu protei ... | 1999 | 10073718 |
| primary central nervous system t-cell lymphoma in a cat. | a 5-year-old intact male persian cat was presented with progressive neurologic deficits, hyperesthesia, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and intention tremors, which resulted in death. serologic tests for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection were negative. neurohistologic examination revealed the presence of pleomorphic cellular infiltrates in cerebral leptomeninges and around parenchymal vessels. the majority of infiltrating cells were uniformly immunostained using an antiser ... | 1998 | 9823600 |
| bartonella spp infection as a possible cause of uveitis in a cat. | a 6-year-old castrated mixed-breed cat was evaluated because of unilateral anterior uveitis. the cat was seronegative for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, coronaviruses, and feline immunodeficiency virus, and antigens for felv p27 and cryptococcus neoformans. antibodies to bartonella spp were detected in serum and aqueous humor. the antibody coefficient (c value) for igg antibodies to bartonella spp in the aqueous humor was 4.42; values > 1 suggest ocular production of antibodies and supports a ... | 1999 | 10212684 |
| variable constraints on the principal immunodominant domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | lentiviruses have in their transmembrane glycoprotein (tm) a highly immunogenic structure referred to as the principal immunodominant domain (pid). the pid forms a loop of 5 to 7 amino acids between two conserved cysteines. previous studies showed that envelope (env) glycoprotein functions of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) could be retained after extensive mutation of the pid loop sequence, in spite of its high conservation. in order to compare env function in different lentiviruses, either ... | 1999 | 10364320 |
| genetic subtyping and epidemiological study of feline immunodeficiency virus by nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the gag gene. | genetic subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. a 329-base pair fragment in the fiv gag gene was amplified by nested pcr, then digested with restriction enzymes, hindiii, pvuii and bamhi. using these restriction enzymes, fiv isolates belonging to subtypes a, b and d, which had been classified on the basis of the env gene v3-v5 sequence, could be discriminated. genetic subtype ... | 1998 | 9506819 |
| bicyclams, selective antagonists of the human chemokine receptor cxcr4, potently inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus replication. | bicyclams are low-molecular-weight anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) agents that have been shown to act as potent and selective cxc chemokine receptor 4 (cxcr4) antagonists. here, we demonstrate that bicyclams are potent inhibitors of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) replication when evaluated in crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells. with a series of bicyclam derivatives, 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) against fiv were obtained in this cell system that were comparable to those obt ... | 1999 | 10400726 |
| in vivo monocyte tropism of pathogenic feline immunodeficiency viruses. | virus-infected monocytes rarely are detected in the bloodstreams of animals or people infected with immunodeficiency-inducing lentiviruses, yet tissue macrophages are thought to be a major reservoir of virus-infected cells in vivo. we have identified feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) clinical isolates that are pathogenic in cats and readily transmitted vertically. we report here that five of these fiv isolates are highly monocytotropic in vivo. however, while fiv-infected monocytes were numero ... | 1999 | 10400783 |
| results of chemotherapy for cats with alimentary malignant lymphoma: 21 cases (1993-1997) | to determine clinical and pathologic findings in cats with alimentary malignant lymphoma and results of treatment with a combination of prednisone, l-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate. | 1998 | 9787382 |
| neuron loss and axon reorganization in the dentate gyrus of cats infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus. | the pathophysiological bases of cognitive, motor, and behavioral abnormalities in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) remain largely unknown. to test the possibility that changes in hippocampal neuronal structure may contribute to these neurologic abnormalities, we examined the brains of cats infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), an animal model of hiv-1 infection. we evaluated the dentate gyrus by using timm's staining to estimate the extent of granu ... | 1999 | 10421868 |
| interspecies transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus from the domestic cat to the tsushima cat (felis bengalensis euptilura) in the wild. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was isolated from a wild-caught tsushima cat (felis bengalensis euptilura), an endangered japanese nondomestic subspecies of leopard cat (f. bengalensis). phylogenetic analysis of the env gene sequences indicated that the fiv from the tsushima cat belonged to a cluster of subtype d fivs from domestic cats. fivs from both the tsushima cat and the domestic cat showed similar levels of replication and cytopathicity in lymphoid cell lines derived from these two sp ... | 1999 | 10438892 |
| the feline immunodeficiency virus vif gene is required for productive infection of feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. | the role of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vif gene in establishing productive infection in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms) was examined in cell culture systems. a 375-bp deletion was introduced into the vif gene of the wild-type fiv-pppr infectious molecular clone to produce vif deletion mutant fiv-ppprdeltavif. this mutant fiv proviral construct expressed fiv proteins p24gag and gp100env in transfected crandell feline kidney ce ... | 1999 | 10441553 |
| mapping the specificity of an anti-feline immunodeficiency virus monoclonal antibody using a filamentous phage displayed peptide library. | recent developments in peptide technology enable the use of random peptide libraries for identifying linear amino acid sequences (mimotopes) which can mimic conformational epitopes without necessarily exhibiting amino acid sequence homology with the native linear sequence. in this study a 15-mer random peptide library displayed on the surface of a filamentous phage has been used to characterise the conformational epitopes recognised by a monoclonal antibody raised against the envelope protein gp ... | 1999 | 10506664 |
| investigation of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor type i in thymus regeneration in the acute stage of experimental fiv infection in juvenile cats. | thymus involvement and the development of thymic lesions in hiv-1 infection is hypothesized to suppress thymus function and limit t cell maturation and replenishment of the peripheral lymphoid pool. therapeutic modulation to protect or enhance thymus function may therefore ameliorate peripheral lymphocytopenia and retard disease progression. thymotrophic agents, such as insulin-like growth factor type i (igf-i), may therefore represent adjunctive but important methods of treatment to protect or ... | 1999 | 10515153 |
| envelope gene sequences encoding variable regions 3 and 4 are involved in macrophage tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus. | the envelope is of cardinal importance for the entry of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) into its host cells, which consist of cells of the immune system including macrophages. to characterize the envelope glycoprotein determinants involved in macrophage tropism, chimeric infectious molecular clones were constructed containing envelope gene sequences from isolates that had been propagated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). the progeny virus was examined for growth in pbmc and bone ... | 1999 | 10573157 |
| [cyclosporin a therapy in a cat with pure red cell aplasia]. | the case of a one year and 7 months old castrated male cat suffering from severe, non regenerative anaemia (packed cell volume: 8.6%; reticulocyte count: 1/1000) is presented. a combined elisa-test for feline leukaemia virus antigen and antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus was negative. using indirect coomb's test igm as well as the complement component c3b could be demonstrated on the erythrocytes. cytological investigation of the bone marrow revealed a selective, nearly complete ap ... | 1998 | 9880939 |
| pure red cell aplasia in cats: 9 cases (1989-1997). | to evaluate clinical features, laboratory test results, treatment, and outcome of felv-negative cats with pure red cell aplasia (prca) diagnosed by examination of bone marrow. | 1999 | 9887944 |
| analysis of the protective immunity induced by feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination. | | 1999 | 9890025 |
| comparison of inhibitor binding to feline and human immunodeficiency virus proteases: structure-based drug design and the resistance problem. | the design and synthesis of compounds targeted against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) protease have resulted in effective antiviral therapies. however, the rapid replication of the virus and the inherent mutability of the viral genome result in the outgrowth of resistant strains in the majority of patients. thus, there is a continuing need to develop new antiprotease compounds that may bind more effectively to the resistant forms of protease. this contribution examines the binding of a s ... | 1999 | 10380354 |