Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| adenosine deaminase activity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | adenosine deaminase (ada), an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, has been shown to be of clinical importance in several diseases in humans. to investigate whether ada is of any clinical significance in cats, plasma adenosine deaminase (p-ada) and t cell adenosine deaminase (t-ada) activities were measured in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) negative and positive cats. the aids-related complex (arc) group showed a significant elevation in p-ada activity compared to the asymptomatic carrier ... | 2007 | 17917371 |
| evaluation of two toxoplasma gondii serologic tests used in a serosurvey of domestic cats in california. | we evaluated the sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of an igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and igg indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for detection of toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in sera from 2 cat populations using a bayesian approach. accounting for test covariance, the se and sp of the igg elisa were estimated to be 92.6% and 96.5%, and those of the igg ifat were 81.0% and 93.8%, respectively. both tests performed poorly in cats experimentally coinfected with ... | 2007 | 17918359 |
| co-infection with different subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus can complicate subtype assignment by phylogenetic analysis. | phylogenetic analyses of the v3-v5 region of the env gene are used to determine feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) subtypes but can be complicated by co-infection with different subtypes or the presence of recombinant subtypes. fiv in blood samples from 30 domestic cats in new zealand was subtyped by sequencing three overlapping fragments of the v3-v5 region of the env gene and 467 bp of the gag gene. phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates clustered with subtype a and c viruses. seven ... | 2007 | 17516035 |
| feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in the pisa district of tuscany, and attempts to control felv infection in a colony of domestic cats by vaccination. | the seroprevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in 203 apparently healthy domestic cats living in the district of pisa, central italy, was 11.3 per cent, and the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus (felv) was 8.4 per cent. the prevalence of fiv depended significantly on the lifestyle and age of the cats; cats living outdoors were more likely to be fiv-positive than cats living indoors, and the proportion of fiv-positive cats increased with age. in contrast, there was no significant re ... | 2006 | 16632529 |
| cyclophilin a interacts with diverse lentiviral capsids. | the capsid (ca) protein of hiv-1 binds with high affinity to the host protein cyclophilin a (cypa). this binding positively affects some early stage of the viral life-cycle because prevention of binding either by drugs that occupy that active site of cyclophilin a, by mutation in hiv-1 ca, or rnai that knocks down intracellular cypa level diminishes viral infectivity. the closely related lentivirus, sivcpz also binds cypa, but it was thought that this interaction was limited to the hiv-1/sivcpz ... | 2006 | 17038183 |
| altered gag polyprotein cleavage specificity of feline immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus mutant proteases as demonstrated in a cell-based expression system. | we have used feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) protease (pr) as a mutational system to study the molecular basis of substrate-inhibitor specificity for lentivirus prs, with a focus on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) pr. our previous mutagenesis studies demonstrated that discrete substitutions in the active site of fiv pr with structurally equivalent residues of hiv-1 pr dramatically altered the specificity of the mutant prs in in vitro analyses. here, we have expanded these studies ... | 2006 | 16873240 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus subtype b in domestic cats in minas gerais, brazil. | 2006 | 17139547 | |
| compartmentalization and evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus between the central nervous system and periphery following intracerebroventricular or systemic inoculation. | the emergence of distinct neuropathogenic strains resulting from the adaptation and the unique evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the brain may contribute to the development of hiv-induced neurological diseases. in this study, the authors tracked early changes in virus evolution and compartmentalization between peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (cns) after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of animals with cell-free feline immun ... | 2006 | 16966221 |
| recent advances in hiv neuropathy. | to describe recent advances in hiv neuropathy. | 2006 | 16969153 |
| rna in situ hybridization for the detection of feline immunodeficiency virus in infected cells. | in the present study, we have applied a novel approach to generate specific digoxigenin- and biotin-labeled rna probes to detect feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) gag gene in the fiv-infected feline t-lymphoblastoid cell line (mya-1). this involved cloning of the fiv gag gene into a pcr script vector containing both t3 and t7 promoters, followed by amplification of the insert and the two promoter sequences, using specific primer sequences. the fiv rna probes were more sensitive than fiv dna pr ... | 2006 | 16771221 |
| t-lymphocyte profiles in fiv-infected wild lions and pumas reveal cd4 depletion. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) that causes feline aids in the domestic cat (felis catus). serological surveys indicate that at least 25 other species of cat possess antibodies that cross-react with domestic cat fiv. most infected nondomestic cat species are without major symptoms of disease. long-term studies of fiv genome variation and pathogenesis reveal patterns consistent with coadaptation of virus and host in free-ranging fi ... | 2006 | 16870846 |
| animal models used for the evaluation of antiretroviral therapies. | several animal models for the study of hiv/aids have been established and characterized and have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of hiv/aids as well as vaccine development. the purpose of this study was to review the literature and identify the animal models most frequently used for the evaluation of drugs, drug combinations, plant extracts and drug-plant combinations. four of these animal models were evaluated namely the siv model due to its similarities in pathogenesis of disease to ... | 2006 | 17073618 |
| feline lentivirus evolution in cross-species infection reveals extensive g-to-a mutation and selection on key residues in the viral polymerase. | factors that restrict a virus from establishing productive infection in a new host species are important to understand because cross-species transmission events are often associated with emergent viral diseases. to determine the evolutionary pressures on viruses in new host species, we evaluated the molecular evolution of a feline immunodeficiency virus derived from a wild cougar, puma concolor, during infection of domestic cats. analyses were based on the coding portion of genome sequences reco ... | 2006 | 16501082 |
| quantification of feline immunodeficiency virus (fivpco) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymph nodes and plasma of naturally infected cougars. | infection of domestic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) results in a fatal immunodeficiency disease, similar to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) in humans. elevated plasma viral loads in domestic cats are correlated to decreased survival time and disease progression. however, fiv is also maintained as an apathogenic infection in other members of the family felidae including cougars, puma concolour (fivpco). it is not known whether the lack of disease in cougars is a result of d ... | 2006 | 16528047 |
| differential utilization of cd134 as a functional receptor by diverse strains of feline immunodeficiency virus. | the feline homologue of cd134 (fcd134) is the primary binding receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), targeting the virus preferentially to activated cd4+ helper t cells. however, with disease progression, the cell tropism of fiv broadens such that b cells and monocytes/macrophages become significant reservoirs of proviral dna, suggesting that receptor utilization may alter with disease progression. we examined the receptor utilization of diverse strains of fiv and found that all strai ... | 2006 | 16537606 |
| development of antiviral fusion inhibitors: short modified peptides derived from the transmembrane glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a naturally occurring pathogen that causes an aids-like syndrome in domestic cats and is a valuable model system by which criteria for antiviral vaccines and drugs development can be tested. the cell-entry step of the lentivirus life cycle is regarded as a promising target for the development of new generation inhibitors. we have previously described potent in vitro anti-fiv activity associated with a synthetic octapeptide, termed c8 (ac-trp-glu-asp-trp-val ... | 2006 | 16566046 |
| in vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of the anti-hiv agent stampidine in dogs and feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. | the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of stampidine (stamp, dde-113, hi-113, n-[p-(4-bromophenyl)-2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-5'-thymidylyl]-l-alanine methyl ester, cas 217178-62-6) were studied in beagle dogs and feline immunodeficiency virus-infected domestic cats. therapeutic plasma concentrations of stamp 3-4 logs higher than its ic50 value can be achieved after its p.o. administration to dogs as well as cats at the 100 mg/kg nontoxic dose level. in accordance with its safety profile in rod ... | 2006 | 16570826 |
| platelet-bound antibodies detected by a flow cytometric assay in cats with thrombocytopenia. | in cats, primary or secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia have rarely been described or characterised. the objective of this study was to determine platelet-bound antibodies (pba) by a flow cytometric assay in both healthy and thrombocytopenic cats. direct pba testing was performed in 42 thrombocytopenic cats (platelet counts 6-179 x 10(9)/l, median 56 x 10(9)/l). of these 42 cats, 19 had positive pba test results, 17 of which were considered to have secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopen ... | 2006 | 16616569 |
| phylogenetic analysis of portuguese feline immunodeficiency virus sequences reveals high genetic diversity. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus responsible for an immunodeficiency like disease in domestic cats. based on the genetic diversity of the v3-v5 region of env gene fiv is divided in five phylogenetic subtypes (a, b, c, d and e) with a world-wide distribution. to understand the subtype diversity of fiv in portugal a serological survey was conducted during 1 year in the veterinary faculty hospital, lisbon, portugal to identify seropositive animals. two viral genomic regions were ... | 2006 | 16384661 |
| molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from domestic cats in australia. | to determine the prevalent subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) present in the domestic cat population of australia. | 2006 | 16629189 |
| lessons from the cat: development of vaccines against lentiviruses. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a natural infection of domestic cats, which produces a disease with many similarities to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in man. the virus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in pet cats worldwide. as such an effective vaccine is desirable both for its use in veterinary medicine and also as a model for the development of an hiv vaccine. a large number of candidate vaccines have been tested against feline immunodeficiency virus. the ... | 2006 | 16678276 |
| real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect a broad range of feline calicivirus isolates. | this report describes a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay with sybr green targeting the vp2 (orf 3) of feline caliciviruses. all of the 44 feline calicivirus isolates tested were detected, whereas neither feline herpesvirus, feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus nor other calicivirus like rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and a canine calicivirus isolate showed specific amplification products. the sensitivity of ... | 2006 | 16266755 |
| phylogenetic analysis to define feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes in 31 domestic cats in south africa. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a lentivirus, is an important pathogen of domestic cats around the world and has many similarities to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a characteristic of these lentiviruses is their extensive genetic diversity, which has been an obstacle in the development of successful vaccines. of the fiv genes, the envelope gene is the most variable and sequence differences in a portion of this gene have been used to define 5 fiv subtypes (a, b, c, d and e). in this st ... | 2006 | 17137049 |
| mediastinal lymphoma in a young turkish angora cat. | an 8-month old intact male turkish angora cat was referred to the veterinary medical teaching hospital (vmth), seoul national university, for an evaluation of anorexia and severe dyspnea. the thoracic radiographs revealed significant pleural effusion. a cytology evaluation of the pleural fluid strongly suggested a lymphoma containing variable sized lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures and prominent nucleoli. the feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus tests were negative. th ... | 2006 | 16645348 |
| chronic axillary wound repair in a cat with omentalisation and omocervical skin flap. | a mature, neutered male domestic cat was presented with a chronic axillary wound of unknown origin and at least three years' duration. the diagnostic investigation included screening tests for feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus, tissue culture and histological examination. no underlying aetiology or perpetuating cause could be identified. an omental flap was created, passed via a subcutaneous tunnel, and packed into the wound site after excision of all chronic granulation t ... | 2005 | 16245665 |
| restriction of feline immunodeficiency virus by ref1, lv1, and primate trim5alpha proteins. | the ref1 and lv1 postentry restrictions in human and monkey cells have been analyzed for lentiviruses in the primate and ungulate groups, but no data exist for the third (feline) group. we compared feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) to other restricted (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [hiv-1], equine infectious anemia virus [eiav]) and unrestricted (nb-tropic murine leukemia virus [nb-mlv]) retroviruses across wide ranges of viral inputs in cells from multiple primate and nonprimate species ... | 2005 | 16306589 |
| [evolution of lentiviruses and receptor specificity]. | lentiviruses consist of primate lentiviruses, ungulate lentiviruses and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the primate lentiviruses utilize cd4 and chemokine receptors as a primary receptor and coreceptors, respectively. recently we found that fiv utilizes cd134 and cxcr4 as a primary receptor and a coreceptor, respectively. fiv utilizes feline cd134 but not human cd134, whereas it can utilize both feline and human cxcr4. exceptionally an fiv laboratory strain can infect human cells via cxcr4 ... | 2005 | 16308527 |
| development and validation of puma (felis concolor) cytokine and lentivirus real-time pcr detection systems. | studies of immune correlates of disease outcome associate humoral immune response mediated by t-helper 2 cytokines (il-4, il-10) with more virulent disease relative to a cell-mediated response driven by t-helper 1 cytokines (il-2, ifn-gamma), particularly in viral and other intra-cellular infections. specifically, the kinetics of both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection are closely associated with type 1 versus type 2 cytokine profiles. puma (feli ... | 2005 | 15734541 |
| cryptococcus neoformans granuloma in the lung and spinal cord of a free-ranging cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). a clinical report and literature review. | a 6-year-old, male, wild-born, free-ranging cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) was evaluated for acute onset of progressive lameness in the right hind limb. survey radiographs were unrewarding and myelography indicated an intramedullary compressive mass at the l3-l4 region. a fine needle aspirate of the lesion indicated the presence of cryptococcus organisms. necropsy confirmed the presence of granulomas (cryptococcoma) in the lung and the spinal cord (meningomyelitis) caused by cryptococcus neoformans ... | 2005 | 16642721 |
| igg from acutely infected cats blocks mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | we have previously shown an absence of detectable systemic or local infection in cats exposed to an infectious (100 tcid(50)) feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) plasma inoculum via either the rectal or vaginal mucosa. in contrast, this same plasma inoculum was infectious via parenteral inoculation. moreover an equivalent dose of cell-free tissue culture-origin virus inoculum infected 100% of cats by either the rectal or vaginal exposure route. to evaluate this phenomena, we used a tissue cultur ... | 2005 | 15910995 |
| puma lentivirus is controlled in domestic cats after mucosal exposure in the absence of conventional indicators of immunity. | a high percentage of free-ranging pumas (felis concolor) are infected with feline lentiviruses (puma lentivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus pco [fiv-pco], referred to here as plv) without evidence of disease. plv establishes productive infection in domestic cats following parenteral exposure but, in contrast to domestic cat fiv, it does not cause t-cell dysregulation. here we report that cats exposed to plv oro-nasally became infected yet rapidly cleared peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbm ... | 2005 | 15708998 |
| seroprevalence and genomic divergence of circulating strains of feline immunodeficiency virus among felidae and hyaenidae species. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infects numerous wild and domestic feline species and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). species-specific strains of fiv have been described for domestic cat (felis catus), puma (puma concolor), lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus), and pallas' cat (otocolobus manul). here, we employ a three-antigen western blot screening (domestic cat, puma, and lion fiv antigens) and pcr analysis to sur ... | 2005 | 15956574 |
| toll-like receptor expression in feline lymphoid tissues. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that activate the innate immune system. while it is clear that tlrs are important in the immune response against pathogens, they may also be exploited by some pathogens. our objective is to determine whether feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection affects tlr expression or function thereby resulting in innate immune dysfunction. to this end, we cloned partial sequences for feline tlrs 1--3, 5--8, and devel ... | 2005 | 15963821 |
| feline lentiviruses demonstrate differences in receptor repertoire and envelope structural elements. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes fatal disease in domestic cats via t cell depletion-mediated immunodeficiency. pumas and lions are hosts for apparently apathogenic lentiviruses (plv, llv) distinct from fiv. we compared receptor use among these viruses by: (1) evaluating target cell susceptibility; (2) measuring viral replication following exposure to specific and non-specific receptor antagonists; and (3) comparing env sequence and structural motifs. most isolates of llv and plv produ ... | 2005 | 16120451 |
| hiv-1 p24 vaccine protects cats against feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | based on previous analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-specific cross-reactive antibodies to hiv-1 p24, cats vaccinated with hiv-1 p24 were evaluated for cross-reactive immunity to fiv. | 2005 | 16135898 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus plasma load reduction by a retroinverso octapeptide reproducing the trp-rich motif of the transmembrane glycoprotein. | the trp-rich motif (trpm) of the transmembrane glycoprotein (tm) of lentiviruses is an attractive domain on which to design new potential cell entry peptide inhibitors. we recently demonstrated that an octapeptide reproducing the trpm of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), designated c8, broadly inhibited this virus in vitro and that the retroinverso analogue of this peptide (ric8) was almost as inhibitory and exhibited features suggestive of a much increased stability. here, we demonstrated th ... | 2005 | 16152761 |
| antiviral activity in vitro of urtica dioica l., parietaria diffusa m. et k. and sambucus nigra l. | parietaria diffusa m. et k., urtica dioica l. (urticaceae) and sambucus nigra l. (caprifoliaceae) are plants usually used in popular medicine of central italy for treating numerous diseases, first of all herpes zoster. several plant products have been described as potential antiviral agents, with special attention being devoted to those having retroviruses as etiological agents, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), in which a retrovirus, the designated human immunodeficiency viru ... | 2005 | 15814267 |
| evaluation of feline immunodeficiency virus orf-a mutants as candidate attenuated vaccine. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) made defective in the accessory gene orf-a were previously shown to be greatly attenuated in its ability to replicate in lymphocytes but to grow normally or near normally in other cell types. here, we examined whether fiv thus mutated could protect specific pathogen-free cats against challenge with ex vivo fully virulent homologous virus. no reversion of the vaccinating infections to wild type orf-a was noted over 22 months of in vivo infection. following chal ... | 2005 | 15680433 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine issues. | 2005 | 15907039 | |
| the feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cat: a model for lentivirus-induced placental immunopathology and reproductive failure (mini-review). | pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is largely a result of transplacental transmission, and pregnancy perturbation is more frequent in hiv-infected women. dysregulation of placental immunology may occur during hiv infection, possibly facilitating hiv vertical transfer and miscarriage. the (fiv)-infected cat is a useful small-animal model for hiv pathogenesis because the viruses share common biological and clinical features. transplacental transmission is readily achieved exper ... | 2005 | 16135008 |
| serologic survey of domestic felids in the petén region of guatemala. | blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (felis domesticus) from the petén region of guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. in addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (leopardus wiedii). samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficienc ... | 2005 | 17315469 |
| toward a detailed characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific t cell immune responses and mediated immune disorders. | infection of domestic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is associated with the development of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the pathogenesis of fiv is not fully understood but it has been reported that the immune system is progressively impaired during disease progression. as a result, anti-fiv specific immune response will usually not clear the virus and the acute stage is followed by a chronic asymptomatic phase. the overall objective of this study was to characteri ... | 2005 | 15910988 |
| risk factors for feline coronavirus seropositivity in cats relinquished to a uk rescue charity. | two thousand, two hundred and seven cats from 14 shelters of a major uk cat charity were blood tested for feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies. data was collated on breed, sex, age, number of cats at original location, outdoor access, health status, and time spent in the shelter prior to sampling (range 0 to 4 years). some cats were also tested for feline leukaemia virus antigen, feline immunodeficiency virus, and toxoplasma gondii antibodies. the effect of these variables on fcov seropositivity ... | 2004 | 15123148 |
| susceptibility of feline immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase chimeras to non-nucleoside rt inhibitors. | to map the determinants of the lack of susceptibility of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) reverse transcriptase (rt) to anti human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) non-nucleoside rt inhibitors (nnrtis), a variety of chimeric hiv-1/fiv rts were constructed. the majority of chimeric rts had an affinity (km) for their natural substrates comparable with that of the wild-type hiv-1 and fiv rts, but their catalytic efficacy was decreased. whereas hiv-1 rt could be made entirely insensitive to ... | 2004 | 14722257 |
| infection with a proposed new subspecies of babesia canis, babesia canis subsp. presentii, in domestic cats. | parasitemia with a large babesia species was identified in two domestic cats from israel. one cat, also coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum," had profound icterus and anemia which resolved after therapy, whereas a second cat was an asymptomatic carrier. amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene, followed by phylogenetic analyses, indicated that infection was caused by babesia canis. however, the sequences of the internal transcribed and 5 ... | 2004 | 14715738 |
| prevalence of infectious diseases in feral cats in northern florida. | objectives of this study were to determine prevalence of infection in feral cats in northern florida with a select group of infectious organisms and to determine risk factors for infection. blood samples or sera from 553 cats were tested with a panel of antibody, antigen or pcr assays. male cats were at higher risk for fiv, mycoplasma haemofelis, and m. haemominutum. infection with either felv or fiv was associated with increased risk for coinfection with the other retrovirus, m. haemofelis, or ... | 2004 | 15363760 |
| sanitary conditions of a colony of urban feral cats (felis catus linnaeus, 1758) in a zoological garden of rio de janeiro, brazil. | the colony of urban stray cats living in the rio de janeiro zoological garden was studied in order to develop a population and health control program. as many cats as possible were captured during two months (47 animals) and were classified according to gender, age, weight and coat markings. they were submitted to a general health evaluation, examined for the presence of ectoparasites and sent to a surgical neutering program. all animals had a blood sample drawn for cbc, platelet count, heartwor ... | 2004 | 15517031 |
| b7+ctla4+ t cells engage in t-t cell interactions that mediate apoptosis: a model for lentivirus-induced t cell depletion. | apoptosis in lymph node (ln) t cells of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats is associated with cells co-expressing b7.1 and b7.2 costimulatory molecules, and their ligand ctla4. to study the possibility of b7.1/b7.2-ctla4 mediated t-t interactions and the predicted induction of t cell apoptosis in vitro, costimulatory molecules were up-regulated on cd4+ and cd8+ t cells by mitogen stimulation. b7.1 expression on in vitro stimulated cd4+ and cd8+ cells increased within 24h; b7.2 and ... | 2004 | 15010229 |
| reduced constitutive cytokine transcription in isolated monocytes of clinically healthy cats, infected with an fiv strain of low pathogenicity. | twenty-five barrier-maintained cats had been experimentally infected for 9.5 months with an fiv strain of low pathogenicity, fiv zurich 2. animals were clinically healthy and did not exhibit any haematological changes. fiv proviral dna was demonstrated in peripheral blood lymphocytes of all cats and in monocytes of most animals, identifying fiv zurich 2 as a both lympho- and monocytotropic strain. monocytes were isolated from fiv-infected cats as well as from age-matched uninfected control cats, ... | 2004 | 15010230 |
| patterns of feline immunodeficiency virus multiple infection and genome divergence in a free-ranging population of african lions. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that causes aids-like immunodeficiency disease in domestic cats. free-ranging lions, panthera leo, carry a chronic species-specific strain of fiv, fiv-ple, which so far has not been convincingly connected with immune pathology or mortality. fiv-ple, harboring the three distinct strains a, b, and c defined by pol gene sequence divergences, is endemic in the large outbred population of lions in the serengeti ecosystem in tanzania. here we describ ... | 2004 | 15016897 |
| gamma interferon/interleukin 10 balance in tissue lymphocytes correlates with down modulation of mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | understanding the early cytokine response to lentiviral infections may be critical to the design of prevention and treatment strategies. by using the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) model, we have documented an interleukin 10 (il10)-dominated response in lymphoid tissue cd4(+) and cd8(+) t lymphocytes within the first 4 weeks after mucosal fiv infection. this profile coincided with the period of high tissue viral replication. by 10 weeks postinfection, tissue viral levels decreased significa ... | 2004 | 15047817 |
| spontaneous t cell apoptosis in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats is inhibited by il2 and anti-b7.1 antibodies. | lymph node (ln) t cells from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats have an increased expression of b7 co-stimulatory molecules as well as their ligand ctla4, resembling an activation phenotype shown to induce anergy and apoptosis in activated t cells. in addition, ln t cells from fiv-infected cats also show increased spontaneous apoptosis compared to uninfected animals. the apoptosis observed in these animals occurs primarily in t cells expressing b7 and ctla4, suggesting a role for ... | 2004 | 15113651 |
| changes in the su can modulate the susceptibility of feline immunodeficiency virus to tm-derived entry inhibitors. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) provides a valuable animal model by which criteria for the development of hiv-1 inhibitors can be explored. previous studies had shown that a synthetic 8-mer peptide modeled on the tryptophan-rich motif of the ectodomain of the viral transmembrane glycoprotein (tm) is a potent inhibitor of fiv the observation that inhibition efficiency varied somewhat depending on fv strain prompted the present study in which we investigated whether changes in the surface (su) ... | 2004 | 15646068 |
| bold attitude makes male urban feral domestic cats more vulnerable to feline immunodeficiency virus. | individual differences in behaviour are a phenomenon that is more and more attracting the attention of scientists. among the other reasons, behavioural individuality occurs because selection favours the adoption of different tactics by individuals. it is now widely recognized that within many vertebrate species, individuals vary along an axis the extremes of which are represented by individuals 'bold' and 'shy', sometimes called 'proactive' and 'reactive'. here we present the case of feral domes ... | 2004 | 15652262 |
| cellular immune responses to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) induced by dual-subtype fiv vaccine. | vaccine-induced t cell responses to fiv were assessed by measuring fiv-specific cytokine and cytotoxic-effector molecule production. a total of 22 cats at 10-12 weeks of age received either dual-subtype fiv vaccine (n=12), uninfected cell lysate (n=5) consisting of cells used to produce vaccine viruses, or no immunization (n=5). significant increases in mrna and protein production of t-helper 1 (th1) cytokines (il-2, ifngamma), mrna production of a cytotoxic-effector molecule (perforin), and lym ... | 2004 | 15530685 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus: a concise review. | among non-primate vertebrates, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in the cat may be the closest model of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). clinical evolution and immunological and virological relationships between human hiv/aids and disease produced by fiv infection in cats are very close. these similarities should facilitate progress in the understanding of mechanisms of viral infection and immunopathology, and make this model ... | 2004 | 14766374 |
| specific interaction of feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein with human dc-sign. | dc-sign, a specific c-type lectin expressed on dendritic cells, binds and transmits multiple strains of primate immunodeficiency viruses to susceptible cells. here, we report that human dc-sign also captures feline immunodeficiency virus via high-affinity (1 nm), ca(2+)-dependent, d-mannose-inhibited binding to the major envelope glycoprotein, gp95. | 2004 | 14963164 |
| comparative neurovirulence in lentiviral infections: the roles of viral molecular diversity and select proteases. | all lentiviruses infect the brain, causing chronic neurological disease in their respective hosts. to examine the relationship(s) between lentivirus molecular diversity and the development of neurological disease, we examined in vitro and in vivo models of lentivirus neurovirulence using different recombinant viruses derived from human (hiv-1) and feline (fiv) immunodeficiency viruses. both in vitro and in vivo studies of fiv neurovirulence showed that the fiv envelope derived from a neurovirule ... | 2004 | 14982749 |
| structural mapping of cd134 residues critical for interaction with feline immunodeficiency virus. | cd134 is a primary binding receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and with cxcr4 facilitates infection of cd4(+) t cells. human cd134 fails to support fiv infection. to delineate the regions important for defining virus specificity of cd134, we exchanged domains between human and feline cd134. the binding site for fiv surface glycoprotein (su) is located in domain 1, in a region distinct from the natural ligand (cd134l)-binding site. mutagenesis showed that asp60 and asp62 are require ... | 2004 | 15592478 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| antiretroviral spermicide whi-07 prevents vaginal and rectal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats. | whi-07 [5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-3'-azidothymidine-5'-(p-bromophenyl)-methoxy alaninyl phosphate] is a novel dual-function aryl phosphate derivative of zidovudine with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and spermicidal activities. whi-07 was active against the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). this study evaluated whether topical application of whi-07 as a single agent and in combination with an organometallic vanadium complex, vanadocene dithiocarbamate (vddtc), via a nontox ... | 2004 | 15047505 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus diagnosis after vaccination. | prior to the widespread use of vaccination for the control of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection, diagnosis was made by the detection of antibodies against fiv. a number of commercial animal side tests perform quite well for this determination, with positive predictive values between 91 and 100% and negative predictive values between 96 and 100%. furthermore, results of these tests could be confirmed by western blot analysis of fiv test-positive sera. currently, a killed whole virus f ... | 2004 | 15984349 |
| factors that increase the effective concentration of cxcr4 dictate feline immunodeficiency virus tropism and kinetics of replication. | the surface glycoprotein (gp95) of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) binds in a strain-specific manner to several cell surface molecules, including cxcr4, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs), dc-sign, and a 43-kda cell surface receptor on t cells recently identified as cd134 by m. shimojima et al. (science 303:1192-1195, 2004). cxcr4 is the entry receptor in all known cases, and the other molecules act as binding receptors to help facilitate infection. in this report, we confirm and exte ... | 2004 | 15308709 |
| the critical role of proximal gag sequences in feline immunodeficiency virus genome encapsidation. | retroviral rna encapsidation is mediated by specific interactions between viral gag proteins and cis-acting packaging sequences in genomic rna. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) rna encapsidation determinants have been shown to be discrete and noncontinuous, comprising one region at the 5' end of the genomic mrna (r-u5) and another region that mapped within the proximal 311 nt of gag. to aid comparative understanding of lentiviral encapsidation and refinement of fiv vector systems, we used rna ... | 2004 | 15327902 |
| an update on aspects of viral gastrointestinal diseases of dogs and cats. | viruses commonly cause gastrointestinal illnesses in dogs and cats that range in severity from mild diarrhoea to malignant neoplasia. perpetual evolution of viruses is reflected in changing disease patterns, so that familiar viruses are sometimes discovered to cause new or unexpected diseases. for example, canine parvovirus (cpv) has regained the ability to infect felids and cause a panleucopenia-like illness. feline panleucopenia virus (fpv) has been shown to cause fading in young kittens and h ... | 2003 | 16032339 |
| escalating morphine exposures followed by withdrawal in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats: a model for hiv infection in chronic opiate abusers. | opiate abuse is a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. because the direct effects of opiates on hiv infection are difficult to determine epidemiologically, animal models of lentivirus infection are relied upon to study the effects of opiates in the absence of confounding factors. morphine, the predominant metabolite of heroin, is used in most experimental systems examining heroin abuse. in this study, morphine treatment of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cat ... | 2003 | 14636969 |
| behavioral plasticity and virus propagation: the fiv-cat population example. | a new theoretical approach is proposed to investigate the effect of intra-individual variability in behavior on the spread of directly transmitted diseases within host populations. the classical hawk-dove game is used to describe interactions between individuals on a fast time scale (the day). individuals may exhibit both tactics according to their own experience, to environment conditions, and to the opponent. they are not able to recognize the epidemiological state of their opponents. this fas ... | 2003 | 12804868 |
| dynamics of viral and proviral loads of feline immunodeficiency virus within the feline central nervous system during the acute phase following intravenous infection. | animal models of human immunodeficiency virus 1, such as feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), provide the opportunities to dissect the mechanisms of early interactions of the virus with the central nervous system (cns). the aims of the present study were to evaluate viral loads within cns, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), ocular fluid, and the plasma of cats in the first 23 weeks after intravenous inoculation with fiv(gl8). proviral loads were also determined within peripheral blood mononuclear cells ... | 2003 | 12805447 |
| a serologic survey of wild felids from central west saudi arabia. | forty-five wildcats (felis silvestris), 17 sand cats (felis margarita), and 17 feral domestic cats were captured in central west saudi arabia, between may 1998 and april 2000, with the aim to assess their exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus/puma lentivirus (fiv/plv), feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline herpesvirus (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline coronavirus (fcov), and feline panleukopenia virus (fplv). serologic prevalence in wildcats, sand cats, and feral domestic cats were r ... | 2003 | 14567233 |
| immunodeficiency associated with multiple concurrent infections in captive pallas' cats (otocolobus manul). | five neonatal pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) at the oklahoma city zoo died from toxoplasmosis with concurrent herpesvirus infection. these multiple infections suggested underlying immunodeficiency, perhaps caused by concurrent infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv); so blood samples were collected for serology, serum protein electrophoresis, lymphocyte proliferation assays, and cytokine analysis by reverse transcriptase-quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (rt-qcpcr). ... | 2003 | 14582784 |
| sequences within the gag gene of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are important for efficient rna encapsidation. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-based retroviral vector systems are being developed for human gene therapy. consequently, it has become important to know the precise sequence requirements for the packaging of fiv genome so that such sequences can be eliminated from transfer vectors post-transduction for improved safety. recently, we have shown that sequences both within the 5'-untranslated leader region (utr) and the 5'-end of gag are required for efficient packaging and transduction of fiv- ... | 2003 | 12782368 |
| evaluation of t lymphocytes in captive african lions (panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | to determine whether fiv infection in captive african lions is associated with changes in immune cell variables similar to those detected in domestic cats infected with fiv. | 2003 | 14596469 |
| prevalence and risk factors for heartworm infection in cats from northern florida. | necropsies were performed on 630 adult cats in northern florida to determine the prevalence and risk factors for heartworm infection in cats of this region. heartworms were identified in 4.9% of cats, and serological evidence of heartworm exposure was present in 17% of cats. not all cats from which heartworms were recovered were seropositive for heartworm antigen or antibody. there was no association between heartworm infection and co-infection with feline leukemia virus (felv) or feline immunod ... | 2003 | 14736717 |
| a highly efficient gene delivery system derived from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). | 2003 | 12526177 | |
| expression of cxcr4 on feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells: effect of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | cxcr4 expression on feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was analyzed. while monocytes and b lymphocytes expressed cxcr4, no cxcr4 was detected on t lymphocytes, in stark contrast to the expression pattern on t lymphocytes from humans. in spite of the important role that cxcr4 plays in infection with feline immunodeficiency virus, expression on pbmc in vivo was unaffected by infection with either a primary or a cell culture-adapted virus strain. | 2003 | 12477874 |
| quantitative analysis of fas and fas ligand mrnas in a feline t-lymphoid cell line after infection with feline immunodeficiency virus and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from cats infected with the virus. | apoptosis is frequently observed in feline lymphocytes in association with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection. in this study, to investigate the mechanism of fiv-induced apoptosis, levels of fas and fas ligand mrnas were measured by real-time reverse transcription-pcr. in a feline t-lymphoid cell line the amounts of fas ligand mrna increased along with the induction of apoptosis after in vitro infection with fiv. in pbmc collected from 10 cats naturally infected with fiv, fas ligand m ... | 2003 | 12814697 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, fiv and felv infections in domestic cats in japan. | seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections was investigated in 1,447 domestic cats derived from the north (hokkaido) to the south (okinawa) prefectures in japan. of the cats investigated, 8.8% (128/1,447) were seropositive to b. henselae, 5.4% (78/1,447) to t. gondii, 9.8% (107/1,088) to fiv, and 2.9% (32/1,088) to felv, respectively. for b. henselae infection, the positive rate varied from 11.5% in ca ... | 2003 | 12680718 |
| manufacturer addresses concerns about fiv vaccine. | 2003 | 12555972 | |
| phylogenetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus in central europe: a prerequisite for vaccination and molecular diagnostics. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a worldwide-occurring lentivirus that severely impairs the immune function of infected domestic cats. due to structural and biological similarities, fiv represents a promising model for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and aids. a major obstacle in developing vaccines against lentiviruses is their high mutation rate. furthermore, mutations in target sequences provide a pitfall for molecular diagnostics. it is therefore important to determine the genetic d ... | 2003 | 12692297 |
| serosurvey for feline leukemia virus and lentiviruses in captive small neotropic felids in são paulo state, brazil. | feline leukemia virus (felv), gammaretrovirus, and feline immunodeficiency virus, a lentivirus, are members of the family retroviridae, and may establish persistent infections in the domestic cat (felis catus). cytoproliferative and cytosuppressive disorders may result from infection with these viruses. morbidity and mortality rates are high in domestic cats worldwide. infection of endangered neotropic small felids with these viruses could be devastating. to investigate the prevalence of felv an ... | 2003 | 12723802 |
| antiviral activity and conformational features of an octapeptide derived from the membrane-proximal ectodomain of the feline immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) provides a valuable animal model by which criteria for lentivirus control strategies can be tested. previous studies have shown that a 20-mer synthetic peptide of the membrane-proximal ectodomain of fiv transmembrane glycoprotein, designated peptide 59, potently inhibited the growth of tissue culture-adapted fiv in feline fibroblastoid crfk cells. in the present report we describe the potential of this peptide to inhibit the replication of primary fiv isolates ... | 2003 | 12610147 |
| 2001 report of the american association of feline practitioners and academy of feline medicine advisory panel on feline retrovirus testing and management. | 2003 | 12613492 | |
| structural basis for distinctions between substrate and inhibitor specificities for feline immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus proteases. | we used feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) protease (pr) as a mutational framework to define determinants for the observed substrate and inhibitor specificity distinctions between fiv and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prs. multiple-substitution mutants were constructed by replacing the residues in and around the active site of fiv pr with the structurally equivalent residues of hiv-1 pr. mutants included combinations of three critical regions (fiv numbering, with equivalent hiv numbering i ... | 2003 | 12767979 |
| identifying fiv vaccinates. | 2003 | 12675285 | |
| phenotypic changes in cd8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | it is well documented that several cell surface molecules of t lymphocytes are altered by immune activation. we previously reported that feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection induces a reduction in cd8beta chain expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) in cats. in this study, we performed three-color flow-cytometric analysis for activation-associated cell surface molecules (cd2, cd11a, cd45ra-like and major histocompatibility complex antigen class ii (mhc ii)) and light scatters ... | 2003 | 14623012 |
| aids vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: protection from an intraclade challenge administered systemically or mucosally by an attenuated vaccine. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection of domestic cats represents a valuable system through which to investigate criteria for antilentiviral vaccines in a natural host species. here, we examined whether vaccination with a strain of fiv attenuated as a result of prolonged growth in vitro could protect against a fully virulent, highly heterologous intraclade challenge. the results indicated that the vaccine virus produced a low-grade infection with no detectable pathological effects and af ... | 2003 | 14512524 |
| fiv vectors. | 2003 | 12824636 | |
| hiv-1 viral load determination based on reverse transcriptase activity recovered from human plasma. | we describe a procedure (exavir load) to carry out human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) viral load testing using reverse transcriptase (rt) recovered from hiv-1 virions in plasma. samples from individuals infected with hiv-1 were treated with a sulphydryl-reactive agent to inactivate endogenous polymerases. virions were then immobilised on a gel and washed in individual mini columns to remove rt-inhibiting antibodies, antiviral drugs, and other rt inhibitors. immobilised virions were lysed fin ... | 2003 | 12966539 |
| domestic cats infected with lion or puma lentivirus develop anti-feline immunodeficiency virus immune responses. | attenuated live viral strains have afforded significant protection against virus challenge in hiv vaccine models. although both cellular and humoral immunity are assumed to be vital for protection, specific parameters consistently associated with control of infection have been elusive. our previous studies have shown that lentiviruses from 2 nondomestic feline species--lion (pathera leo) and puma (felis concolor)--persistently but nonpathogenetically infect domestic cats (felis domestica). moreo ... | 2003 | 14501789 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats from barcelona, spain. | cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. antibodies to t. gondii were determined in serum samples from 220 domestic cats (felis catus) from barcelona, spain, using the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii were found in 99 (45%) of 220 cats, with mat titers of 1:25 in 26, 1:50 in 57, and > or = 1:500 in 16 cats. seropositivity (mat 1:25 or more) was significan ... | 2003 | 14627161 |
| detection of feline immunodeficiency virus rna by two nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) formats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is an aids-inducing lentivirus that infects domestic cats worldwide. because of its clinicopathologic similarities to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, the fiv/cat infection system is a valuable animal model for investigating comparative aspects of hiv-1 biology. an assay that detects quickly and efficiently fiv rna in relatively small volume samples of feline blood or other body fluids would be of benefit in studies of viral transmission ... | 2002 | 11906728 |
| addictive drug increases hiv replication and mutation. | 2002 | 12150837 | |
| deluge of questions prompts aafp to develop fiv vaccine brief. american association of feline practitioners. | 2002 | 12418682 | |
| cd8+ t cells from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infected cats suppress exogenous fiv replication of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolates from domestic cats have been classified into five subtypes, designated a, b, c, d and e. although many fiv-infected cats may have frequent contact with multiple strains of fiv, they usually become infected with a single fiv subtype. in the present study, we demonstrate that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of fiv infected cats were resistant to exogenous fiv (second virus) replication in vitro and that the resistance of these pbmc was mediate ... | 2002 | 12181672 |
| retrospective study of 46 cases of feline haemobartonellosis in israel and their relationships with felv and fiv infections. | forty-six cats with clinical haemobartonellosis were studied; 75 per cent of the cats of known age were two-and-a-half years old or younger, 50 per cent were intact males and 19.5 per cent were castrated males. the predominant signs of the disease were tachypnoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, infestation with fleas, pale mucous membranes, icterus, emaciation, dehydration, splenomegaly, anaemia, leucocytosis, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and ... | 2002 | 12164225 |
| combined effect of zidovudine (zdv), lamivudine (3tc) and abacavir (abc) antiretroviral therapy in suppressing in vitro fiv replication. | in view of close similarities at the molecular and clinical levels, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection of the domestic cat is subject of increasing attention as an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. a range of reverse transcriptase inhibitors effective against hiv are also active against fiv, allowing successful use of the cat model to investigate drug interactions and resistance development. nevertheless, while combined nucleoside analog and protease inhib ... | 2002 | 11684314 |
| nonpathogenic lion and puma lentiviruses impart resistance to superinfection by virulent feline immunodeficiency virus. | lion lentivirus (llv) and puma lentivirus (plv) exist as highly divergent virus clades among populations of indigenously infected nondomestic felidae. the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is highly divergent from llv and plv and is pathogenic for domestic cats. when domestic cats are infected with llv or plv, they have immunologically and clinically silent persistent infections. we examined whether llv or plv infection might impart resistance to fiv superinfection in vitro by infecting domest ... | 2002 | 11782584 |
| expression of chemokine receptors in the feline reproductive tract and large intestine. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that causes feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. infection can be transmitted experimentally via the vagina and rectum, making the cat a useful model for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. some strains of fiv use the cxcr4 chemokine receptor in vitro to gain entry to feline cell lines, thymocytes and peripheral blood leucocytes (pbls). in this study, the tissue expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) encoding the ccr3, ... | 2002 | 12056777 |
| kinetics of early fiv infection in cats exposed via the vaginal versus intravenous route. | to determine the influence of route of virus exposure on early pathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection, cats were exposed to either of two fiv isolates (fiv-b-2542 or fiv-a-ppr) by vaginal or intravenous (iv) inoculation. exposure to either virus clade by either route of inoculation resulted in vaginal and systemic infection. peak plasma viremia and tissue proviral burden were 1-3 log(10) greater in cats infected with fiv-b-2542 vs. fiv-a-ppr, irrespective of inoculation ro ... | 2002 | 11839157 |