Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
molecular detection of hepatozoon spp. and cytauxzoon sp. in domestic and stray cats from madrid, spain.different species of apicomplexan protozoans of the genera hepatozoon and cytauxzoon can infect domestic cats, but their epidemiology and clinical relevance are not fully understood. the aim of this study was to assess the molecular prevalence of hepatozoon spp. and cytauxzoon spp. and to identify associated risk factors and clinical and laboratory abnormalities in a population of cats from madrid, spain.201728285590
feline immunodeficiency virus evolutionarily acquires two proteins, vif and protease, capable of antagonizing feline apobec3.the interplay between viral and host proteins has been well studied to elucidate virus-host interactions and their relevance to virulence. mammalian genes encode apolipoprotein b mrna-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (apobec3) proteins, which act as intrinsic restriction factors against lentiviruses. to overcome apobec3-mediated anti-viral actions, lentiviruses have evolutionarily acquired an accessory protein, viral infectivity factor (vif), and vif degrades host apobec3 proteins via ...201728331087
first molecular characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats from mainland china.the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a retrovirus of the lentivirus genus that was initially isolated from a colony of domestic cats in california in 1986 and has now been recognized as a common feline pathogen worldwide. to date, there is only one recent serology-based report on fiv in mainland china which was published in 2016. we designed this study to investigate the molecular prevalence and diversity of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in domestic cats from mainland china. we studi ...201728107367
sexually transmitted infections and mate-finding allee effects.infectious diseases can seriously impact dynamics of their host species. in this study, we model and analyze an interaction between a sexually transmitted infection and its animal host population affected by a mate-finding allee effect. since mating drives both host reproduction and infection transmission, the allee effect shapes the transmission rate of the infection which we show takes a saturating form. our model combining sexually transmitted infections with the mate-finding allee effect in ...201728039030
lungworm eucoleus aerophilus (capillaria aerophila) infection in a feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat in france.a 2-year-old domestic shorthair female outdoor cat living in france was diagnosed with a lungworm infection due to eucoleus aerophilus. the history and clinical signs, in association with bronchoscopic examination, suggested chronic upper respiratory disease. cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) was consistent with suppurative bronchitis. direct microscopic examination of balf enabled the identification of e aerophilus ova.201728491425
host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...201728636590
molecular detection of viral agents in free-ranging and captive neotropical felids in brazil.we describe molecular testing for felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cppv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), alphacoronavirus 1 (feline coronavirus [fcov]), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) in whole blood samples of 109 free-ranging and 68 captive neotropical felids from brazil. samples from 2 jaguars ( panthera onca) and 1 oncilla ( leopardus tigrinus) were positive for fhv-1; 2 jaguars, 1 puma ( puma conc ...201728677421
prevalence and risk factors for cats testing positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus infection in cats entering an animal shelter in new zealand.aims to estimate the prevalence of cats testing positive for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukaemia virus (felv) antigens in domestic cats entering a new zealand animal shelter, based on a commercial point-of-care elisa, to identify risk factors associated with cats testing positive, and to compare the results obtained from the elisa with those obtained using pcr-based testing. method a cross-sectional study was performed on 388 cats entering the royal new zealand ...201728659065
successful treatment of multifocal pedal prototheca wickerhamii infection in a feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat with multiple bowenoid in situ carcinomas containing papillomaviral dna sequences.a 16-year-old, castrated male, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-positive, domestic shorthair cat developed multiple skin lesions. most of these were bowenoid carcinoma in situ and contained dna sequences consistent with felis catus papillomavirus type 2. two additional lesions that developed in the skin and subcutaneous tissues between the digital and carpal pads on the left forelimb and right hindlimb were shown by cytology, histology and culture to be caused by prototheca wickerhamii. these ...201728491447
successful treatment of feline leishmaniosis using a combination of allopurinol and n-methyl-glucamine antimoniate.this work describes the diagnosis and successful treatment of a 2-year-old domestic cat infected with leishmania species and presenting fever, and ulcerative and nodular skin lesions after being treated for pyodermatitis for 1 year without clinical improvement. after anamnesis the cat was submitted to a complete clinical examination. blood was collected for determination of haematological and biochemical parameters, detection of feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), ...201728491411
molecular epidemiological study of gammaherpesvirus in domestic cats in japan.gammaherpesviruses (ghvs) are members of an emerging subfamily of the family herpesviridae. a recent study identified a novel ghv in domestic cats (felis catus ghv1, fcaghv1), and epidemiological surveys have found that fcaghv1 is distributed worldwide. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of ghvs in domestic cats in japan with a molecular epidemiological survey. blood samples were collected from 1,738 domestic cats and ghv-derived dna was detected with pcr in 1.3% (23/1,738) of the jap ...201728855428
pathogen exposure varies widely among sympatric populations of wild and domestic felids across the united states.understanding how landscape, host, and pathogen traits contribute to disease exposure requires systematic evaluations of pathogens within and among host species and geographic regions. the relative importance of these attributes is critical for management of wildlife and mitigating domestic animal and human disease, particularly given rapid ecological changes, such as urbanization. we screened > 1000 samples from sympatric populations of puma (puma concolor), bobcat (lynx rufus), and domestic ca ...201627209780
clinical findings and survival in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.the clinical course and outcome of natural feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection are variable and incompletely understood. assigning clinical relevance to fiv infection in individual cats represents a considerable clinical challenge.201623734699
suspected myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat.a 10-year-old castrated domestic short-haired cat was presented to a primary care veterinarian for a wellness examination and laboratory examination for monitoring of diabetes mellitus. the cbc revealed marked thrombocytosis, leukopenia and macrocytic, normochromic anemia. the cat tested negative for felv and feline immunodeficiency virus, but was positive for mycoplasma haemominutum by pcr. hematologic abnormalities were not responsive to therapy, so a repeat cbc and a bone marrow aspiration fo ...201627870069
viral diagnostic criteria for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in domestic cats from buenos aires, argentina.a cross-sectional study was carried out on cats attending the small animal hospital at the faculty of veterinary sciences of the university of buenos aires to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) in the city of buenos aires, argentina. blood samples from 255 cats with symptoms compatible with fiv or felv infection, collected between 2009 and 2013 were analyzed by serology (immunochromatography, ia) and by hemi-n ...201627825735
feline immunodeficiency virus vif n-terminal residues selectively counteract feline apobec3s.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vif protein counteracts feline apobec3s (fcaa3s) restriction factors by inducing their proteasomal degradation. the functional domains in fiv vif for interaction with fcaa3s are poorly understood. here, we have identified several motifs in fiv vif that are important for selective degradation of different fcaa3s. cats (felis catus) express three types of a3s: single-domain a3z2, single-domain a3z3, and double-domain a3z2z3. we proposed that fiv vif would select ...201627630243
detection of felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1) in peripheral blood b- and t-lymphocytes in asymptomatic, naturally-infected domestic cats.the domestic cat is natural host to both feline immunodeficiency virus and felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1). comparative data suggest that these agents might act as synergistic copathogens in feline aids-related lymphoma. to identify leucocyte subsets harbouring gammaherpesvirus dna, whole blood from 5 healthy, fcaghv1-infected cats was labelled with monoclonal antibodies to feline cd21, cd4, cd8 and cd14 for 4-way fluorescence-activated cell sorting. fcaghv1gb qpcr was performed on dna ...201627497183
determinants of fiv and hiv vif sensitivity of feline apobec3 restriction factors.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a global pathogen of felidae species and a model system for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-induced aids. in felids such as the domestic cat (felis catus), apobec3 (a3) genes encode for single-domain a3z2s, a3z3 and double-domain a3z2z3 anti-viral cytidine deaminases. the feline a3z2z3 is expressed following read-through transcription and alternative splicing, introducing a previously untranslated exon in frame, encoding a domain insertion called linker. ...201627368163
phylogenetic characterisation of feline immunodeficiency virus in naturally infected cats in croatia indicates additional heterogeneity of subtype b in europe.this study was performed on 29 domestic cats with a variety of clinical signs, possibly related to fiv infection. blood samples were tested by a rapid immunochromatographic (ica) procedure for detection of fiv antibodies. subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed to amplify a portion of the proviral gag gene. all 11 positive pcr products were sequenced and compared with previously reported fiv sequences. croatian proviral isolates that could be amplified were clustered within s ...201627318929
role of feline immunodeficiency virus in lymphomagenesis--going alone or colluding?feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a naturally occurring lentivirus of domestic and nondomestic feline species. infection in domestic cats leads to immune dysfunction via mechanisms similar to those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and, as such, is a valuable natural animal model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in humans. an association between fiv and an increased incidence of neoplasia has long been recognized, with frequencies of up to 20% in fiv-positive cats re ...201627034392
evaluation of biochemical and haematological parameters and prevalence of selected pathogens in feral cats from urban and rural habitats in south korea.in this study, we evaluated the potential association between the habitat types of feral cats and the prevalence of selected infectious pathogens and health status based on a set of blood parameters.201626018551
follow-up on long-term antiretroviral therapy for cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that induces aids-like disease in cats. some of the antiretroviral drugs available to treat patients with hiv type 1 are used to treat fiv-infected cats; however, antiretroviral therapy (art) is not used in cats as a long-term treatment. in this study, the effects of long-term art were evaluated in domestic cats treated initially with the nucleoside transcriptase reverse inhibitor (ntri) zidovudine (azt) over a period ranging from 5-6 years, fo ...201625855689
toxoplasma gondii, dirofilaria immitis, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections in stray and pet cats (felis catus) in northwest china: co-infections and risk factors.this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii, dirofilaria immitis, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections among stray and pet cats in lanzhou, northwest china, and to identify the influence of age, gender, and regions on seropositivity. t. gondii antibodies were examined in cat sera by the modified agglutination test (mat). the circulating antigens of d. immitis and felv and specific antibodies to fiv were examined using kits ...201626362646
detection of leishmania major and leishmania tropica in domestic cats in the ege region of turkey.leishmaniosis is a group of diseases caused by different species of leishmania parasites in mammalian species. the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of leishmania spp. dna in cats using real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays targeting internal transcribed spacer (its1) and heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70) regions with leishmania species-specific primers and probes. blood samples were collected from 147 cats (73 female; 74 male) in the endemic regions for zoo ...201526277567
a naturally occurring domestic cat apobec3 variant confers resistance to feline immunodeficiency virus infection.apolipoprotein b mrna-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (apobec3; a3) dna cytosine deaminases can be incorporated into progeny virions and inhibit lentiviral replication. on the other hand, viral infectivity factor (vif) of lentiviruses antagonizes a3-mediated antiviral activities by degrading a3 proteins. it is known that domestic cat (felis catus) apobec3z3 (a3z3), the ortholog of human apobec3h, potently suppresses the infectivity of vif-defective feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) ...201526491161
prevalence and risk factors of gammaherpesvirus infection in domestic cats in central europe.gammaherpesviruses (ghvs) are a large group of dsdna viruses that can infect humans and several animal species. the two human ghvs, epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are known for their oncogenic properties in individuals with immunodeficiency. recently, the first feline ghv, felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1) was discovered and frequently found in domestic cats in australia, singapore and the usa. fcaghv1 is more likely to be detected in cats co-infected with ...201526377918
neutralising antibody response in domestic cats immunised with a commercial feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccine.across human and veterinary medicine, vaccines against only two retroviral infections have been brought to market successfully, the vaccines against feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). felv vaccines have been a global success story, reducing virus prevalence in countries where uptake is high. in contrast, the more recent fiv vaccine was introduced in 2002 and the degree of protection afforded in the field remains to be established. however, given the similariti ...201525613718
rapid evolution of the env gene leader sequence in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.analysing the evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) at the intra-host level is important in order to address whether the diversity and composition of viral quasispecies affect disease progression. we examined the intra-host diversity and the evolutionary rates of the entire env and structural fragments of the env sequences obtained from sequential blood samples in 43 naturally infected domestic cats that displayed different clinical outcomes. we observed in the majority of cats that f ...201525535323
feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection in free-ranging guignas (leopardus guigna) and sympatric domestic cats in human perturbed landscapes on chiloé island, chile.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) are two of the most common viruses affecting domestic cats (felis catus). during the last two decades, reports show that both viruses also infect or affect other species of the family felidae. human landscape perturbation is one of the main causes of emerging diseases in wild animals, facilitating contact and transmission of pathogens between domestic and wild animals. we investigated fiv and felv infection in free-ranging guig ...201525380363
phylogenetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus strains from naturally infected cats in belgium and the netherlands.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a major pathogen in feline populations worldwide, with seroprevalences up to 26%. virus strains circulating in domestic cats are subdivided into different phylogenetic clades (a-e), based on the genetic diversity of the v3-v4 region of the env gene. in this report, a phylogenetic analysis of the v3-v4 env region, and a variable region in the gag gene was made for 36 fiv strains isolated in belgium and the netherlands. all newly generated gag sequences clust ...201525449575
transcriptional profiling of the host cell response to feline immunodeficiency virus infection.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a widespread pathogen of the domestic cat and an important animal model for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) research. in contrast to hiv, only limited information is available on the transcriptional host cell response to fiv infections. this study aims to identify fiv-induced gene expression changes in feline t-cells during the early phase of the infection. illumina rna-sequencing (rna-seq) was used identify differentially expressed genes (degs) at 24 h ...201424642186
analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the apobec3h gene of domestic cats (felis catus) and their association with the susceptibility to feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) are widely distributed retroviruses that infect domestic cats (felis catus). restriction factors are proteins that have the ability to hamper retroviruses' replication and are part of the conserved mechanisms of anti-viral immunity of mammals. the apobec3 protein family is the most studied class of restriction factors; they are cytidine deaminases that generate hypermutations in provirus dna during reverse transcription, thus c ...201425173082
annotated features of domestic cat - felis catus genome.domestic cats enjoy an extensive veterinary medical surveillance which has described nearly 250 genetic diseases analogous to human disorders. feline infectious agents offer powerful natural models of deadly human diseases, which include feline immunodeficiency virus, feline sarcoma virus and feline leukemia virus. a rich veterinary literature of feline disease pathogenesis and the demonstration of a highly conserved ancestral mammal genome organization make the cat genome annotation a highly in ...201425143822
felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1; a widely endemic potential pathogen of domestic cats.felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1), recently discovered in the usa, was detected in domestic cats in australia (11.4%, 95% confidence interval 5.9-19.1, n=110) and singapore (9.6%, 95% confidence interval 5.9-14.6, n=176) using qpcr. fcaghv1 qpcr positive cats were 2.8 times more likely to be sick than healthy. risk factors for fcaghv1 detection included being male, increasing age and coinfection with pathogenic retroviruses, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) or feline leukaemia virus. f ...201425010275
single aromatic residue location alters nucleic acid binding and chaperone function of fiv nucleocapsid protein.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a retrovirus that infects domestic cats, and is an excellent animal model for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) pathogenesis. the nucleocapsid (nc) protein is critical for replication in both retroviruses. fiv nc has several structural features that differ from hiv-1 nc. while both nc proteins have a single conserved aromatic residue in each of the two zinc fingers, the aromatic residue on the second finger of fiv nc is located on the opposite c-t ...201424915282
detection of serum antibodies against bartonella species in cats with sporotrichosis from rio de janeiro, brazil.cat scratch disease is a zoonosis caused by bartonella species, transmitted to humans through scratches or bites from infected cats and via direct contact with infected feces. sporotrichosis, caused by the fungal complex sporothrix, is transmitted by traumatic inoculation of the fungus. cats are important in zoonotic transmission. serum samples from 112 domestic cats with sporotrichosis and 77 samples from healthy cats were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), using the commercia ...201424127458
seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and heartworm infection among owned cats in tropical mexico.several infectious agents may be distributed within a healthy population of cats where diverse risk factors predispose them to come into contact with pathogens. blood samples from 227 owned cats in merida, mexico, were collected with the objective of determining the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of feline leukemia virus (felv) and dirofilaria immitis antigen, and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibody. serological detection of felv and d immitis antigens, and fiv antibodies wa ...201424196568
first case of peritoneal cystic echinococcosis in a domestic cat caused by echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (genotype 1) associated to feline immunodeficiency virus infection.a new cystic echinococcosis case in a cat in uruguay is reported herein. the cat was taken to a veterinary clinic in rocha city, uruguay, due to dyspnea, constipation and abdominal enlargement. during surgery a large quantity of cysts was retrieved from the abdominal cavity. the cysts were morphologically studied and confirmed as echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (genotype 1) by molecular tools using cytochrome oxidase submit 1 and small subunit ribosomal rna gene as target genes. moreover, ...201424291289
serosurvey for selected viral infections in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) and domestic carnivores in brazilian cerrado, pantanal, and amazon.we investigated the exposure of jaguar (panthera onca) populations and domestic carnivores to selected viral infections in the cerrado, amazon, and pantanal biomes of brazil. between february 2000 and january 2010, we collected serum samples from 31 jaguars, 174 dogs (canis lupus familiaris), and 35 domestic cats (felis catus). serologic analyses for antibodies to rabies virus, canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and for feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen were co ...201323778599
domestic cat microsphere immunoassays: detection of antibodies during feline immunodeficiency virus infection.microsphere immunoassays (mias) allow rapid and accurate evaluation of multiple analytes simultaneously within a biological sample. here we describe the development and validation of domestic cat-specific mias for a) the quantification of total igg and iga levels in plasma, and b) the detection of igg and iga antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) capsid (ca) and surface (su) proteins, and feline cd134 in plasma. these assays were used to examine the temporal antibody response of dome ...201323954271
biophysical characterization and crystal structure of the feline immunodeficiency virus p15 matrix protein.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a viral pathogen that infects domestic cats and wild felids. during the viral replication cycle, the fiv p15 matrix protein oligomerizes to form a closed matrix that underlies the lipidic envelope of the virion. because of its crucial role in the early and late stages of viral morphogenesis, especially in viral assembly, fiv p15 is an interesting target in the development of potential new therapeutic strategies.201323800358
a door-to-door prevalence study of feline immunodeficiency virus in an australian suburb.a door-to-door survey was conducted within the limits of the suburb of douglas in northern queensland, australia, to determine the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in the overall population of domestic cats. previous fiv prevalence studies have relied on convenience sampling strategies, leaving out an important group of pet cats that do not receive regular veterinary attention. saliva was selected for testing because collection was non-invasive and was likely to achiev ...201323739036
prevalence and risk factor analysis of feline haemoplasma infection in new zealand domestic cats using a real-time pcr assay.haemotropic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are small epierythrocytic bacteria that have the potential to cause severe, life-threatening haemolytic anaemia. the aim of the current study was to evaluate feline haemoplasma prevalence using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from a convenience sample of new zealand domestic cats, including blood film examination and a risk factor analysis. dna was extracted from 200 blood samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for routine haematology over a ...201323666110
the use of a t-maze to measure cognitive-motor function in cats (felis catus).few tests have been developed to test the cognitive and motor capabilities of domestic cats, in spite of the suitability of cats for specific studies of neuroanatomy, infectious diseases, development, aging, and behavior. the present study evaluated a t-maze apparatus as a sensitive and reliable measure of cognition and motor function of cats. eighteen purpose-bred, specific-pathogen-free, male, neutered domestic shorthair cats (felis catus), 1-2 years of age, were trained and tested to a t-maze ...201325477770
an investigation into the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii, bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and feline leukaemia virus (felv) in cats in addis ababa, ethiopia.toxoplasma gondii and bartonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens of cats. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and feline leukaemia virus (felv) are immunosuppressive viruses of cats that can affect t. gondii oocyst shedding. in this study, the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii, bartonella spp., fiv, as well as felv antigens were determined in sera from feral cats (felis catus) from addis ababa, ethiopia. using the modified agglutination test, igg antibodies to t. gondii were found in 41 (85.4%) ...201322857007
accessory genes confer a high replication rate to virulent feline immunodeficiency virus.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that causes aids in domestic cats, similar to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/aids in humans. the fiv accessory protein vif abrogates the inhibition of infection by cat apobec3 restriction factors. fiv also encodes a multifunctional orfa accessory protein that has characteristics similar to hiv tat, vpu, vpr, and nef. to examine the role of vif and orfa accessory genes in fiv replication and pathogenicity, we generated chimeras between two f ...201323658451
transcriptional regulation of latent feline immunodeficiency virus in peripheral cd4+ t-lymphocytes.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), the lentivirus of domestic cats responsible for feline aids, establishes a latent infection in peripheral blood cd4+ t-cells approximately eight months after experimental inoculation. in this study, cats experimentally infected with the fiv-c strain in the asymptomatic phase demonstrated an estimated viral load of 1 infected cell per approximately 10(3) cd4+ t-cells, with about 1 copy of viral dna per cell. approximately 1 in 10 proviral copies was capable of ...201222754653
three pathogens in sympatric populations of pumas, bobcats, and domestic cats: implications for infectious disease transmission.anthropogenic landscape change can lead to increased opportunities for pathogen transmission between domestic and non-domestic animals. pumas, bobcats, and domestic cats are sympatric in many areas of north america and share many of the same pathogens, some of which are zoonotic. we analyzed bobcat, puma, and feral domestic cat samples collected from targeted geographic areas. we examined exposure to three pathogens that are taxonomically diverse (bacterial, protozoal, viral), that incorporate m ...201222347471
microsphere immunoassay for the detection of cytokines in domestic cat (felis catus) plasma: elevated il-12/23 in acute feline immunodeficiency virus infections.we recently described the development and validation of a highly sensitive and specific microsphere immunoassay capable of simultaneously quantifying three domestic cat cytokines in tissue culture supernatant. here we describe the modification of this assay to measure interferon gamma (ifnγ), interleukin (il)-10 and il-12/il-23 p40 (il-12/23) in domestic cat plasma, report values obtained from plasma collected after feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) exposure, and compare plasma concentrations ...201222326898
emerging viruses in the felidae: shifting paradigms.the domestic cat is afflicted with multiple viruses that serve as powerful models for human disease including cancers, sars and hiv/aids. cat viruses that cause these diseases have been studied for decades revealing detailed insight concerning transmission, virulence, origins and pathogenesis. here we review recent genetic advances that have questioned traditional wisdom regarding the origins of virulent feline infectious peritonitis (fip) diseases, the pathogenic potential of feline immunodefic ...201222470834
prevalence and risk factors of feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in peninsular malaysia.feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in domestic and wild felids. despite the clinical importance of feline retroviruses and the growing interest in cats as pets, information about felv and fiv in malaysia is presently insufficient to properly advise veterinarians and pet owners. a cross-sectional study was carried out from january 2010 to december 2010 to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with felv a ...201222439903
clinical aspects of feline retroviruses: a review.feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are retroviruses with global impact on the health of domestic cats. the two viruses differ in their potential to cause disease. felv is more pathogenic, and was long considered to be responsible for more clinical syndromes than any other agent in cats. felv can cause tumors (mainly lymphoma), bone marrow suppression syndromes (mainly anemia), and lead to secondary infectious diseases caused by suppressive effects of the virus o ...201223202500
pharmacological inhibition of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv).feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a member of the retroviridae family of viruses and causes an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in domestic and non-domestic cats worldwide. genome organization of fiv and clinical characteristics of the disease caused by the virus are similar to those of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). both viruses infect t lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages, and their replication cycle in infected cells is analogous. due to marked similarity in genomic orga ...201222754645
cryptosporidium species screening using kinyoun technique in domestic cats with diarrhea.cryptosporidium is a coccidian that can lead to diarrhea, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. retroviruses are considered a primary cause of immunosuppression in cats. fecal specimens and blood collected from the 60 cats were evaluated for the presence of acid-fast cryptosporidia in three consecutive stool samples and for feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibody by elisa testing. five animals (8.33%) shedding oocysts were found, one was both f ...201222314086
feline immunodeficiency virus in south america.the rapid emergence of aids in humans during the period between 1980 and 2000 has led to extensive efforts to understand more fully similar etiologic agents of chronic and progressive acquired immunodeficiency disease in several mammalian species. lentiviruses that have gene sequence homology with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have been found in different species (including sheep, goats, horses, cattle, cats, and several old world monkey species). lentiviruses, comprising a genus of the ret ...201222590677
molecular survey of rickettsia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma infection of domestic cats in japan.the prevalence of rickettsia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma in 1764 dna samples extracted from feline peripheral blood from all 47 prefectures in japan was evaluated by screening real-time pcr, genus-specific pcr, and dna nucleotide sequencing. the survey revealed that all cats were negative for rickettsia infection. two cats were positive for ehrlichia or anaplasma based on the screening pcr assay. nucleotide sequence analysis of the partial 16s rrna including the divergent region near the 3'-end re ...201223168051
virological survey in free-ranging wildcats (felis silvestris) and feral domestic cats in portugal.to determine the presence of viral pathogens in natural areas a survey was conducted on an opportunistic sample of fifty eight wild (felis silvestris silvestris) and feral cats (f. s. catus). the biological materials included serum, lung tissue extract and stool. feline leukemia virus p27 antigen was detected in 13/50 serum/lung tissue extract samples (26%), canine distemper virus antibodies were detected in 2/26 serum/lung tissue extract samples (7.7%), feline coronavirus rna was present in 6/2 ...201222424865
exposure to selected pathogens in to selected pathogens in geoffroy's cats and domestic carnivores from central argentina.wild carnivores share a high percentage of parasites and viruses with closely related domestic carnivores. because of increased overlap and potential contact with domestic species, we conducted a retrospective serosurvey for 11 common carnivore pathogens in 40 geoffroy's cats (leopardus geoffroyi) sampled between 2000 and 2008 within or near two protected areas in central argentina (lihué calel national park, la pampa, and campos del tuyú national park, buenos aires), as well as five domestic ca ...201223060491
Utilization of feline ELISPOT for mapping vaccine epitopes.A commercial feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccine consisting of inactivated dual-subtype viruses was released in the USA in 2002 and released subsequently over the next 6 years in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Based on the genetic, morphologic, and biochemical similarities between FIV and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), FIV infection of domestic cats is being used as a small animal model of HIV/AIDS vaccine. Studies on prototype and commercial FIV vaccines provide new ...201221956500
Prior virus exposure alters the long-term landscape of viral replication during feline lentiviral infection.We developed a feline model of lentiviral cross-species transmission using a puma lentivirus (PLV or FIV(Pco)) which infects domestic cats but does not cause disease. Infection with PLV protects cats from CD4+ T-cell decline caused by subsequent infection with virulent feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Previous studies implicate innate immune and/or cellular restriction mechanisms for FIV disease attenuation in PLV-infected cats. In this study, we evaluated viral infection and cytokine mRNA t ...201122069521
Validation of real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domestic cats using Bayesian latent class models.The objectives of the current study were to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of three real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic cats, both individually and when interpreted in series with one of two serological tests, separately in populations of cats at low and high risk of being infected with FIV. One PCR test targeted the pol gene and two targeted the gag gene of FIV. For comparison, sensitivities and spe ...201122098681
Antiviral restriction factor transgenesis in the domestic cat.Studies of the domestic cat have contributed to many scientific advances, including the present understanding of the mammalian cerebral cortex. A practical capability for cat transgenesis is needed to realize the distinctive potential of research on this neurobehaviorally complex, accessible species for advancing human and feline health. For example, humans and cats are afflicted with pandemic AIDS lentiviruses that are susceptible to species-specific restriction factors. Here we introduced gene ...201121909101
CNS disease in the cat: current knowledge of infectious causes.PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Neurological disease is a relatively common reason for referral, constituting approximately 10% of the feline referral caseload. Nearly one-third to one-half of these cases may be infectious in origin. As such, an awareness of infectious diseases causing central nervous system (CNS) signs in cats, and their clinical diagnosis and management, is relevant to anyone dealing with cats on a regular basis. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE: Some conditions (eg, rabies) are more common in certain ...201122063207
clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus infection.feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are retroviruses with a global impact on the health of domestic cats. the two viruses differ in their potential to cause disease. fiv can cause an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that increases the risk of developing opportunistic infections, neurological diseases, and tumors. in most naturally infected cats, however, fiv itself does not cause severe clinical signs, and fiv-infected cats may live many years without any healt ...201121807418
feline tetherin efficiently restricts release of feline immunodeficiency virus but not spreading of infection.domestic cats endure infections by all three subfamilies of the retroviridae: lentiviruses (feline immunodeficiency virus [fiv]), gammaretroviruses (feline leukemia virus [felv]), and spumaretroviruses (feline foamy virus [ffv]). thus, cats present an insight into the evolution of the host-retrovirus relationship and the development of intrinsic/innate immune mechanisms. tetherin (bst-2) is an interferon-inducible transmembrane protein that inhibits the release of enveloped viruses from infected ...201121490095
suppression of immunodeficiency virus-associated neural damage by the p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand, lm11a-31, in an in vitro feline model.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection like human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), produces systemic and central nervous system disease in its natural host, the domestic cat, that parallels the pathogenesis seen in hiv-infected humans. the ability to culture feline nervous system tissue affords the unique opportunity to directly examine interactions of infectious virus with cns cells for the development of models and treatments that can then be translated to a natural infectious model. to ex ...201122161560
viral transcriptome analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus infected cells using second generation sequencing technology.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a widespread pathogen causing immunodeficiency in domestic cats and related wild cat species. the virus genome includes the main structural genes common to all retroviruses as well as accessory genes displaying essential functions during the viral life cycle. expression of viral genes involves transcription of provirus genomes into full-length transcripts, which are partially processed into several spliced mrna variants for the translation of particular pro ...201121742384
assessment of feline blood for transfusion purposes in the dublin area of ireland.the prevalence of a, b and ab blood types and of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukaemia virus (felv) infection was determined in cats in ireland, in order to determine risk factors for blood taken for transfusion purposes. edta blood samples were available from 137 non-pedigree cats and 39 pedigree cats (91 females and 85 males, aged four months to 15.0 years) in the dublin area of ireland. of the 176 edta blood samples obtained, 112 (from 92 healthy cats and 20 sick cats) were ...201121498236
primate and feline lentiviruses in current intrinsic immunity research: the cat is back.retroviral restriction factor research is explaining long-standing lentiviral mysteries. asking why a particular retrovirus cannot complete a critical part of its life cycle in cells of a particular species has been the starting point for numerous discoveries, including heretofore elusive functions of hiv-1 accessory genes. the potential for therapeutic application is substantial. analyzing the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) life cycle has been instrumental and the source of some surprising ...201121715025
fiv diversity: fiv(ple) subtype composition may influence disease outcome in african lions.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infects domestic cats and at least 20 additional species of non-domestic felids throughout the world. strains specific to domestic cat (fiv(fca)) produce aids-like disease progression, sequelae and pathology providing an informative model for hiv infection in humans. less is known about the immunological and pathological influence of fiv in other felid species although multiple distinct strains of fiv circulate in natural populations. as in hiv-1 and hiv-2, mu ...201121723622
when cats' ways of life interact with their viruses: a study in 15 natural populations of owned and unowned cats (felis silvestris catus).in natural populations, virus circulation is influenced by host behavior and physiological characteristics. cat populations exhibit a great variability in social and spatial structure, the existence of different ways of life within a same population may also result in different epidemiological patterns. to test this hypothesis, we used a logistic regression to analyze the risk factors of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline herpes virus (fhv), feline calicivirus (fcv), and feline parvovir ...201121705099
retroviral restriction and dependency factors in primates and carnivores.recent studies have extended the rapidly developing retroviral restriction factor field to cells of carnivore species. carnivoran genomes, and the domestic cat genome in particular, are revealing intriguing properties vis-+á-vis the primate and feline lentiviruses, not only with respect to their repertoires of virus-blocking restriction factors but also replication-enabling dependency factors. therapeutic application of restriction factors is envisioned for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) dis ...201121715018
Feline immunodeficiency virus: disease association versus causation in domestic and nondomestic felids.Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is an important infection in both domestic and nondomestic cats. Although many studies have provided insight into FIV pathophysiology and immunologic responses to infection in cats, questions remain regarding the association of FIV with specific disease syndromes. For many diseases, both association and causation of disease with FIV remain to be confirmed and clarified. The use of experimental infection models is unlikely to yield answers about naturally infec ...201122041211
productive replication and evolution of hiv-1 in ferret cells.a rodent or other small animal model for hiv-1 has not been forthcoming, with the principal obstacles being species-specific restriction mechanisms and deficits in hiv-1 dependency factors. some carnivorans may harbor comparatively fewer impediments. for example, in contrast to mice, the domestic cat genome encodes essential non-receptor hiv-1 dependency factors. all feliformia and at least one caniformia species also lack a major lentiviral restriction mechanism (trim5α/trimcyp proteins). here ...201122171279
restriction of the felid lentiviruses by a synthetic feline trim5-cypa fusion.gene therapy approaches to the treatment of hiv infection have targeted both viral gene expression and the cellular factors that are essential for virus replication. however, significant concerns have been raised regarding the potential toxic effects of such therapies, the emergence of resistant viral variants and unforeseen biological consequences such as enhanced susceptibility to unrelated pathogens. novel restriction factors formed by the fusion of the tripartite motif protein (trim5) and cy ...201121813188
prevalence of infectious diseases in cats and dogs rescued following hurricane katrina.to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of animal and zoonotic importance in cats and dogs rescued and transferred from the gulf coast region following hurricane katrina.201121281213
phylogenetic characterisation of naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus in the united kingdom.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a significant pathogen of domestic and non-domestic felids worldwide. in domestic cats, fiv is classified into five distinct subtypes (a-e) with subtypes a and b distributed most widely. however, little is known about the degree of intrasubtype viral diversity and this may prove critical in determining whether monovalent vaccines are likely to protect against fiv strains within a single subtype. here, we characterise novel env sequences from 47 fiv strains ...201121349661
isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii causing fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent 10-year-old cat.a 10-year-old male, neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with fever, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. serologic testing for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus were negative. fine-needle aspirates of mesenteric lymph nodes revealed the presence of banana-shaped apicomplexan parasites. the cat died after 4 days of hospitalization. postmortem polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis confirmed the presence of toxoplasma gondii in all examined organs. parasites were ex ...201121217037
the neuropathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: barriers to overcome.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), like human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, is a neurotropic lentivirus, and both natural and experimental infections are associated with neuropathology. fiv enters the brain early following experimental infection, most likely via the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. the exact mechanism of entry, and the factors that influence this entry, are not fully understood. as fiv is a recognised model of hiv-1 infection, understanding such mechanisms ...201120418131
seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leishmania spp. infections and risk factors for cats from brazil.the seroprevalence of infection by toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leishmania spp. was detected through an indirect immunofluorescence in 70 cats from the andradina municipality, são paulo state, brazil. anti-t. gondii antibodies (titer >64) were detected in 15.7% (11/70) of animals, whereas positivity for n. caninum (titer 16) was not observed in any animal. of the cats from urban and rural areas, 10.4% (5/48) and 27.2% (6/22) were positive for t. gondii, respectively. breed, age, food ...201121626423
immunomodulator expression in trophoblasts from the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cat.abstract:201121729293
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and concurrent bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and dirofilaria immitis infections in egyptian cats.abstract toxoplasma gondii and bartonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens of cats. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) are related to human immunodeficiency virus and human leukemia virus, respectively, and these viruses are immunosuppressive. in the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii , bartonella spp., fiv, as well as felv and dirofilaria immitis antigens was determined in sera from feral cats ( felis catus ) from cairo, egypt. using a modified ...201121506874
strain-specific viral distribution and neuropathology of feline immunodeficiency virus.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a naturally occurring lentivirus of domestic cats, and is the causative agent of feline aids. similar to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the pathogenesis of fiv involves infection of lymphocytes and macrophages, and results in chronic progressive immune system collapse and death. neuropathologic correlates of fiv infection have not yet been elucidated, and may be relevant to understanding hiv-associated neurologic disease (neuroaids). as in hiv, fiv str ...201121715019
T-regulatory cells infected with feline immunodeficiency virus up-regulate programmed death-1 (PD-1).CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and immune response. Treg cells influence the nature and magnitude of immune responses, in particular to chronic infections with viruses such as HIV in humans and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in cats. The co-stimulatory molecule programmed (cell) death-1 (PD-1) is expressed on T cells and antigen presenting cells. Interaction with its ligand, PD-L1, reduces CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell functi ...201121719113
Surveillance using serological and molecular methods for the detection of infectious agents in captive Brazilian neotropic and exotic felids.The aim of the current study was to investigate the exposure of captive wild felids to various infectious pathogens using serological and molecular methods. One hundred and fifty-nine neotropic felids and 51 exotic felids from 28 captive settings in Brazil were tested. While antibodies against Feline parvovirus and Feline coronavirus (FCoV), Feline calicivirus and Bartonella spp. were frequently detected by serologic tests, antibodies against Felid herpesvirus 1 or infection with hemotropic myco ...201121908268
mycobacterial disease in cats in great britain: i. culture results, geographical distribution and clinical presentation of 339 cases.this study investigated 339 cases of feline mycobacterial disease from cats with cutaneous lesions or masses found at exploratory laparotomy. tissue samples were submitted to the veterinary laboratories agency for mycobacterial culture over a 4-year period to december 2008. the study assessed which species of culturable mycobacteria were involved, where the cats lived, and their clinical presentation (physical findings, serum biochemistry, radiography, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodef ...201122079343
the molecular biology of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv).feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is widespread in feline populations and causes an aids-like illness in domestic cats. it is highly prevalent in several endangered feline species. in domestic cats fiv infection is a valuable small animal model for hiv infection. in recent years there has been sa significant increase in interest in fiv, in part to exploit this, but also because of the potential it has as a human gene therapy vector. though much less studied than hiv there are many parallels in ...201122163340
a serological and molecular study of leishmania infantum infection in cats from the island of ibiza (spain).the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of leishmania infantum infection within a feline population by serologic and molecular methods and to identify associated risk factors. one hundred five cats living outdoors were studied. sera were tested for igg antibodies against l. infantum, toxoplasma gondii, and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and for the detection of feline leukemia virus (felv) p27 antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). l. infantum real-time polymeras ...201120804432
cytokine dysregulation in early- and late-term placentas from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats.experimental infection of cats with fiv-b-2542 produces high rates of fetal infection and reproductive failure. we hypothesized that dysregulation of placental cytokine expression occurs in fiv-infected queens, and aberrant expression potentiates inflammation and impacts pregnancy outcome. our purpose was to quantify expression of representative pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-6, il-12p35, and il-1β), il-10 (anti-inflammatory), and the chemokine sdf-1α in early- and late-term placental tissues.201120825375
does a feline leukemia virus infection pave the way for bartonella henselae infection in cats?domestic cats serve as the reservoir hosts of bartonella henselae and may develop mild clinical symptoms or none after experimental infection. in humans, b. henselae infection can result in self-limiting cat scratch disease. however, immunocompromised patients may suffer from more-severe courses of infection or may even develop the potentially lethal disease bacillary angiomatosis. it was reasoned that cats with immunocompromising viral infections may react similarly to b. henselae infection. th ...201020610682
modulation of the virus-receptor interaction by mutations in the v5 loop of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) following in vivo escape from neutralising antibody.in the acute phase of infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), the virus targets activated cd4+ t cells by utilising cd134 (ox40) as a primary attachment receptor and cxcr4 as a co-receptor. the nature of the virus-receptor interaction varies between isolates; strains such as gl8 and cpgammer recognise a "complex" determinant on cd134 formed by cysteine-rich domains (crds) 1 and 2 of the molecule while strains such as ppr and b2542 require a more "simple" determinant comprising crd1 o ...201020420700
productive replication of vif-chimeric hiv-1 in feline cells.nonprimate animal models of hiv-1 infection are prevented by missing cellular cofactors and by antiviral actions of species-specific host defense factors. these blocks are profound in rodents but may be less abundant in certain carnivora. here, we enabled productive, spreading replication and passage of hiv-1 in feline cells. feline fibroblasts, t-cell lines, and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells supported early and late hiv-1 life cycle phases in a manner equivalent to that of human ce ...201020463079
lentivirus-associated mapk/erk2 phosphorylates emd and regulates infectivity.infection of a cell by lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or feline immunodeficiency virus, results in the formation of a reverse transcription complex, the pre-integration complex (pic), where viral dna is synthesized. in non-dividing cells, efficient nuclear translocation of the pic requires the presence of the inner nuclear lamina protein emerin (emd). here, we demonstrate that emd phosphorylation is induced early after infection in primary non-dividing cells. furthermo ...201020463147
fine definition of the cxcr4-binding region on the v3 loop of feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein.the chemokine receptor cxcr4 is shared by primary and laboratory-adapted strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) for viral entry. our previous studies implicated a contiguous nine-amino-acid region of the v3 loop of the fiv envelope surface as important in cxcr4 binding and virus entry. the binding is specific for cxcr4 since it can be inhibited by amd3100, a selective cxcr4 inhibitor. additional site-directed mutagenesis was used to further reveal the key residues. binding studies indica ...201020502526
prior mucosal exposure to heterologous cells alters the pathogenesis of cell-associated mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus challenge.several lines of research suggest that exposure to cellular material can alter the susceptibility to infection by hiv-1. because sexual contact often includes exposure to cellular material, we hypothesized that repeated mucosal exposure to heterologous cells would induce an immune response that would alter the susceptibility to mucosal infection. using the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) model of hiv-1 mucosal transmission, the cervicovaginal mucosa was exposed once weekly for 12 weeks to 5, ...201020507636
feline immunodeficiency virus model for designing hiv/aids vaccines.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) discovered in 1986 is a lentivirus that causes aids in domestic cats. fiv is classified into five subtypes (a-e), and all subtypes and circulating intersubtype recombinants have been identified throughout the world. a commercial fiv vaccine, consisting of inactivated subtype-a and -d viruses (fel-o-vax fiv, fort dodge animal health), was released in the united states in 2002. the united states department of agriculture approved the commercial release of fel-o- ...201020210778
lentiviral vif degrades the apobec3z3/apobec3h protein of its mammalian host and is capable of cross-species activity.all lentiviruses except equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) use the small accessory protein vif to counteract the restriction activity of the relevant apobec3 (a3) proteins of their host species. prior studies have suggested that the vif-a3 interaction is species specific. here, using the apobec3h (z3)-type proteins from five distinct mammals, we report that this is generally not the case: some lentiviral vif proteins are capable of triggering the degradation of both the a3z3-type protein of t ...201020519393
light whole genome sequence for snp discovery across domestic cat breeds.the domestic cat has offered enormous genomic potential in the veterinary description of over 250 hereditary disease models as well as the occurrence of several deadly feline viruses (feline leukemia virus--felv, feline coronavirus--fecv, feline immunodeficiency virus--fiv) that are homologues to human scourges (cancer, sars, and aids respectively). however, to realize this bio-medical potential, a high density single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) map is required in order to accomplish disease a ...201020576142
polymerase chain reaction survey of feline haemoplasma infections in greece.the aim of this study was to use real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to determine the prevalence of three haemoplasma species in cats from greece and to evaluate possible associations between haemoplasma infection and age, gender, feline immunodeficiency virus/feline leukaemia virus (fiv/felv) status and packed cell volume (pcv). ninety-seven cats (24 ill anaemic, 55 ill non-anaemic, 18 healthy non-anaemic) were included in the study. twenty cats (20.6%) were haemoplasma positive; seven c ...201020580298
malignant lymphoma in african lions (panthera leo).malignant lymphoma has become an increasingly recognized problem in african lions (panthera leo). eleven african lions (9 male and 2 female) with clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions of malignant lymphoma were evaluated in this study. all animals were older adults, ranging in age from 14 to 19 years. immunohistochemically, 10 of the 11 lions had t-cell lymphomas (cd3(+), cd79a(-)), and 1 lion was diagnosed with a b-cell lymphoma (cd3(-), cd79a(+)). the spleen appeared to be the prima ...201020610770
Refresh
firstprev
1234567
nextlast
Displaying items 1 - 100 of 661