Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| rapid and sensitive detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in tissues by enzymatic rna amplification of the polymerase gene. | direct detection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus from infected bovine and porcine tissue was investigated using a modified polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. a high degree of conservation was found in the genomic region coding for the viral rna polymerase among the seven fmd viral (fmdv) serotypes. an oligomeric primer pair and probe were constructed from consensus sequence data within this area. first strand cdna was synthesized using random hexamers and moloney mulv reverse trans ... | 1991 | 1666635 |
| enhancement of the immune response elicited with foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines by an extract of the mycobacterium sp. wall. | the immunomodulating effect of an extract of the cell wall of mycobacterium sp. (wsf, vetrepharm inc., london, canada) in foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated vaccines was tested in a murine model. the duration of immunity, protection, stimulation of immunocompetent cells acting on the long-lasting secondary response and possible tissue damage were examined. the incorporation of 10 micrograms wsf into aqueous and oil vaccines induced a high and long-lasting specific antibody response. the ne ... | 1991 | 1667346 |
| a t cell epitope in vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus is immunodominant for vaccinated cattle. | synthetic peptides representing regions of the vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus strain 01 kaufbeuren were screened for their ability to stimulate proliferation of pbmc from virus vaccinated cattle. sites were identified at residue 21-40 (peptide fmdv32) and in the region c-terminal to residue 161. cells responding to fmdv32 were mhc class ii-restricted, cd4+ and secreted il-2. thus, this region is defined as a th site. of 19 virus vaccinated friesian cattle, 89% (17/19) responded to p ... | 1991 | 1702816 |
| modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine expressing monomer and dimer forms of foot-and-mouth disease capsid protein epitopes on surface of hybrid virus particles. | modified-live, attenuated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) hybrid virus vaccines have been constructed by inserting in the major ibrv glycoprotein giii gene chemically synthesized deoxyribonucleotide sequences encoding the bovine growth hormone signal sequence and monomeric or dimeric forms of the foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) vp 1 epitope sequences. the foreign dna sequences were inserted at the n-terminal end of the ibrv giii coding sequence and were driven by the ibrv giii promot ... | 1991 | 1718244 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus)-based viral vector which expresses foot-and-mouth disease epitopes. | a recombinant infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) vector has been constructed to express bovine growth hormone signal sequence plus a foot-and-mouth disease virus [fmdv (o1k)] capsid protein (vp1) epitope as the n-terminal sequence of an ibrv glycoprotein giii fusion protein on the surface of virus infected cells and on the surface of virus particles. sequences encoding the first 38 amino acids of ibrv giii were deleted from the recombinant to avoid redundant glycoprotein signal seque ... | 1991 | 1722936 |
| [outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in northern benin during the 1990-1991 dry season]. | an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease damaged the north-benin during the 1990-1991 dry season (november to may). coming from outside the benin, it spread out very quickly in the country essentially because of trans-humant herds. no measures have been taken to limit this sickness which is endemic and which regularly exhibits outbreaks in benin. antibodies to types a, o and sat2 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus were detected in the sera during this outbreak. | 1991 | 1824131 |
| high-affinity antibody induced by immunization with a synthetic peptide is associated with protection of cattle against foot-and-mouth disease. | previous work has shown that the synthetic peptide c-c-(200-213)-p-p-s-(141-158)-p-c-g, in which residues 200-213 and 141-158 correspond to immunogenic regions of the vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), is capable of inducing high levels of neutralizing antibody but only inconsistent protection of cattle against virulent fmdv challenge. the possibility exists that differences in affinity may well underlie the observed variations in biological effectiveness of the anti-peptide ant ... | 1991 | 1847695 |
| mouse protection test as a predictor of the protective capacity of synthetic foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. | a passive immunity test (mpt) in suckling mice for the quantification of protective anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) antibodies in serum is described. comparisons with titres obtained using conventional serum neutralization tests show that for cattle given synthetic peptide vaccines this in vivo assay is a better indicator of protection, while for convalescent animals and virus-vaccinates both tests are equally valid predictors of immune status. cleavage of fc fragments from anti-virus o ... | 1991 | 1848960 |
| rapid isolation of monoclonal hybridoma cultures by a 'fusion-cloning' method: the requirement for aminopterin. | hybridomas were generated by fusing the balb/c sp2/0 myeloma-like cell line with either: (i) splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), rinderpest virus (rpv), peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv), african swine fever virus (asfv) or pig thymocytes; or (ii) lymph node cells from cattle immunized with fmdv. if the fusion mixtures were plated in cloning medium of methyl cellulose and hat medium, small hybridoma colonies developed which rarely survived. fusi ... | 1991 | 1954000 |
| embryo transfer as a means of controlling the transmission of viral infections. xiii. failure to transmit foot-and-mouth disease virus through the transfer of embryos from viremic donors. | a total of 436 embryos/unfertilized ova was collected from 30 foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viremic cattle; 106 of these embryos/ova were from eight donors that had fmd virus in their reproductive tracts. the 436 embryos/ova were washed and then either assayed in cell culture or intradermally in steer tongues or transferred to recipients. foot-and-mouth infectivity was not found to be associated with any of the embryos/ova assayed in cell culture or intradermally. the 149 embryos transferred prod ... | 1991 | 16726913 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus strains isolated from persistently infected cell cultures are attenuated for mice and cattle. | it was previously reported that during serial passage of a bhk-derived cell line persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus, (termed c1-bhk-rc1) the virus became increasingly more virulent for bhk-21 cells (de la torre et al 1988). virus strains isolated from different cell passage levels were tested for virulence in mice and cattle. the results showed that in the course of persistence in bhk cells, fmdv became progressively less virulent for mice and cattle. | 1990 | 1964520 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus in the llama (lama glama): diagnosis, transmission, and susceptibility. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was shown to be transmitted from either cattle to llamas, llamas to swine (interspecies), or llamas to llamas (intraspecies). response to fmdv varied greatly in the 6 llamas studied; 3 llamas developed generalized clinical disease with mild pyrexia, 2 after intradermolingual inoculation, and 1 after exposure to a calf infected with fmdv serotype a24. another contact llama developed vesicular lesions on all 4 extremities but no oral lesions. two contact llamas, ... | 1990 | 1965585 |
| synthetic peptides against foot-and-mouth disease--immunization with vp1-peptides of type o1-kaufbeuren. | coupled synthetic peptides, representing the sequences of amino acids 130-160, 141-160 and 145-160 of foot-and-mouth disease virus o1k protein vp1, induced virus-binding and virus-neutralizing antibody response in guinea pigs, rabbits, and pigs. we also detected antibody response in guinea pigs after immunization with uncoupled peptides and in cattle with 21 aa-peptide-keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (-klh). the best results were obtained from 21 aa-peptide-klh and 31 aa-peptide with or without klh or ... | 1990 | 1966360 |
| inactivation of foot and mouth disease virus in skimmed milk with propionic acid, citric acid and hydrogen peroxide. | in order to protect farm animals from infections such as foot and mouth disease (fmd) and tuberculosis, the pasteurisation of milk and milk products designated for the feeding of animals is compulsory in switzerland. nowadays, milk products are often treated chemically with acids or with hydrogen peroxide in order to keep bacterial contamination low. the capacity of these chemical treatments to inactivate fmd virus in skimmed milk within 6 h at 5 degrees c was tested in this study. the results i ... | 1990 | 1966751 |
| a study of antigenic variants of foot and mouth disease virus type a in india between 1977 and 1985. | the structural polypeptides of thirty-three field isolates of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) collected in india between 1977 and 1985 were analysed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. they were placed in eleven groups based on their patterns and compared with results of conventional serological (virus neutralisation and complement fixation) tests. variation occurred in the structural proteins of the viruses isolated between 1977 and 1981; however, the polypeptide patterns of viruses ... | 1990 | 1966752 |
| inactivation of viral agents in bovine serum by gamma irradiation. | cell culture origin or suckling mouse brain origin viruses of akabane disease, aino, bovine ephemeral fever, swine vesicular disease, hog cholera, bluetongue, and minute virus of mice were each suspended in bovine serum. aliquots (1 ml) were exposed to various doses of gamma radiation from a 60co source while at -68 degrees c. aliquots (100-ml) of serum from a steer experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus were similarly irradiated. the samples were assayed for infectivity in ce ... | 1990 | 2123735 |
| attenuation of mengo virus through genetic engineering of the 5' noncoding poly(c) tract. | the murine cardioviruses, such as the mengo and encephalomyocarditis viruses, and the bovine aphthoviruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, are distinguished among positive-strand rna viruses by the presence of long homopolymeric poly(c) tracts within their 5' noncoding sequences. although the specific lengths (60-350 bases) and sequence discontinuities (for example, uridine residues) that sometimes disrupt the homopolymer have served to characterize natural viral isolates, the biological ... | 1990 | 2153940 |
| protection of cattle and swine against foot-and-mouth disease, using biosynthetic peptide vaccines. | a single dose of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus protein 1 (vp1) peptide, expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with 190 amino acids (aa) of the le' protein of the tryptophan operon of e coli, elicited an immune response in steers sufficient to withstand the challenge of exposure to animals with acute fmd. the 58-micrograms dose of viral peptide, composed of a segment of the vp1 from the a12 strain (a12) of fmd virus (fmdv; a12-32dimer) in a tandem repeat configuration of aa137 th ... | 1990 | 2154148 |
| comparison of vaccine strains and the virus causing the 1986 foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in spain: epizootiological analysis. | rnas of the most recent foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated in spain (a5sp86) during the 1986 outbreak, and of the three vaccine strains in use at that time in that country, have been compared. although these viruses are serologically indistinguishable, differences have been found among them by t1 fingerprinting. this genetic heterogeneity affects the immunogenic vp1 gene, with amino acid changes located at the carboxyterminal end of the molecule. vp1-coding sequences obtained have been compar ... | 1990 | 2156389 |
| heterotypic protection induced by synthetic peptides corresponding to three serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | synthetic peptide vaccines of the general sequence cys-cys(200-213)-pro-pro-ser-(141-158)-pro-cys-gly, where the numbered residues refer to vp1 sequences of three different strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus, have been evaluated in cattle and guinea pigs. high levels of serotype-specific (homotypic) antiviral and antipeptide antibody were produced with each peptide. the a- and o-serotype peptides provided complete protection of guinea pigs against their respective virus challenges. the c-se ... | 1990 | 2157884 |
| infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus derived from a cloned full-length cdna. | a full-length cdna plasmid of foot-and-mouth disease virus has been constructed. rna synthesized in vitro by means of a bacteriophage sp6 promoter inserted in front of the cdna led to the production of infectious particles upon transfection of bhk-21 cells. these particles were also found to be highly infectious for primary bovine kidney cells as well as for baby mice. the difficulty in cloning the foot-and-mouth disease virus cytidyl tract in escherichia coli was circumvented by joining two sep ... | 1990 | 2159523 |
| identification of foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in vaccinated cattle by antibodies to non-structural virus proteins. | antibodies raised in cattle against foot-and-mouth disease virus by vaccination or by experimental infection were distinguished. vaccination elicited only antibodies to virus capsid proteins and the polymerase 3d. virus replication in cattle elicited additional antibodies directed against the non-structural proteins 2b, 2c, 3ab1, and/or 3c irrespective of prior vaccination or whether the cattle exhibited symptoms of disease. non-permissive mice inoculated with virus responded in the same way, in ... | 1990 | 2163574 |
| isotype responses of infected, virus-vaccinated and peptide-vaccinated cattle to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | an elisa to measure bovine serum immunoglobulin isotypes (igg1, igg2, igm and iga) specific for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) or for synthetic fmdv peptides is described. sera from cattle infected by fmdv, vaccinated with conventional inactivated virus vaccines or vaccinated with synthetic peptides were examined using this assay. generally igg subclasses dominated the antibody responses of all groups after an early igm response had waned. an exception to this pattern was seen in the case o ... | 1990 | 2163575 |
| identification of a nucleotide deletion in parts of polypeptide 3a in two independent attenuated aphthovirus strains. | a set of antisera specific for each viral polypeptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus was used to provide a full comparison of polypeptides of two strains attenuated for cattle with respect to their parental virulent strains. both attenuated strains, belonging to serotypes o1 campos and c3 resende, were obtained through serial passages of the corresponding virulent strains in chicken embryos. although mutations were scattered throughout the genome, both attenuated strains showed an electrophoret ... | 1990 | 2164734 |
| antigenic analysis of serotype o foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from the middle east, 1981 to 1988. | during the period 1981-88 foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o continued to be isolated from outbreaks in the middle east. field isolates submitted to the world reference laboratory have been examined in relation to reference strains by either complement fixation, virus neutralization or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. most isolates were related to the european type o1 reference strains although strains emerging in late 1987 and 1988 were more closely related to o1/manisa. in addit ... | 1990 | 2168609 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus subtyping by sequencing vp1 genes. | in order to use nucleotide sequencing for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) diagnostic subtyping, it is necessary to shorten the time required for preparation of suitable templates. the time required for analysis was reduced by use of the viral rna present in the total rna extract of tissue from infected cattle as a template in the sanger sequencing reaction. results are now available within 3 days. the sequences determined encode capsid protein vp1 and therefore major neutralization epitopes. ... | 1990 | 2169671 |
| use of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen in liquid-phase blocking elisa. | a liquid-phase blocking elisa is used by the world reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease for the quantification of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. the potential for using inactivated fmdv antigens in the assay has been assessed by titrating bovine convalescent sera to all seven serotypes and comparing the titres obtained with live or inactivated antigens. the titres were similar indicating that either live or inactivated antigens can be used in the liquid-phase blocking eli ... | 1990 | 2170435 |
| a complex-trapping-blocking (ctb) elisa, using monoclonal antibodies and detecting specifically antibodies directed against foot-and-mouth disease types a, o and c. i. method and characteristics. | a complex-trapping-blocking (ctb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of antibodies directed against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strains a10 holland, o1 bfs, and c1 detmold. for each strain two monoclonal antibodies directed against different antigenic sites of fmdv were used. the assay used either infectious, not inactivated antigen or inactivated antigen. we concluded that the ctb-elisa was sensitive, type-specific, and more reproducible (p less th ... | 1990 | 2173248 |
| a complex-trapping-blocking (ctb) elisa, using monoclonal antibodies and detecting specifically antibodies directed against foot-and-mouth disease types a, o and c. ii. application. | the complex-trapping-blocking (ctb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated to detect antibodies directed against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strains a10 holland, o1 bfs, and c1 detmold. log10 serum titres of uninfected, unvaccinated cattle (n = 100) were less than 1.80 in the ctb-elisa. sera from cattle vaccinated with either monovalent or trivalent vaccines were tested in both the ctb-elisa and the serum neutralisation test (snt); titres in both tests correlated positiv ... | 1990 | 2173249 |
| [synthetic immunogenic complexes containing a peptide from the surface protein of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | synthetic constructions containing a peptide antigenic determinant (c-terminal peptide 205-213 of the surface vp1 protein of the foot-and-mouth disease virus, o1k strain), glucosaminylmuramayl dipeptide (gmdp), and polyionic synthetic carriers were prepared. the polymerized peptide and peptide-bsa conjugates were synthesized as well. among the constructions obtained only peptide-bsa conjugate proved to be highly immunogenic. application of synthetic constructions to design immunogenic complexes ... | 1990 | 2173604 |
| international bank for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine: stability studies with virus concentrates and vaccines prepared from them. | an international bank foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccine has been established at the pirbright laboratory of the afrc institute for animal health. the bank is based on concentrated virus preparations stored in the gaseous phase of liquid nitrogen and is capable of producing up to 0.5 million cattle doses of each of five common strains of the virus (fmdv) for the member nations of the bank. this paper describes the initial and subsequent testing of the virus concentrates and vaccines prepared f ... | 1990 | 2174597 |
| freeze-drying foot-and-mouth disease virus antigens. ii. for use in the elisa. | live and inactivated preparations of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains 01 bfs 1860 and a22 irq 24/64 were freeze-dried in the presence or absence of additive solutions and assessed for their reactivity by elisa at intervals over a six month storage period at various temperatures and also after reconstitution and subsequent storage with or without glycerination. the type specificity of all antigen preparations was maintained throughout the study period and the potency of antigens, judged by ti ... | 1990 | 2175750 |
| quantification of intact 146s foot-and-mouth disease antigen for vaccine production by a double antibody sandwich elisa using monoclonal antibodies. | a double antibody sandwich (das) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to quantify 146s antigen of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain a10 holland grown in suspension cultures of surviving bovine tongue epithelium. when virus harvests were incubated with trypsin--which affects vp1, the most immunogenic structural protein of fmdv--the concentration of 146s antigen as determined by elisa was reduced by greater than 90%. therefore, the test detected essentially only those v ... | 1990 | 2178351 |
| [virus carriers in foot-and-mouth disease. review]. | fmdv infection can cause a long lasting virus carrier state in the oesophageal-pharyngeal (op) region of cattle, sheep, goats, african buffalo, wildebeest and kudu. virus can be recovered from op fluids with low titres for several months up to more than 2 years. during this time phases of positive virus recovery are interrupted by negative phases. the number of virus carriers decreases as time progresses. the virus carrier state is always accompanied by fmdv antibodies in serum and op fluid. vac ... | 1990 | 2191649 |
| heterotypic recognition of foot-and-mouth disease virus by cattle lymphocytes. | lymphoproliferation against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus was examined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated cattle. ten weeks after revaccination the optimum conditions for proliferation were obtained with 1 microgram/ml of purified virus after 5 to 6 days in culture. this contrasted with the response at 20 months post-revaccination, when the response required less antigen and showed a peak response after 3 to 4 days in culture. proliferation was specific for fmd virus, ... | 1990 | 1689767 |
| antibodies elicited by a biosynthetic peptide related to a major immunogenic area of fmdv a12. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid contains 60 copies each of four structural proteins, virus proteins 1-4. virus protein 1 (vp1) plays an important immunogenic role, being the only vp that is immunogenic as an isolated protein. even peptides representing a partial amino acid (aa) sequence of vp1 can induce protective immunity in experimental hosts. a 32 aa residue, in a tandem repeat configuration (32dimer), of sero/subtype a-12 lp ab vp1 (aa 132-168) was highly immunogenic for its homo ... | 1990 | 1694429 |
| synthetic peptides as potential vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease. | advances made in our knowledge of the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus have enabled us to identify a fragment, consisting of 20 amino acids, of one of the four proteins of the particle, which elicits neutralizing antibodies in experimental animals and in cattle and pigs. the fragment has been synthesised chemically by merrifield's solid phase method and biochemically as part of different fusion proteins. the level of the immune response to the peptide, which depends critically on the wa ... | 1990 | 1697533 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by competitive elisa using a monoclonal antibody specific for the 12s protein subunit from six of the seven serotypes. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) prevention and control programs are dependent upon rapid, reliable diagnostic procedures. the widely used fmd diagnostic complement fixation (cf) procedures require a specific antiserum for each of the seven fmdv serotypes making the tests both cumbersome and difficult to standardize. an fmd diagnostic, monoclonal antibody based inhibition-elisa procedure was developed. the test uses a single monoclonal antibody (mab) that reacts with all european and south american ... | 1990 | 1702246 |
| evidence for at least four antigenic sites on type o foot-and-mouth disease virus involved in neutralization; identification by single and multiple site monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies raised against type o foot-and-mouth disease virus have been characterized on the basis of their reactivity with a panel of single site monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants which had defined three antigenic sites. five antibodies neutralized all these mutants, but by selecting further single site mutants with one of these antibodies it was possible to define a fourth site involved in virus neutralization. two monoclonal antibodies still neutralized these mutan ... | 1989 | 2471793 |
| modification of foot-and-mouth disease virus after serial passages in the presence of antiviral polyclonal sera. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) shows a remarkable antigenic variability. like other rna viruses, this virus has a high rate of mutation. it has been proposed that selection exerted by the host's antibodies could play a major role in the rapid evolution of fmdv. the present work reports the selection of fmdv antibody-resistant populations (nr), after serial passages of cloned fmdv a24 cruzeiro strain on secondary monolayers of bovine fetal kidney cells in the presence of subneutralizing anti ... | 1989 | 2548330 |
| evaluation of techniques to demonstrate foot-and-mouth disease virus in bovine tongue epithelium: comparison of the sensitivity of cattle, mice, primary cell cultures, cryopreserved cell cultures and established cell lines. | tongue epithelia infected with each of the 7 serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were used to evaluate in vivo and in vitro systems for the detection of fmdv. cattle inoculated by the intradermal route in the tongue (idl) and suckling mice inoculated intraperitoneally were compared for susceptibility to fmdv with freshly prepared bovine thyroid cell cultures; cultures from cryopreserved bovine thyroid, bone marrow, mammary gland, myocardium, tongue, ovary and kidney cells; cultures ... | 1989 | 2549683 |
| antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection associated (via) antigen: use of a bioengineered via protein as antigen in an elisa. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus infection associated (via) antigen (viral rna polymerase) in cattle sera, was developed using a bioengineered via (biovia) protein antigen. compared with the classical immunodiffusion test, with viral rna polymerase purified from infected cell cultures as antigen, this elisa was more sensitive. however, depending on the cattle population examined, sera with antibodies to viral rna polymerase, ... | 1989 | 2549685 |
| characterization of anti-idiotypic antibodies generated against foot-and-mouth disease virus neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | a series of seven neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmabs) against type a12 foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was used to induce polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) in rabbits. the anti-ids were semi-purified through isotype affinity columns and assayed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for cross-reactivity. nmabs which map to the same epitope on the virion appear to contain a common idiotype, and the corresponding anti-ids competitively inhibited the virus-nmab reaction. using a m ... | 1989 | 2550021 |
| analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus-neutralizing idiotypes from immune bovine and swine with anti-murine idiotype antibody probes. | rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (a-idab) induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) neutralizing mab were used as probes to identify anti-fmdv id in immune serum from bovine and swine. in a competitive ria, at least two of the a-idab exhibited a dose-dependent capacity to compete with labeled virus for anti-fmdv antibodies from a convalescent bovine serum. these a-idab were immobilized on activated sepharose and used to isolate anti-viral id from bovine, swine, and murine fmdv immune sera. ... | 1989 | 2553817 |
| comparison of a liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa and a serum neutralization test to evaluate immunity in potency tests of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. | sera from cattle vaccinated against either foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strains a10 holland, o1 bfs, or c1 detmold were tested in a serum neutralization test (snt) and a liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa (lbe), and the titers were compared with the results of intradermolingual challenge tests. the lbe test results were significantly more reproducible (p less than 0.005) than the snt results. the correlation coefficients between snt and lbe were 0.91 for fmdv strains a10 holland and o1 ... | 1989 | 2553819 |
| serological probes for some foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural proteins. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) o1 kaufbeuren-specific cdna fragments were subcloned into the e. coli expression vector prit.2t. fusion proteins thus produced in bacteria were purified by affinity chromatography and inoculated into rabbits. three sera thus obtained were found to be monospecific for fmdv proteins 3a, 3c, and 3d, respectively. two others were prevalently directed against protein 2c, but in addition, either to protein 2b or to protein 3a. five out of six mature nonstructural vi ... | 1989 | 2554586 |
| [an immunoenzyme method of isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus by using beta-lactamase conjugate with virus-specific antibodies]. | it was shown that in was feasible to use conjugates of virus-specific antibodies and beta-lactamase from bacillus licheniformis 749/c to identify aphthosa virus antigens. the antigen titers determined by enzyme immunoassay (eia) using a beta-lactamase conjugate were 5-64 times higher than the analogous indices of the complement fixation test. unlike eia, that by using the antibody conjugates with peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase there were observed no "background" responses. | 1989 | 2559667 |
| [antigenic structure of the foot-and-mouth virus. v. protection of naturally susceptible animals from foot-and-mouth disease using a synthetic peptide]. | we have synthesized the peptide representing 135-159 vp1 sequence of a22 strain of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the synthetic peptide induced 100% protection of guinea pigs against the disease. two-fold immunization of cuttle with the peptide and single immunization of sheep induced full protection of the animals against a22 strain of fmdv. | 1989 | 2561049 |
| [immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle: effect of vaccination]. | foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) is one of the most feared animal virus and vaccination still has to be used in many countries. in previous reports, using a murine model, we studied the cellular basis of immune responses against fmdv and were able to show that they are atypical. in cattle, although complete protection may be attained after only one dose of killed virus vaccine, very little is known about protection against fmdv, except for antibody responses, but practically nothing concernin ... | 1989 | 2562135 |
| use of in situ hybridization for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture. | biotinylated complementary dna (cdna) and rna probes were prepared from a specific and highly conserved section of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genome coding for the rna-dependent rna polymerase. hybridization was conducted on fmdv-infected, bovine enterovirus (bev)-infected, and noninfected swine kidney cell cultures. the detection system utilized the enzyme system streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase, the substrate phosphate, and the chromogen nitroblue tetrazolium. intense cytoplasmic ... | 1989 | 2562224 |
| experimental infection of eland (taurotrages oryx), sable antelope (ozanna grandicomis) and buffalo (syncerus caffer) with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the course of experimental infection of a type sat 1 fmdv strain was studied in buffalo, sable antelope and eland following tongue inoculation and contact and has been compared with that in cattle. all species became infected, although disease was less severe in the game animals and larger amounts of virus were required to infect game animals than cattle. neutralizing antibody titres were high and were maintained for an extended period in buffalo, sable antelope and eland. the carrier state was ... | 1989 | 2584449 |
| response to foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in newborn calves. influence of age, colostral antibodies and adjuvants. | oil-emulsified (oe) and aqueous (aq) vaccines were prepared with the same batch of inactivated a24 8345 foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv). calves born to vaccinated dams did not respond to the aq vaccine 30 or 90 days post partum. when the oe vaccine was used on a similar group of calves, no responses were elicited up to 21 days post partum. however, calves 30 or more days old responded like adult cattle to the oe vaccine. when the oe vaccine was used in colostral antibody-free calves 3-30 day ... | 1988 | 2828089 |
| vp1 of serotype c foot-and-mouth disease viruses: long-term conservation of sequences. | the nucleotide sequences of the vp1-coding regions of several isolates of serotype c3 foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were determined. the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with those of serotype c1 fmdv. the results provide evidence for two different lineages of fmdv c3 and document the potential for both long-term conservation and rapid evolution of fmdv. | 1988 | 2831408 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus with dna probes in bovine esophageal-pharyngeal fluids. | infectivity and dot-blot hybridization techniques were compared for the detection of fmdv in esophageal-pharyngeal fluids from experimentally infected cows. the probe used includes the viral polymerase sequence which allows the detection of the three types of virus (a, o, and c) with equivalent sensitivity. virus was detected by dot-blot hybridization as well as by infectivity, according to sample analysis of esophageal-pharyngeal fluids extracted seven days post-infection. it was not possible t ... | 1988 | 2833204 |
| rapid selection of genetic and antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistence in cattle. | rapid evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is documented during persistent infections of cattle. the carrier state was established experimentally with plaque-purified fmdv of serotype c3. virus was recovered from the esophageal pharyngeal area of the animals up to 539 days postinfection. analysis of capsid proteins by electrofocusing and by electrophoretic mobility of the genomic poly(c)-rich tract suggested heterogeneity in several isolates and sequential dominance of viral subpopul ... | 1988 | 2835508 |
| use of peptides for immunization against foot-and-mouth disease. | a peptide corresponding to the major immunogenic site of the protein vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) will elicit a protective neutralizing antibody response in guinea-pigs, cattle and pigs. the response is much greater when the peptide is presented as a linear dimer or tetramer and pigs receiving as little as 40 micrograms peptide have been protected against challenge infection. an even greater response is obtained when the peptide is presented as part of the core protein of hepatitis ... | 1988 | 2838987 |
| failure of haematobia thirouxi potans (bezzi) to transmit foot-and-mouth disease virus mechanically between viraemic and susceptible cattle. | in 2 separate experiments the blood-feeding fly haematobia thirouxi potans (bezzi) failed to transmit foot-and-mouth disease virus when transferred from viraemic (log 2,6-log 4,3 mld50 or tcid50/ml) to susceptible cattle. each experiment involved 2 susceptible and 2 viraemic animals housed in separate stables and 2,000-4,000 flies of which most had fed on viraemic hosts 120 min prior to transfer. furthermore, only minimal quantities of virus were isolated from free-living flies captured on exper ... | 1988 | 2839809 |
| the suitability of a rolled bhk21 monolayer system for the production of vaccines against the sat types of foot-and-mouth disease virus. i. adaptation of virus isolates to the system, immunogen yields achieved and assessment of subtype cross reactivity. | in an examination of 34 southern african sat-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses, all but 1 attained satisfactory levels of infectivity within 6 passages in rolled bhk21 monolayer cell cultures. however, there were marked differences between adapted viruses with respect to the mass of immunogen (146s material) produced. several isolates which consistently produced levels greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml were identified. in cross neutralization tests using post-vaccinal sera, sat-1 and sa ... | 1988 | 2839810 |
| serological and biochemical analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype c3) isolated in argentina between 1981 and 1986. | the evolution in the field is described for foot-and-mouth disease viruses belonging to serotype c3 in argentina between 1981 and 1986. during 1981 and 1982 only three isolations of this serotype took place, which showed minor serological and biochemical variations from the prototype strain c3 resende-brasil/55. at the beginning of 1983 an outbreak was detected in a restricted geographical region caused by strains which had important serological and biochemical differences from the prototype str ... | 1988 | 2844033 |
| a comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and virus isolation for foot and mouth disease diagnosis. | a total of 205 epithelial tissue samples were examined for the presence of foot and mouth disease virus by either the complement-fixation (cf) test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and/or by virus isolation in bovine thyroid or kidney cell cultures. the virus was isolated from 134 of the 201 (67%) specimens. samples, from which virus was isolated, were termed virus-positive samples. the cf test detected viral antigen in 30 (24%) of 123 virus-positive samples, whereas the elisa detected ... | 1988 | 2845633 |
| a continuous bovine kidney cell line for routine assays of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a continuous bovine kidney cell line, lf-bk, arose from primary bovine calf kidney cells that survived infection with a temperature-sensitive mutant of foot-and-mouth disease virus. no virus was recovered after the first passage. cells of passage 48 were inoculated into two steers which remained healthy and did not develop neutralizing antibodies to the virus. the karyotype of cells of the 53rd and 87th passages was similar and revealed that the cells were markedly transformed. the modal number ... | 1988 | 2847400 |
| rapid correlation between field isolates and vaccine strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | antigenic relationships between field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus and available vaccine strains can be rapidly determined by elisa. the most suitable vaccine strain to control an outbreak caused by the field isolate can then be quickly identified. the classical method of subtyping strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus should be replaced with a nomenclature which describes the relationship between a strain and the most antigenically closely related vaccine strain. | 1988 | 2848376 |
| single dilution elisa for detection of serum antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle. | a single dilution blocking elisa was developed and evaluated for measuring serum antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). basic parameters of the assay were established and a positive-negative threshold determined from testing 176 specific antibody negative sera from australian cattle. sera collected from immunised animals in thailand were tested by elisa and virus-neutralisation (vn) tests and the results compared. a positive correlation between elisa and vn titres was recorded for each ... | 1988 | 2852874 |
| antigenic comparison of the polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes and other picornaviruses. | the cross-reactivity of proteins coded for by the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was assessed by reaction of infected cell lysates with polyclonal and monospecific antisera against the structural and nonstructural proteins of fmdv type a12 strain 119ab. it was shown that the homologous polypeptides from most serotypes are antigenically related. the least cross-reactivity occurred between vp1, vp3, and the protease (3c) of type a12 and south african territories types 1 and ... | 1987 | 2437694 |
| [synthetic peptides simulating the protective epitopes of vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o and a]. | in a search of novel approaches to cattle protection from foot-and-mouth disease we have prepared a series of peptides from the major antigenic region 130-160 of the vp1 protein. the 144-159 peptide as well as 141-152, 141-148, 148-159 segments (strain o1k) were inactive in all in vitro and in vivo experiments on virus inhibiting. on the other band, synthetic 136-152, 136-148 o1k sequences as well as 131-149, 140-149 a22 sequences afforded 50 to 100% protection, both in the free state and conjug ... | 1987 | 2445357 |
| improved immunogenicity of a peptide epitope after fusion to hepatitis b core protein. | synthetic vaccines for viral diseases can use defined regions of viral proteins as immunogens: the peptide sequence of amino acids 141-160 of the vp1 protein of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies to protect guinea pigs, cattle and pigs either when coupled to a carrier protein or when administered in liposomes or in incomplete freund's adjuvant. the immune response to these peptides is much lower than that to complete virus particles and the same sequence fu ... | 1987 | 2446137 |
| infection of cattle by airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus: minimal doses with o1 and sat 2 strains. | equipment has been constructed and methods developed for exposing individual cattle to two strains of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus in aerosols to determine the minimal infective dose by the respiratory route. the aerosols used were produced either artificially by a spinning-top aerosol generator, in which case they were of homogeneous small particle size (less than 3 micron in diameter) or else they were derived naturally from infected pigs, in which case the particles were heterogeneous i ... | 1987 | 2832913 |
| peptide vaccine--a new approach to a safer foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine. | a synthetic peptide, of which the region of the major antigenic determinant of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o1k located on the coat protein vp1 consists, was coupled to different protein carriers. comparing the potency of the conjugates to elicit neutralising antibodies it has been shown that klh was the best carrier protein. using different amounts of peptide a (aa 144-aa 159) the dependence of neutralising antibody response on the amount of injected peptide has been demonstrated. pept ... | 1987 | 3032213 |
| multiple variants in foot-and-mouse disease virus (fmdv) populations: the achilles heel for peptide and rec. dna vaccines? | variants of type a10 fmdv were isolated by passage of virus in bhk-cells in the presence of a neutralizing anti-peptide serum or monoclonal antibodies. these variants which were no longer neutralized by the particular anti-peptide serum or monoclonal antibody were easily obtained from (crude) virus populations ("cattle" virus and bhk-adapted virus). the rapidity of isolation (in two or three passages) suggested that these variants are already present in normal virus populations. all (plaque puri ... | 1987 | 3034708 |
| effect of lysosomotropic compounds on early events in foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. | the effect of three lysosomotropic compounds, chloroquine, monensin and nh4cl, on the replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type a12 was studied. viral replication was almost totally inhibited by 0.5 mm chloroquine, 50 microm monensin, or 25 mm nh4cl. monensin and nh4cl affected replication when added either before or within the first hour of infection. chloroquine, however, still inhibited viral replication when added up to 2.5 h after infection. assays of binding of radiolabeled v ... | 1987 | 3037820 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. iii. evaluation of antibodies after infection and vaccination. | investigations using a liquid-phase blocking sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the measurement of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in sera from sheep and from cattle are reported, and results compared with those obtained by virus neutralization (vn) tests. serum antibody titres in sheep after primary vaccination and in cattle challenged with a natural aerosol after vaccination were similar by elisa and vn. however, the antibody levels detected in sera o ... | 1987 | 3428376 |
| serologic survey of viral antibodies in the peruvian alpaca (lama pacos). | sera from more than 100 alpacas (lama pacos) from the peruvian southern sierra were examined for antibodies to 8 viruses known to infect other domestic animals. on the basis of these serologic findings and previously published serologic or clinical data, it is now known that the alpaca can be infected with the following viruses: parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bluetongue virus, border disease virus, influenza a virus, rotavirus, rabies virus, vesicular ... | 1987 | 3826854 |
| biochemical characterization of a foot-and-mouth disease virus strain attenuated for cattle. brief report. | wild-type, virulent (a-24 cruzeiro subtype) foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), a related attenuated strain and revertants of the attenuated strain were examined by titration on primary bovine kidney (pbk) and baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells, as well as, by infection of unweaned mice. wild type virus grew equally well in all three systems, whereas the attenuated strain had a titer 2-3 log lower in pbk cells than in the other 2 assays. within 9 successive passages in bhk-21 cells the attenuat ... | 1986 | 3006639 |
| protection of cattle against foot-and-mouth disease by a synthetic peptide. | a chemically synthesized peptide consisting essentially of two separate regions (residues 141 to 158 and 200 to 213) of a virus coat protein (vp1) from the o1 kaufbeuren strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus was prepared free of any carrier protein. it elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protected cattle against intradermolingual challenge by inoculation with infectious virus. comparative evaluation of this peptide with a single-site peptide (residues 141 to 158) in guinea pigs su ... | 1986 | 3008333 |
| potential for the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from african buffalo (syncerus caffer) to cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease viruses of types sat 1 and sat 2 isolated from diseased cattle and carrier buffalo, either on the same farm or in the same ecological area within a short time of each other, were compared by t1 oligonucleotide mapping. no similarity was observed between the maps obtained, indicating that the different populations of virus were unique to each species and that no interspecies transmission had occurred. | 1986 | 3010415 |
| [a hitherto unknown reaction pattern in vertebrate cells (riv). 2. the protective effect of riv particle preparations against foot-and-mouth disease in guinea pigs]. | further observations concerning the previously described riv-particles are reported. they were isolated from a diploid cell line of bovine origin, embryonal duck fibroblasts and bhk-21 cells. a protective effect against foot-and-mouth-disease virus in guinea pigs could be observed following inoculation with the riv-preparation of bovine origin. all 3 preparations isolated from the 3 cell lines showed immunologic cross reactions. | 1986 | 3020838 |
| a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. i. development and method of elisa. | a liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa has been developed for the quantification of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus which may replace the virus neutralisation (vn) test. this test employs the incubation of a constant amount of antigen with a range of test serum dilutions in the liquid-phase before being assayed using a trapping elisa. thus it does not rely on the availability or growth of tissue culture cells. the assay is rapid and relatively simple to perform, reagents are used ... | 1986 | 3021854 |
| a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. ii. application. | the liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa has been evaluated for the serological study of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the titres recorded for sera from a population of more than 300 british uninfected, unvaccinated cattle which were examined against each of the seven immunologically distinct fmdv types were less than 1 in 40. a positive correlation between elisa and vn titres was recorded for sera either vaccinated or involved in outbreaks of fmdv. the overall regressi ... | 1986 | 3021855 |
| antigenic comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes with monoclonal antibodies. | the capsid structures of the 7 serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus have been compared utilizing a series of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which were previously shown to recognize at least 4 distinct epitopes on type a12 virus. a radioimmune binding assay using radioactively labeled antigens and the monoclonal antibodies revealed that certain conformation dependent epitopes are conserved among a subtypes, while some continuous epitopes are conserved among a subtypes as well as other fm ... | 1986 | 3026110 |
| embryo transfer as a means of controlling the transmission of viral infections. vii. the in vitro exposure of bovine and porcine embryos to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | when 169 zona pellucida-intact bovine embryos were exposed to 10(6) pfu/ml of foot-and-mouth disease virus and then washed, no infectious virus was detected on any of the embryos. fmd viral infectivity was found, however, in association with 14 of 42 hatched (zona pellucida-free) bovine embryos and in a small number of zona pellucida-intact porcine embryos. the porcine embryos were assayed individually and in groups of 8 embryos. four of the 124 individual embryos and 2 of the 9 groups of embryo ... | 1986 | 16726224 |
| proceedings - embryo transfer in the canadian cattle industry status of disease transmission studies and thier relationship to the international movement of bovine embryos. | the current, generally accepted approach to formulating health requirements for the international movement of embryos is to base them on the health status of the male and female donor animals. the alternative approach of basing them on the health status of the embryos themselves has been blocked by the lack of scientific information about the potential of the early embryo to transmit agents of infectious disease. consequently, most research into infectious disease transmission by embryos has had ... | 1986 | 17422615 |
| indirect immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion tests in the detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the antibody response detected by indirect immunofluorescence (iif) as well as that directed against 140 s and virus infection associated antigen (via), as detected by agar immunodiffusion, was studied in three mammal species susceptible to foot and mouth disease virus, after challenge with living virus, immunization and hyperimmunization with inactivated virus, and immunization followed by challenge. by spot indirect immunofluorescence, antibodies were detected only in animals undergoing an act ... | 1985 | 2983488 |
| dose-response evaluation of a genetically engineered foot-and-mouth disease virus polypeptide immunogen in cattle. | four groups of 9 cattle each were vaccinated with 10, 50, 250, or 1,250 micrograms of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus a12 vp1 fusion protein that was produced in escherichia coli and emulsified in an oil adjuvant. the groups given the 10 and 50 micrograms of antigen were revaccinated at 15 weeks and were challenge exposed at 30 weeks; 5 of 9 and 7 of 9 cattle, respectively, were protected from fmd virus infection. the remaining 2 groups, vaccinated with 250 or 1,250 micrograms of antigen, wer ... | 1985 | 2986495 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus antibody using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and serum neutralisation tests. | a comparative investigation was made on the applicability, sensitivity and specificity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) for the rapid detection of antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle sera using as reference a standard serum neutralisation test. the ciep test was sensitive and exhibited a reasonable specificity. | 1985 | 2992139 |
| buffalo in the northern natal game parks show no serological evidence of infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a total of 594 sera collected from buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the hluhluwe/umfolozi game reserve complex, ndumu game reserve and the eastern shores of lake st lucia were examined for antibody to sat 1, 2 and 3 types of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus in neutralization tests. no neutralization of sat 2 or 3 viruses was exhibited by any of the sera tested at final dilutions greater than 10. a small proportion (2,9%) of sera neutralized sat 1 virus at dilutions up to 10, but these were conside ... | 1985 | 2995896 |
| biochemical characterization of an aphthovirus type 0(1) strain campos attenuated for cattle by serial passages in chicken embryos. | the biochemical properties of a virulent and an attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type 0(1) campos (0(1)c) were compared in order to establish differences that could account for their altered biological functions. the avirulent strain (0(1)c-o/e) was derived from the virulent strain 0(1)c by serial passages in chicken embryos. analysis of the rnase t1-generated oligonucleotides of the viral rna through one- and two-dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis (fingerprints) reveal ... | 1985 | 2998071 |
| a study of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their structural polypeptides. | twenty-nine foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) type a virus strains, previously classified serologically as distinct subtypes were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) to determine the extent of variation in the pattern of the structural polypeptides and to evaluate the technique as an aid to existing subtyping techniques. the majority of the subtypes examined had distinct polypeptide patterns, however, some variation also occurred between strains within a subtype. the position of vp2 ... | 1985 | 2412337 |
| variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates in kenya: an examination of field isolates by t1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting. | ribonuclease t1 oligonucleotide maps of strains of 4 of the endemic serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated in kenya between 1964 and 1982 have been compared with data obtained in complement-fixation and neutralization tests. there was a continual change in the oligonucleotide maps obtained for all the serotypes examined. this genetic heterogeneity was generally associated with antigenic variation. viruses isolated during the 12-month course of an epidemic of the sat 1 serotype showed ... | 1985 | 2413611 |
| homologous interference by a foot-and-mouth disease virus strain attenuated for cattle. | an attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) of the a24 cruzeiro subtype grew less well than wild-type virus in primary bovine fetal kidney (pbk) cells resulting in a 4-log lowered efficiency of plaque formation. both wild-type and attenuated virus grew equally well in baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells and in suckling mice. using pbk cells, virus-specific rna of the wild-type accumulated up to 6 hours after infection. in contrast, pbk cells infected with the attenuated strain made l ... | 1985 | 2415086 |
| heterogeneity of the polyribocytidylic acid tract in aphthovirus: biochemical and biological studies of viruses carrying polyribocytidylic acid tracts of different lengths. | in this paper we report a study of a sample of foot-and-mouth disease virus carrying two polyribocytidylic acid [poly(c)] tracts of different lengths. by plaque purification in tissue culture, we isolated two populations of particles, one carrying the long poly(c) tract and the other carrying only the short homopolymer. the fingerprints of both viruses were indistinguishable from each other and from that of the virus present in the original sample, suggesting that the main difference between the ... | 1984 | 6088803 |
| the effect of antiserum quality on strain specificity assessment of foot and mouth disease virus by the neutralization reaction. | the factors affecting the virus strain specificity of antibody to foot an mouth disease virus prepared by a variety of protocols in several species were evaluated by neutralization tests. the time at which the serum was taken, the antigen dose given, whether or not revaccination had occurred and the animal species in which the sera were prepared, did not appear to affect the strain specificity of serum prepared to inactivated antigens when measured in neutralization tests, probably because of th ... | 1984 | 6090465 |
| a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in epithelial tissues. | a rapid double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been used for the identification and type differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses in epithelial tissue samples submitted for diagnosis from the field. no difficulty was experienced in the direct typing of freshly harvested epithelium from recently ruptured vesicles by the complement fixation (cf) test or elisa. the elisa was more sensitive and specific, but proved no more efficient than the traditional cf test ... | 1984 | 6093338 |
| purification and immunogenicity of fusion vp1 protein of foot and mouth disease virus. | a procedure has been developed to purify foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) vp1 surface antigens from recombinant escherichia coli. the vp1 antigens are expressed as fusion proteins derived from the e. coli trp operon and vp1 surface protein of fmdv. the procedure is capable of recovering greater than 96% of the desired product at a purity of greater than 96%. the resulting antigens induce significant levels of virus-neutralizing antibody in guinea pigs and cattle as determined by a mouse prote ... | 1984 | 6099140 |
| biochemical map of polypeptides specified by foot-and-mouth disease virus. | pulse-chase labeling of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected bovine kidney cells revealed stable and unstable viral-specific polypeptides. to identify precursor-product relationships among these polypeptides, antisera against a number of structural and nonstructural viral-specific polypeptides were used. cell-free translations programmed with foot-and-mouth disease virion rna or foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected bovine kidney cell lysates, which were shown to contain almost identical polype ... | 1984 | 6323757 |
| the thermal death time curve for foot-and-mouth disease virus contained in primarily infected milk. | whole and skim milk obtained from cows after intramammary and intravenous inoculation with foot-and-mouth disease virus (primarily infected milk) were exposed to various temperatures ranging from 80 to 148 degrees c for various times ranging from 2.5 s to 27 min then tested for viral infectivity. the average pretreatment titre of the 53 lots of milk used was 10(5.9) plaque-forming units of virus per millilitre 10(3.7)-10(6.8)). a thermal death time curve was plotted using the data obtained. the ... | 1984 | 6330120 |
| observations on the stability of foot and mouth disease vaccine antigens. | the 146s particle of the foot and mouth disease virus which is used as a vaccine antigen was found to be relatively stable when stored for prolonged periods at 4 degrees c. however, stored antigens of virus strains of the sat serotypes but not of a virus strain of the type o serotype became less thermostable at 37 degrees c following 4 degrees c storage. vaccines returned from the field 10 months after they were made were shown to contain significant amounts of 146s antigen of the o, a, sat 1 an ... | 1983 | 6099640 |
| the influence of normal guinea-pig serum and tissue culture assay system on foot-and-mouth disease virus neutralisation. | the inclusion of normal guinea-pig serum in neutralisation reactions involving foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) increased the neutralisation titre and rate of neutralisation by guinea-pig antiserum derived from animals convalescent from fmdv. such inclusion had little or no effect on neutralisation involving guinea-pig antiserum collected early in infection or early or convalescent bovine antisera. higher neutralisation titres and more rapid neutralisation were found from assay in bovine thyr ... | 1983 | 6189669 |
| immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1 replicated in either monolayer or suspended bhk cell system. | the efficacy of vaccines formulated from the 10th passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type o1 in monolayer baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells and the 8th passage in suspension bhk cells was compared in steers. the vaccines were inactivated with ethylenimine, contained an equal amount of antigen and were emulsified in oil-adjuvant. six animals were vaccinated with each vaccine. during the challenge of immunity (91 days post-vaccination, dpv), one out of the six steers from the monolayer v ... | 1983 | 6297845 |
| physicochemical transformation of milk components and release of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | possible mechanisms for protective roles of milk components on foot-and-mouth disease virus present in the milk of infected cows were examined. light scattering bands collected from ficoll-sucrose gradient fractions of skim-milk contained membrane-limited structures but these were non-infectious for bovine kidney cells. infectivity titres in buttermilk higher than those of the original cream or butter suggested association of virus with milk fat globules. increased infectivity titres in skim-mil ... | 1983 | 6302144 |
| multiple homologies of oligonucleotide size exist between nucleic acids of picornaviruses. | a semi-quantitative analysis of hybrid formation between restriction enzyme-generated subgenomic fragments of cloned cdna prepared from rna of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain o1k and radiolabelled rna from bovine enterovirus, bovine rhinovirus or mengo virus indicated that the hybrids were of oligonucleotide size. they were located in those parts of the fmdv o1k genome that code for the two capsid proteins vp3 and vp1 and the precursor protein p52 as well as at the 3' end. no hybridiz ... | 1983 | 6306155 |