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giant panda ribosomal protein s14: cdna, genomic sequence cloning, sequence analysis, and overexpression.rps14 is a component of the 40s ribosomal subunit encoded by the rps14 gene and is required for its maturation. the cdna and the genomic sequence of rps14 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology and touchdown-pcr, respectively; they were both sequenced and analyzed. the length of the cloned cdna fragment was 492 bp; it contained an open-reading frame of 456 bp, encoding 151 amino acids. the length of the genomic sequence is 3421 bp; it conta ...201020957604
a tool based on ligation detection reaction-universal array (ldr-ua) for the characterization of vtec by identification of virulence-associated and serogroup-specific genes.verocytoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) are zoonotic pathogens whose natural reservoir is represented by ruminants, particularly cattle. infections are mainly acquired by consumption of undercooked contaminated food of animal origin, contact with infected animals and contaminated environment. vtec o157 is the most frequently isolated serogroup from cases of human disease, however, other vtec serogroups, such as o26, o111, o145 and o103, are increasingly reported as causing hemolytic uremic syndr ...201020969949
effects of restricted antimicrobial exposure on antimicrobial resistance in fecal escherichia coli from feedlot cattle.the primary objective was to evaluate differences in antimicrobial resistance among enteric bacteria recovered from feedlot cattle that were being raised without exposure to antimicrobial drugs (amds) and those reared using conventional practices.201021034271
occurrence of foodborne pathogens and characterization of staphylococcus aureus in cheese produced on farm-dairies.the objective of this study was to address knowledge gaps identified in an earlier risk assessment of staphylococcus aureus and raw milk cheese. a survey of fresh and short-time ripened cheeses produced on farm-dairies in sweden was conducted to investigate the occurrence and levels of s. aureus, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli, to characterize s. aureus isolates with special emphasis on enterotoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, bio-typing and genetic variation, and to collect inform ...201021035884
the effect of cattle manure cultivation on moisture content and survival of escherichia coli.a new practice whereby wet slurry is added daily to the cattle manure bedding at the barn and cultivated has been developed in israel. the objective of the present study was to examine the effect of manure cultivation on the persistence of escherichia coli in a model system. a cow manure-derived e. coli strain was tagged with green fluorescence protein (gfp) and antibiotic resistance markers and was used to inoculate cow manure in 10-l buckets. after 3 successive cycles of inoculation and cultiv ...201021036939
verotoxins in bovine and meat verotoxin-producing escherichia coli isolates: type, number of variants, and relationship to cytotoxicity.in this study, we determined vt subtypes and evaluated verotoxicity in basal as well as induced conditions of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains isolated from cattle and meat products. most (87%) of the 186 isolates carried a vt(2) gene. moreover, the vt(2) subtype, which is associated with serious disease, was present in 42% of our vtec collection. the other vt subtypes detected were vt(1), vt(1d), vt(2vha), vt(2vhb), vt(2o118), vt(2d) (mucus activatable), and vt(2g). a total o ...201021037301
associations between antimicrobial use and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal escherichia coli from feedlot cattle in western canada.a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial was performed at a research feedlot in western canada. auction-market-derived steers (n = 288) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) no antimicrobials on arrival; 2) oxytetracycline in the starter ration for 14 d; and 3) long-acting oxytetracycline subcutaneously on day 0. minimal inhibitory concentrations of 7 antimicrobials were determined for 3 generic fecal e. coli isolates per animal on arrival and throughout the feeding period. the ...201021037885
conjugates of bovine serum albumin with chitin oligosaccharides prepared through the maillard reaction.chitin neoglycoconjugates (bsa-co) were obtained by the conjugation of bovine serum albumin (bsa) with chitin oligosaccharides (co) through the maillard reaction (nonenzymatic glycation). co produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin were fractionated using an ultrafiltration membrane system (1-3 kda cutoff). the maillard reaction was carried out by heating a freeze-dried mixture containing bsa and co at 60 °c (under 43% relative humidity for 6 and 12 h). bsa-co were characterized by available amino ...201021043451
carbon nanoparticles in lateral flow methods to detect genes encoding virulence factors of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli.the use of carbon nanoparticles is shown for the detection and identification of different shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli virulence factors (vt1, vt2, eae and ehxa) and a 16s control (specific for e. coli) based on the use of lateral flow strips (nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay, nalfia). prior to the detection with nalfia, a rapid amplification method with tagged primers was applied. in the evaluation of the optimised nalfia strips, no cross-reactivity was found for any of the anti ...201021046083
risk ranking: investigating expert and public differences in evaluating food safety hazards.the allocation of resources with respect to food safety issues requires that decision makers prioritize these issues, which may conflict with the public's opinions on these matters. the purpose of this study was to compare how canadian expert and lay respondents rank different food hazards, with a view to better understanding their underlying rationales for making decisions on food safety. a carnegie mellon risk ranking model was adapted for use by individuals with different backgrounds to rank ...201021067676
microbiological quality and antibiotic residues in informally marketed raw cow milk within the coastal savannah zone of ghana.to investigate the microbiological quality and the presence of antibiotic residues in raw cow milk and in some indigenous milk products produced and marketed by the informal sector in the coastal savannah zone of ghana.201021070512
highly selective l-threonine 3-dehydrogenase from cupriavidus necator and its use in determination of l-threonine.l-threonine level in blood plasma is a biomarker of some diseases and nitrogen imbalance in the body. the determination of l-threonine is interesting and is required for diagnosis and management of inherited metabolic disorder. this is the first report of the specific enzymatic determination of l-threonine by a newly discovered l-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (thrdh, ec 1.1.1.103) from cupriavidus necator nbrc 102504. thrdh, a key enzyme in l-threonine catabolism in microorganisms and animals, catal ...201021073854
survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminal or fecal contents incubated with corn or wheat dried distillers' grains with solubles.dried distillers' grain with solubles (ddgs) is a by-product of ethanol production, and its use as cattle feed has increased as a result of the expansion of the fuel ethanol industry. however, the inclusion of corn ddgs into feedlot diets may increase the shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7. this study investigated whether corn or wheat ddgs at 2 concentrations (20% or 40% vs. 100% barley grain) affected the survival of e. coli o157:h7 in incubations of ruminal digesta and feces. neither the ty ...201021076479
molecular and epidemiological characterization of bovine intrauterine escherichia coli.escherichia coli are believed to be associated with postpartum metritis and endometritis but their role in the pathogenesis of both diseases is still undefined. in this study, uterine swabs for e. coli isolation were collected from 374 lactating holstein cows housed on 4 commercial farms near ithaca, new york. a total, 125 of 374 cows (33.4%) were positive for e. coli culture. standard multiplex pcr protocols were used to screen the isolates for the presence of 32 virulence factor genes. cows th ...201021094754
verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 in beef and sheep abattoirs in ireland and characterisation of isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis.this study aimed to investigate verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 in the largest beef and sheep slaughter plants in ireland over a one-year period. samples consisted of pooled rectal swabs (n=407) and pooled carcass swabs (n=407) from 5 animals belonging to the same herd or flock and minced meat (n=91) from the same sampling date. e. coli o157 isolates were characterised using pcr for a range of genes, i.e. 16s, rfbe, flic, vtx1, vtx2, eaea and confirmed vtec o157 isolates were tested for ...201021115208
comparative kinetics of escherichia coli- and staphylococcus aureus-specific activation of key immune pathways in mammary epithelial cells demonstrates that s. aureus elicits a delayed response dominated by interleukin-6 (il-6) but not by il-1a or tumor necrosis factor alpha.infections of the udder by escherichia coli very often elicit acute inflammation, while staphylococcus aureus infections tend to cause mild, subclinical inflammation and persistent infections. the molecular causes underlying the different disease patterns are poorly understood. we therefore profiled the kinetics and extents of global changes in the transcriptome of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (mec) after challenging them with heat-inactivated preparations of e. coli or s. aureus path ...201021115717
estimated human health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources of faecal contamination.this work was conducted to determine whether estimated risks following exposure to recreational waters impacted by gull, chicken, pig, or cattle faecal contamination are substantially different than those associated with waters impacted by human sources such as treated wastewater. previously published quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) methods were employed and extended to meet these objectives. health outcomes used in the analyses were infection from reference waterborne pathogens vi ...201020656314
potency against enterotoxemia of a recombinant clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxoid in ruminants.enterotoxemia, a disease that affects domestic ruminants, is caused mainly by the epsilon toxin from clostridium perfringens type d. its eradication is virtually impossible, control and prophylaxis are based on systematic vaccination of herds with epsilon toxoids that are efficient in inducing protective antibody production. the use of recombinant toxins is one of the most promising of these strategies. this work evaluates the potency of a cl. perfringens type d epsilon toxoid expressed by esche ...201020670910
comparison of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial profiles in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica from the same dairy cattle farms.transmission of antimicrobial drug resistance from resistant bacteria to non-resistant strains is an important public health issue. in this study, we have examined the possibility of multiple resistance gene transfer between escherichia coli and salmonella in the natural setting. bacteria isolated from calves concurrently shedding e. coli and salmonella showed similar antimicrobial drug resistance patterns as measured by a broth dilution method. however, microarray analysis of the antibiotic res ...201020688154
escherichia coli o157:h7 recent advances in research on occurrence, transmission, and control in cattle and the production environment.escherichia coli o157:h7 is a zoonotic pathogen that is an important cause of human foodborne and waterborne disease, with a spectrum of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic carriage and diarrhea to the sometimes fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome. outbreaks of e. coli o157:h7 disease are often associated with undercooked beef, but there are other sources of transmission, including water, produce, and animal contact, which can often be linked directly or indirectly to cattle. thus, preharvest contro ...201020691954
characterization of monoclonal antibodies against goat interleukin-18 and their application in the measurement of goat interleukin-18 in lps-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by sandwich elisa.in order to develop a specific assay for the measurement of goat il-18 level, two stable hybridoma cell lines were established which secreted igg1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against goat il-18. specific binding of two mabs named 2e8 and 4c4 to recombinant goat il-18 expressed in escherichia coli was demonstrated in an elisa and western blotting. results also showed that mabs 2e8 and 4c4 bound to distinct epitopes in the elisa additivity test. these two mabs were applied in ifa analysis for the ...201020692710
characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows in argentina.to feno-genotypically characterize the shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) population in argentinean dairy cows.201020695993
phenotypic and molecular characterization of clinically isolated escherichia coli.all diarrheagenic escherichia coli carry at least one virulence-related property. stool samples from 244 patients having acute or persistent diarrhea received after the exclusion of routine enteropathogens were investigated. purely or predominantly isolated e. coli (n = 100) were subjected to serotyping, of which only 25 were typable. they belonged to 14 different o-serogroups comprising 5 o153, 4 o102, 3 o25, 2 each of o130 and o169, and 1 each of o1, o8, o15, o37, o86, o101, o127, o143, and o1 ...201020699512
occurrence and characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in raw meat, raw milk, and street vended juices in bangladesh.the major objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) in different types of food samples and to compare their genetic relatedness with stec strains previously isolated from animal sources in bangladesh. we investigated a total of 213 food samples, including 90 raw meat samples collected from retail butcher shops, 20 raw milk samples from domestic cattle, and 103 fresh juice samples from street vendors in dhaka city. we found th ...201020704491
comparison of detection methods for escherichia coli o157 in beef livers and carcasses.beef organ meat, such as liver, and beef are major food sources contaminated with escherichia coli o157. this study investigated the detection method of e. coli o157 in beef liver and carcass. in an experiment with beef liver inoculated with e. coli o157, the direct plating method, plating after the immunomagnetic separation (ims) method, and shiga toxin (stx)-producing e. coli detection and e. coli o157 detection loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays were compared for the detecti ...201020704509
ctx-m-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases present in escherichia coli from the feces of cattle in ohio, united states.ctx-m extended-spectrum β-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that are capable of inhibiting the antimicrobial effects of cephalosporin drugs. recently, the first domestically acquired salmonella in the united states expressing bla(ctx-m) was reported. this is a concern because expanded-spectrum cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for invasive gram-negative infections, including salmonellosis in children. because salmonella transmission is primarily foodborne, there is also concer ...201020707724
enumeration and strain characterization of fecal escherichia coli associated with feeding triticale dried distillers grain with solubles in beef cattle diets.triticale dried distillers grain with solubles (tddgs), a major by-product of the bioethanol industry, has potential for utilization in animal feed. this study investigated the changes in generic fecal escherichia coli strains associated with inclusion of tddgs in cattle diets. within this study, a longitudinal experiment (112 days) examined the effect of step-up increasing tddgs inclusion from control to a final diet containing 30% tddgs among cattle (n = 4), and a short-term experiment (28 day ...201020707734
cryptosporidium infection in herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems.a case-control study was designed to investigate the role of different cryptosporidium spp. in swedish dairy herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. faecal samples were collected from preweaned calves, young stock and cows. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by sodium chloride flotation and epifluorescence microscopy. molecular diagnostics were used to identify cryptosporidium species. samples containing c. parvum were further analysed to determine subtypes. calf faecal samples were ...201020714750
influence of hydrological conditions on the escherichia coli population structure in the water of a creek on a rural watershed.escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the gastro-intestinal tract of human and vertebrate animals, although the aquatic environment could be a secondary habitat. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrological conditions on the structure of the e. coli population in the water of a creek on a small rural watershed in france composed of pasture and with human occupation.201020723241
poly(vinyl benzoate) nanoparticles for molecular delivery: studies on their preparation and in vitro properties.the preparation and properties of poly(vinyl benzoate) nanoparticle suspensions as molecular carriers are described for the first time. these nanoparticles can be formed by nanoprecipitation of commercial poly(vinyl benzoate) in water using pluronic f68 as surfactant, to create spherical nanostructures measuring 200-250nm in diameter. these nanoparticles are stable in phosphate buffer and blood serum, and only slowly degrade in the presence of esterases. pluronic f68 stabilizes the nanoparticle ...201020728487
transfer of enteric pathogens to successive habitats as part of microbial cycles.escherichia coli o157:h7 gfp and salmonella enterica typhimurium gfp passed through six successive habitats within a microbial cycle. pathogen cultures were introduced into cow dung or fodder. microscopically observed cells and cfus were monitored in fodder, dung, dung-soil mix, rhizosphere and phyllosphere of cress or oat plants grown in infested dung-soil mix, and in excrements of snails or mice fed with contaminated cress or oat shoots. both methods were sensitive enough to monitor cells and ...201020397013
microbial transport from dairying under two spray-irrigation systems in canterbury, new zealand.transport through the soil and vadose zone to groundwater of escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and campylobacter spp. from pasturing of dairy cows was studied on two working dairy farms under a traveling irrigator and a center pivot system. leachate was collected from 1.5 m depth using a large linear lysimeter over a period of 4 yr after rainfall or irrigation applied using a traveling irrigator. there was little transport of fecal coliforms or campylobacter from irrigation applications of 55 m ...201020400578
"clickable" affinity ligands for effective separation of glycoproteins.in this paper, we present a new modular approach to immobilize boronic acid ligands that can offer effective separation of glycoproteins. a new "clickable" boronic acid ligand was synthesized by introducing a terminal acetylene group into commercially available 3-aminophenyl boronic acid. the clickable ligand, 3-(prop-2-ynyloxycarbonylamino)phenylboronic acid (2) could be easily coupled to azide-functionalized hydrophilic sepharose using cu(i)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction under m ...201020403604
application of chitosan-incorporated ldpe film to sliced fresh red meats for shelf life extension.chitosan lactate was impregnated as an antimicrobial additive into low density polyethylene (ldpe) with different concentrations. the antimicrobial effectiveness was tested with three pathogenic bacteria, specifically listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis. also, these chitosan incorporated films were applied on red meat surfaces to determine the effectiveness of chitosan on color shelf life extension and microbial growth inhibition. chitosan was exposed to 0.1% pept ...201020416821
the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of neodymium and iodine doped tio(2) nanoparticles.a series of photocatalysts were synthesized by neodymium and iodine doped tio(2). the characteristics of neodymium and iodine doped tio(2) were evaluated by x-ray diffraction (xrd), uv-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and scanning electronic microscope (sem). in the synthesis process, nd:i:tio(2) with different doping content (molar ratios) calcined at different temperature was designed. after the photocatalysts were synthesized under different condition, they were compared with each other by ph ...201020417077
detection of proteins and protein-ligand complexes using hgte nanostructure matrixes in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.we have analyzed peptides, proteins, and protein-drug complexes through surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (saldi-ms) using hgte nanostructures as matrixes. we investigated the effects of several parameters, including the concentration of the hgte nanostructures, the ph of the buffer, and the concentration of salt, on the performance of this system. when hgte nanostructures are used as matrixes, [m + h](+) ions were the dominant signals. relative to other commonly use ...201020438055
synthesis, characterization and biological study on cr(3+), zro(2+), hfo(2+) and uo(2)(2+) complexes of oxalohydrazide and bis(3-hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene)-oxalohydrazide.cr(3+), zro(2+), hfo(2+) and uo(2)(2+) complexes of oxalohydrazide (h(2)l(1)) and oxalyl bis(diacetylmonoxime hydrazone) [its iupac name is oxalyl bis(3-hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene)oxalohydrazide] (h(4)l(2)) have been synthesized and characterized by partial elemental analysis, spectral (ir; electronic), thermal and magnetic measurements. [cr(l(1))(h(2)o)(3)(cl)].h(2)o, [zro(hl(1))(2)].c(2)h(5)oh, [uo(2)(l(1))(h(2)o)(2)] [zro(h(3)l(2))(cl)](2).2h(2)o, [hfo(h(3)l(2))(cl)](2).2h(2)o and [uo(2)(h( ...201020451440
anti-escherichia coli o157:h7 activity of free fatty acids under varying ph.following screening of 4 strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 (e32511, e318n, h4420n, and r508n) for acid tolerance, strain h4420n was selected for further study into the influence of ph on bactericidal activity of 6 fatty acids (capric, lauric, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic). strain h4420n was cultured for 6 h in luria-bertani broth amended with individual fatty acids at 20 mmol/l, with ph adjusted to 7.0, 4.3, or 2.5. none of the fatty acids exhibited bactericidal activity at ph 7.0 ...201020453913
destruction of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus achieved during manufacture of whole-muscle beef jerkyin home-style dehydrators.adequate lethality in jerky manufacture destroys appropriate levels of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus. our goal was to evaluate the lethality of four home-style dehydrator processes against these pathogens. whole-muscle beef strips were inoculated with l. monocytogenes (five strains), s. aureus (five strains), or a mixed inoculum of e. coli o157:h7 (five strains) and salmonella (eight strains). after allowing for attachment, strips were ma ...201021219715
validation of lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid, and acidified sodium chlorite as decontaminating interventions to control escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium dt 104 in mechanically tenderized and brine-enhanced (nonintact) beef at the purveyor.after three different outbreaks were linked to the consumption of nonintact meat products contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7, the u.s. food safety and inspection service published notice requiring establishments producing mechanically tenderized and moisture-enhanced beef products to reassess their respective hazard analysis and critical control point systems, due to potential risk to the consumers. the objective of this study was to validate the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab), acidif ...201021219733
behavior of escherichia coli o157:h7 during the manufacture and aging of gouda and stirred-curd cheddar cheeses manufactured from raw milk.this study was conducted to examine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 during the manufacture and aging of gouda and stirred-curd cheddar cheeses made from raw milk. cheeses were manufactured from unpasteurized milk experimentally contaminated with one of three strains of e. coli o157:h7 at an approximate population level of 20 cfu/ml. samples of milk, whey, curd, and cheese were collected for enumeration of bacteria throughout the manufacturing and aging process. overall, bacterial counts in ...201021219739
a major ige epitope of rainbow trout collagen alpha2 chain.bovine collagen is allergenic and its major ige epitope has already been identified. fish collagen is also allergenic but shows no ige cross-reactivity with bovine collagen, implying that it has specific ige epitopes. therefore, this study was initiated to elucidate ige epitopes of rainbow trout collagen alpha2 chain. five overlapping proteins (r1-5; 221 or 225 amino acids long with an offset of 205 amino acids) covering the entire sequence of the rainbow trout collagen alpha2 chain were express ...201020827051
application of high pressure processing to reduce verotoxigenic e. coli in two types of dry-fermented sausage.the effect of high pressure processing (hpp) on the survival of verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) in two types of norwegian type dry-fermented sausages was studied. two different types of recipes for each sausage type were produced. the sausage batter was inoculated with 6.8 log(10) cfu/g of vtec o103:h25. after fermentation, drying and maturation, slices of finished sausages were vacuum packed and subjected to two treatment regimes of hpp. one group was treated at 600 mpa for 10 min and ano ...201020832952
cbsa-147 for the preparation of bacterial biofilms in a microchannel reactor.whole cells are attractive biocatalysts, particularly if the reaction requires cofactors or involves multiple transformations. immobilization of the catalyst is often a prerequisite for continuous processes. the highly cationic chemically modified plasma protein bovine serum albumin (cbsa-147) has been applied for the electrostatically mediated immobilization of the planktonic bacterium e. coli bl21 star (de3), and the resulting biofilms were superior to those formed on poly-l-lysine coated surf ...201021171712
chemo-bacterial synthesis and immunoreactivity of a brain hnk-1 analogue.this work reports the synthesis and the biological validation of a trisaccharide analogue of the hnk-1 epitope. the 3-o-sulfo-β-d-glcpa-(1→3)-β-d-galp-(1→4)-β-d-glcp-allyl has been prepared by enzymatic glucuronylation of allyl lactoside by an engineered recombinant escherichia coli strain followed by a chemoselective sulfation. subsequent covalent attachment of the ozone-oxidised trisaccharide to bovine serum albumin provided a neo-glycoconjugate, which has been interrogated with antibodies spe ...201021176892
high sensitive protein detection by hollow fiber membrane interface based protein enrichment and in situ fluorescence derivatization.a novel device, composed of a syringe pump for sample loading, a hydrophilic hollow fiber membrane interface for protein concentration and small molecules removal, and a centrifugation tube for buffer exchange, was designed for protein preconcentration and in situ fluorescence derivatization. with the outlet of the interface blocked, denatured proteins were continually introduced. restricted by the membrane with the molecular weight cutoff (mwco) of 3000da, proteins were concentrated within the ...201021123123
molecular typing of antimicrobial-resistant shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli strains (stec) in brazil.antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular characteristics were determined in thirty-two shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains previously identified in são paulo state associated with human infections (n = 21) and in cattle feces (n = 11). the highest resistance rates were identified for tetracycline (100%), streptomycin (78%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (56%). eleven stec strains showed resistance to ampicillin and carried bla(tem) that was confirmed as bla(tem-1) in ...201021126577
production of active recombinant eif5a: reconstitution in e.coli of eukaryotic hypusine modification of eif5a by its coexpression with modifying enzymes.eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (eif5a) is the only cellular protein that contains the polyamine-modified lysine, hypusine [n(ε)-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]. hypusine occurs only in eukaryotes and certain archaea, but not in eubacteria. it is formed post-translationally by two consecutive enzymatic reactions catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (dhs) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (dohh). hypusine modification is essential for the activity of eif5a and for eukaryotic cell prolifera ...201021131325
the effect of immunomodulating drugs on the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic lymphocytes in inflammatory infiltrations in the muscle tissue of mice infected with trichinella spiralis.in order to determine the effect of apoptosis and necrosis on the intensity of the muscular phase of infection by trichinella spiralis, male cfw mice were orally infected with t. spiralis larvae and treated with some immunomodulating drugs: calf thymus extract (tfx), lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli (lps), and dexametasone (dex). treatment with tfx increased the proportion of apoptotic lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of necrotic lymphocytes from 14 to 60 days after infection in ...201020731176
family outbreak of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o123:h-, france, 2009. 201020735944
development of a bacillus subtilis-based rotavirus vaccine.bacillus subtilis vaccine strains engineered to express either group a bovine or murine rotavirus vp6 were tested in adult mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. mice were inoculated intranasally with spores or vegetative cells of the recombinant strains of b. subtilis. to enhance mucosal immunity, whole cholera toxin (ct) or a mutant form (r192g) of escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (mlt) were included as adjuvants. to evaluate vac ...201020810679
[benefit of clinical and laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of endometritis in dairy cows].the goal of this work was to answer the question of whether or not there are significant differences between cows with abnormal vaginal discharge and cows with the diagnosis of puerperal or chronic endometritis, using blood and urine parameters. in addition, cows with and without vaginal discharge were examined for significant bacteriological differences in uterine mucous samples. the question of false positive and false negatives from the diagnosis of endometritis was also investigated. a total ...201020814859
incn plasmids carrying bla ctx-m-1 in escherichia coli isolates on a dairy farm.the aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli bovine isolates on a conventional dairy cattle farm with high consumption of parenteral and intramammary cephalosporins (farm a) and on an organic dairy farm with no cephalosporin use (farm b). esbl-producing e. coli were isolated from rectal swabs and milk filters by selective cultivation on macconkey agar with cefotaxime (2mg/l). esbl genes were identified by polymerase chai ...201021276666
transcriptional profiling of immune genes in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to bacterial antigens.the involvement of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and other immune signalling genes during challenge of bovine macrophages with bacterial products derived from disease-causing bacteria in cattle was investigated. an in vitro cell culture model of bovine monocyte derived macrophages (mdm) was established and these cells were exposed to purified protein derivative (ppd-b) derived from mycobacterium bovis and to lipopolysaccharide (lps) derived from escherichia coli. following 24h incubation, total rna ...201021242003
antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles in three different sizes and their nanocomposites with a new waterborne polyurethane.silver nanoparticles (agnps) are strong bactericidal agents but they are also cytotoxic. embedding them in a polymer matrix may reduce their cytotoxic effect. in the present study, agnps in three average sizes were tested for their antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity. nanocomposites from a new waterborne polyetherurethane (peu) ionomer and agnps were prepared without the use of any crosslinker. it was observed that the antibacterial activity of agnps against escherichia coli started at the ...201021187943
prevalence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in a survey of dairy cattle in najaf, iraq.dairy cattle have been implicated as principal reservoir of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec), with undercooked ground beef and raw milk being the major vehicles of food borne outbreaks. vtec has been implicated as an etiological agent of individual cases and outbreaks in developed countries. this study was designed to determine the prevalence of vetec in diarrheic dairy calves up to 20 days of age in najaf, iraq.201022347561
genetic parameters for pathogen-specific mastitis resistance in danish holstein cattle.the objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities for and genetic correlations among different pathogen-specific mastitis traits. the traits were unspecific mastitis, which is all mastitis treatments regardless of the causative pathogen as well as mastitis caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae, escherichia coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns), staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus uberis. also groups of pathogens were investigated, gram-negative v. gram-positive and contagious ...200922444442
an investigation of the quality of meat sold in lesotho.since the closure of the lesotho abattoir in 2003, only imported meat can be legally sold. however, it was estimated in 2007 that 80% of the meat sold at butcheries comes from informal slaughter. the aim of this study was to investigate the situation. the number and location of informal butcheries in lesotho (n = 143) were recorded and mapped using geographical information systems. observations (photographs) of informal slaughter indicated a lack of hygiene, unskilled slaughtermen and illegal di ...200920458865
minor modification to official method 2000.14, reveal for e. coli o157:h7 test in selected foods and environmental swabs (20-hour method): validation of the test for 375 g raw beef samples.a lateral flow immunoassay for escherichia coli o157:h7 (reveal e. coli o157:h7, 20-h version), previously validated for 25 g raw ground beef, raw beef cubes, apple cider, lettuce rinse, and environmental swab samples, has been validated for use in testing 375 g samples of raw ground beef and raw beef cubes. the reveal method, including culture confirmation of positive immunoassay results, was evaluated in comparison to the current reference culture procedure of the u.s. department of agricultur ...200919485202
functions of manduca sexta hemolymph proteinases hp6 and hp8 in two innate immune pathways.serine proteinases in insect plasma have been implicated in two types of immune responses; that is, activation of prophenoloxidase (propo) and activation of cytokine-like proteins. we have identified more than 20 serine proteinases in hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, but functions are known for only a few of them. we report here functions of two additional m. sexta proteinases, hemolymph proteinases 6 and 8 (hp6 and hp8). hp6 and hp8 are each composed of an amino-terminal clip d ...200919487692
characterisation of atypical enteropathogenic e. coli strains of clinical origin.enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) is a prominent cause of diarrhoea, and is characterised in part by its carriage of a pathogenicity island: the locus for enterocyte effacement (lee). epec is divided into two subtypes according to the presence of bundle-forming pili (bfp), a fimbrial adhesin that is a virulence determinant of typical epec (tepec), but is absent from atypical epec (aepec). because aepec lack bfp, their virulence has been questioned, as they may represent lee-positive shiga toxin-pr ...200919490652
effect of tenderizers combined with organic acids on escherichia coli o157:h7 thermal resistance in non-intact beef.non-intact beef products include beef cuts that have been ground, mechanically tenderized, restructured, or have been injected with solutions to enhance tenderness and/or flavor. this study examined the effects of tenderizing salts and organic acids on thermal inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in a ground beef model system simulating non-intact beef products. ground beef (95% lean; 700 g batches) was mixed (2 min) with nothing (c) or solutions (22 ml) of water (wa), calcium ascorbate (caa ...200919493583
ctx-m-type beta-lactamase in escherichia coli isolated from sick animals in korea.about 408 escherichia coli were isolated from sick farm animals and pets during 2003-2006. of these isolates, four strains showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. the bla(ctx-m-14) gene was encountered in three e. coli strains, each of which were isolated from two cows and a dog, respectively, and bla(ctx-m-15) was identified in an e. coli isolated from a pig. all bla(ctx-m) genes were found to be transferred. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern indicated that the ctx-m-ty ...200919496675
role of the general base glu-268 in nitroglycerin bioactivation and superoxide formation by aldehyde dehydrogenase-2.mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (aldh2) plays an essential role in nitroglycerin (gtn) bioactivation, resulting in formation of no or a related activator of soluble guanylate cyclase. aldh2 denitrates gtn to 1,2-glyceryl dinitrate and nitrite but also catalyzes reduction of gtn to no. to elucidate the relationship between aldh2-catalyzed gtn bioconversion and established aldh2 activities (dehydrogenase, esterase), we compared the function of the wild type (wt) enzyme with mutants lacking ...200919506075
molecular analysis of escherichia coli from retail meats (2002-2004) from the united states national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system.the origins and virulence potential of meat product-associated escherichia coli are undefined.200919508167
the escherichia coli o157:h7 ehab autotransporter protein binds to laminin and collagen i and induces a serum iga response in o157:h7 challenged cattle.enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) are a subgroup of shiga toxin-producing e.  coli that cause gastrointestinal disease with the potential for life-threatening sequelae. cattle serve as the natural reservoir for ehec and outbreaks occur sporadically as a result of contaminated beef and other farming products. while certain ehec virulence mechanisms have been extensively studied, the factors that mediate host colonization are poorly defined. previously, we identified four proteins (ehaa,b ...200919508554
[expression of the genes cela and xyla isolated from a fragment of metagenomic dna in escherichia coli].the glycosyl hydrolase genes cel5a and xyl3a previously isolated by ourselves within a fragment of dna from the methagenomic library of cow rumen microflora dna were sub-cloned and expressed in e. coli. the recombinant proteins cel5a and xyl3a were purified and characterized. cellulase cel5a belongs to the family 5 glycosyl hydrolases and is a one-module 38.2 kda enzyme that hydrolyses the 1,4-glycoside bonds of soluble cellulose substrates and amorphous cellulose, showing its maximal activity ( ...200919517808
genetic correlations between pathogen-specific mastitis and somatic cell count in danish holsteins.the aim of this study was to estimate genetic correlations (r(a)) between 2 lactation average somatic cell count (lascc) traits and 6 different mastitis traits in 226,482 first-parity danish holstein cows that calved between 1998 and 2008. the lascc traits were defined from 5 to either 170 d (lascc_170) or 300 d (lascc_300) after calving, and the mastitis traits were unspecific mastitis (all mastitis treatments, both clinical and subclinical, regardless of the causative pathogen) and mastitis ca ...200919528624
inhibition of uropathogens by lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy foods and cow's intestine in western nigeria.a total of 96 lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from african indigenous fermented products and cow's intestines to study their inhibitory capability against multi-drug-resistant uropathogens. escherichia coli accounted for approximately 45% of isolated uropathogens, followed by staphylococcus spp. (20%). the gram negative uropathogens were highly resistant to quinolones, co-trimoxazole, teicoplanin and some beta-lactams, while the staphylococcus spp. showed high resistance to aminoglycosi ...200919529917
global spread of mobile antimicrobial drug resistance determinants in human and animal escherichia coli and salmonella strains causing community-acquired infections.antimicrobial drugs used in human infection treatment and animal husbandry may select for drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, which are increasingly observed worldwide. we sought to examine the extent to which identical mobile drug resistance elements are shared across common pathogens isolated from human and animal sources.200919538087
recombinant expression and affinity purification of a novel epididymal human sperm-binding protein, bsph1.mammalian sperm undergo a series of maturation steps before acquiring fertilization competence. our previous work demonstrated the importance of binder of sperm (bsp) proteins in bovine sperm capacitation. recent studies identified a bsp-homologous dna sequence in the human genome (bsph1) and mrna expression in the epididymis. the aim of this study was to develop an efficient method to express and purify recombinant human bsph1. bsph1 accumulates in inclusion bodies when expressed with an n-term ...200919091820
cdna, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of ribosomal protein s25 gene (rps25) from the giant panda.rps25 is a component of the 40s small ribosomal subunit encoded by rps25 gene, which is specific to eukaryotes. studies in reference to rps25 gene from animals were handful. the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca), known as a "living fossil", are increasingly concerned by the world community. studies on rps25 of the giant panda could provide scientific data for inquiring into the hereditary traits of the gene and formulating the protective strategy for the giant panda. the cdna of the rps25 clo ...200919101821
arsenic(iii) species inhibit oxidative protein folding in vitro.the success of arsenic trioxide in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia has renewed interest in the cellular targets of as(iii) species. the effects of arsenicals are usually attributed to their ability to bind vicinal thiols or thiol selenols in prefolded proteins thereby compromising cellular function. the present studies suggest an additional, more pleiotropic, contribution to the biological effects of arsenicals. as(iii) species, by avid coordination to the cysteine residues of unfo ...200919102631
pathogen prevalence and influence of composted dairy manure application on antimicrobial resistance profiles of commensal soil bacteria.composting manure, if done properly, should kill pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7, providing for an environmentally safe product. over a 3-year period, samples of composted dairy manure, representing 11 composting operations (two to six samples per producer; 100 total samples), were screened for salmonella and e. coli o157:h7 and were all culture negative. nonpathogenic bacteria were cultured from these compost samples that could theoretically facilitate the sp ...200919105635
transcriptome profiling of streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis reveals fundamental differences between immune gene expression in the mammary gland and in a primary cell culture model.streptococcus uberis is a prevalent causative organism of mastitis and resides naturally in the environment of the dairy cow making prevention of the disease difficult. a bovine cdna microarray comprising approximately 22,000 expressed sequence tags was used to evaluate the transcriptional changes that occur in the mammary gland after the onset of clinical strep. uberis mastitis. five lactating friesian heifers were intramammary infused in an uninfected quarter with approximately 1,000 to 1,500 ...200919109270
evaluation of the control of pathogen load by an anti-salmonella bacterium in a herd of cattle with persistent salmonella infection.to determine whether an anti-salmonella bacterium is involved in control of pathogen load in persistently infected cattle herds.200919119953
supplemental fish oil does not alter immune competence or the pathophysiological response to an intramammary infusion of endotoxin in peri-partum multiparous holstein cows.the objective was to determine the effects of supplementing the diet with fish oil during the peri-partum period on the immune competence and the pathophysiological response to a lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis challenge. multiparous holstein cows (n=30) were completely randomized to one of two treatments at 3 weeks pre-partum. treatments differed only in the source of supplemental lipid and included either energy booster or fish oil. treatment diets were fed from -21 d relative to expected ...200919121237
monitoring major mastitis pathogens at the population level based on examination of bulk tank milk samples.the objective was to determine the proportions and bacterial counts of major mastitis pathogens in samples of bulk tank milk (btm), as well as to clarify the relationship between these bacteria counts and bulk tank somatic cell count (btscc). the purpose was to judge the importance of the counts of mammary pathogens for btscc at the population level. samples of btm were collected from 268 randomly selected anonymous dairy herds (with approximately 29 000 dairy cows). staphylococcus aureus, other ...200919121238
defatted bovine colostrum-supplemented diet around weaning improves exocrine pancreatic secretion by means of volume, digestive enzymes, and antibacterial activity.exocrine pancreatic secretion contributes to limit pathogenic bacteria-associated diarrhea. bovine colostrum, used in the treatment of diarrhea, reduces symptoms originating from gut pathogenic bacteria overgrowth. we hypothesized that bovine colostrum may stimulate the exocrine pancreatic secretion.200919136910
protective antigen detection using horizontally stacked hexagonal zno platelets.anthrax toxin detection before bacteremia, when toxin concentration is low, improves the chances of efficient treatment and cure. we present a novel technique for ultrasensitive detection of a protective antigen (pa(83)) of anthrax using an array of zinc oxide nanorods in conjunction with a fitc-labeled pa affinity peptide. the nanorods are composed of horizontally stacked hexagonal platelets which are uniformly spaced and grown unidirectionally upon a glass substrate via a new and simple techni ...200919400578
global quantitative proteomic profiling through 18o-labeling in combination with ms/ms spectra analysis.several stable-isotope-based peptide labeling methods have been developed to support large-scale relative quantitation, through mass spectrometry, of proteins present in two different biological samples. in one of these, trypsin-catalyzed 18o-based labeling, quantitation is typically performed at the full scan (ms) level by comparing the peak intensities of sister precursor ions corresponding to the labeled and unlabeled forms of an intact peptide as they co-elute during liquid chromatography (l ...200919400582
quantification of heparan sulfate disaccharides using ion-pairing reversed-phase microflow high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization trap mass spectrometry.the glycosaminoglycan (gag) family of biomacromolecules is composed acidic and linear chains of repeating disaccharide units. quantitative disaccharide composition analysis is essential for the study and characterization of gags. heparan sulfate and heparin consist of multiple disaccharide units and can be well-separated by ion-pairing reversed-phase microflow high-performance liquid chromatography (iprp-mf-hplc). each disaccharide can be detected and its mass confirmed by electrospray ionizatio ...200919402671
role of nitric oxide production in dairy cows naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.nitric oxide (no) is a crucial mediator in host defense and is one of the major killing mechanisms within macrophages. its induction is highly affected by the types of cytokines and the infectious agents present. in the current study, no production was evaluated after in vitro infection of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) after 8h, 3 and 6 days of culture for cows in different stages of disease. in addition, the effe ...200919409621
occurrence of foodborne bacteria in alberta feedlots.the occurrence of generic escherichia coli, e. coli o157, salmonella, and campylobacter in cattle manure, beef carcasses, catch basin water, and soils receiving manure application was determined in 21 alberta feedlots. in cattle manure, generic e. coli (98%, 2069/2100) and campylobacter (76%, 1590/2100) were frequently detected; e. coli o157 (7%, 143/2100) and salmonella (1%, 20/2100) were less frequently detected. samples from beef carcasses in the cooler following hazard analysis critical cont ...200919412396
influence of sprinklers, used to alleviate heat stress, on faecal shedding of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella and enterococcus in lactating dairy cattle.to determine the effect of sprinklers on faecal shedding of escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7 and salmonella in lactating dairy cattle.200919413804
effect of milk on antibacterial activity of tetracycline against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.the susceptibility of mastitis-causing escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus to two commonly used antibiotics, tetracycline and penicillin g, was tested in raw milk and in muller-hinton (mh) broth by introducing a ph indicator, bromocresol purple, which was shown to be a simple, sensitive, and rapid method. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of penicillin g in milk was the same as those in mh broth, whereas the mic of tetracycline in milk was 4 to 32 times that in mh. an irreversibl ...200919418049
molecular screening and risk factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves in egypt.the aim of the present study was to carry out molecular epidemiological investigation on enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k99 and salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves. fecal samples were obtained from 220 diarrheic calves at 9 farms related to four governorates in central and northern egypt. e. coli and salmonella spp. isolates were examined for e. coli k99 and salmonella spp. using pcr. etec k99 was recovered from 20 (10.36 %) out of 193 isolates, whereas salmonella spp. was reco ...200919419742
establishing relative release kinetics of faecal indicator organisms from different faecal matrices.a laboratory assay for comparative characterization of various faecal matrices with respect to faecal indicator organism (fio) release using, artificial rain water.200919422475
fluoresceination of fepa during colicin b killing: effects of temperature, toxin and tonb.we studied the reactivity of 35 genetically engineered cys sulphydryl groups at different locations in escherichia coli fepa. modification of surface loop residues by fluorescein maleimide (fm) was strongly temperature-dependent in vivo, whereas reactivity at other sites was much less affected. control reactions with bovine serum albumin showed that the temperature dependence of loop residue reactivity was unusually high, indicating that conformational changes in multiple loops (l2, l3, l4, l5, ...200919432807
evaluation of three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for detection of shiga toxin.three commercially available shiga toxin (stx) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits were evaluated for their ability to detect stx in pure cultures of stx-producing escherichia coli (specificity). the detection limits (sensitivity) of each elisa kit were also evaluated. seventy-eight stx-producing e. coli (stec) isolates that produced stx1, stx2, or stx1 and stx2 variants were examined in this study. the specificities of the tests were comparable, and the sensitivities of two of the te ...200919435221
defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle.uterine microbial disease affects half of all dairy cattle after parturition, causing infertility by disrupting uterine and ovarian function. infection with escherichia coli, arcanobacterium pyogenes, and bovine herpesvirus 4 causes endometrial tissue damage. toll-like receptors on endometrial cells detect pathogen-associated molecules such as bacterial dna, lipids, and lipopolysaccharide (lps), leading to secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. chemokines attract neutrop ...200919439727
[cloning, prokaryotic expression of cattle ghrelin gene and biological activity detection of the expressed protein].the cdna of cattle ghrelin gene was amplified from abomasum fundic gland mrna of qinchuan cattle by rt-pcr. pcr product was cloned into the t vector pgm-t to construct pgh-t1 for sequencing. then the cdna was subcloned into the prokaryotic expressing plasmid vector pet32a (+) and transformed into host escherichia coli strain bl21 (de3) for expression. the expression of pgh-32 mature ghrelin protein was induced by iptg and was identified by sds-page. the expression product was observed with solub ...200919441222
shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in beef and chicken burgers, and chicken carcasses in buenos aires, argentina.we describe the isolation and characterization of shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 from cooked and uncooked beef and chicken burgers and from chicken carcasses collected during sampling procedures in 2001 and 2002 in buenos aires city, argentina. of the 24 stec o157:h7 strains isolated, 20 were recovered from 19 (6.8%) out of 279 samples of beef and chicken burgers, and 4 strains from 4 (10.3%) out of 39 chicken carcasses. the samples were analyzed following the usda/f ...200919443067
adjuvant effect of bovine heat shock protein 70 on piroplasm surface protein, p33, of theileria sergenti.in this study, we investigated the immunological effects of bovine heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) on the major theileria sergenti surface protein (p33). the gene encoding p33 was expressed as a fusion protein with bovine hsp70 from a plasmid vector. the adjuvant function of hsp70 on p33 was evaluated with regard to antibody response, cytokine production, and a challenge experiment in mice or cattle. hsp-p33 fusion protein provoked higher humoral and cellular immunity than either escherichia coli- ...200919443238
cell population, viability, and some key immunomodulatory molecules in different milk somatic cell samples in dairy cows.immune cells in the milk are most important in combating pathogens that invade the mammary gland. this study investigated the immune competence and viability of somatic milk cells that are already resident in milk and udders free of infection. cells were studied in freshly removed milk to simulate conditions in the udder. effects of incubation, cell preparation, and immunological stimulation with 0.5 mug/ml lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli were analysed. viability and differential ...200919445829
quarter and cow risk factors associated with the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows in the united kingdom.quarter and cow risk factors associated with the development of clinical mastitis (cm) during lactation were investigated during a 12-mo longitudinal study on 8 commercial holstein-friesian dairy farms in the southwest of england. the individual risk factors studied on 1,677 cows included assessments of udder and leg hygiene, teat-end callosity, and hyperkeratosis; body condition score; and measurements of monthly milk quality and yield. several outcome variables for cm were used for statistical ...200919447987
real-time polymerase chain reaction-based identification of bacteria in milk samples from bovine clinical mastitis with no growth in conventional culturing.in more than 30% of milk samples from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis, bacteria fail to grow even after 48 h of conventional culture. the "no-growth" samples are problematic for mastitis laboratories, veterinarians, and dairy producers. this study provides the first investigation of the bacteriological etiology of such samples, using a real-time pcr-based commercial reagent kit. the assay targets the dna of the 11 most common bacterial species or groups in mastitis and the staphylococca ...200919447993
changes in escherichia coli o157:h7 numbers during holding on excised lean, fascia and fat beef surfaces at different temperatures.to investigate changes in escherichia coli o157:h7 numbers on excised beef carcass surfaces over 72 h at different temperatures.200919457044
rapid quantification of salmonella typhimurium inoculated to meat products by real-time pcr.the objective of this study was to use a 5'-nuclease (taqman) real-time pcr method with primers and probe specific to the spaq gene as a rapid approach to quantitatively determine salmonella typhimurium. the result showed that the correlation coefficient between real-time pcr estimates and bovine serum albumin (bsa) plate counts of s. typhimurium was 0.99, independently of 10(5)-fold numbers of bystander escherichia coli o157:h7 or total viable counts. the sensitivity of the real-time quantitati ...200919457771
genotypic diversity of escherichia coli in a dairy farm.dairy cattle are known reservoirs of pathogenic escherichia coli, but little is known about the dynamics of e. coli in dairy cows or within the dairy farm environment. this study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of e. coli strains in a dairy farm using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and to determine the relationships between e. coli isolated from feces and throughout the farm environment. water from watering troughs, feces from cows, manure composites, milk, and milk fi ...200919459756
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