Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| structure-function study of the amino-terminal stretch of the catalase subunit molecule in oligomerization, heme binding, and activity expression. | analysis of the protein structure of bovine liver catalase suggested that the n-terminal region containing two alpha-helices may function as a linker binding to another subunit. the number of amino-acid residues in catalase from the n-alkane-assimilating yeast candida tropicalis (ctc) is the lowest of any eukaryotic catalase molecule hitherto investigated, and only one helix, corresponding to the helix alpha2 in bovine liver catalase, is estimated to be present in the same region. in the present ... | 2003 | 12764563 |
| progesterone increases susceptibility of gilts to uterine infections after intrauterine inoculation with infectious bacteria. | in cattle and sheep, a progestogenated uterus is susceptible to infections, but this is not well documented for pigs. therefore, the effects of day of the estrous cycle and progesterone on the susceptibility to uterine infections were evaluated. gilts (n = 5 per group) were assigned to treatments in 2 x 2 factorial arrays. in exp. 1, day of cycle and bacterial challenge were main effects. on d 0 or 8, uteri were inoculated with either 70 x 10(7) cfu of escherichia coli and 150 x 10(7) cfu of arc ... | 2003 | 12772852 |
| a comparison of dna extraction and purification methods to detect escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle manure. | the extraction of dna from manure and the subsequent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of virulence genes to detect pathogens require an effective method of purification. four different methods were assessed for their effectiveness in extracting and purifying escherichia coli o157:h7 dna from cattle manure: phenol/chloroform purification, phenol/chloroform/sepharose b4 spin columns, phenol/chloroform/polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (pvpp) spun columns, and mo bio ultraclean kit. a pcr assay ... | 2003 | 12782372 |
| antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from dairy cow milk samples submitted for bacterial culture: 8,905 samples (1994-2001). | to determine whether antimicrobial resistance patterns of major mastitis pathogens isolated from milk samples from dairy cows have changed over time. | 2003 | 12784967 |
| recombinant bovine soluble cd14 reduces severity of experimental escherichia coli mastitis in mice. | endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (lps), is responsible for pathogenesis of infections induced by gram-negative bacteria, such as e. coli. the cellular response to lps is modulated by interactions among lps, lps-binding protein (lbp) and cd14. accumulated evidence shows that the soluble form of cd14 (scd14) competes with membrane-bound cd14 (mcd14) for lps and plays a pivotal role in regulating bacterial infection and septic shock caused by gram-negative bacteria. recombinant bovine scd14 (rboscd ... | 2003 | 12791240 |
| bovine mastitis in selected areas of southern ethiopia. | a study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern ethiopia. a total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous zebu, 85 jersey and 60 holstein-friesian. were examined by clinical examination and the california mastitis (cmt) test. of these, 40.4% were positive by cmt and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevale ... | 2003 | 12797409 |
| pathogenicity of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in neonatal calves and evaluation of fecal shedding by treatment with probiotic escherichia coli. | the pathogenicity and fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26:h11, o111:nm, and o157:h7 were compared in calves (< 1 week of age) with or without prior treatment with probiotic bacteria (competitive exclusion e. coli). three groups of 12 to 14 calves were used for these treatments. half of the calves in each group were perorally administered 10(10) cfu of probiotic bacteria per calf, and, 2 days thereafter, 10(8) cfu of a five-strain mixture with one of the three ehec ser ... | 2003 | 12800990 |
| antitumour activity and specificity as a function of substitutions in the lipophilic sector of helical lactoferrin-derived peptide. | a peptide l5 (pawrkafrwawrmlkkaa), derived from the n-terminal alpha-helical region of bovine lactoferrin (lfb 14-31), that is highly active against several tumour cell lines was reported earlier. in this study, a number of l5 analogues were designed in order to investigate how subsequent replacements of the aromatic amino acids in l5 with three amino acids representing different structural parameters influenced antitumour activity and tumour cell specificity relative to normal human cells. the ... | 2003 | 12803496 |
| antibiotic resistance in animals. | there is currently no systematic surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic resistance in australian animals. registration of antibiotics for use in animals is tightly controlled and has been very conservative. fluoroquinolones have not been registered for use in food producing animals and other products have been removed from the market because of human health concerns. in the late 1970s, the animal health committee coordinated a survey of resistance in salmonella and escherichia coli isolates fr ... | 2003 | 12807287 |
| surveillance for antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens from the perspective of a regional diagnostic laboratory. | the toowoomba veterinary laboratory tests for antibiotic resistance through passive surveillance of bacterial pathogens from diseased, frequently intensively managed, animals. testing is carried out on the basis of the number of animals involved, the nature and severity of the disease and the identity and significance of the bacterium, the results guiding the submitting veterinarian in implementing appropriate treatment. the antibiotics chosen for testing are those that are currently registered ... | 2003 | 12807288 |
| rapid sample preparation method for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef. | to develop an improved, rapid and sensitive sample preparation method for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef. | 2003 | 12807462 |
| field trials on the prophylaxis of intramammary infections in pregnant heifers. | the study was carried out in 5 farms on 174 pregnant heifers. clinical examination of the udder and bacteriological tests of quarter secretion were performed between the 8th and 3rd week before parturition, and then the animals were divided into a control group (64 heifers) and 3 experimental groups and immediately treated. a group of 32 experimental heifers was injected once with antioxidants (vitamin a--600,000 i.u.; vitamin d3--200,000 i.u.; vitamin e--1.5 mg/kg b.w., selenium--0.022 mg/kg b. ... | 2003 | 12817782 |
| sensitivity of methods for the isolation of escherichia coli o157 from naturally infected bovine faeces. | at present, no standard protocol has been described to detect the presence of escherichia coli o157 in cattle faeces. therefore, the sensitivity of 26 different isolation methods was determined in order to recommend a method of choice. faeces samples from 17 different beef cattle at a farm previously found positive for e. coli o157 were subdivided into a total of 40 samples. it was not known whether the 17 cattle shed e. coli o157 at the time of sampling. at another farm where cattle have been f ... | 2003 | 12829388 |
| occurrence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy herds in the west littoral region in uruguay. | twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the west littoral region of uruguay. in samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20 degrees c during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. no bacteria grew ... | 2002 | 12831175 |
| glutamate counteracts the denaturing effect of urea through its effect on the denatured state. | the urea induced equilibrium denaturation behavior of glutaminyl-trna synthetase from escherichia coli (glnrs) in 0.25 m potassium l-glutamate, a naturally occurring osmolyte in e. coli, has been studied. both the native to molten globule and molten globule to unfolded state transitions are shifted significantly toward higher urea concentrations in the presence of l-glutamate, suggesting that l-glutamate has the ability to counteract the denaturing effect of urea. d-glutamate has a similar effec ... | 2003 | 12844489 |
| efficient hsp90-independent in vitro activation by hsc70 and hsp40 of duck hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase, an assumed hsp90 client protein. | hsp90 is a specialized chaperone that controls the activity of many key regulator proteins such as steroid hormone receptors (shrs). hormone binding, and therefore shr activation, requires hsp90, which is loaded onto the receptors by a series of events involving hsp70, hsp40, hop, and p23. the reverse transcriptase (rt) of hepatitis b viruses, small dna-containing viruses that replicate via an rna intermediate, has been reported to depend similarly on hsp90 for enzymatic activity. using an in vi ... | 2003 | 12851401 |
| preparation of recombinant rat eosinophil-associated ribonuclease-1 and -2 and analysis of their biological activities. | rat eosinophils contain eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (ears) in their granules. ears are thought to be synthesized as pre-forms and stored in the granules as mature forms. however, the n-terminal amino acid of mature ear-1 and ear-2 is still controversial. therefore, we prepared two recombinant mature forms of ear-1 and ear-2 in which the n-terminal amino acids are ser24 (s) [ear-1 (s) and ear-2 (s)] and gln26 (q) [ear-1 (q) and ear-2 (q)], and analyzed their biological activities by compa ... | 2003 | 12853122 |
| transfer of a rifampicin-resistant escherichia coli strain among feedlot cattle. | to determine the incidence of transfer of a naturally occurring rifampicin-resistant strain of escherichia coli (rrec) among cattle in a research feedlot. | 2003 | 12859774 |
| susceptibility of escherichia coli and enterococcus faecium isolated from pigs and broiler chickens to tetracycline degradation products and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in e. coli from food animals. | one hundred escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs, cattle and broiler chickens were screened for the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(a), (b), (c), (d) or (e). the tet(a) gene was the most abundant (71% of the 100 isolates) followed by tet(b) (25%). the predominance of tet(a) and tet(b) applied to all three animal species, and there was no difference between the distribution of tet(a) and tet(b) genes among non-pathogenic and pathogenic e. coli in any of the anima ... | 2003 | 12860079 |
| is pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strain mz5t suitable as a probiotic? an in vitro study. | rumen bacterium pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strain mz5t possessed a potent xylanolytic enzyme system consisting of at least 7 different xylan hydrolases with molar mass 27-145 kda. three of them were successfully isolated in active native form. this strain produced butyrate and lactate on different saccharides. cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid was also detected in the culture medium. bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances of mz5t were active against some strains of rumen bacteria and ... | 2003 | 12879743 |
| prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface waters of southern alberta and its relation to manure sources. | the oldman river watershed in southern alberta, canada, is an extensively irrigated region in which intensive agricultural practices have flourished. concern over water quality in the basin has been expressed because of high levels of enteric disease indigenous to the region. to address these concerns, we conducted a 2-year study to estimate the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface water within the basin. this study is the first of its kind to identify e. coli o1 ... | 2003 | 12897826 |
| characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 from downer and healthy dairy cattle in the upper midwest region of the united states. | while cattle in general have been identified as a reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7, there are limited data regarding the prevalence and clonality of this pathogen in downer dairy cattle and the potential impact to human health that may occur following consumption of meat derived from downer dairy cattle. in the present study, conducted at two slaughter facilities in wisconsin between may and october of 2001, we established a higher prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in fecal and/or tissue sample ... | 2003 | 12902258 |
| detection of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111 and o145 from bovine faeces using immunomagnetic separation and pcr/dna probe techniques. | the aim of this study was to isolate escherichia coli o26, o103, o111 and o145 from 745 samples of bovine faeces using (i) immunomagnetic separation (ims) beads coated with antibodies to lipopolysaccharide, and slide agglutination (sa) tests and (ii) pcr and dna probes for the detection of the verocytotoxin (vt) genes. | 2003 | 12904221 |
| genomic approach to identification of mycobacterium bovis diagnostic antigens in cattle. | differential delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing with tuberculin purified protein derivatives from mycobacterium bovis and m. avium is the standard for diagnosing bovine tuberculosis. however, improved tests based on defined, specific antigens are urgently needed. in the present study, a combination of bioinformatics, molecular biology, and bovine models of infection were used to screen mycobacterial proteins for their potential as diagnostic reagents which could be used in a whole-blood ... | 2003 | 12904381 |
| presence of activatable shiga toxin genotype (stx(2d)) in shiga toxigenic escherichia coli from livestock sources. | stx2d is a recently described shiga toxin whose cytotoxicity is activated 10- to 1000-fold by the elastase present in mouse or human intestinal mucus. we examined shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from food and livestock sources for the presence of activatable stx(2d). the stx(2) operons of stec were first analyzed by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and categorized as stx(2), stx(2c vha), stx(2c vhb), or stx(2d eh250). subsequently, the stx(2c ... | 2003 | 12904389 |
| effect of intramammary escherichia coli endotoxin in early- vs. late-lactating dairy cows. | we investigated the differences in the effect of intramammarily infused endotoxin for cows in early (el) and late (ll) lactation. in this crossover study, nine cows were challenged twice with 100 microg of intramammarily infused escherichia coli 0111:b4 lps, each cow serving its own control. systemic and local signs were recorded throughout the experiment to assess the severity of each cow's response. daily milk yield and indicators of inflammation in blood and milk were also recorded. the respo ... | 2003 | 12906049 |
| l-selectin and beta2-integrin expression on circulating bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during endotoxin mastitis. | the aim of this in vivo study was to examine the effect of intramammarily administered endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) on the expression of l-selectin (cd62l) and the beta2-integrin subunits cd11b and cd18 on circulating bovine pmn. six early lactating cows were infused with escherichia coli lps. the adhesion molecules under study were stained at the cell surface and analyzed flow cytometrically. in addition, some of the clinical parameters associated with adhesion molecule mobilization such ... | 2003 | 12906050 |
| fate of coliform bacteria in composted beef cattle feedlot manure. | the link between livestock production, manure management, and human health has received much public attention in recent years. composting is often promoted as a means of sanitizing manure to ensure that pathogenic bacteria are not spread to a wider environment during land application. in a two-year study (1998 and 1999) in southern alberta, we examined the fate of coliform bacteria during windrow composting of cattle (bos taurus) manure from feedlot pens bedded with cereal straw or wood chips. n ... | 2003 | 12931908 |
| acid resistance of escherichia coli o157:h7 from the gastrointestinal tract of cattle fed hay or grain. | there has been strong debate as to whether feeding cattle hay prior to slaughter will reduce the number and/or virulence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in the bovine gastrointestinal tract (git). this study addressed this issue by comparing numbers, persistence, and acid resistance of generic coliforms and e. coli o157:h7 from various gastrointestinal tract sites of cattle fed grain or hay. mature angus steers, doubly cannulated into the rumen and duodenum were inoculated with e. coli o157:h7. aliq ... | 2003 | 12935748 |
| subtyping intimin genes from enteropathogenic escherichia coli associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases in the united kingdom and eire. | pcr-rflp methods for subtyping the intimin gene from strains of typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec) were compared. a novel hhai pcr-rflp method was developed that was rapid, easy to use and amplified an 1852 bp fragment of the intimin gene from all isolates examined. this method was used to investigate the intimin sub-types of epec strains associated with 14 outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease between 1967 and 2001, and 20 sporadic ... | 2003 | 12944116 |
| enhanced production of alpha-galactosyl epitopes by metabolically engineered pichia pastoris. | a metabolically engineered pichia pastoris strain was constructed that harbored three heterologous enzymes: an s11e mutated sucrose synthase from vigna radiata, a truncated udp-glucose c4 epimerase from saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a truncated bovine alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase. each gene has its own methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promoter and transcription terminator on the chromosomal dna of p. pastoris strain gs115. the proteins were coexpressed intracellularly under the induction ... | 2003 | 12957908 |
| thermodynamics of heme binding to the hasa(sm) hemophore: effect of mutations at three key residues for heme uptake. | hasa(sm) secreted by the gram-negative bacterium serratia marcescens belongs to the hemophore family. its role is to take up heme from host heme carriers and to shuttle it to specific receptors. heme is linked to the hasa(sm) protein by an unusual axial ligand pair: his32 and tyr75. the nucleophilic nature of the tyrosine is enhanced by the hydrogen bonding of the tyrosinate to a neighboring histidine in the binding site: his83. we used isothermal titration microcalorimetry to examine the thermo ... | 2003 | 12962486 |
| calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, a novel therapeutic drug for lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated diseases, attenuates lps toxicity in mice and piglets. | it has been demonstrated that human placental alkaline phosphatase (hplap) attenuates the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated inflammatory response, likely through dephosphorylation of the lipid a moiety of lps. in this study, it is demonstrated that also alkaline phosphatase derived from calf intestine (ciap) is able to detoxify lps. in mice administered ciap, 80% of the animals survived a lethal escherichia coli infection. in piglets, previous to lps detoxification, the pharmacokinetic behavior ... | 2003 | 12970380 |
| studies of the bactericidal action of phagocytin. | the bactericidal activity of phagocytin on gram-negative enteric bacilli is influenced by the reaction of the medium; the more acid the environment, the more marked is the activity. phagocytin exerts approximately the same action whether citrate, acetate, or phosphate salts are used as buffer, and the addition of glucose, casein hydrolysate, or cation binding agents does not produce notable change. although proteins in general have but little effect, the inclusion in the medium of a high concent ... | 1956 | 13319581 |
| studies on the metabolic function of branched-chain volatile fatty acids, growth factors for ruminococci. i. incorporation of isovalerate into leucine. | allison, milton j. (dairy cattle research branch, u. s. department of agriculture, beltsville, md.), m. p. bryant, and r. n. doetsch. studies on the metabolic function of branched-chain volatile fatty acids, growth factors for ruminococci. i. incorporation of isovalerate into leucine. j. bacteriol. 83:523-532. 1962.-ruminococcus flavefaciens strain c94, a cellulolytic rumen bacterium, requires either isobutyrate or isovalerate for growth. the organism was grown in the presence of c(14)-labeled i ... | 1962 | 13860621 |
| galactosidase action on human blood group b active escherichia coli and on red cell substances. | the blood group b specificity of escherichia coli o(86) antigen, a b specific oligosaccharide fraction from it, and the b activity of a preparation of an "infectious mononucleosis receptor" from cattle erythrocytes are destroyed by alpha-galactosidase from the coffee bean, as demonstrated for the e. coli antigen by three methods. blood group h(o) activity appears simultaneously. galactose is the only hexose released from all three substances. | 1964 | 14202031 |
| escherichia coli associated with colostrum-free neonatal pigs raised in isolation. | escherichia coli 08 was the most frequent coliform isolated from the blood and liver of morbid and dead neonatal, colostrum-free piglets raised under extremely sanitary conditions. this strain accounted for 67 per cent of the typable e. coli. the next most numerous strain occurred at a frequency of 6 per cent. hence, e. coli 08 was considered the main coli enteropathogen in our experimental, isolated environment. in random samples of the feces of healthy and diarrhetic neonatal piglets, 24 per c ... | 1962 | 14463349 |
| heterogeneous surface expression of espa translocon filaments by escherichia coli o157:h7 is controlled at the posttranscriptional level. | type iii secretion systems of enteric bacteria enable translocation of effector proteins into host cells. secreted proteins of verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 strains include components of a translocation apparatus, espa, -b, and -d, as well as "effectors" such as the translocated intimin receptor (tir) and the mitochondrion-associated protein (map). this research has investigated the regulation of lee4 translocon proteins, in particular espa. espa filaments could not be detected on the bact ... | 2003 | 14500511 |
| molecular characterization of escherichia coli o157 contamination routes in a cattle slaughterhouse. | in a cattle slaughterhouse, sampling was performed over a 1-week period to examine the prevalence and possible contamination routes of escherichia coli o157. each sampling day, swab samples were collected from the slaughterhouse environment before onset of slaughter, from the slaughterline, and from 20 successively slaughtered animals. isolation of e. coli o157 consisted of a 6-hour enrichment followed by immunomagnetic separation and selective plating. from the 394 samples taken, 84 (21%) were ... | 2003 | 14503706 |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains bind bovine milk gangliosides in a ceramide-dependent process. | diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the main infectious disease of newborn calves. the first step of infection involves bacterial attachment to the intestinal mucosa. this adhesion is mediated by fimbriae that recognize some glycoconjugates on the host cell surface, in particular, several gangliosides. because milk also contains gangliosides, these have been suggested to serve as ligands for bacterial fimbriae and thus prevent the bacterial attachment to mucosa. the mos ... | 2003 | 14506839 |
| aetiology of bovine abortion in argentina. | necropsies were performed on 354 fetuses from dairy and beef herds submitted from 1994 to 2000 to the diagnostic laboratories at instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria, balcarce, argentina. samples from the fetuses were examined for pathogenic organisms and processed for microscopic examination. an aetiological diagnosis was made for 161 (45.5%) of the fetuses. no diagnosis was made for 193 (54.5%) fetuses. infectious agents were isolated from 122 (34.4%) of the fetuses, bacterial agents ... | 2003 | 14509450 |
| an evaluation of rapid methods for detecting escherichia coli o157 on beef carcasses. | numbers of escherichia coli o157 in food may be low and sensitive techniques are therefore needed for its detection. the objectives of this study were to use carcass meat samples artificially inoculated with various strains of e. coli o157 to compare the sensitivity of enrichment in three different media and to compare immunomagnetic separation followed by culture of magnetic beads to cefixime tellurite sorbitol macconkey agar with three immunoassays for the detection of e. coli o157 in the enri ... | 2003 | 14527800 |
| bedding and seasonal effects on chemical and bacterial properties of feedlot cattle manure. | nutrients, soluble salts, and pathogenic bacteria in feedlot-pen manure have the potential to cause pollution of the environment. a three-year study (1998-2000) was conducted at a beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlot in southern alberta, canada to determine the effect of bedding material [barley (hordeum vulgare l.) straw versus wood chips] and season on the chemical and bacterial properties of pen-floor manure. manure was sampled for chemical content (n, p, soluble salts, electrical conductivity, a ... | 2003 | 14535334 |
| expression vehicles used in recombinant dna technology. | we survey cloning vehicles whose function is to carry and express a gene in host cells including escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells. in e. coli these include vehicles based on the lac operon, the trp operon, the rho leftward operon, and the reca gone; open reading frame cloning vehicles are also discussed, as are steps that can be taken to extrude a gene product from the cell and the use of plasmids with runaway replication. in s. cerevisiae we discuss vehicles based ... | 1983 | 14540892 |
| severity of e. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors. | intramammary infections of dairy cows with gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of s. aureus isol ... | 2003 | 14556694 |
| vtec o157 in cattle. | 2003 | 14567669 | |
| variation of high mannose chains of tamm-horsfall glycoprotein confers differential binding to type 1-fimbriated escherichia coli. | tamm-horsfall glycoprotein (thp), the most abundant protein in mammalian urine, has been implicated in defending the urinary tract against infections by type 1-fimbriated escherichia coli. recent experimental evidence indicates that the defensive capability of thp relies on its single high mannose chain, which binds to e. coli fimh lectin and competes with mannosylated uroplakin receptors on the bladder surface. here we describe several major differences, on both structural and functional levels ... | 2004 | 14570881 |
| protein refolding assisted by self-assembled nanogels as novel artificial molecular chaperone. | molecular chaperone-like activity for protein refolding was investigated using nanogels of self-assembly of cholesterol-bearing pullulan. nanogels effectively prevented protein aggregation (i.e. carbonic anhydrase and citrate synthase) during protein refolding from gdmcl denaturation. enzyme activity recovered in high yields upon dissociation of the gel structure in which the proteins were trapped, by the addition of cyclodextrins. the nanogels assisted protein refolding in a manner similar to t ... | 2003 | 14572636 |
| removal of endotoxin by reverse phase hplc abolishes anti-endothelial cell activity of bacterially expressed plasminogen kringle 5. | the success of recombinant protein expression/purification in escherichia coli depends on a high-fidelity system rendering purified proteins free of confounding contaminants such as endotoxin. here we report on the expression and purification of a cryptic plasminogen-derived domain, kringle 5, which was previously reported to specifically inhibit endothelial cell growth and, therefore, angiogenesis. using a histidine (his)-tag expression and ni(+)-nta agarose purification system identical to pre ... | 2003 | 14579737 |
| selection and characterization of peptide memitopes binding to ricin. | a combinatorial random peptide display library expressed in e. coli was employed to identify short, linear peptide sequences that showed affinity for ricin and could be used as reagents for detection and identification of ricin. one peptide, p3, from a collection of four short peptides showed specific binding to ricin. the kinetic analysis of this peptide binding to the ricin showed lower equilibrium binding constants for the peptide p3 than monoclonal antibody. this is attributed due to both sl ... | 2003 | 14584927 |
| increased levels of lps-binding protein in bovine blood and milk following bacterial lipopolysaccharide challenge. | several species of gram-negative bacteria, including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and various species of enterobacter, are common mastitis pathogens. all of these bacteria are characterized by the presence of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (lps) in their outer membrane. the bovine mammary gland is highly sensitive to lps, and lps has been implicated, in part, in the pathogenesis of gram-negative mastitis. recognition of lps is a key event in the innate immune response to gram-negati ... | 2003 | 14594231 |
| c-reactive protein and antibacterial activity in blood plasma of colostrum-fed calves and the effect of lactulose. | several milk proteins are very important for immunological defense and can be absorbed in the intestine of calves in the first hours after birth. the influence of colostrum intake and the effect of additional lactulose application on the concentration of c-reactive protein (crp) in blood were investigated. the crp is known as a mediator of innate immunity. results were compared to the bovine acute phase protein haptoglobin, and to lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulins in plasma from calv ... | 2003 | 14594250 |
| phenotypic and molecular characteristics of typical and atypical escherichia coli o157, clinical and food isolates. | enrichment, colony isolation and confirmation are three general phases of a standard diagnostic method. e. coli o 157 (the main member of ehec group) differs metabolically from other strains of e. coli in a number of ways. most isolates are slow- or non-fermenters of sorbitol and lack the enzyme beta-glucuronidase (gud). but, a variety of atypical strains of e. coli o157 (sorbitol-fermenting variants, nonmotile and gud-positive) have been reported. the discovery of these atypical pathogenic stra ... | 2003 | 14594402 |
| correlation between geographic distance and genetic similarity in an international collection of bovine faecal escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates. | evidence from epidemiological and molecular studies of bovine escherichia coli o157:h7 suggests that strains are frequently transmitted across wide geographic distances. to test this hypothesis, we compared the geographic and genetic distance of a set of international bovine escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates using the mantel correlation. for a measure of genetic relatedness, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of six different restriction enzyme digests was used to generate an average dice similari ... | 2003 | 14596534 |
| precise and efficient cleavage of recombinant fusion proteins using mammalian aspartic proteases. | expression of recombinant proteins as translational fusions is commonly employed to enhance stability, increase solubility and facilitate purification of the desired protein. in general, such fusion proteins must be cleaved to release the mature protein in its native form. the usefulness of the procedure depends on the efficiency and precision of cleavage and its cost per unit activity. we report here the development of a general procedure for precise and highly efficient cleavage of recombinant ... | 2003 | 14600208 |
| immune response to a mucosally administered aflatoxin b1 vaccine. | in the present study, a mucosal vaccine was used in an effort to elicit serum igg and intestinal secretory iga against the mycotoxin aflatoxin b1 (afb) in chickens. afb was coupled to carrier proteins (bsa and porcine thyroglobulin) for use as a vaccine and elisa coating antigen, respectively. seven-day-old broiler chicks were divided into groups of 10 and immunized with one of four vaccine preparations: 1) afb-bsa conjugate alone, 2) afb-bsa linked to the b subunit of the recombinant heat-labil ... | 2003 | 14601734 |
| rectoanal mucosal swab culture is more sensitive than fecal culture and distinguishes escherichia coli o157:h7-colonized cattle and those transiently shedding the same organism. | enrichment and direct (nonenrichment) rectoanal mucosal swab (rams) culture techniques were developed and compared to traditional fecal culture for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in experimentally infected and naturally infected cattle. holstein steers (n = 16) orally dosed with e. coli o157:h7 were sampled after bacterial colonization starting 15 days postinoculation. enrichment rams cultures (70.31% positive) were more sensitive than enrichment fecal cultures with 10 g of feces (46. ... | 2003 | 14605119 |
| distribution of intimin subtypes among escherichia coli isolates from ruminant and human sources. | the intimin gene eae, located within the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, distinguishes enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and some shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains from all other pathotypes of diarrheagenic e. coli. epec is a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, and intimin-positive stec isolates are typically associated with life-threatening diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. here we describe the dev ... | 2003 | 14605134 |
| toward an international standard for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157. part 1. assay development and multi-center validation. | as part of a major european research project, a diagnostic pcr assay, including an internal amplification control, was developed and validated in a collaborative trial for the detection of escherichia coli o157. the assay is based on amplification of sequences of the rfbe o157 gene. the collaborative trial, including 12 international laboratories, was carried out in two phases: phase (a) was performed with identical pcr reagents, including the internal control, provided by the sending laboratory ... | 2003 | 14607420 |
| properties of recombinant human cytosolic sialidase hsneu2. the enzyme hydrolyzes monomerically dispersed gm1 ganglioside molecules. | recombinant human cytosolic sialidase (hsneu2), expressed in escherichia coli, was purified to homogeneity, and its substrate specificity was studied. hsneu2 hydrolyzed 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-neuac, alpha 2-->3 sialyllactose, glycoproteins (fetuin, alpha-acid glycoprotein, transferrin, and bovine submaxillary gland mucin), micellar gangliosides gd1a, gd1b, gt1b, and alpha 2-->3 paragloboside, and vesicular gm3. alpha 2-->6 sialyllactose, colominic acid, gm1 oligosaccharide, whereas micellar ... | 2004 | 14613940 |
| roles of individual enzyme-substrate interactions by alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase in catalysis and specificity. | the retaining glycosyltransferase, alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha3gt), is mutationally inactivated in humans, leading to the presence of circulating antibodies against its product, the alpha-gal epitope. alpha3gt catalyzes galactose transfer from udp-gal to beta-linked galactosides, such as lactose, and in the absence of an acceptor substrate, to water at a lower rate. we have used site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the roles in catalysis and specificity of residues in alpha3gt tha ... | 2003 | 14621997 |
| effect of chemical dehairing on the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and the levels of aerobic bacteria and enterobacteriaceae on carcasses in a commercial beef processing plant. | the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that cleaning cattle hides by removing hair and extraneous matter before hide removal would result in improved microbiological quality of carcasses in commercial beef processing plants. to test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of chemical dehairing of cattle hides on the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and the levels of aerobic bacteria and enterobacteriaceae on carcasses. samples from 240 control (conventionally processed ... | 2003 | 14627275 |
| optimization of enrichment and plating procedures for the recovery of escherichia coli o111 and o26 from minced beef. | optimization of enrichment media and selective agars for the detection of escherichia coli o26 and o111 from minced beef. | 2003 | 14633022 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and factors affecting the shedding of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella in dairy cattle. | to examine factors affecting faecal shedding of the foodborne pathogens escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in dairy cattle and evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. | 2003 | 14633110 |
| implication of virulence factors in escherichia coil o157:h7 pathogenesis. | since the first documented outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 in 1982, numerous publications have demonstrated or proposed putative components implicated in the pathogenesis of this gastrointestinal infection. indeed, escherichia coli o157:h7 pathogenesis is linked to several potential virulent factors such as verotoxins (or shiga-like toxins), components implicated in attaching/effacing of microvilli, and the enterohemolysin phenotypes. defining the precise molec ... | 2003 | 14636040 |
| the influence of organic load on the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of naocl and chlorhexidine in vitro. | to evaluate bacterial growth after contact with sodium hypochlorite (naocl; 1 and 5%) and chlorhexidine (chx; 0.12, 0.5 and 1%) in vitro with or without the addition of organic material (bovine serum albumin (bsa) 0.5%). | 2003 | 14641423 |
| steroidal regulation of uterine resistance to bacterial infection in livestock. | postpartum uterine infections reduce reproductive efficiency and have significant animal welfare and economic consequences. postpartum uterine infections are classified as nonspecific, but arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli are usually associated with them in cattle and sheep. pyometra is the most common type of uterine infection in dairy cattle, and it is detected almost exclusively in cows with active corpora lutea. luteal progesterone typically down-regulates uterine immune functio ... | 2003 | 14641941 |
| the effect of the intramammary infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin on ovulation in lactating dairy cows. | the purpose of this experiment was to determine if intramammary inflammation during the periovulatory period affects the occurrence of ovulation in lactating dairy cows. ten lactating, cyclic, holstein dairy cows received 2 injections of prostaglandin f2alpha at eleven-day intervals, to synchronize luteolysis. the day of the second injection was designated as day 0. ovulation was anticipated to occur 3-5 days later (on days 3-5). beginning at the morning milking on day 1, cows received intramamm ... | 2002 | 14666151 |
| effect of lipopolysaccharide infusion on serum macromineral and vitamin d concentrations in dairy cows. | four multiparous lactating cows (175 to 220 d in milk) were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to assess the effects of four doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 microg/kg of body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (lps; escherichia coli 0111:b4) on circulating concentrations of macrominerals and vitamin d metabolites. treatments were dissolved in 100 ml of sterile saline and infused intravenously over a period of 100 min. blood was sampled immediately before infusion (0 h), at 60-min intervals for 8 h, and at ... | 2003 | 14672173 |
| results of milk samples submitted for microbiological examination in wisconsin from 1994 to 2001. | the objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of milk samples submitted for microbiological examination at the wisconsin veterinary diagnostic laboratory between 1994 and 2001. results (n = 83,650) of microbiological testing of milk samples (n = 77,172) submitted to the wisconsin veterinary diagnostic laboratory from january 1994 until june 2001 were analyzed. submissions included milk samples obtained from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis as well as samples obtained f ... | 2003 | 14672176 |
| influence of extended acid stressing in fresh beef decontamination runoff fluids on sanitizer resistance of acid-adapted escherichia coli o157:h7 in biofilms. | this study evaluated resistance to sanitizing solutions of escherichia coli o157:h7 cells forming biofilms on stainless steel coupons exposed to inoculated meat decontamination runoff fluids (washings). a previously acid-adapted culture of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of e. coli o157:h7 strain atcc 43895 was inoculated in unsterilized or sterilized combined hot-water (85 degrees c) and cold-water (10 degrees c) (50/50 [vol/vol]) composite water (w) washings (ph 6.29 to 6.47) and in w washin ... | 2003 | 14672222 |
| the nano-tag, a streptavidin-binding peptide for the purification and detection of recombinant proteins. | we present a new streptavidin-binding peptide for both the purification and the detection of recombinant proteins. the peptide possesses nanomolar-affinity for streptavidin and therefore was termed nano-tag. the nano-tag(15) is 15 amino acids long and binds to streptavidin with a dissociation constant of 4 nm and the nano-tag(9) is a 9-mer peptide with a dissociation constant of 17 nm. we demonstrate the one-step purification of nano-tagged proteins, namely bovine heart fatty acid-binding protei ... | 2004 | 14680960 |
| plant cell-based intimin vaccine given orally to mice primed with intimin reduces time of escherichia coli o157:h7 shedding in feces. | intimin is the primary adhesin of escherichia coli o157:h7, the most common infectious cause of bloody diarrhea in the united states and the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome. cattle are the primary reservoir of e. coli o157:h7. indeed, most cases of e. coli o157:h7 infection in the united states occur after ingestion of contaminated undercooked hamburger or produce that had contact with bovine manure. because intimin is required for persiste ... | 2004 | 14688094 |
| a phosphoprotein from the archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus with protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. | sulfolobus solfataricus contains a membrane-associated protein kinase activity that displays a strong preference for threonine as the phospho-acceptor amino acid residue. when a partially purified detergent extract of the membrane fraction from the archaeon s. solfataricus that had been enriched for this activity was incubated with [gamma-(32)p]atp, radiolabeled phosphate was incorporated into roughly a dozen polypeptides, several of which contained phosphothreonine. one of the phosphothreonine- ... | 2004 | 14702316 |
| a gapc chimera retains the properties of the streptococcus uberis wild-type gapc protein. | the gapc products of streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus dysgalactiae, and streptococcus uberis share considerable homology at the dna and amino acid levels. the high similarity at the protein level suggests that one gapc protein might be used as a single antigen to protect dairy cows against infections with the contagious s. agalactiae and the environmental s. dysgalactiae and s. uberis strains. despite their similarities, immunization with the s. dysgalactiae gapc did not protect dairy cow ... | 2004 | 14711517 |
| frozen storage of escherichia coli o157 in buffered peptone water and its detection on bovine carcasses. | the adaptation of a standard escherichia coli o157 isolation method involving immunomagnetic separation and a period of frozen storage was investigated. a series of experiments was designed to test the recovery of a bovine strain of e. coli o157 from buffered peptone water after a period of frozen storage at -80 degrees c. the effects of the addition of glycerol at 5 and 10%, freezing time, the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the method of freezing and the method of thawing, the inclusion of a res ... | 2004 | 14717349 |
| genotypes and phenotypes of shiga toxin producing-escherichia coli isolated from healthy cattle in thailand. | shiga toxin producing-escherichia coli (stec) has not yet been identified as an important aetiologic agent of human disease in thailand. to evaluate the potential for stec to contribute to human disease in thailand, 139 fecal samples were collected from healthy cattle from five different provinces and analysed by genotypic and phenotypic methods for stec. of 139 samples, 27 (19.4%) were positive for stx1 and/or stx2 by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, or for o157 lipopolysaccharide (lps) by ... | 2004 | 14720491 |
| effect of phosphophoryn on rhbmp-2-induced bone formation. | in the present study, dentin phosphophoryn (dpp) derived from fresh bovine dentin was evaluated as a co-factor for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) in rhbmp-2-induced bone formation in rats. a 5 microg amount of escherichia coli-derived rhbmp-2 variant was combined with dpp cross-linked to type i collagen (2.4 microg dpp/360 microg collagen), acting as carrier. next, rhbmp-2/dpp/collagen composites were implanted by onlay-grafting beneath the cranial periosteum in 4-week- ... | 2004 | 14725816 |
| antimicrobial resistance of commensal escherichia coli from dairy cattle associated with recent multi-resistant salmonellosis outbreaks. | the use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock is suspected to contribute to bacterial antimicrobial resistance (ar) development. dairy farms experiencing recent outbreaks of salmonellosis involving multi-resistant (mr) salmonella strains were compared to control farms with respect to ar among bovine commensal e. coli isolates. for most antimicrobials tested, the percentage of ar e. coli isolated from salmonellosis-affected farms was significantly higher than that from control farms. calf e. coli f ... | 2004 | 14738782 |
| the effect of milk production level on host resistance of dairy cows, as assessed by the severity of experimental escherichia coli mastitis. | this study investigated the possible effects of milk production level on the host resistance of dairy cows. high (n = 18) and low (n = 18) producing cows on a research farm, which respectively produced 11 443 and 7 727 kg milk in their previous lactation, were compared. to enhance the possible differences in host resistance between high and low producing cows, the animals in both groups were metabolically stressed by overfeeding during the dry period or were fed according to requirements, result ... | 2003 | 14746768 |
| changes in vitamin c concentrations in plasma and milk from dairy cows after an intramammary infusion of escherichia coli. | plasma and milk concentrations of ascorbic acid and dehydro-l-ascorbic acid (dhaa) were measured before and after 21 holstein cows (approximately 26 dim) were given an intramammary infusion of escherichia coli. blood, milk from the unchallenged quarters, and milk from the challenged gland were sampled immediately before challenge (d 0) and 24 h and 7 d postchallenge. plasma vitamin c (ascorbic acid + dhaa) concentrations decreased 39%, and concentrations of vitamin c and ascorbic acid in milk fr ... | 2004 | 14765807 |
| associations between pathogen-specific cases of clinical mastitis and somatic cell count patterns. | associations were estimated between pathogen-specific cases of clinical mastitis (cm) and somatic cell count (scc) patterns based on deviations from the typical curve for scc during lactation and compared with associations between pathogen-specific cm and lactation average scc. data from 274 dutch herds recording cm over an 18-mo period were used. pathogens found were staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, escherichia coli, streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis, stre ... | 2004 | 14765815 |
| pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in lactating cows after repeated intramuscular administrations and pharmacodynamics against mastitis isolated strains. | the plasma and milk pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibacterial compound, were evaluated in dairy cows, as well as its pharmacodynamic characteristics against mastitis-isolated pathogens. marbofloxacin was given intramuscularly as a 10% aqueous solution to dairy cows either at a single dose or at repeated doses of 2 mg/kg once daily for 3 d. blood and milk samples were collected for the determination of the concentration of marbofloxacin and of its putative metabolites: n- ... | 2004 | 14765828 |
| oxidized groel can function as a chaperonin. | here, we report on the facilitated reactivation (85%) of oxidatively inactivated rhodanese by an oxidized form of the molecular chaperone groel (ox-groel). reactivation by ox-groel required a reductant, and the enzyme substrate, sodium thiosulfate. also, we found that ox-groel formed a complex with oxidatively inactivated rhodanese as shown by differential centrifugation and fluorescence spectroscopy. ox-groel was obtained upon incubation of native groel for 16 h with 5 mm hydrogen peroxide. und ... | 2004 | 14766403 |
| role of calf-adapted escherichia coli in maintenance of antimicrobial drug resistance in dairy calves. | the prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria is typically highest in younger animals, and prevalence is not necessarily related to recent use of antimicrobial drugs. in dairy cattle, we hypothesize that antimicrobial drug-resistant, neonate-adapted bacteria are responsible for the observed high frequencies of resistant escherichia coli in calves. to explore this issue, we examined the age distribution of antimicrobial drug-resistant e. coli from holstein cattle at a local dairy and co ... | 2004 | 14766551 |
| cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase from escherichia coli k1 is a bifunctional enzyme: identification of minimal catalytic domain for synthetase activity and novel functional domain for platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity. | escherichia coli cmp-neuac synthetase (ec 2.7.7.43) catalyzes the synthesis of cmp-neuac from ctp and neuac, which is essential for the formation of capsule polysialylate for strain k1. alignment of the amino acid sequence of e. coli cmp-neuac synthetase with those from other bacterial species revealed that the conserved motifs were located in its n termini, whereas the c terminus appeared to be redundant. based on this information, a series of deletions from the 3'-end of the cmpneuac synthetas ... | 2004 | 14960566 |
| protocol for evaluating the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride as a beef hide intervention. | the objective of this study was to establish the necessary protocols and assess the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) as an antimicrobial intervention on beef cattle hides. experiments using cpc were conducted to determine (i) the methods of neutralization needed to obtain valid efficacy measurements, (ii) the effect of concentration and dwell time after treatment, (iii) the effect of cpc on hide and carcass microbial populations when cattle were treated at a feedlot and then transporte ... | 2004 | 14968962 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 in the gallbladders of experimentally infected calves. | fifteen weaned calves (age 89-141 days) were treated with dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg, iv) for 3 days before, the day of, and the day after inoculation with 10 colony-forming units of either escherichia coli o157:h7 (strain 86-24, which produces shiga toxin 2 and intimin; n = 13) or nonpathogenic e. coli (strain 123, which does not produce shiga toxin or intimin; n = 2). all calves were necropsied 4 days after inoculation. histologic lesions of attaching and effacing bacteria were observed in the ... | 2004 | 14974852 |
| shiga toxin 1 targets bovine leukemia virus-expressing cells. | direct evidence that escherichia coli shiga toxin (stx) acts against bovine leukemia virus (blv)-expressing cells was obtained. the active a subunit of stx type 1 (stxa1) targeted a selected population of permeable cells expressing blv and inhibited blv replication in a culture of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. cells were cultured with and without stxa1, and at various times cells expressing blv were identified by being stained with mw1 monoclonal antibody specific for the blv protei ... | 2004 | 14977999 |
| effect of endotoxins on contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum. | the effects of endotoxin (et) on spontaneous contractility and of carbachol- and alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-(alpha-m-5-ht; 5-ht2 receptor agonist) induced contractions of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum were investigated in vitro. preparations from the abomasal antrum of freshly slaughtered healthy dairy cows were cut parallel to the longitudinal and circular fibres, suspended in isolated organ baths, and contractility was recorded and analyzed, using digitalized ... | 2004 | 14983752 |
| one- and two-dimensional miniaturized electrophoresis of proteins with native fluorescence detection. | miniaturized electrophoresis was successfully coupled with native fluorescence detection for direct analysis of proteins in one- and two-dimensional separations. the detection setup was based on direct observation of the uv-induced fluorescence of proteins using a ccd camera and a hg (xe) lamp for sample excitation. protein mixtures were readily separated by size on a 1-cm segment of the one-dimensional gel in 8 min, and a detection limit of 0.04 ng per band was achieved. the dynamic range of th ... | 2004 | 14987093 |
| four-year survey of urinary tract infections in calves in israel. | the prevalence of urinary tract infections in calves aged seven days to three months in three dairy cattle herds ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 per cent, with an average of 1.1 per cent. the mortality rate reached 16.1 per cent. the morbidity rate of the female calves was 1.4 per cent and that of the male calves 0.8 per cent. the bacteria isolated from urine, and from vaginal and preputial swabs were escherichia coli (35 per cent), corynebacterium renale (14 per cent), plasma coagulase-negative staphylo ... | 2004 | 14994858 |
| otitis in cattle, an aetiological review. | otitis externa in cattle has a significant impact in tropical and subtropical regions, and the aetiological agents are predominantly rhabditiform nematodes and mites of the genus raillietia. its prevalence is higher in mature and zebu cattle. in advanced clinical cases there can be irreversible and fatal neural lesions. ear infection in calves has been associated with concurrent respiratory diseases and mixed infection. the principal reported agents of otitis in calves are bacteria such as actin ... | 2004 | 14995970 |
| high diversity among environmental escherichia coli isolates from a bovine feedlot. | approximately 280 escherichia coli isolates were isolated from a bovine feedlot at the university of connecticut campus via enrichment in lauryl tryptose broth and random selection from macconkey plates. the e. coli subspecies diversity was estimated by employing whole-cell box-pcr genomic fingerprints. a total of 89 distinct operational taxonomic units (otus) were identified by employing a criterion of 85% fingerprint similarity as a surrogate for an otu, while the chao1 index estimated the e. ... | 2004 | 15006775 |
| evaluation of a real-time pcr kit for detecting escherichia coli o157 in bovine fecal samples. | a commercially available real-time, rapid pcr test was evaluated for its ability to detect escherichia coli o157. both the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 99% for isolates in pure culture. the assay detected 1 cfu of e. coli o157:h7 g(-1) in artificially inoculated bovine feces following enrichment. | 2004 | 15006817 |
| cloning of bovine mail and its mrna expression in white blood cells of holstein cows. | molecule possessing ankyrin-repeats induced by lipopolysaccharide (mail) is known as an ikappab protein induced after administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) to mice. in the present study, we cloned bovine mail cdna and examined its mrna expression in white blood cells isolated from holstein cows. bovine mail had more than 80% amino acid identities with murine and human mails, highly conserved ankyrin-repeat motifs and pest-like sequences. bovine mail mrna was undetectable in isolat ... | 2004 | 15010226 |
| assessment of the california mastitis test usage in smallholder dairy herds and risk of violative antimicrobial residues. | this study evaluated how predictive the california mastitis test (cmt) is for sub-clinical mastitis under tropical smallholder dairy production conditions in kenya. it intended to establish whether the cmt usage could be contributing to misdiagnosis and consequent mistreatment with animal drugs resulting in residue problems. milk samples (n = 239) were aseptically collected from lactating cows in the rift valley of kenya and tested using the cmt, somatic cell counts (scc) and bacterial culture. ... | 2004 | 15028880 |
| non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic calves in argentina. | faecal samples from 76 diarrhoeic calves belonging to 36 farms located in the pampas plain, argentina, were examined for shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). a total of 15 stec strains were isolated from 12 (15.8%) calves which came from six different farms. all stx positive strains assayed by pcr were also positives in the vero cell cytotoxicity test. the majority (60.0%) of the stec strains carried the stx(1) gene. twelve (80.0%) of the stec isolates which belonged to serotypes o5:h- ... | 2004 | 15030606 |
| fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in manure compost-amended soil and on carrots and onions grown in an environmentally controlled growth chamber. | studies were done to determine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in manure compost-amended soil and on carrots and green onions grown in an environmentally controlled growth chamber. commercial dairy cattle manure compost was inoculated with a five-strain mixture of green fluorescent protein-labeled e. coli o157:h7 at 10(7) cfu g(-1) and mixed with unsterilized tifton sandy loam soil at a ratio of 1:5. baby carrot or green onion seedlings were planted into the manure compost-amended soil in p ... | 2004 | 15035376 |
| testing two lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus strains for their suitability as a lipoid probiotic. | two strains of lactobacilli (lactobacillus acidophilus t-135 and lactobacillus plantarum 4/97) were selected in order to study their inhibitory properties against frequent udder pathogens (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus uberis, salmonella enteritidis and bacillus pumilus), their production of organic acids as well as their ability to survive on the teat skin, the teat duct mucosa and in a lipoid emulsion. both strains inhibited the tested pathoge ... | 2004 | 15046462 |