Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| redox properties of the [2fe-2s] center in the 24 kda (nqo2) subunit of nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i). | the redox properties of the [2fe-2s] cluster in the 24 kda subunit of bovine heart mitochondrial nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i) and three of its homologues have been defined using protein-film voltammetry. the clusters in all four examples display characteristic, ph-dependent redox transitions, which, unusually, can be masked by high ionic strength conditions. at low ionic strength (10 mm nacl) the reduction potential varies by approximately 100 mv between high and low ph limits (ph ... | 2002 | 12146970 |
| verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) other than serogroup o157 from scottish cattle. | 2002 | 12148605 | |
| simple parameterization of non-proteinogenic amino acids for qsar of antibacterial peptides. | the antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferricin-(17-31)-pentadecapeptide against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus is sensitive to substitution of the trp residues, and synthetic peptides with phenylalanine and any of eight non-proteinogenic aromatic amino acids greatly affected antibiotic activity. using simple size-related descriptors for the new amino acids it is possible to develop quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsars) that can be used as tools in the search for m ... | 2002 | 12148779 |
| combined use of two genetic fingerprinting methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping, for characterization of escherichia coli o157 isolates from food animals, retail meats, and cases of human disease. | two genetic fingerprinting techniques, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and ribotyping, were used to characterize 207 escherichia coli o157 isolates from food animals, foods of animal origin, and cases of human disease (206 of the isolates were from the united kingdom). in addition, 164 of these isolates were also phage typed. the isolates were divided into two general groups: (i) unrelated isolates not known to be epidemiologically linked (n = 154) and originating from food animals, food ... | 2002 | 12149334 |
| towards the development of selective amine oxidase inhibitors. mechanism-based inhibition of six copper containing amine oxidases. | four substrate analogs, 4-(2-naphthyloxy)-2-butyn-1-amine (1), 1,4-diamino-2-chloro-2-butene (2), 1,6-diamino-2,4-hexadiyne (3), and 2-chloro-5-phthalimidopentylamine (4) have been tested as inhibitors against mammalian, plant, bacterial, and fungal copper-containing amine oxidases: bovine plasma amine oxidase (bpao), equine plasma amine oxidase (epao), pea seedling amine oxidase (psao), arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase (agao), escherichia coli amine oxidase (ecao), and pichia pastoris lys ... | 2002 | 12153561 |
| membrane reconstitution of recombinant guinea pig cytochrome p45017alpha and the effects of site-directed mutagenesis on androgen formation. | although cytochrome p45017alpha catalyzes the formation of androgen from both pregnenolone and progesterone, the production of androstenedione from progesterone is a major pathway in the guinea pig, rat, mouse, and hamster. in contrast, human, bovine and sheep p45017alpha produce dehydroepiandrosterone from pregnenolone. cytochrome p45017alphas from all of these animals have high homology in the amino acid sequence around the 340-370 region. to investigate the substrate preferences for androgen ... | 2002 | 12163137 |
| effect of salivary gland extracts from the tick, boophilus microplus, on leucocytes from brahman and hereford cattle. | the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from boophilus microplus on peripheral blood lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes from brahman (bos indicus) and hereford (bos taurus) cattle was investigated. sge (8 micro g) significantly inhibited the proliferation response of lymphocytes to concanavalin a from both brahman and hereford cattle by 89% and 41%, respectively. the difference in inhibition between the two breeds was highly significant (p < 0.01), whilst at 1 micro g of sge, significant ... | 2002 | 12164821 |
| prevalence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in slurry, farmyard manure and sewage sludge in france. | the aims of the present study were to determine vtec prevalence in manure, slurry and sewage sludge in france and to characterize the vtec strains isolated (virulence genes and serotype). | 2002 | 12174046 |
| geographic variability of escherichia coli ribotypes from animals in idaho and georgia. | several genotypic methods have been developed for determining the host origin of fecal bacteria in contaminated waters. some of these methods rely on a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. it is not well understood to what degree these host origin isolates are geographically variable (i.e., cosmopolitan or endemic). this is important because a geographically limited host origin database may or may not be universally applicable. the objective of our study was to use one genoty ... | 2002 | 12175046 |
| cdna cloning, high-level expression, purification, and characterization of an avian cu,zn superoxide dismutase from peking duck. | as a special species of avian, peking duck is often used as a model for exploring effective factors against cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and therefore investigations of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase are intriguing. by using 3(')-race with a gene-specific primer, a cdna encoding duck cu,zn sod was amplified from the total rna extracted from peking duck liver. three free cysteine residues are found in the deduced amino acid sequence of duck sod, among which cys153 at the c ... | 2002 | 12182817 |
| [evaluation of practical usefulness of selected phenotypic and genotypic markers for pathogenicity of enterotoxic and entero-hemorrhagic strains of e.coli. ]. | this study included a description of enterotoxic and verocytotoxic activity of thirty strains of e. coli and their ability to produce beta-haemolysis in a ram blood medium. enterotoxic and verocytoxic activity was determined by using rpla test. the synthesis of enterotoxin lt was observed in 10 strains and the production of e. coli shiga toxins type 1--stx1 (1 strain) or type 2 (2 strains) was observed in 3 strains of serotype o157: h7. the beta-haemolytic characteristics in vitro were demonstra ... | 2002 | 12185692 |
| photocatalytic oxidation of bacteria, bacterial and fungal spores, and model biofilm components to carbon dioxide on titanium dioxide-coated surfaces. | we report carbon mass balance and kinetic data for the total oxidation of cells, spores, and biomolecules deposited on illuminated titanium dioxide surfaces in contact with air. carbon dioxide formation by photocatalytic oxidation of methanol, glucose, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, bacillus subtilis (cells and spores), aspergillus niger spores, phosphatidylethanolamine, bovine serum albumin, and gum xanthan was determined as a function of time. the quantitative data provide mass balance ... | 2002 | 12188373 |
| an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm. | outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. we describe an outbreak among visitors to a pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals. | 2002 | 12192014 |
| importance of glutamate 279 for the coenzyme binding of human glutamate dehydrogenase. | although the structure of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) has been reported from various sources including mammalian gdh, there are conflicting views regarding the location and mechanism of actions of the coenzyme binding. we have expanded these speculations by photoaffinity labeling and cassette mutagenesis. photoaffinity labeling with a specific probe, [(32)p]nicotinamide 2-azidoadenosine dinucleotide, was used to identify the nad(+) binding site within human gdh encoded by the synthetic human g ... | 2002 | 12193607 |
| adenoviral-mediated transfer of a lysostaphin gene into the goat mammary gland. | as a step toward preventing and curing staphylococcus aureus mastitis, an adenoviral-mediated gene transfer technique was used to enable mammary cells to synthesize and secrete lysostaphin, an anti-staphylococcal protein. a lysostaphin gene, modified for eukaryotic expression of the bioactive variant, gln125,232-lysostaphin, was inserted into a replication deficient adenovirus by homologous recombination in 293 cells. the resulting adenoviral vector containing the modified lysostaphin gene (ad-l ... | 2002 | 12201521 |
| antimicrobial activity of short arginine- and tryptophan-rich peptides. | highly antimicrobial active arginine- and tryptophan-rich peptides were synthesized ranging in size from 11 to five amino acid residues in order to elucidate the main structural requirement for such short antimicrobial peptides. the amino acid sequences of the peptides were based on previous studies of longer bovine and murine lactoferricin derivatives. most of the peptides showed strong inhibitory action against the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the gra ... | 2002 | 12212806 |
| [antimicrobial, echinococcidial and immunostimulating properties of the drug cheblin-sk-1]. | the antimicrobial properties of the drug cheblin-ck-1 (cck-1) were determined in mice intraabdominally inoculated with proteus mirabilis-4691 in a dose of 140-200 million daily cultured microbial bodies. its comparison agent was ampicillin. cck-1 was found to act as an antibiotic similar to ampicillin in its effects. the antimicrobial activity of cck-1 against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli isolated from the contents of echinococcal cysts from patients operated on was also establishe ... | 2002 | 12224264 |
| selection of recently isolated colicinogenic escherichia coli strains inhibitory to escherichia coli o157:h7. | escherichia coli strains were screened for their ability to inhibit e. coli o157:h7. an initial evaluation of 18 strains carrying previously characterized colicins determined that only colicin e7 inhibited all of the e. coli o157:h7 strains tested. a total of 540 strains that had recently been isolated from humans and nine different animal species (cats, cattle, chickens, deer, dogs, ducks, horses, pigs, and sheep) were tested by a flip-plating technique. approximately 38% of these strains were ... | 2002 | 12233846 |
| beta-lactamases in ampicillin-resistant escherichia coli isolates from foods, humans, and healthy animals. | tem-, shv-, and oxa-type beta-lactamases were studied by pcr with 124 ampicillin-resistant (amp(r)) escherichia coli isolates recovered from foods of animal origin (n = 20) and feces of humans (n = 49) and healthy animals (n = 55). pcr showed that 103 isolates were positive for tem and negative for shv and oxa. three e. coli isolates showed a positive reaction for oxa, and one showed a positive reaction for shv. the remaining 17 e. coli isolates were negative for the three enzymes by pcr. fifty- ... | 2002 | 12234838 |
| antimicrobial properties of milk: dependence on presence of xanthine oxidase and nitrite. | human and bovine milk inhibited the metabolic activity of escherichia coli, as shown by luminescence monitoring of constructs expressing the luxcdabe genes. inhibition was dependent on both xanthine oxidase (xo) activity and on the presence of nitrite, implying that xo-generated nitric oxide functions as an antibacterial agent. | 2002 | 12234868 |
| transgenic mice harboring murine luteinizing hormone receptor promoter/beta-galactosidase fusion genes: different structural and hormonal requirements of expression in the testis, ovary, and adrenal gland. | in vivo regulation of the lh receptor (lhr) promoter was studied using transgenic (tg) mice harboring fusion genes containing three different lengths of the lhr promoter (7.4 kb, 2.1 kb, and 173 bp), fused with coding sequence of the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene. the length of the lhr promoter significantly affected the pattern of beta-gal expression. in the testis the shortest promoter directed expression primarily of the full-length beta-gal mrna, but mainly tru ... | 2002 | 12239121 |
| flgm gains structure in living cells. | intrinsically disordered proteins such as flgm play important roles in biology, but little is known about their structure in cells. we use nmr to show that flgm gains structure inside living escherichia coli cells and under physiologically relevant conditions in vitro, i.e., in solutions containing high concentrations (>/=400 g/liter) of glucose, bsa, or ovalbumin. structure formation represents solute-induced changes in the equilibrium between the structured and disordered forms of flgm. the re ... | 2002 | 12271132 |
| prevalence and characterization of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli on carcasses in commercial beef cattle processing plants. | beef carcass sponge samples collected from july to august 1999 at four large processing plants in the united states were surveyed for the presence of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). twenty-eight (93%) of 30 single-source lots surveyed included at least one sample containing non-o157 stec. of 334 carcasses sampled prior to evisceration, 180 (54%) were found to harbor non-o157 stec. non-o157 stec isolates were also recovered from 27 (8%) of 326 carcasses sampled after the a ... | 2002 | 12324330 |
| multiplex fluorogenic real-time pcr for detection and quantification of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy wastewater wetlands. | surface water and groundwater are continuously used as sources of drinking water in many metropolitan areas of the united states. the quality of water from these sources may be reduced due to increases in contaminants such as escherichia coli from urban and agricultural runoffs. in this study, a multiplex fluorogenic pcr assay was used to quantify e. coli o157:h7 in soil, manure, cow and calf feces, and dairy wastewater in an artificial wetland. primers and probes were designed to amplify and qu ... | 2002 | 12324331 |
| assurance enzyme immunoassay eight hour method for detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in raw and cooked beef (modification of aoac official method 996.10): collaborative study. | aoac official method 996.10, assurance enzyme immunoassay (eia) for escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec), was modified to incorporate a new enrichment protocol using biocontrol ehec8 medium for testing raw and cooked beef. foods were tested by eia and the u.s. department of agriculture/food safety and inspection service (usda/fsis) enrichment conditions and the fda bacteriological analytical manual (bam) isolation and confirmation techniques. a total of 14 collaborators participated. raw and cooked g ... | 2002 | 12374401 |
| growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 in raw ground beef stored at 10 degrees c and the influence of competitive bacterial flora, strain variation, and fat level. | pure-culture broth-based models of the growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 have been used to estimate its behavior in ground beef, even though these models have not been adequately validated for this food product. this situation limits accurate estimates of the behavior of e. coli o157:h7 in ground beef and introduces uncertainties in risk assessments. in the present study, the growth of single and multiple strains of e. coli o157:h7 were measured in retail ground beef stored at 10 degrees c for ... | 2002 | 12380736 |
| antibacterial activity of pepsin-digested lactoferrin on foodborne pathogens in buffered broth systems and ultra-high temperature milk with edta. | to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in peptone yeast extract glucose (pyg) broth and ultra-high temperature (uht) milk of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate (lfh) with pepsin against the foodborne pathogens salmonella stanley, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. | 2002 | 12392532 |
| ca2+-myristoyl switch in the neuronal calcium sensor recoverin requires different functions of ca2+-binding sites. | recoverin is an ef-hand ca(2+)-binding protein that is suggested to control the activity of the g-protein-coupled receptor kinase grk-1 or rhodopsin kinase in a ca(2+)-dependent manner. it undergoes a ca(2+)-myristoyl switch when ca(2+) binds to ef-hand 2 and 3. we investigated the mechanism of this switch by the use of point mutations in ef-hand 2 (e85q) and 3 (e121q) that impair their ca(2+) binding. ef-hand 2 and 3 display different properties and serve different functions. binding of ca(2+) ... | 2002 | 12393897 |
| consequences of ehec colonisation in humans and cattle. | while many factors have been associated with human ehec infection, the full role these play in both human and ruminant hosts are not yet clear despite much investigation. it is hoped that the continued intense international research effort into ehec will provide further insights into the commensal versus pathogenic lifestyles of e. coli and lead to approaches to reduce ehec carriage in ruminants as well as prevent or treat human disease. | 2002 | 12398208 |
| mechanisms involved in milk endogenous proteolysis induced by a lipopolysaccharide experimental mastitis. | experimental mastitis has been induced by the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli on six dairy cows in order to study the mechanisms involved in milk endogenous proteolysis during the inflammatory process. variations in somatic cell count (scc), plasmin activity, and total casein (cn) content were measured, and proteose-peptone content and the percentage of ph 4.6 insoluble peptides including gamma-cn have been considered as indicators of endogenous proteolysis. furthermore, polymorphon ... | 2002 | 12416808 |
| influence of dry period bacterial intramammary infection on clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | milk samples were taken from 1920 quarters (480 cows, six herds) on four occasions to examine the relationship between quarter level intramammary infection (imi) during the dry period and clinical mastitis in the next lactation. all quarters were sampled at drying off and within 1 wk of calving, and two quarters from each cow were sampled both 0 to 7 and 8 to 14 d before calving. milk samples were collected from all cases of clinical mastitis during the following lactation. logistic regression m ... | 2002 | 12416812 |
| interactive inhibition of meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by lysozyme, nisin and edta in the presence of nitrite and sodium chloride at 24 degrees c. | to develop a nisin- and lysozyme-based antimicrobial treatment for use with processed ham and bologna, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether inhibition enhancing interactions occur between the antimicrobials lysozyme, chrisin (a commercial nisin preparation), edta, nacl and nano(2). inhibitory interactions were observed between a number of agents when used against specific pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. the observed interactions included lysozyme with edta (enterococcus fae ... | 2003 | 12423927 |
| inducible expression of an antimicrobial peptide of the innate immunity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | epithelia- and leukocyte-associated antimicrobial peptides provide immediate protection against microbial infections by rapidly inactivating potential pathogens. bac5 is a member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides and is stored in the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils. we investigated the expression of this gene in airway and intestine, and although the gene was not found to be locally expressed in these tissues, a strong bac5 induction signal was detected by in situ h ... | 2002 | 12429723 |
| antimicrobial resistance and resistance gene determinants in clinical escherichia coli from different animal species in switzerland. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 581 clinical escherichia coli isolates from diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, from acute mastitis in dairy cattle, from urinary tract infections in dogs and cats, and from septicemia in laying hens collected in switzerland between 1999 and 2001. among the 16 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance was most frequent for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin. isolates from swine presented significantly more resistance than t ... | 2003 | 12441233 |
| isolation, crystallisation, and preliminary x-ray analysis of the bovine mitochondrial ef-tu:gdp and ef-tu:ef-ts complexes. | previous studies have shown that when bovine mitochondrial elongation factor ts (ef-ts) is expressed in escherichia coli, it forms a tightly associated complex with e. coli elongation factor tu (ef-tu). in contrast to earlier experiments, purification of free mitochondrial ef-ts was accomplished under nondenaturing conditions since only about 60% of the expressed ef-ts copurified with e. coli ef-tu. the bovine mitochondrial ef-tu:gdp complex, the homologous mitochondrial ef-tu:ef-ts complex, and ... | 2002 | 12445479 |
| conjugal transfer of plasmids and antibiotic resistance among escherichia coli isolated from animals in a rural area in sarawak (malaysia). | thirty-six strains of escherichia coli isolated from animals in bario, a remote area in sarawak, malaysia, were examined for presence of plasmid dna and their susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents. of the total 36 isolates, five bovine and six canine isolates were found to contain plasmid dna ranging in sizes from 2.6 to 70 kilobases. all were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and neomycin but resistance to ampicillin (47%), erythromycin (19%), strept ... | 1997 | 12452600 |
| genetic diversity of intimin genes of attaching and effacing escherichia coli strains. | in this study, we determined the sequences of four intimin variant genes detected in attaching and effacing escherichia coli isolates of human origin. three of them were novel and were designated eae-eta (eta), eae-iota (iota), and eae-kappa (kappa). the fourth was identical to the recently described eae-zeta (zeta), isolated from a bovine e. coli o84:nm isolate. we compared these sequences with those of published intimin-alpha, intimin-beta, intimin-gamma1, intimin-gamma2, intimin- epsilon, and ... | 2002 | 12454140 |
| distribution and sources of microbial contamination on beef carcasses. | three beef dressing lines of different capacity (160, 440 and 800 head d(-1)) were investigated with respect to contamination associated with carcass/hide and carcass/faeces contacts, the distribution of microbial contamination on carcasses and the antimicrobial efficacy of cold water carcass washes. swab samples were taken from up to 17 sites for determination of aerobic plate counts at 37 degrees c (apc 37 degrees c) and escherichia coli enumeration using the petrifilm procedure. the three bee ... | 1997 | 12455892 |
| in vitro growth of mastitis-inducing escherichia coli in milk and milk fractions of dairy cows. | the outcome of e. coli mastitis in cows ranges from mild to severe in individual animals. this study explored the hypothesis that milk from individual cows differs in its growth medium properties for e. coli, and whether possible variation could be related to specific milk constituents. to mimic the early phase of intramammary e. coli infection, a low inoculum size and a short incubation period were used. cell-reduced, cell- and fat-free (skim) and cell- and fat-free and protein-reduced (whey) f ... | 2003 | 12458162 |
| observation of additional calcium ion in the crystal structure of the triple mutant k56,120,121m of bovine pancreatic phospholipase a2. | phospholipase a(2) catalyses hydrolysis of the ester bond at the c2 position of 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. here we report the 1.9a resolution crystal structure of the triple mutant k56,120,121m of bovine pancreatic phospholipase a(2). the structure was solved by molecular replacement method using the orthorhombic form of the recombinant phospholipase a(2). the final protein model contains all the 123 amino acid residues, two calcium ions, 125 water molecules and one 2-methyl-2-4-pentanediol molecul ... | 2002 | 12460575 |
| engineering s-protein fragments of bovine ribonuclease a for targeted drug delivery. | high affinity interaction between s-protein and s-peptide fragments of bovine pancreatic rnase a has been recently used for construction of molecular vehicles for targeted drug delivery. the vehicle is assembled as a complex of drug carrier conjugated s-protein with s-peptide-tagged targeting protein. to avoid random chemical crosslinking of drug carriers to s-protein, we constructed a mutant 16-124aa fragment of rnase a in which 122ala is replaced with a cysteine residue. the mutant and the cor ... | 2002 | 12460770 |
| efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfadoxine against escherichia coli in a tissue cage model in calves. | tissue cages implanted subcutaneously in calves were infected with escherichia coli. twenty-four hours later, the calves were treated either with single doses of 2.5 + 12.5 or 5 + 25 mg/kg trimethoprim (tmp) + sulfadoxine (sdx) or with five doses of 7.5 + 37.5 mg/kg tmp + sdx at 12-h intervals. in addition, one cage in each of three calves in the highest dose group was infected 3 h after initiation of treatment. untreated calves were kept as controls. concentrations of tmp and sdx in plasma and ... | 2002 | 12485347 |
| microbial contamination on beef and sheep carcases in south australia. | a total of 523 chilled beef and lamb carcases were sampled from four abattoirs and 13 very small plants (vsps) in south australia during march 2002 in order to develop a microbiological profile of meat produced for domestic consumption within the state. aerobic viable counts (avcs) and escherichia coli counts were obtained from samples taken by sponge-sampling the muscle-adipose tissue at sites designated for each species in the microbiological guidelines to the australian standard for hygienic ... | 2003 | 12485752 |
| bovine lymphocytes express functional receptors for escherichia coli shiga toxin 1. | interactions of shiga toxins (stxs) and immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases due to stx-producing escherichia coli (stec) infections in humans and facilitate the persistence of infection in asymptomatically infected cattle. our recent findings that bovine b and t lymphocytes express gb(3)/cd77, the human stx-receptor, prompted us to determine whether the bovine homologue also mediates binding and internalization of stx1. in fact, stx1 holotoxin and recombinant b subunit (rstxb ... | 2002 | 12495672 |
| [the correcting role of autonomous 3'-->5' exonucleases in mammalian multienzyme dna polymerase complexes]. | a study was made of the correcting role of autonomous 3'-->5' exonucleases (ae) contained in multienzyme dna polymerase complexes of rat hepatocytes or calf thymocytes. dna was synthesized on phage psi x174 amber3 or m13mp2 primer-templates, and used to transfect escherichia coli spheroplasts. frequencies were estimated for direct and reverse mutations resulting from mistakes made in the course of in vitro dna synthesis. the mistake rate of the hepatocytic complex was estimated at 3 x 10(-6) wit ... | 2002 | 12500544 |
| human serum amyloid a3 peptide enhances intestinal muc3 expression and inhibits epec adherence. | we previously determined that the n-terminal region of bovine mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 (m-saa3) increased intestinal mucin muc3 levels in ht29 human intestinal cells by approximately 2.5-fold, relative to untreated cells. this study shows that the human m-saa3 n-terminal peptide further enhances muc3 transcript levels by approximately 4.3-fold in these cells (p<0.02), implicating a species-specific interaction. furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis using a muc3-speci ... | 2003 | 12504116 |
| the conserved tflk motif of mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 is responsible for up-regulation of intestinal muc3 mucin expression in vitro. | in various mammalian species, an isoform of serum amyloid a is secreted at high concentrations into colostrum. a conserved four-amino-acid motif (tflk) is contained within the first eight n-terminal amino acid residues of this mammary-associated serum amyloid a isoform 3 (m-saa3). peptides derived from the bovine n-terminal amino acid sequence of m-saa3 were produced and added to cell culture medium of ht29 cells to study the effects on intestinal mucin gene expression. ht29 cells were grown to ... | 2003 | 12508093 |
| effect of pasteurization on survival of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mptb) is the causative agent of johne's disease of ruminant animals including cattle, goats, and sheep. it has been suggested that this organism is associated with crohn's disease in humans, and milk is a potential source of human exposure to this organism. a total of 18, including 7 regular batch and 11 high temperature short time (htst) pasteurization experiments, were conducted in this study. raw milk or ultra-high temperature pasteurized milk samples were spik ... | 2002 | 12512593 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression studies in escherichia coli of growth hormone cdnas from indian zebu cattle, reverine buffalo, and beetal goat. | the growth hormone cdnas from three different economically important animal species of indian origin viz., indian zebu cattle (bos indicus), indian reverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis), and beetal goat (capra hircus) were isolated by the rt-pcr technique. the amplified product was then cloned into phagemid pbluescriptiiks- and the nucleotide sequence of the entire 573 base coding region for each product was determined. the genetic sequences as well as the translated protein sequence of these rumin ... | 2002 | 12517072 |
| evaluation of frequent milkout for treatment of cows with experimentally induced escherichia coil mastitis. | to evaluate the effect of frequent milkout (fmo) on the outcome of experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis in cows. | 2003 | 12523483 |
| resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in food-related bacteria. | microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents continues to be a major problem. the frequent use and misuse of disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) in food-processing industries have imposed a selective pressure and may contribute to the emergence of disinfectant-resistant microorganisms. a total number of 1,325 gram-negative isolates (escherichia coli, other coliforms vibrio spp., and aeromonas spp.) and 500 enterococcus spp. from food and food-processing industries and fis ... | 2002 | 12523638 |
| serotypes and shiga toxin genotypes among escherichia coli isolated from animals and food in argentina and brazil. | shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from animals and food in argentina (n=44) and brazil (n=20) were examined and compared in regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to evaluate their pathogenic potential. the clonal relatedness of stec o157 isolates (n=22) was established by phage typing (pt) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). all o157 strains studied carried eae and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec)-hly sequences. in argentina, these s ... | 2003 | 12554103 |
| [rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in food with multiplex pcr assay]. | rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) in food was achieved by using multiplex pcr assay. the assay was designed to amplify the 1109, 302 and 228 bp regions of corresponding virulence genes eaea, hlyab, slt1 and/or slt2, by using specific primers for each one reaction. in 60 ehec and other strains, the above three virulence gene sequences were co-amplified from dna isolated from 12 ehec o157:h7 strains, 1 o26:h11 strain and 1 o111:h8 strain; eaea sequence was amplified from ... | 2001 | 12561602 |
| comparison of shiga toxin production by hemolytic-uremic syndrome-associated and bovine-associated shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates. | there is considerable diversity among shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) bacteria, and only a subset of these organisms are thought to be human pathogens. the characteristics that distinguish stec bacteria that give rise to human disease are not well understood. stxs, the principal virulence determinants of stec, are thought to account for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus), a severe clinical consequence of stec infection. stxs are typically bacteriophage encoded, and their product ... | 2003 | 12571029 |
| geographical variation in ribotype profiles of escherichia coli isolates from humans, swine, poultry, beef, and dairy cattle in florida. | waters impacted by fecal pollution can exact high risks to human health and can result in financial losses due to closures of water systems used for recreation and for harvesting seafood. identifying the sources of fecal pollution in water is paramount in assessing the potential human health risks involved as well as in assessing necessary remedial action. recently, various researchers have used the ribotyping method to identify sources of bacterial indicators (escherichia coli and enterococci) ... | 2003 | 12571033 |
| image analysis method for evaluation of specific and non-specific hand contamination. | to evaluate a quantifying image analysis method for assessing the degree of hand contamination and efficacy of hand washing procedures. | 2003 | 12588557 |
| thermal and urea-induced unfolding of the marginally stable lac repressor dna-binding domain: a model system for analysis of solute effects on protein processes. | thermodynamic and structural evidence indicates that the dna binding domains of lac repressor (laci) exhibit significant conformational adaptability in operator binding, and that the marginally stable helix-turn-helix (hth) recognition element is greatly stabilized by operator binding. here we use circular dichroism at 222 nm to quantify the thermodynamics of the urea- and thermally induced unfolding of the marginally stable laci hth. van't hoff analysis of the two-state unfolding data, highly a ... | 2003 | 12590610 |
| opsonic activity of serum and whey from cows immunized with the ferric citrate receptor. | the effects of immunizing dairy cows with the ferric citrate receptor, feca, on the opsonic activity of serum and whey were measured in a phagocytosis assay. fifteen cows were assigned to five blocks of three cows based on date of expected parturition. cows within a block were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) feca immunization, 2) immunization with a commercially available escherichia coli j5 bacterin, and 3) unimmunized controls. cows were challenged at approximately 21 dim by i ... | 2003 | 12613859 |
| comparison of ribotyping and repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr for identification of fecal escherichia coli from humans and animals. | this report compares the performances of two popular genotypic methods used for tracking the sources of fecal pollution in water, ribotyping and repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr (rep-pcr). the rep-pcr was more accurate, reproducible, and efficient in associating dna fingerprints of fecal escherichia coli with human and animal hosts of origin. | 2003 | 12620878 |
| comparison of methods for dna isolation from food samples for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by real-time pcr. | in this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7, and then dna was isolated by using four commercial kits. the isolated dna samples were compared by using real-time pcr detection of the shiga toxin genes. the four kits tested worked similarly. | 2003 | 12620880 |
| an improved enrichment broth for isolation of escherichia coli o157, with specific reference to starved cells, from radish sprouts. | an enrichment broth was developed for the efficient isolation of escherichia coli o157 from radish sprouts. the broth was buffered peptone water containing 0.5% sodium thioglycolate (stg-bpw), which was designed to allow growth of e. coli o157 in starved and unstarved states. however, this medium suppressed the growth of non-carbohydrate-fermenting obligate aerobes whose colonial appearance on sorbitol macconkey agar containing cefixime and tellurite (ct-smac) resembled that of e. coli o157. bot ... | 2003 | 12620883 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of porcine cd40 ligand in escherichia coli and human and porcine cells. | the cd40l ligand (cd40l) plays an important role in the interaction between antigen-specific t lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. the porcine cd40l encoding gene was isolated from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) using rt-pcr. sequence analysis of the cloned cd40l gene showed an open reading frame of 786 base pairs encoding a 262 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 29 kd. the deduced amino acid sequence of the porcine cd40l shared 82%, 88% and 93% simila ... | 2002 | 12633569 |
| dissemination of pheu- and phev-located genomic islands among enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) e. coli and their possible role in the horizontal transfer of the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). | we have recently shown that the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of the bovine enterohemorrhagic e. coli rw1374 (o103:h2) resides within a large pathogenicity island (pai), integrated in the vicinity of the phenylalanine trna gene phev. here we describe an additional, but lee-negative genomic island in rw1374 in the vicinity of another phenylalanine trna gene, pheu, the sequence of which is identical to phev. these two genomic islands revealed identity of the left, but a relative variability ... | 2003 | 12635929 |
| viability of clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes surviving mild heat or aqueous ozone treatment on beef followed by heat, alkali, or salt stress. | the threat of pathogen survival following ozone treatment of meat necessitates careful evaluation of the microorganisms surviving under such circumstances. the objective of this study was to determine whether sublethal aqueous ozone treatment (3 ppm of o3 for 5 min) of microorganisms on beef surfaces would result in increased or decreased survival with respect to subsequent heat, alkali, or nacl stress. a mild heat treatment (55 degrees c for 30 min) was used for comparison. reductions in three- ... | 2003 | 12636289 |
| microbiological effects of hand washing at a beef carcass-breaking facility. | the hands of workers in the carcass-breaking facility at a beef packing plant were sampled by rinsing. total aerobes, coliforms, and escherichia coli were enumerated for each sample. the numbers of bacteria recovered from duplicate groups of 25 hand samples collected before and after hands were washed with an antibacterial gel, rinsed in a disinfectant solution, washed with the gel and rinsed with the disinfectant, or washed in the disinfectant for 20 s were similar for samples collected before ... | 2003 | 12636307 |
| rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated in ground beef, chicken carcass, and lettuce samples with an immunomagnetic chemiluminescence fiber-optic biosensor. | a biosensor was evaluated with regard to its usefulness in the rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated in ground beef, chicken carcass, and romaine lettuce samples. the biosensor consisted of a chemiluminescence reaction cell, a fiber-optic light guide, and a luminometer linked to a personal computer in conjunction with immunomagnetic separation. the samples inoculated with e. coli o157:h7 were first centrifuged and suspended in buffered peptone water and then incubated with anti- ... | 2003 | 12636312 |
| periparturient endocrine and metabolic changes in healthy cows and in cows affected by mastitis. | transition from pregnancy to lactation in dairy cows involves considerable metabolic adaptation. additional stress is incurred during infections such as periparturient mastitis. multiparous holstein-friesian cows kept under normal production conditions (n = 15) were used to evaluate changes in circulating metabolite and hormone concentrations from 5 days before to 5 days after calving. insulin-like growth factor binding protein (igfbp) profiles were also monitored. marked time-related changes we ... | 2003 | 12650505 |
| rapid purification of recombinant betab2-crystallin using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. | betab2-crystallin, the major subunit of beta-crystallins, is difficult to purify either from lens homogenate or from betah-or betal-crystallins. it has been prepared by heterologous expression in escherichia coli. most often, the methods used for purifying a recombinant globular protein employ the combination of ion-exchange with gel filtration chromatography. in the case of betab2-crystallin too, different approaches have been used to obtain the purified protein, majority of which use a combina ... | 2003 | 12651120 |
| novel bioluminescent assay of alkaline phosphatase using adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphosulfate as substrate and the luciferin-luciferase reaction and its application. | this paper describes a novel bioluminescent assay of alkaline phosphatase (alp) utilizing atp-sulfurylase and the luciferin-luciferase reaction. the principle governing the assay is as follows. adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphosulfate, which serves as the substrate for alp, is hydrolyzed enzymatically to produce adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (aps). aps is converted into atp by atp-sulfurylase in the presence of pyrophosphate. the atp produced is detected by the luciferin-luciferase reaction. the m ... | 2003 | 12654306 |
| recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors efficiently and persistently transduce chondrocytes in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage. | successful gene transfer into articular cartilage is a prerequisite for gene therapy of articular joint disorders. in the present study we tested the hypothesis that recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav) vectors are capable of effecting gene transfer in isolated articular chondrocytes in vitro, articular cartilage tissue in vitro, and sites of articular damage in vivo. using an raav vector carrying the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) under the control of the cytomegalovirus ( ... | 2003 | 12659680 |
| cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the murine peroxisomal flavoprotein, n1-acetylated polyamine oxidase. | the aminoacyl sequences of three regions of pure bovine n1-acetylated polyamine oxidase (pao) were obtained and used to search genbanktm. this led to the cloning and sequencing of a complete coding cdna for murine pao (mpao) and the 5'-truncated coding region of the bovine pao (bpao) gene. a search of genbanktm indicated that mpao maps to murine chromosome 7 as seven exons. the translated amino acid sequences of mpao and bpao have a -pro-arg-leu peroxisomal targeting signal at the extreme c term ... | 2003 | 12660232 |
| enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157: epidemiology and ecology in bovine production environments. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, particularly the o157(:h7) serogroup, has become a worldwide public health concern. since cattle feces are often implicated as the source of e. coli o157 in human infections, considerable resources have been devoted to defining the epidemiology and ecology of e. coli o157 in cattle environments so that control might begin at the farm level. diagnostic limitations and the complexity of often interrelated microbial, animal, herd, environmental and production fac ... | 2002 | 12665108 |
| sympathoadrenal and immune system activation during the periparturient period and their association with bovine coliform mastitis. a review. | increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-yielding cows during early lactation has been attributed to a depressed functional capacity of the immune system. sympathoadrenal factors are known to play an important role in modulating the host susceptibility and resistance to infectious diseases. of primary importance in combating acute intramammary infections are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), as they represent one of the early lines of immunological defense. the release of stress hormon ... | 2003 | 12670012 |
| verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in spain: prevalence, serotypes, and virulence genes of o157:h7 and non-o157 vtec in ruminants, raw beef products, and humans. | in spain, as in many other countries, verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains have been frequently isolated from cattle, sheep, and foods. vtec strains have caused seven outbreaks in spain (six caused by e. coli o157:h7 and one by e. coli o111:h- [nonmotile]) in recent years. an analysis of the serotypes indicated serological diversity. among the strains isolated from humans, serotypes o26:h11, o111:h-, and o157:h7 were found to be more prevalent. the most frequently detected serotyp ... | 2003 | 12671177 |
| [cloning and expression of a novel ubiquitin fusion gene uba256]. | spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) uba256 gene is the only ub-gp37 fusion gene in the genome of insect viruses. with the specific primers designed for uba256 gene that was reported recently, the coding regions of uba256, n-terminal ubiquitin and c-terminal gp37 that lacking the signal sequence, were amplified from spltmnpv genomic dna by pcr. the uba256 coding region was expressed using the expression vector pbv220, and a band of 38 kd was detected with western blot analysis, indi ... | 2003 | 12673391 |
| presence and characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli virulence genes in f165-positive e. coli strains isolated from diseased calves and pigs. | the virulence genotype profile and presence of a pathogenicity island(s) (pai) were studied in 18 strains of f165-positive escherichia coli originally isolated from diseased calves or piglets. on the basis of their adhesion phenotypes and genotypes, these extraintestinal pathogenic strains were classified into three groups. the f165 fimbrial complex consists of at least two serologically and genetically distinct fimbriae: f165(1) and f165(2). f165(1) is encoded by the foo operon (pap-like), and ... | 2003 | 12682117 |
| vaccination strategies for reducing clinical severity of coliform mastitis. | brief history and extensive published field efficacy data of the two rough ("r") bacterial mutants utilized in commercial preparations of the core antigen bacterins escherichia coli o111:b4 (strain j5) and salmonella typhimurium re-17 are summarized. particular dosage schedules and routes of administration of coliform mastitis bacterins are compared for their associated ecacy. practical concerns in employing a coliform mastitis vaccination program are discussed. characteristics of farms using co ... | 2003 | 12682942 |
| evidence for a cd14- and serum-independent pathway in the induction of endotoxin-tolerance in human monocytes and thp-1 monocytic cells. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation of macrophages or monocytes is believed to occur via a serum- and cd14-dependent signaling pathway via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4). we sought to determine whether serum and/or cd14 are required for lps to induce the endotoxin-tolerant state in human monocytes. lps treatments were performed in the presence or absence of an anti-cd14 monoclonal antibody and with or without fetal bovine serum. endotoxin tolerance was assessed after an 18-h exposure (pretreatment ... | 2003 | 12688542 |
| molecular cloning and heterologous expression in e. coli of cytochrome p45017alpha. comparison of structural and functional properties of substrate-specific cytochromes p450 from different species. | to elucidate the nature of substrate specificity and intrinsic mechanism of hydroxylation of steroids, in the present work we carried out molecular cloning and heterologous expression of cdna for three new forms of cytochrome p45017alpha from species of the bovidae family (sheep, goat, and bison), which catalyze 17alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone (p4) or pregnenolone (p5) and 17,20-lyase reaction resulting in cleavage of side chain with formation of c(19)-steroids. recombinant cytochrome ... | 2003 | 12693981 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from healthy dairy cattle in southern brazil. | over a period of 1 year, the production of verotoxin was investigated in 1127 escherichia coli isolated from 243 dairy cattle from 60 small farms in southern brazil. vero cell assay was used to detect toxins in culture supernatants from e. coli isolated from bovine feces. shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) detection rates were 95% (57 of 60) for farms and 49% (119 of 243) for cattle. prevalence of stec-positive cattle in the farms ranged from 0 to 100%. ninety-six percent (315 of 327) of the s ... | 2003 | 12695042 |
| 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency is caused by mutations in the hadh2 gene. | 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase (mhbd) deficiency is a novel inborn error of isoleucine degradation. in this article, we report the elucidation of the molecular basis of mhbd deficiency. to this end, we purified the enzyme from bovine liver. maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified protein was identical to bovine 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase type ii. the human homolog of this bovine enzyme is a short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, also known as the " ... | 2003 | 12696021 |
| thermal inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef supplemented with sodium lactate. | a study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate (nal) (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in 93% lean ground beef. samples inoculated with a mixture of four strains of e. coli o157:h7 (10(7) to 10(8) cfu/g) were subjected to immersion heating in a water bath stabilized at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, or 65 degrees c. results of statistical analysis indicated that the heating temperature was the only factor affecting the decimal reduction tim ... | 2003 | 12696693 |
| forage feeding to reduce preharvest escherichia coli populations in cattle, a review. | although escherichia coli are commensal organisms that reside within the host gut, some pathogenic strains of e. coli can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans. the most notable enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) strain is o157:h7. cattle are asymptomatic natural reservoirs of e. coli o157:h7, and it has been reported that as many as 30% of all cattle are carriers of this pathogen, and in some circumstances this can be as high as 80%. feedlot and high-producing dairy cattle are fed large grain ratio ... | 2003 | 12703622 |
| influence of agitation, inoculum density, ph, and strain on the growth parameters of escherichia coli o157:h7--relevance to risk assessment. | foods may differ in at least two key variables from broth culture systems typically used to measure growth kinetics of enteropathogens: initial population density of the pathogen and agitation of the culture. the present study used nine escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from beef and associated with human illness. initial kinetic experiments with one e. coli o157:h7 strain in brain-heart infusion (bhi) broth at ph 5.5 were performed in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, testing the effects of ... | 2003 | 12706036 |
| risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in eight known-infected danish dairy herds. | a risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 in a former prevalence study. associations between excretion of vtec o157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. the animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. the risk of excreting vtec o157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. among the calves aged 1-4 ... | 2003 | 12706052 |
| bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling. | pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter spp. have been implicated in outbreaks of food poisoning in the uk and elsewhere. domestic animals and wildlife are important reservoirs for both of these agents, and cross-contamination from faeces is believed to be responsible for many human outbreaks. appropriate parameterisation of quantitative microbial-risk models requires representative data at all levels of the food chain. our focus in this paper is on the early stages of the f ... | 2003 | 12706055 |
| pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness--a review. | the influence of zoonotic pathogens in animal manure on human health and well-being as a direct or indirect cause of human enteric illness is examined. available international data are considered, but the study is focused on the developing situation in western canada, where it is certain there will be further rapid growth in livestock numbers, particularly hogs. major pathogens considered are escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia, cryptosporidium, and giardia. canada is n ... | 2003 | 12708660 |
| occurrence and characteristics of cs31a antigen-producing escherichia coli in calves with diarrhoea and septicaemia in argentina. | cs31a is a k88-related non-fimbrial adhesin first described on escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves. in this report, cs31a antigen was screened by immunological methods and confirmed by pcr among bovine e. coli isolates. in addition, cs31a-producing strains were characterized with respect to different fimbrial antigens, o-serogroup and other properties related to virulence. faecal or tissue specimens of 100 diarrhoeic or septicaemic calves and 27 older cattle ... | 2003 | 12710494 |
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h infection and consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26 has emerged as a significant cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). the source and the vehicle of contamination with ehec o26 are not often identified. we report two austrian cases of hus due to e. coli o26:h- affecting an 11-month-old boy and a 28-month-old girl in which transmission through unpasteurized cow's milk was positively identified. | 2003 | 12718809 |
| a new method for enzymatic preparation of isopentenyladenine-type and trans-zeatin-type cytokinins with radioisotope-labeling. | we describe a new enzymatic reaction method for the preparation of the radioisotope-labeled cytokinins isopentenyladenine (ip), trans-zeatin (tz), and their ribosides. the method is based on the three enzyme activities of an adenylate isopentenyltransferase (ipt; ec 2.5.1.27) from arabidopsis thaliana, an alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) from calf intestine, and a purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (ec 2.4.2.1) from escherichia coli. the a. thaliana ipt, atipt7, utilized both dimethylallyldiphosph ... | 2003 | 12728344 |
| factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 by beef suckler cows. | a study was designed to investigate management factors that might influence the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 by beef cows in scotland, where there is a particularly high rate of human infection. thirty-two herds were visited at least monthly over approximately 1 year for collection of fresh faecal pat samples and information on management factors. the faecal pat samples were tested for vtec o157 by established culture and immunomagnetic separation methods. que ... | 2003 | 12729199 |
| genetic characterization of escherichia coli populations from host sources of fecal pollution by using dna fingerprinting. | escherichia coli isolates were obtained from common host sources of fecal pollution and characterized by using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr fingerprinting. the genetic relationship of strains within each host group was assessed as was the relationship of strains among different host groups. multiple isolates from a single host animal (gull, human, or dog) were found to be identical; however, in some of the animals, additional strains occurred at a lower frequency. rep pcr fingerpr ... | 2003 | 12732525 |
| origin of contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli in beef cattle. | the possible origin of beef contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli populations in beef cattle, on carcasses and ground beef, was examined by using random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the flic gene. e. coli was recovered from the feces of 10 beef cattle during pasture grazing and feedlot finishing and from hides, carcasses, and ground beef after slaughter. the 1,403 e. coli isolates (855 fecal, 320 ... | 2003 | 12732550 |
| a mammalian cell regulatory agent, ceres-18, inhibits yeast cell proliferation but not bacterial replication. | a cell regulatory sialoglycopeptide, ceres-18, purified from intact bovine cerebral cortex cells, has exhibited the capability of reversibly inhibiting cellular dna synthesis and the proliferation of a wide array of mammalian cells. in the present study, the effect of ceres-18 on the proliferation of bacterial ( bacillus cereus and escherichia coli) and yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells was investigated. the results showed that replication and viability of the ... | 2003 | 12732963 |
| characterization and proteolytic origins of specific peptides appearing during lipopolysaccharide experimental mastitis. | based on the compositional change of the proteose peptone fraction, proteolysis was studied over time following lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental mastitis. electrophoresis of the proteose peptone fraction revealed many degradation products. five peptides were identified by amino-terminal sequencing as internal fragments of beta-, kappa-, alpha(s1)-, and alpha(s2)-casein that were generated by somatic cell proteases. although kappa-casein is considered particularly resistant to endogenous p ... | 2003 | 12741540 |
| role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis. | the role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis was investigated in first-lactation heifers. twenty-three primigravid holstein heifers were maintained on a basal (6.5 ppm copper; -cu) diet or a diet supplemented (20 ppm) with copper sulfate (+cu) beginning 60 d prepartum through 42 d of lactation. liver biopsies and blood samples were taken for liver and blood minerals and plasma ceruloplasmin. milk samples were taken weekly postpartum for bacteriology. the overal ... | 2003 | 12741549 |
| prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and performance by beef feedlot cattle given lactobacillus direct-fed microbials. | fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7, the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in pens and on carcasses and hides, and cattle performance as a result of daily dietary supplementation with lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbials (dfms) were evaluated in a feeding trial involving 180 beef steers. steers were evaluated for shedding of e. coli o157:h7 by an immunomagnetic separation technique on arrival at the feedlot, just before treatment with the dfms, and every 14 days thereafter until ... | 2003 | 12747680 |
| escherichia coil o157 diversity with respect to survival during drying on concrete. | shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli o157 isolates (n = 123) were divided into groups according to origin, genotype (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge] type, or ribotype), type of stx produced, or phage type (pt). the survival rate ([number of cfu after 24 h of drying/number of cfu before drying] x 100) for each isolate was determined in triplicate after drying on concrete for 24.0 h. the overall mean survival rate among the 123 e. coli o157 isolates studied was 22.9%, but there was ... | 2003 | 12747685 |
| impact of ph enhancement on populations of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 in boneless lean beef trimmings. | boneless lean beef trimmings were inoculated with multiple strains of salmonellae, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 at levels of ca. 6 log10 cfu/g. ph enhancement with ammonia gas was then used to increase the ph of the trimmings to ca. 9.6. the product was then frozen, chipped, and compressed into blocks. ph enhancement reduced the populations of salmonellae, l. monocytogenes, and e. coli o157:h7 by approximately 4, 3, and 1 log10 cycles, respectively. after the product had ... | 2003 | 12747699 |
| membrane topology of a metabotropic glutamate receptor. | the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) have been predicted to have a classical seven transmembrane domain structure similar to that seen for members of the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) superfamily. however, the mglurs (and other members of the family c gpcrs) show no sequence homology to the rhodopsin-like gpcrs, for which this seven transmembrane domain structure has been experimentally confirmed. furthermore, several transmembrane domain prediction algorithms suggest that the mglur ... | 2003 | 12764131 |