Publications

[escherichia coli o157 among the cattle on the polish territory].		2001	11496786
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the third eyelid in heifers.	on a dairy cattle farm, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in 29 (24%) calves and heifers aged from 2 weeks to 1 year old. the highest infection rate (18%) occurred in animals aged 3-6 months. the bacteriological examination of swabs from the affected animals yielded several species of bacteria: moraxella bovis, neisseria ovis, n. cuniculi, plasma coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp., alpha-haemolytic streptococcus spp., arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli. moraxell ...	2001	11315524
ruminant brain ribonucleases: expression and evolution.	molecular evolutionary analyses of mammalian ribonucleases have shown that gene duplication events giving rise to three paralogous genes occurred in ruminant ancestors. one of these genes encodes a ribonuclease identified in bovine brain. a peculiar feature of this enzyme and orthologous sequences in other ruminants are c-terminal extensions consisting of 17-27 amino acid residues. evidence was obtained by western blot analysis for the presence of brain-type ribonucleases in brain tissue not onl ...	2001	11343795
serological, colostral and milk responses of cows vaccinated with a single dose of a combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus and escherichia coli f5 (k99).	twenty-five ayrshire/friesian cows were vaccinated once with a new combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus and escherichia coli f5 (k99) or given a saline placebo 31 days before the first expected calving date. blood samples were taken from the cows at intervals from vaccination until seven days after calving and from their calves up to 28 days after birth, and colostrum and milk samples were collected from the cows at intervals for 28 days after calving. there was a significant increase ...	2001	11504200
identification of four proteins from the small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome using a proteomics approach.	proteins in the small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. four individual proteins were subjected to in-gel endoprotease lys-c digestion. the sequences of selected proteolytic peptides were obtained by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. peptide sequences obtained from in-gel digestion of individual spots were used to screen human, mouse, and rat expressed sequence tag databases, and complete consensus cdnas for ...	2001	11344316
the influence of plasma on the disinfecting activity of the new antimicrobial agent n-chlorotaurine-sodium in comparison with chloramine t.	the phenomenon of increasing bactericidal activity of n-chlorotaurine in the presence of chlorine-consuming material has been investigated both on a chemical-analytical and microbiological basis using plasma as substrate and chloramine t for comparison. chlorine consumption assessed by iodometric titration showed a biphasic time-course with a very fast loss of oxidation capacity within one minute (n-chlorotaurine: -9.3%, chloramine t: -16.8%) followed by a slow loss which could still be detected ...	2001	11370708
regulation of bovine e-selectin expression by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha and lipopolysaccharide.	induction of adhesion molecules by cytokines and lps is an important mechanism of regulating leukocyte migration into tissue. expression and regulation of e-selectin may be differentially influenced by the stimuli involved with effects on mrna or surface protein kinetics. surface protein and mrna expression kinetics of bovine e-selectin were measured and compared in primary cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells (baec) stimulated for various periods of time with recombinant bovine tumor nec ...	2001	11389952
bactericidal kinetics of 3 lactoferricins against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli.	bovine lactoferricin is an antimicrobial, cationic peptide generated upon gastric pepsin cleavage of bovine lactoferrin. we investigated the bactericidal effects of native lactoferricin [lfcin b(17-41)], a shortened derivative [lfcin b(17-31)] and the all-d-amino acid counterpart of lfcin b(17-31) against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. the results revealed different activities for the peptides against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. d-lfcin b(17-31) was the most efficient pept ...	2001	11515760
local and systemic effects of endotoxin mastitis on the chemiluminescence of milk and blood neutrophils in dairy cows.	the local and systemic effects of intramammary lipopolysaccharide (lps) injection on the chemiluminescence (cl) of milk and blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were investigated in six healthy early lactation cows. clinical signs of acute mastitis such as fever, increased heart rate and a decreased milk production were observed in all cows. before lps challenge, the cl activity of milk pmn was significantly lower than that of blood pmn (p < 0.01). a significant negative correlation was foun ...	2001	11361149
endotoxin induces delayed ovulation following endocrine aberration during the proestrous phase in holstein heifers.	the effect of endotoxin on follicular growth and on secretion of lh, estradiol-17beta, progesterone and cortisol during the proestrous phase in cattle was investigated. holstein heifers were treated with pgf2alpha at 11-13 d after ovulation to induce luteolysis. at 42 hr after pgf2alpha treatment, heifers were administered either lipopolysaccharide (lps; escherichia coli, o111:b4, 5 microg/kg, n = 6) or saline (control; n = 6) by i.v. bolus injection. ovarian structures were monitored daily by t ...	2001	11518620
necrotoxigenic escherichia coli type-2 invade and cause diarrhoea during experimental infection in colostrum-restricted newborn calves.	there exists experimental evidence that necrotoxigenic escherichia coli (ntec) strains producing the cytotoxic necrotising factor 1 cause intestinal and extra-intestinal disease in piglets. on the other hand, no experimental model has been developed with ntec strains producing the cytotoxic necrotising factor 2. in all, 14 colostrum-restricted calves were orally challenged with two strains isolated from the faeces of a diarrheic calf (b20a) or from the heart blood of a septicaemic calf (1404). a ...	2001	11390113
the effect of various carbonate sources on the survival of escherichia coli in dairy cattle manure.	manure slurries (n = 3) prepared from the feces and urine of lactating dairy cattle (1 part urine, 2.2 parts feces, and 6.8 parts distilled water) had an initial ph of 8.6 +/- 0.1; dissolved carbonate concentrations of 48 +/- 4 mm, and escherichia coli counts of 5.9 +/- 0.7 logs per ml slurry. the ph of untreated slurries declined to ph 7.0 +/- 0.1 by the 10th day of incubation, and the e. coli count increased approximately 10-fold (p < 0.05). when slurries were treated with na2co3, k2co3, nahco ...	2001	11400074
genotypic analyses of escherichia coli o157:h7 and o157 nonmotile isolates recovered from beef cattle and carcasses at processing plants in the midwestern states of the united states.	escherichia coli o157:h7 and o157 nonmotile isolates (e. coli o157) previously were recovered from feces, hides, and carcasses at four large midwestern beef processing plants (r. o. elder, j. e. keen, g. r. siragusa, g. a. barkocy-gallagher, m. koohmaraie, and w. w. laegreid, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 97:2999-3003, 2000). the study implied relationships between cattle infection and carcass contamination within single-source lots as well as between preevisceration and postprocessing carcass cont ...	2001	11525971
influence of bacterial factors on proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells.	effects of bovine mastitis pathogen virulence factors on mammary epithelial cell function are not clearly understood. in this study, the effect of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid (lta), streptokinase, and escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) on proliferation of a primary bovine mammary epithelial cell culture (bte) and on an established bovine mammary epithelial cell line (mac-t) was evaluated. mammary epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of bacterial virulence factors for 48 h at ...	2001	11407018
exposure of escherichia coli to intestinal myoelectrical activity-related electric field induces resistance against subsequent uv(254 nm) (uvc) irradiation.	survival of escherichia coli k-12 ab1157 irradiated with uvc (uv(254 nm)) was enhanced after pre-treatment with a low-tension electric field (ef). the ef used was identical to the electrical field generated by the small intestine (myoelectrical migrating complex--mmc), registered in a healthy calf and transmitted into the memory of an ef generator. the ef emitted by the generator was transmitted via electrodes placed in shaken bacterial cultures. the protective effects of the ef on the e. coli s ...	2001	11551485
zero-tolerance for faecal contamination of carcasses as a tool in the control of o157 vtec infections.	the dutch government, the meat producers organisation and the meat industry have recognised o157 vtec as an important public health hazard, and agreed on the necessity to improve the hygiene in dutch cattle- and calf-slaughtering establishments. this paper reports activities within a national action programme to achieve this objective, "zero-tolerance for faecal contamination during slaughter of cattle and calves". the study included inspection of hygienic performances in slaughterhouses, and vi ...	2001	11407542
effect of stress induced by suboptimal growth factors on survival of escherichia coli o157:h7.	this study investigated the growth and survival of e. coli o157:h7 exposed to a combination of suboptimal factors (22 degrees c, 7 degrees c, -18 degrees c/0.5% nacl, 5.0% nacl/ph 7.0, ph 5.4, ph 4.5/addition of lactic acid) in a simulation medium for red meat (beef gravy). prolonged survival was noted as the imposed stress was more severe, and as multiple growth factors became suboptimal. at a defined temperature (7 degrees c or -18 degrees c), survival was prolonged at the more acid, more subo ...	2001	11407545
faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 and carcass contamination in cattle at slaughter in northern italy.	a study on the prevalence of the faecal carriage of verocytotoxin (vt)-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 and on the rate of carcass contamination was carried out on feedlot cattle and dairy cows at slaughter in northern italy. between april 1998 and january 1999, 12 sampling visits were performed on different days in seven different slaughterhouses. at each visit, 5-12 animals consecutively slaughtered were selected. from each animal, faeces were collected from the rectum immediately after ...	2001	11407547
a kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene family from trembling aspen (populus tremuloides michx.): cloning, functional expression, and induction by wounding and herbivory.	three kunitz trypsin inhibitor genes were isolated from trembling aspen (populus tremuloides) by pcr and cdna screening. based on sequence similarity, they were grouped into two classes. southern blots showed complex banding patterns and a high level of restriction fragment polymorphism between different aspen genotypes, suggesting that these trypsin inhibitors are members of a large, rapidly evolving gene family. one of the trypsin inhibitor genes, ptti2. was over-expressed in escherichia coli ...	2001	11488481
cloning, sequencing, and expression of the leukotoxin gene from fusobacterium necrophorum.	fusobacterium necrophorum is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium that is a primary or secondary etiological agent in a variety of necrotic purulent infections in animals and humans. included are diseases of cattle such as liver abscesses and foot rot, which have economically important consequences for the cattle industry. the major virulence factor of this bacterium is leukotoxin, a secreted protein of high molecular weight active against leukocytes from ruminants. the screening of ...	2001	11500416
absence of all components of the flagellar export and synthesis machinery differentially alters virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in models of typhoid fever, survival in macrophages, tissue culture invasiveness, and calf enterocolitis.	in this study, we constructed an flhd (the master flagellar regulator gene) mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and compared the virulence of the strain to that of the wild-type strain in a series of assays that included the mouse model of typhoid fever, the mouse macrophage survival assay, an intestinal epithelial cell adherence and invasion assay, and the calf model of enterocolitis. we found that the flhd mutant was more virulent than its parent in the mouse and displayed slight ...	2001	11500437
occurrence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in fecal samples from children with diarrhea and from healthy zebu cattle in uganda.	fecal samples collected from 237 diarrheic infants in kampala, uganda and from 159 healthy cattle from a ranch in the central region of uganda were investigated for the presence of escherichia coli o157 and other types of shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec). e. coli o157 were not detected in 150 stool samples from children which were cultivated on sorbitol macconkey agar. a search for all types of stec performed on 87 additional human stool samples with an enzyme-immunoassay for shiga toxins (p ...	2001	11407553
a functioning chimera of the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain from the bovine retinal rod ion channel and the dna-binding domain from catabolite gene-activating protein.	the eukaryotic cyclic nucleotide-gated (cng) ion channels are a family of large membrane proteins activated by cytoplasmic cgmp or camp. their cyclic nucleotide-binding domain is structurally homologous with that of the catabolite gene-activator protein (cap), a soluble escherichia coli transcription factor. differences in ligand activation among sensory channels suggest differences in the underlying molecular mechanisms of signal readout. to study the structural, functional, and conformational ...	2001	11412099
aetiology of clinical mastitis in six somerset dairy herds.	clinical mastitis was monitored in six somerset dairy herds for one year. the herds all had three-month geometric mean bulk milk somatic cell counts of less than 250,000 cells/ml. escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen isolated on all the farms and in all months of the year. environmental pathogens accounted for 61.4 per cent of all cases of clinical mastitis and for 79.3 per cent of the mastitis cases in which an aetiological agent was identified. the mean annual incidence was 41.6 cases ...	2001	11425254
identification of methylated cpg motifs as inhibitors of the immune stimulatory cpg motifs.	the unmethylated cpg motifs within e. coli dna (ec) cause immune stimulation. in contrast, mammalian dna such as calf thymus (ct) dna had been thought to be immunologically inert. in this article, we demonstrate that ct dna unexpectedly specifically inhibits the immune activation by ec but not that by endotoxin. this inhibitory effect was mediated in the signaling pathway activated by ec since ct dna markedly inhibited the cpg-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factors, nf-kappab ...	2001	11438837
bacteremia associated with naturally occuring acute coliform mastitis in dairy cows.	to determine the incidence of bacteremia in dairy cows with naturally occurring acute coliform mastitis (acm) with a wide range of disease severity.	2001	11601796
expression of bovine leukemia virus protein p24 in escherichia coli and its use in the immunoblotting assay.	the gag gene encoded protein, p24 of bovine leukemia virus (blv), was cloned and expressed as thioredoxin-6xhis-p24 protein in escherichia coli. the bacterial cells carrying plasmid pt7this-p24 expressed the protein of 38 kda that was detected by immunoblotting analysis using anti-p24 monoclonal antibodies and sera from blv infected cattle and sheep. the purified p24 fusion protein was shown to be sensitive and specific for detection of blv antibodies in the infected cattle.	2001	11440174
depletion study of trimethoprim and sulphadiazine in milk and its relationship with mastitis pathogenic bacteria strains minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) in dairy cows.	time-related concentrations in milk of a combination of trimethoprim-sulphadiazine (tmp-sdz) intramammary formulated infusion and its relationship with pathogenic bacteria strains minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) isolated from clinical mastitis cows were analysed. the mics study was performed for escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus sp. strains. the sdz concentrations in milk were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and tmp using a microbiolo ...	2001	11442781
antibodies inhibit prion propagation and clear cell cultures of prion infectivity.	prions are the transmissible pathogenic agents responsible for diseases such as scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. in the favoured model of prion replication, direct interaction between the pathogenic prion protein (prpsc) template and endogenous cellular prion protein (prpc) is proposed to drive the formation of nascent infectious prions. reagents specifically binding either prion-protein conformer may interrupt prion production by inhibiting this interaction. we examined the ability ...	2001	11507642
fate of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt 104, and listeria monocytogenes in fresh meat decontamination fluids at 4 and 10 degrees c.	bacterial pathogens may colonize meat plants and increase food safety risks following survival, stress hardening, or proliferation in meat decontamination fluids (washings). the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt 104, and listeria monocytogenes to survive or grow in spray-washing fluids from fresh beef top rounds sprayed with water (10 or 85 degrees c) or acid solutions (2% lactic or acetic acid, 55 degrees c) during storage ...	2001	11456202
detection of antibodies to hypoderma lineatum in cattle by western blotting with recombinant hypodermin c antigen.	the cdna encoding the entire mature hypodermin c (hc) of hypoderma lineatum was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein using pgex vector. the recombinant hc protein (rhc) was tested by western blotting to detect antibodies to h. lineatum in cattle. western blotting with rhc as antigen clearly differentiated between h. lineatum-infested cattle sera and normal cattle sera. forty-six out of forty-eight serum samples from cattle in central mongolia wer ...	2001	11470181
reduced amide bond peptidomimetics. (4s)-n-(4-amino-5-[aminoakyl]aminopentyl)-n'-nitroguanidines, potent and highly selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.	selective inhibition of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (nos) could be therapeutically useful in the treatment of certain disease states arising from the overproduction of nitric oxide. recently, we reported nitroarginine-containing dipeptide amides (huang, h; martasek, p.; roman, l. j.; masters, b. s. s.; silverman, r. b. j. med. chem. 1999, 42, 3147.) and some peptidomimetic analogues (huang, h; martasek, p.; roman, l. j.; silverman, r.b. j. med chem. 2000, 43, 2938.) as potent and selec ...	2001	11472219
fibroblast growth factor-2 antagonist activity and angiostatic capacity of sulfated escherichia coli k5 polysaccharide derivatives.	the angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor (fgf2) interacts with tyrosine kinase receptors (fgfrs) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) in endothelial cells. here, we report the fgf2 antagonist and antiangiogenic activity of novel sulfated derivatives of the escherichia coli k5 polysaccharide. k5 polysaccharide was chemically sulfated in n- and/or o-position after n-deacetylation. o-sulfated and n,o-sulfated k5 derivatives with a low degree and a high degree of sulfation compete with hep ...	2001	11473122
home-style beef jerky: effect of four preparation methods on consumer acceptability and pathogen inactivation.	the safety of homemade jerky continues to be questioned. producing a safe product that retains acceptable quality attributes is important. lethality of salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes as well as consumer acceptability and sensory attributes of jerky prepared by four methods were examined. preparation methods were drying marinated strips at 60 degrees c (representing a traditional method), boiling strips in marinade or heating in an oven to 71 degrees c prior to d ...	2001	11510659
acid phosphatase activity and color changes in consumer-style griddle-cooked ground beef patties.	the u.s. department of agriculture and the food and drug administration have issued temperature requirements to help consumers cook beef patty products that are free of pathogens. verification of end-point temperature (ept) is needed in cooked meat products due to concerns over outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7. acid phosphatase (acp) activity was studied as a potential method for determination of ept in ground beef patties cooked nonfrozen, patties frozen 7 days and thawed at room temperatu ...	2001	11510660
escherichia coli induces apoptosis and proliferation of mammary cells.	mammary cell apoptosis and proliferation were assessed after injection of escherichia coli into the left mammary quarters of six cows. bacteriological analysis of foremilk samples revealed coliform infection in the injected quarters of four cows. milk somatic cell counts increased in these quarters and peaked at 24 h after bacterial injection. body temperature also increased, peaking at 12 h postinjection. the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the mastitic tissue than in the ...	2001	11526434
molecular cloning, expression and modelling of cat allergen, cystatin (fel d 3), a cysteine protease inhibitor.	cats are an important source of indoor allergens. however, only two cat allergens, fel d 1 and albumin, have been cloned and sequenced. ige antibodies to fel d 1 and albumin do not fully account for ige responses to cat and there is good immunochemical evidence that cats produce other allergens.	2001	11529899
irreversible inhibition of pig kidney copper-containing amine oxidase by sodium and lithium ions.	copper amine oxidase was found to be inhibited in a complex way by small alkali metal ions. classic enzyme kinetic studies showed that li+ and na+ were weak noncompetitive inhibitors, whereas the larger alkali metals k+, rb+ and cs+ were not inhibitors. however, freezing in the presence of na+ or li+ surprisingly resulted in complete and irreversible inactivation. in the case of li+, it was possible to show that one ion per subunit was retained permanently in the inactivated enzyme, suggesting a ...	2001	11532005
the control of vtec in the animal reservoir.	a great diversity of vtecs exist but only in the case of escherichia coli o157:h7, a common human foodborne pathogen, has sufficient research been done to allow generalizations about the ecology. the key features are as follows: lack of host specificity such that indistinguishable isolates can be found in a variety of species; near-ubiquitous distribution in cattle (and perhaps other ruminant) farms; transient residence in the gastrointestinal flora of individual animals that is not associated w ...	2001	11407550
sensitivity of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains for colicins under different experimental conditions.	twenty escherichia coli strains producing well-characterised colicins were tested for their inhibitory activity against five shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains using different media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. the five stec strains used were of serotype o26, o111, o128, o145 and o157:h7 which are frequently isolated serotypes associated with disease in humans. the main route of infection for humans is through the eating of badly cooked or handled beef. the major reservoir f ...	2001	11731144
analysis of type 1 fimbriae expression in verotoxigenic escherichia coli: a comparison between serotypes o157 and o26.	previous research has shown that verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 strains appear unable to express type 1 fimbriae although other serotypes such as o26 and o118 can. this study has investigated the molecular basis of this difference. the study confirmed the presence of a 16 bp deletion within the regulatory region of fima (fim switch) in 63 vtec o157 strains but not in other vtec serotypes tested. the fim switch was shown to be detectable only in the phase off orientation in vtec ...	2001	11160808
differential adhesion of major surface proteins 1a and 1b of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells.	anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne ehrlichial pathogen of cattle for which six major surface proteins (msps) have been described. the msp1 complex, a heterodimer composed of msp1a and msp1b, was shown to induce a protective immune response in cattle and both proteins have been identified as putative adhesins for bovine erythrocytes. in this study the role of msp1a and msp1b as adhesins for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells was defined. msp1alpha and msp1beta1 genes from the oklahoma isolate of ...	2001	11239934
measurement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in dna by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: comparison with measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	measurement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oh-dguo) in dna by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms) was studied. a methodology was developed for separation by lc of 8-oh-dguo from intact and modified nucleosides in dna hydrolyzed by a combination of four enzymes: dnase i, phosphodiesterases i and ii and alkaline phosphatase. the atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray process was used for mass spectral measurements. a stable isotope-labeled analog of 8-oh-dguo ...	2001	11160914
reduction of fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in lambs by feeding microbial feed supplement.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging food-borne pathogen, has been implicated in several outbreaks in the us. ruminants, including cattle, sheep and deer are reservoirs of e. coli o157:h7 and fecal shedding of the pathogen forms the vehicle of entry into the human food chain. we studied the efficacy of lactobacillus acidophilus, streptococcus faecium, a mixture of l. acidophilus and s. faecium and a mixture of l. acidophilus, s. faecium, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus ferm ...	2001	11163713
bovine rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 produced by lactococcus lactis is antigenic and immunogenic.	rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) can induce diarrhea in mice. to get insight into the biological effects of nsp4, production of large quantities of this protein is necessary. we first tried to produce the protein in escherichia coli, but the nsp4 gene proved to be unstable. the capacity of the generally regarded as safe organism lactococcus lactis to produce nsp4 either intra- or extracellularly was then investigated by using the nisin-controlled expression system. production of recombin ...	2001	11282586
molecular cloning and functional expression of bottle-nosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.	the bottle-nosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist il-1ra cdna was cloned from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) rna utilizing the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the sequence of this cdna showed that dolphin il-1ra clones contained open reading frames encoding 177 amino acids. comparison of the deduced amino acids showed that dolphin il-1ra sequence shared 87.6, 77.9, 77.4, 77.4, 76.4, and 75.8% similarity with th ...	2001	11182153
high pressure increases bactericidal activity and spectrum of lactoferrin, lactoferricin and nisin.	we have studied the inactivation of a panel of eight test bacteria (two escherichia coli strains, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas fluorescens and staphylococcus aureus) by high pressure in the presence of bovine lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), pepsin hydrolysate of lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), lactoferricin (20 microg/ml) and nisin (100 iu/ml). none of these compounds, at the indicated dosage, were bactericidal when applied at atmosphe ...	2001	11294354
bactericidal activities of milk lipids.	the bactericidal capacity of digestion products of bovine milk triglycerides and membrane lipids was tested in vitro using escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and clostridium perfringens. c10:0 and c12:0 fatty acids and digestion products of sphingolipids appeared to be effective bactericidal agents, whereas digestion products of phosphoglycerides were moderately bactericidal. thus, milk fat sphingolipids and triglycerides, particularly ...	2001	11257052
pcr primers designed from malic acid dehydrogenase gene and their use for detection of escherichia coli in water and milk samples.	escherichia coli has been the appropriate focus for monitoring of potential enteric pathogens in water and foods. although several methods have been used for the detection or enumeration of e. coli cells in water and foods, the time and accuracy limitations of these methods suggest the need of a rapid and specific method. by comparison of the gene sequences coding for malic acid dehydrogenase (mdh) of e. coli and non-e. coli strains, two oligonucleotides were designed and their possible use as e ...	2001	11252491
lactate dehydrogenase release assay from vero cells to distinguish verotoxin producing escherichia coli from non-verotoxin producing strains.	the vero cell assay presently used for virulence testing of verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) requires at least 48-96 h where cytotoxicity effects are examined under a microscope. here, a complimentary rapid assay was developed that measures endogenous lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) release from vero or hep-2 cells as an indicator of cytotoxicity. toxin preparations from 24 vtec strains induced 36-89% ldh from vero cells and 15-62% ldh from hep-2 cells in 12-16 h. a verotoxin-positive but enter ...	2001	11118652
reconstitution of mitochondrial processing peptidase from the core proteins (subunits i and ii) of bovine heart mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex.	mature core i and core ii proteins of the bovine heart mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex were individually overexpressed in escherichia coli as soluble proteins using the expression vector pet-i and pet-ii, respectively. purified recombinant core i and core ii alone show no mitochondrial processing peptidase (mpp) activity. when these two proteins are mixed together, mpp activity is observed. maximum activity is obtained when the molar ratio of these two core proteins reaches 1. this indica ...	2001	11073949
resistance patterns of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from animals, food and asymptomatic human carriers in switzerland.	the objective of the present study was to determine the resistance patterns of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from different sources in switzerland during the period 1997-99 as an epidemiological marker.	2001	11169054
occurrence and characterization of escherichia coli o157 isolated from cattle in norway.	faecal samples from 504 imported beef cattle were screened to investigate the occurrence of escherichia coli o157. the results were compared with those from a previous screening of norwegian dairy cattle, and the occurrence was found to be higher in the imported beef cattle. the e. coli o157 isolates from the previous and present studies were characterized for the genes encoding for shigatoxin 1 (stx1), shigatoxin 2 (stx2), the intimin protein (eae) and the flagellar protein h7 (flic) using pcr ...	2001	11214668
in vitro incorporation of nascent molybdenum cofactor into human sulfite oxidase.	we were able to reconstitute molybdopterin (mpt)-free sulfite oxidase in vitro with the molybdenum cofactor (moco) synthesized de novo from precursor z and molybdate. mpt-free human sulfite oxidase apoprotein was obtained by heterologous expression in an escherichia coli mutant with a defect in the early steps of mpt biosynthesis. in vitro reconstitution of the purified apoprotein was achieved using an incubation mixture containing purified precursor z, purified mpt synthase, and sodium molybdat ...	2001	11042213
prevalence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from healthy cattle in japan.	the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in japan was examined by using stool samples from 87 calves, 88 heifers, and 183 cows on 78 farms. as determined by screening with stx-pcr, the prevalence was 46% in calves, 66% in heifers, and 69% in cows; as determined by nested stx-pcr, the prevalence was 100% in all animal groups. of the 962 isolates picked by colony stx hybridization, 92 isolates from 54 farms were characterized to determine their o serogroups, virulence factor ...	2001	11133487
[rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in food with multiplex pcr assay].	rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) in food was achieved by using multiplex pcr assay. the assay was designed to amplify the 1109, 302 and 228 bp regions of corresponding virulence genes eaea, hlyab, slt1 and/or slt2, by using specific primers for each one reaction. in 60 ehec and other strains, the above three virulence gene sequences were co-amplified from dna isolated from 12 ehec o157:h7 strains, 1 o26:h11 strain and 1 o111:h8 strain; eaea sequence was amplified from ...	2001	12561602
efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfadoxine against escherichia coli in a tissue cage model in calves.	tissue cages implanted subcutaneously in calves were infected with escherichia coli. twenty-four hours later, the calves were treated either with single doses of 2.5 + 12.5 or 5 + 25 mg/kg trimethoprim (tmp) + sulfadoxine (sdx) or with five doses of 7.5 + 37.5 mg/kg tmp + sdx at 12-h intervals. in addition, one cage in each of three calves in the highest dose group was infected 3 h after initiation of treatment. untreated calves were kept as controls. concentrations of tmp and sdx in plasma and ...	2002	12485347
antibacterial activity of pepsin-digested lactoferrin on foodborne pathogens in buffered broth systems and ultra-high temperature milk with edta.	to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in peptone yeast extract glucose (pyg) broth and ultra-high temperature (uht) milk of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate (lfh) with pepsin against the foodborne pathogens salmonella stanley, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus.	2002	12392532
bovine lymphocytes express functional receptors for escherichia coli shiga toxin 1.	interactions of shiga toxins (stxs) and immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases due to stx-producing escherichia coli (stec) infections in humans and facilitate the persistence of infection in asymptomatically infected cattle. our recent findings that bovine b and t lymphocytes express gb(3)/cd77, the human stx-receptor, prompted us to determine whether the bovine homologue also mediates binding and internalization of stx1. in fact, stx1 holotoxin and recombinant b subunit (rstxb ...	2002	12495672
[the correcting role of autonomous 3'-->5' exonucleases in mammalian multienzyme dna polymerase complexes].	a study was made of the correcting role of autonomous 3'-->5' exonucleases (ae) contained in multienzyme dna polymerase complexes of rat hepatocytes or calf thymocytes. dna was synthesized on phage psi x174 amber3 or m13mp2 primer-templates, and used to transfect escherichia coli spheroplasts. frequencies were estimated for direct and reverse mutations resulting from mistakes made in the course of in vitro dna synthesis. the mistake rate of the hepatocytic complex was estimated at 3 x 10(-6) wit ...	2002	12500544
genetic diversity of intimin genes of attaching and effacing escherichia coli strains.	in this study, we determined the sequences of four intimin variant genes detected in attaching and effacing escherichia coli isolates of human origin. three of them were novel and were designated eae-eta (eta), eae-iota (iota), and eae-kappa (kappa). the fourth was identical to the recently described eae-zeta (zeta), isolated from a bovine e. coli o84:nm isolate. we compared these sequences with those of published intimin-alpha, intimin-beta, intimin-gamma1, intimin-gamma2, intimin- epsilon, and ...	2002	12454140
observation of additional calcium ion in the crystal structure of the triple mutant k56,120,121m of bovine pancreatic phospholipase a2.	phospholipase a(2) catalyses hydrolysis of the ester bond at the c2 position of 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. here we report the 1.9a resolution crystal structure of the triple mutant k56,120,121m of bovine pancreatic phospholipase a(2). the structure was solved by molecular replacement method using the orthorhombic form of the recombinant phospholipase a(2). the final protein model contains all the 123 amino acid residues, two calcium ions, 125 water molecules and one 2-methyl-2-4-pentanediol molecul ...	2002	12460575
consequences of ehec colonisation in humans and cattle.	while many factors have been associated with human ehec infection, the full role these play in both human and ruminant hosts are not yet clear despite much investigation. it is hoped that the continued intense international research effort into ehec will provide further insights into the commensal versus pathogenic lifestyles of e. coli and lead to approaches to reduce ehec carriage in ruminants as well as prevent or treat human disease.	2002	12398208
mechanisms involved in milk endogenous proteolysis induced by a lipopolysaccharide experimental mastitis.	experimental mastitis has been induced by the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli on six dairy cows in order to study the mechanisms involved in milk endogenous proteolysis during the inflammatory process. variations in somatic cell count (scc), plasmin activity, and total casein (cn) content were measured, and proteose-peptone content and the percentage of ph 4.6 insoluble peptides including gamma-cn have been considered as indicators of endogenous proteolysis. furthermore, polymorphon ...	2002	12416808
influence of dry period bacterial intramammary infection on clinical mastitis in dairy cows.	milk samples were taken from 1920 quarters (480 cows, six herds) on four occasions to examine the relationship between quarter level intramammary infection (imi) during the dry period and clinical mastitis in the next lactation. all quarters were sampled at drying off and within 1 wk of calving, and two quarters from each cow were sampled both 0 to 7 and 8 to 14 d before calving. milk samples were collected from all cases of clinical mastitis during the following lactation. logistic regression m ...	2002	12416812
inducible expression of an antimicrobial peptide of the innate immunity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	epithelia- and leukocyte-associated antimicrobial peptides provide immediate protection against microbial infections by rapidly inactivating potential pathogens. bac5 is a member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides and is stored in the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils. we investigated the expression of this gene in airway and intestine, and although the gene was not found to be locally expressed in these tissues, a strong bac5 induction signal was detected by in situ h ...	2002	12429723
isolation, crystallisation, and preliminary x-ray analysis of the bovine mitochondrial ef-tu:gdp and ef-tu:ef-ts complexes.	previous studies have shown that when bovine mitochondrial elongation factor ts (ef-ts) is expressed in escherichia coli, it forms a tightly associated complex with e. coli elongation factor tu (ef-tu). in contrast to earlier experiments, purification of free mitochondrial ef-ts was accomplished under nondenaturing conditions since only about 60% of the expressed ef-ts copurified with e. coli ef-tu. the bovine mitochondrial ef-tu:gdp complex, the homologous mitochondrial ef-tu:ef-ts complex, and ...	2002	12445479
resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in food-related bacteria.	microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents continues to be a major problem. the frequent use and misuse of disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) in food-processing industries have imposed a selective pressure and may contribute to the emergence of disinfectant-resistant microorganisms. a total number of 1,325 gram-negative isolates (escherichia coli, other coliforms vibrio spp., and aeromonas spp.) and 500 enterococcus spp. from food and food-processing industries and fis ...	2002	12523638
cloning, sequencing and expression of porcine cd40 ligand in escherichia coli and human and porcine cells.	the cd40l ligand (cd40l) plays an important role in the interaction between antigen-specific t lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. the porcine cd40l encoding gene was isolated from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) using rt-pcr. sequence analysis of the cloned cd40l gene showed an open reading frame of 786 base pairs encoding a 262 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 29 kd. the deduced amino acid sequence of the porcine cd40l shared 82%, 88% and 93% simila ...	2002	12633569
effect of pasteurization on survival of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk.	mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mptb) is the causative agent of johne's disease of ruminant animals including cattle, goats, and sheep. it has been suggested that this organism is associated with crohn's disease in humans, and milk is a potential source of human exposure to this organism. a total of 18, including 7 regular batch and 11 high temperature short time (htst) pasteurization experiments, were conducted in this study. raw milk or ultra-high temperature pasteurized milk samples were spik ...	2002	12512593
cloning, characterization, and expression studies in escherichia coli of growth hormone cdnas from indian zebu cattle, reverine buffalo, and beetal goat.	the growth hormone cdnas from three different economically important animal species of indian origin viz., indian zebu cattle (bos indicus), indian reverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis), and beetal goat (capra hircus) were isolated by the rt-pcr technique. the amplified product was then cloned into phagemid pbluescriptiiks- and the nucleotide sequence of the entire 573 base coding region for each product was determined. the genetic sequences as well as the translated protein sequence of these rumin ...	2002	12517072
occurrence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy herds in the west littoral region in uruguay.	twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the west littoral region of uruguay. in samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20 degrees c during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. no bacteria grew ...	2002	12831175
the effect of the intramammary infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin on ovulation in lactating dairy cows.	the purpose of this experiment was to determine if intramammary inflammation during the periovulatory period affects the occurrence of ovulation in lactating dairy cows. ten lactating, cyclic, holstein dairy cows received 2 injections of prostaglandin f2alpha at eleven-day intervals, to synchronize luteolysis. the day of the second injection was designated as day 0. ovulation was anticipated to occur 3-5 days later (on days 3-5). beginning at the morning milking on day 1, cows received intramamm ...	2002	14666151
prevalence and genetic profiling of virulence determinants of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from cattle, beef, and humans, calcutta, india.	we investigated the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in hospitalized diarrhea patients in calcutta, india, as well as in healthy domestic cattle and raw beef samples collected from the city's abattoir. multiplex polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for stx1 and stx2 detected stec in 18% of cow stool samples, 50% of raw beef samples, and 1.4% and 0.6% of bloody and watery stool samples, respectively, from hospitalized diarrhea patients. various virulence gen ...	2002	11749749
regulation of photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (pde6) by phosphorylation of its inhibitory gamma subunit re-evaluated.	phosphorylation of the inhibitory gamma subunit (pgamma) of rod cgmp phosphodiesterase (pde6) has been reported to turn off visual excitation without the requirement for inactivation of the photoreceptor g-protein transducin. we evaluated the significance of pgamma phosphorylation for pde6 regulation by preparing pgamma stoichiometrically phosphorylated at thr(22) or at thr(35). phosphorylation of pgamma at either residue caused a minor decrease--not the previously reported increase--in the abil ...	2002	11741972
molecular typing techniques to characterize the development of a lactic acid bacteria community on vacuum-packaged beef.	the development of a community of lactic acid bacteria from vacuum-packaged beef was investigated during a 6-week storage trial at 2 degrees c. the lactic acid bacteria population was monitored by using molecular techniques to identify a random sample of isolates at biweekly intervals during the storage trial. the polymerase chain reaction and a randomly amplified polymorphic dna technique were used to identify and distinguish populations of lactic acid bacteria that developed during the storage ...	2002	11843419
trends in antibacterial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens during a seven-year period.	milk samples collected from dairy cattle suspected of having mastitis were submitted to the microbiology laboratory of the animal health diagnostic laboratory, michigan state university, for bacteriologic culture. a total of 2778 isolates, from the years 1994 to 2000, were isolated, identified, and subjected to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, in accordance with national committee on clinical laboratory standards (nccls) standards. isolates included ...	2002	12086045
biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics.	the calgary biofilm device (cbd) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin g, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative b ...	2002	11989739
hsc66 substrate specificity is directed toward a discrete region of the iron-sulfur cluster template protein iscu.	hsc66 and hsc20 comprise a specialized chaperone system important for the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters in escherchia coli. only a single substrate, the fe/s template protein iscu, has been identified for the hsc66/hsc20 system, but the mechanism by which hsc66 selectively binds iscu is unknown. we have investigated hsc66 substrate specificity using phage display and a peptide array of iscu. screening of a heptameric peptide phage display library revealed that hsc66 prefers peptides with a ce ...	2002	11994302
wild animals as reservoirs of infectious diseases in the uk.	this review aims to illustrate the extent to which wildlife act as reservoirs of infectious agents that cause disease in domestic stock, pet and captive animals and humans. more than 40 agents are described. in the case of some of these, e.g. cryptosporidium spp., escherichia coli o157 and malignant catarrhal fever, the current evidence is that wildlife either does not act as a reservoir or is of limited importance. however, in the case of many important diseases, including bovine tuberculosis, ...	2002	12093188
salmonella and other enterobacteriaceae in dairy-cow feed ingredients: antimicrobial resistance in western oregon.	several studies have suggested an association between the use of antimicrobial agents in animal feeds and an increased risk that humans will contract resistant strains of bacteria such as salmonella species, escherichia coli, and other enteric isolates. the authors of this study evaluated whether animal feeds might serve as sources of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, especially bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. from july through august 1998, samples of feed ingredients were collected from ...	2002	12004595
combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (saflp) for differentiation of multiresistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium.	to assess the combined application of plasmid profile typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and pcr-based single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (saflp) for the differentiation of 18 multiresistant (mr) and one drug-sensitive strain of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium from humans and food animals.	2002	12010170
aggregation of animal lactobacilli with o157 enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli.	the effect of selected autoaggregative lactobacilli on enterohemorragic o157 escherichia coli was studied. a total of 27 lactobacillus sp. strains were examined for expression of autoaggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity. autoaggregative isolates were obtained from the crops of chickens and vaginas of calves. aggregative activity was seen between eight autoaggregative lactobacilli and six strains of enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157. the presence of aggregation-promoting factor (apf gene) was ...	2002	12019947
prevalence and molecular characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 in bulk tank milk and fecal samples from cull cows: a 12-month survey of dairy farms in east tennessee.	a study on the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 was conducted on 30 dairy farms in east tennessee between may 2000 and april 2001. this pathogen was isolated from 8 of 30 (26.7%) dairy farms at various sampling times. a total of 415 fecal samples from cull dairy cows and 268 bulk tank milk samples were analyzed. overall, 10 of 683 (1.46%) samples (2 of 268 [0.75%] milk samples and 8 of 415 [1.93%] fecal samples) tested positive for e. coli o157:h7. food and drug administration bacteriologi ...	2002	12030284
mycobacterium tuberculosis mammalian cell entry operon (mce) homologs in mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (mott).	the cloned mammalian cell entry gene mce1a from mycobacterium tuberculosis confers to non-pathogenic escherichia coli the ability to invade and survive inside macrophages and hela cells. the aim of this work was to search for and characterize homologs of the four m. tuberculosis mammalian cell entry operons (mce1, mce2, mce3 and mce4) in mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (mott). the dot-blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) experiments performed on 24 clinical isolates representing 20 diff ...	2002	12052567
identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other enterohemorrhagic serotypes by ehec- hlya targeting, strand displacement amplification, and fluorescence polarization.	human disease caused by enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 and other serotypes (ehec) has been associated with bovine fecal contamination of food and the environment. the range of serotypes, low infectious dose, and numerous transmission vehicles for ehec render development of detection methods for this pathogen complex. in this study, the hemolysin gene (ehec- hly a) was targeted with oligonucleotides, and probe-target hybrids were amplified using strand displacement amplification (sda). amplico ...	2002	12030758
development of a procedure for discriminating among escherichia coli isolates from animal and human sources.	counts of escherichia coli cells in water indicate the potential presence of pathogenic microbes of intestinal origin but give no indication of the sources of the microbial pollution. the objective of this research was to evaluate methods for differentiating e. coli isolates of livestock, wildlife, or human origin that might be used to predict the sources of fecal pollution of water. a collection of 319 e. coli isolates from the feces of cattle, poultry, swine, deer, goose, and moose, as well as ...	2002	12039721
lochial secretions of escherichia coli- or arcanobacterium pyogenes-infected bovine uteri modulate the phenotype and the functional capacity of neutrophilic granulocytes.	it has been suggested that in cases of puerperal endometritis of cattle infected with escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes, the neutrophils are compromised in their defense capacity or downregulated functionally. in addition to direct bacterial effects, contents of lochial secretions and secreted products of locally activated polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (pmns) may also account for changes in function of freshly immigrating neutrophils. in this study, lochial secretions w ...	2002	12041909
ph, inhibitor, and substrate specificity studies on escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 5.	the recent structural determination of escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 5 (pbp 5) provides the opportunity for detailed structure-function studies of this enzyme. pbp 5 was investigated in terms of its stability, linear reaction kinetics, acyl-donor substrate specificity, inhibition by a number of active site-directed reagents, and ph profile. pbp 5 demonstrated linear reaction kinetics for up to several hours. dilution of pbp 5 generally resulted in substantial loss of activity, unle ...	2002	12044907
effect of enrofloxacin treatment on plasma endotoxin during bovine escherichia coli mastitis.	to investigate the effect of enrofloxacin on endotoxin resorption during bovine escherichia coli mastitis.	2002	12058958
e. coli aconitase b structure reveals a heat-like domain with implications for protein-protein recognition.	the major bifunctional aconitase of escherichia coli (acnb) serves as either an enzymic catalyst or a mrna-binding post-transcriptional regulator, depending on the status of its iron sulfur cluster. acnb represents a large, distinct group of gram-negative bacterial aconitases that have an altered domain organization relative to mitochondrial aconitase and other aconitases. here the 2.4 a structure of e. coli acnb reveals a high degree of conservation at the active site despite its domain reorgan ...	2002	11992126
effect of salivary gland extracts from the tick, boophilus microplus, on leucocytes from brahman and hereford cattle.	the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from boophilus microplus on peripheral blood lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes from brahman (bos indicus) and hereford (bos taurus) cattle was investigated. sge (8 micro g) significantly inhibited the proliferation response of lymphocytes to concanavalin a from both brahman and hereford cattle by 89% and 41%, respectively. the difference in inhibition between the two breeds was highly significant (p < 0.01), whilst at 1 micro g of sge, significant ...	2002	12164821
prevalence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in slurry, farmyard manure and sewage sludge in france.	the aims of the present study were to determine vtec prevalence in manure, slurry and sewage sludge in france and to characterize the vtec strains isolated (virulence genes and serotype).	2002	12174046
efficacy of immunization with ferric citrate receptor feca from escherichia coli on induced coliform mastitis.	the effects of immunization with the ferric citrate receptor feca on antibody responses and on experimentally induced mastitis following intramammary challenge were investigated. twenty-one cows were assigned to seven blocks of three cows based on expected parturition. cows within block were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) feca immunization, 2) escherichia coli j5 immunization, and 3) unimmunized controls. challenge was by infusion of approximately 60 cfu of e. coli 727 into one ...	2002	12018422
pathogenic shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in the intestine of calves.	the purpose of this study was to compare the pathological effects of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) that vary in their association with bovine and human disease. shiga toxin-producing e. coli of serotypes associated with both dysentery in calves and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) in humans (o5:h-, o26:h11, o111:h-,o113:h21) were compared with o157:h7 stec, which are associated with hus in humans but not with disease in calves. the stec were administered orally to 80 day-old chick ...	2002	11989736
[surveillance of escherichia coli o157:h7 among animals in jiangsu province in 1999].	to understand the escherichia coli o157:h7 carrier rate of host animals and the toxic gene of the strains in different areas in jiangsu province.	2002	12015089
definition of the first mannosylation step in phosphatidylinositol mannoside synthesis. pima is essential for growth of mycobacteria.	we examined the function of the pima (rv2610c) gene, located in the vicinity of the phosphatidylinositol synthase gene in the genomes of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium smegmatis, which encodes a putative mannosyltransferase involved in the early steps of phosphatidylinositol mannoside synthesis. a cell-free assay was developed in which membranes from m. smegmatis overexpressing the pima gene incorporate mannose from gdp-[(14)c]man into di- and tri-acylated phosphatidylinositol mono ...	2002	12068013
[survey of the presence of bacterial pathogens in foods sold at retail stores in the city of cassino].	the presence of bacterial food pathogens was evaluated in 154 food samples collected from supermarkets and butchers in the city of cassino (south-central italy). food pathogens were identified in 17.5% of the total food samples. in the raw meat samples, 24.6% tested positives for listeria monocytogenes, 4.3% for salmonella and 2.9% for escherichia coli o157. y. enterocolitica, only investigated in pork meat, was identified in 7.4% of the samples. in poultry, l. monocytogenes was identified in 55 ...	2002	12070904
an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm.	outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. we describe an outbreak among visitors to a pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals.	2002	12192014
a new electron transport mechanism in mitochondrial steroid hydroxylase systems based on structural changes upon the reduction of adrenodoxin.	the adrenal ferredoxin (adrenodoxin, adx) is an acidic 14.4-kda [2fe-2s] ferredoxin that belongs to the vertebrate ferredoxin family. it is involved in the electron transfer from the flavoenzyme nadph-adrenodoxin-reductase to cytochromes p-450(scc) and p-450(11)(beta). the interaction between the redox partners during electron transport has not yet been fully established. determining the tertiary structure of an electron-transfer protein may be very helpful in understanding the transport mechani ...	2002	12069587