Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| immunoreactivity of the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 19-kda lipoprotein. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-kda lipoprotein has been reported to stimulate both t and b cell responses as well as induce a number of th1 cytokines. in order to evaluate the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis) 19-kda lipoprotein as an immunomodulator in cattle with johne's disease, the gene encoding the 19-kda protein (map0261c) was analyzed. | 2005 | 15663791 |
| escherichia coli o157 prevalence in dutch poultry, pig finishing and veal herds and risk factors in dutch veal herds. | in the period october 1996 through december 2000, a total of 7163 pooled faecal samples of laying hen and broiler flocks, finishing-pig herds and veal herds were examined for the presence of salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 as part of a national monitoring programme in the netherlands. isolates were tested for eae and vt genes. risk factors for dutch veal herds were quantified. for all herd/flock types, faecal samples were cultured for e. coli ... | 2005 | 15951037 |
| effects of diet energy density and milking frequency in early lactation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha responsiveness in dairy cows. | a whole blood stimulation assay (wba) with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were established to measure the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in bovine plasma. the assays were used to study the effect of time around parturition, and diet energy density, and milking frequency on tnf-alpha responsiveness of dairy cows in early lactation. forty cows were included in a 2 x 2 factorial block design. one factor was high (h) ... | 2005 | 15734538 |
| prevalence and associations between bacterial isolates from dry mammary glands of dairy cows. | to assess the prevalence and patterns of bacterial isolates, cultures were made from the dry mammary glands of dairy cows in six commercial dairy herds in the uk. milk samples were taken from all four quarters of 480 cows at drying off and at weekly intervals from 14 days before to seven days after calving. a major mastitis pathogen was isolated from at least one quarter of 220 (45.8 per cent) of the cows and from more than one quarter of 90 (18.8 per cent) of them. during the late dry to calvin ... | 2005 | 15689035 |
| declines of zoonotic agents in liquid livestock wastes stored in batches on-farm. | to measure the decline rates of zoonotic agents introduced into liquid livestock wastes in on-farm storage tanks. | 2005 | 15960665 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: pre- and postharvest control measures to ensure safety of dairy cattle products. | the large number of cases of human illness caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) worldwide has raised safety concerns for foods of bovine origin. these human illnesses include diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. severe cases end with chronic renal failure, chronic nervous system deficiencies, and death. over 100 stec serotypes, including e. coli o157:h7, are known to cause these illnesses and to be shed in cattle fe ... | 2005 | 15690827 |
| modelling the epidemiology of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli serogroups in young calves. | we investigate the epidemiology of 12 verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) serogroups observed in a calf cohort on a scottish beef farm. fitting mathematical models to the observed time-course of infections reveals that there is significant calf-to-calf transmission of vtec. our models suggest that 40% of all detected infections are from calf-to-calf transmission and 60% from other sources. variation in the rates at which infected animals recover from infection by different vtec serog ... | 2005 | 15962551 |
| using national microbiological data to set meaningful performance criteria for slaughter and dressing of animals at australian export abattoirs. | slaughter establishments in australia that export meat to the usa are required by the controlling authority, the australian quarantine and inspection service (aqis), to test carcases under the escherichia coli and salmonella monitoring (esam) program and to use statistical process control techniques to ensure meat is produced hygienically. however, analysing the esam database for e. coli using standard statistical techniques proved difficult because of inter-plant variability and because the vas ... | 2005 | 15964649 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli isolates from dairy farms using organic versus conventional production methods. | to compare antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of escherichia coli isolates cultured from fecal samples from cows and calves on dairy farms that used organic (ie, no or severely limited antimicrobial use) versus conventional production methods. | 2005 | 15742702 |
| myositis, lameness, and recumbency after use of water-in-oil adjuvanted vaccines in near-term beef cattle. | a producer administered 2 us department of agriculture-licensed adjuvanted veterinary vaccines (inactivated bovine rotavirus-coronavirus vaccine; clostridium perfringens type c-escherichia coli bacterin-toxoid) into muscles of the left and right hips of 469 pregnant beef cows. within 24 hours, 5 cattle were recumbent, and another 2 had non-weight bearing pelvic limb lameness (1.5% affected; 7/469). during the next 10 days, 50% of the herd developed firm swellings up to 24 cm in vaccination sites ... | 2005 | 15690947 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of affinity-captured proteins on a dendrimer-based immunosensing surface: investigation of on-chip proteolytic digestion. | the monolayer of fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimers was adopted to construct the immunoaffinity surface of an antibody layer. the antibody layer as a bait on the dendrimer monolayer was found to result in high binding capacity of antigenic proteins and a reliable detection. the affinity-captured protein at the immunosensing surface was subjected to direct on-chip tryptic digestion, and the resulting proteolytic peptides were analyzed by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizatio ... | 2005 | 15691510 |
| hplc purification of recombinant ncgra6 antigen improves enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis. | the gene for a dense granule protein (ncgra6) of neospora caninum was expressed in escherichia coli as a his-tag fusion protein and purified by ninta affinity chromatography. in a preliminary study, high binding of antibodies from n. caninum-negative cows was observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using ninta-purified ncgra6. analysis of ninta eluates revealed a significant number of e. coli proteins that co-purified with recombinant ncgra6. in an attempt to improve the relative s ... | 2005 | 15970387 |
| persistence of escherichia coli o157 isolates on bovine farms in england and wales. | we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on escherichia coli o157 isolates (n = 318) from 199 healthy animals in a longitudinal study carried out on nine farms. investigation of the restriction types proved that at the farm level, the same clones can be detected on sampling occasions separated by as much as 17 months. the cohort animals were repeatedly sampled, and for some of these, the same clones were obtained on sampling occasions separated by as much as 8 months. | 2005 | 15695700 |
| antimicrobial and chemoattractant activity, lipopolysaccharide neutralization, cytotoxicity, and inhibition by serum of analogs of human cathelicidin ll-37. | antimicrobial peptides have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. apart from being antimicrobial, the native human cathelicidin-derived peptide ll-37 (amino acids [aa] 104 to 140 of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) also binds and neutralizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and might therefore have beneficial effects in the treatment of septic shock. however, clinical trials have been hampered by indications of toxic effects of ll-37 on m ... | 2005 | 15980359 |
| effect of escherichia coli wild type or its derivative with high nitrite reductase activity on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and nitrate/nitrite reduction. | the effects of two kinds of escherichia coli strains, wild-type e. coli w3110 or e. coli nir-ptac, which has enhanced nitrite reduction activity, on in vitro ch4 production and nitrate and nitrite reduction in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms was investigated using continuous incubation systems. escherichia coli nir-ptac, a derivative of wild-type e. coli w3110, was constructed by replacing self promoter of nir bd operon encoding subunits of nitrite reductase in e. coli w3110 by tac prom ... | 2005 | 15705761 |
| dose dependency and individual variability in selected clinical, haematological and blood biochemical responses after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge in cattle. | previous studies have noted that susceptibility to systemic lipopolysaccharide (lps) exposure seems to differ between individual cows. however, to date inter-individual variation in the response to intravenous injection of lps has been reported only as an empirical finding, and its existence or extent has never been backed up by statistical analyses. the aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the dose-dependency of clinical, haematological and blood biochemical responses to intrav ... | 2005 | 15720970 |
| comparative efficacy of local and systemic antibiotic treatment in lactating cows with clinical mastitis. | the intramuscular administration of penethamate hydriodide over 3 consecutive days and the intramammary administration of an ampicillin/cloxacillin combination were compared in lactating cows suffering from infectious clinical mastitis in one quarter, through an open, randomized, controlled multicenter field trial. clinical examinations were carried out on d 1 (immediately before treatment), 3, 8, 17, and 22. milk samples were taken from affected quarters for bacteriological analysis on d 1, 17, ... | 2005 | 15591371 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in dairy cattle and their products. | the main objective of this review was to assess the role of dairy cattle and their products in human infections with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). a large number of stec strains (e.g., members of the serogroups o26, o91, o103, o111, o118, o145, and o166) have caused major outbreaks and sporadic cases of human illnesses that have ranged from mild diarrhea to the life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome. these illnesses were traced to o157 and non-o157 stec. in most cases, stec ... | 2005 | 15653509 |
| identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h- genes required for intestinal colonization in calves. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) infections in humans are an important public health problem and are commonly acquired via contact with ruminant feces. the serogroups that are predominantly associated with human infection in the united states and europe are o157 and o26. serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h- differ in their virulence and tissue tropism in calves and therefore may colonize calves by distinct mechanisms. the mechanisms underlying ehec intestinal colonization and pathogenesis are p ... | 2005 | 15731074 |
| n-terminal deletion of the gamma subunit affects the stabilization and activity of chloroplast atp synthase. | five truncation mutants of chloroplast atp synthase gamma subunit from spinach (spinacia oleracea) lacking 8, 12, 16, 20 or 60 n-terminal amino acids were generated by pcr by a mutagenesis method. the recombinant gamma genes were overexpressed in escherichia coli and assembled with alphabeta subunits into a native complex. the wild-type (wt) alphabetagamma assembly i.e. alphabetagammawt exhibited high (mg2+)-dependent and (ca2+)-dependent atp hydrolytic activity. deletions of eight residues of t ... | 2005 | 15752355 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of sorbitol-negative or slow-fermenting (suspected o157) escherichia coli isolated from milk samples in lombardy region. | to investigate phenotypic and genotypic aspects of sorbitol-negative or slow-fermenting escherichia coli, suspected to belong to o157 serogroup, isolated in italy. | 2005 | 15892748 |
| characterization of a shiga toxin-, intimin-, and enterotoxin hemolysin-producing escherichia coli ont:h25 strain commonly isolated from healthy cattle. | among bovine fecal and recto-anal mucosal swab samples cultured in our laboratory for escherichia coli o157:h7, we frequently isolated e. coli organisms that were phenotypically similar to the o157:h7 serotype as non-sorbitol fermenting and negative for beta-glucuronidase activity but serotyped o nontypeable:h25 (ont:h25). this study determined the prevalence and virulence properties of the e. coli ont:h25 isolates. among dairy and feedlot cattle (n = 170) sampled in washington, idaho, and alber ... | 2005 | 16000438 |
| evaluation of culture- and pcr-based detection methods for escherichia coli o157:h7 in inoculated ground beeft. | currently, several beef processors employ test-and-hold systems for increased quality control of ground beef. in such programs, each lot of product must be tested and found negative for escherichia coli o157:h7 prior to release of the product into commerce. optimization of three testing attributes (detection time, specificity, and sensitivity) is critical to the success of such strategies. because ground beef is a highly perishable product, the testing methodology used must be as rapid as possib ... | 2005 | 21132961 |
| reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in ground beef using lactic acid bacteria and the impact on sensory properties. | studies were conducted to determine whether four strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) inhibited escherichia coli o157: h7 and salmonella in ground beef at 5 degrees c and whether these bacteria had an impact on the sensory properties of the beef. the lab consisted of frozen concentrated cultures of four lactobacillus strains, and a cocktail mixture of streptomycin-resistant e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella were used as pathogens. individual lab isolates at 10(7) cfu/ml were added to tryptic soy b ... | 2005 | 21132964 |
| a comparison of aflp and eric-pcr analyses for discriminating escherichia coli from cattle, pig and human sources. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (eric-pcr) genomic fingerprinting assays were compared for their ability to differentiate escherichia coli isolates obtained from various host sources, and with respect to their pathogenicity. one hundred and ten verotoxigenic, enterotoxigenic and non-pathogenic e. coli isolates obtained from cattle, humans and pigs were used in this study. the aflp assay was shown to be hi ... | 2004 | 19712352 |
| possible animal origin of human-associated, multidrug-resistant, uropathogenic escherichia coli. | the multistate occurrence of cases of urinary tract infection (uti) caused by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz)-resistant escherichia coli strains belonging to a single clonal group (designated as clonal group a [cga]) in the united states has raised an intriguing hypothesis that these infections may have been spread by contaminated food products. the present study attempted to determine if cga strains could be traced to food animals. | 2004 | 15655743 |
| high level production of bovine angiogenin in e. coli by an efficient refolding procedure. | recombinant bovine angiogenin (rbang) was expressed in e. coli at up to 30% of total cell proteins but was produced as inclusion bodies. by investigating the effect of various factors on the refolding yield, we obtained about 60% refolding. after chromatographic purification, about 60 mg purified angiogenin was obtained from 1 l culture. the purified recombinant bovine angiogenin was identical to native bovine angiogenin (nbang) obtained from cow's milk. our approach is highly efficient and can ... | 2004 | 15604787 |
| molecular cloning of bovine cardiac muscle heat-shock protein 70 kda and its phosphorylation by camp-dependent protein kinase in vitro. | the 70-kda heat-shock protein (hsp70) has been cloned and sequenced from bovine cardiac muscle. on the basis of sequence features, the gene corresponds to the cytoplasmic form of hsp70. this cardiac hsp70 cdna clone has an open reading frame of 1926 bp coding for 641 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 70.25 kda. comparison of the amino acid sequence revealed an extensive sequence identity with other species of hsp70. escherichia coli expressed cardiac hsp70 stimulated a 2-fold increas ... | 2004 | 15491140 |
| isolation of escherichia coli o157 from human and bovine faeces in the urbino area, italy. | we examined 476 faecal samples from subjects aged from 0 to >60 years, 283 with diarrhoea and 193 with illnesses involving other sites or clinically healthy, and 154 samples of faeces of healthy cattle, in order to define the diffusion of e. coli o157 in the urbino area. the samples were seeded by both direct streaking onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol mac conkey agar (ct-smac) and previous enrichment in cefixime tellurite tryptone soya broth for human specimens and in cefixime vancomicin trypton ... | 2004 | 15729839 |
| examination of heat stress and stage of lactation (early versus late) on fecal shedding of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella in dairy cattle. | mature, healthy lactating dairy cattle were sampled on two farms in the southwestern united states to examine the effects of heat stress (experiment i) and stage of lactation (experiment ii) on the fecal shedding of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella. to examine the effects of heat stress, fecal samples were collected from 45 cows at 7:00 am (coolest part of the day) and 5:00 pm (hottest part of the day) in august 2002 on a 250 cow dairy. the study was replicated one month later (n = 170 total sampl ... | 2004 | 15992270 |
| virulence genes and intimin types of shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from cattle and beef products in argentina. | a total of 153 shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates from feces of cattle and beef products (hamburgers and ground beef) in argentina were characterized in this study. pcr showed that 22 (14%) isolates carried stx1 genes, 113 (74%) possessed stx2 genes and 18 (12%) both stx1 and stx2. intimin (eae), enterohemolysin (ehxa), and stec autoagglutinating adhesin (saa) virulence genes were detected in 36 (24%), 70 (46%) and in 34 (22%) of the isolates, respectively. none of 34 saa-pos ... | 2004 | 15666247 |
| horizontal transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 during cattle housing. | ruminant livestock, particularly cattle, is considered the primary reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7. this study examines the transmission of e. coli o157:h7 within groups of cattle during winter housing. holstein friesian steers were grouped in six pens of five animals. an animal inoculated with and proven to be shedding a marked strain of e. coli o157: h7 was introduced into each pen. fecal (rectal swabs) and hide samples (900 cm2 from the right rump) were taken from the 36 animals through ... | 2004 | 15633666 |
| bile-induced dna damage in salmonella enterica. | in the absence of dna adenine methylase, growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is inhibited by bile. mutations in any of the muth, mutl, and muts genes suppress bile sensitivity in a dam(-) background, indicating that an active muthls system renders dam(-) mutants bile sensitive. however, inactivation of the muthls system does not cause bile sensitivity. an analogy with escherichia coli, in which the muthls system sensitizes dam(-) mutants to dna-injuring agents, suggested that bile ... | 2004 | 15611156 |
| role of s fimbriae in escherichia coli k1 binding to brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and penetration into the central nervous system in vivo. | bacterial binding to host cell surface is considered an important initial step in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases including meningitis. previous studies using a laboratory escherichia coli (e. coli) strain hb101 possessing a recombinant plasmid carrying the cloned s fimbriae gene cluster have shown that s fimbriae are the major contributor to binding to bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec) for hb101. our present study, however, revealed that s fimbriae did not play a ... | 2004 | 15619424 |
| serotypes and virulence markers of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from dairy cattle in são paulo state, brazil. | in order to determine the occurrence, serotypes and virulence markers of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains, 153 fecal samples of cattle randomly selected from six dairy farms in sao paulo state, brazil, were examined for shiga toxin (stx) production by the vero cell assay. feces were directly streaked onto macconkey sorbitol agar and incubated at 37 degrees c overnight. sorbitol-negative colonies (maximum 20) and up to 10 sorbitol-positive colonies from each plate were subcul ... | 2004 | 15607081 |
| distribution of escherichia coli o157 in bovine fecal pats and its impact on estimates of the prevalence of fecal shedding. | the distribution of escherichia coli o157 in bovine feces was examined by testing multiple samples from fecal pats and determining the density of e. coli o157 in immunomagnetic separation (ims)-positive fecal samples. the density of e. coli o157 in bovine feces was highly variable, differing by as much as 76,800 cfu g(-1) between samples from the same fecal pat. the density in most positive samples was <100 cfu g(-1), the limit of reliable detection by ims. testing only one 1-g sample of feces p ... | 2004 | 15466508 |
| intermittent and persistent shedding of escherichia coli o157 in cohorts of naturally infected calves. | we conducted two short-term studies of cohorts of naturally infected calves to determine the prevalence and concentrations of escherichia coli o157 shed in faeces. | 2004 | 15479421 |
| effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. | our objective was to estimate the effects of the first occurrence of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm) on milk yield in 3071 dairy cows in 2 new york state farms. the pathogens studied were streptococcus spp.,staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., arcanobacterium pyogenes, other pathogens grouped together, and "no pathogen isolated." data were collected from october 1999 to july 2001. milk samples were collected from cows showing signs of cm and wer ... | 2004 | 15377615 |
| modulating effect of serum on the stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 production in human gingival fibroblasts by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1beta. | plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (pai-2) is an important counter proteolysis factor which helps protect tissues from inflammatory stress. the expression of pai-2 can be modulated by various inflammatory stimulants and mediators. the aim of the present study was to investigate how serum factors, might modulate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and interleukin-1beta on pai-2 production by human gingival fibroblasts. | 2004 | 15368874 |
| serum amyloid a and tnf alpha in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis. | a cross-over study was conducted to investigate the effect of intramammarily infused lipopolysaccharide (lps) on the acute phase reaction in early (el) and in late (ll) lactation. nine cows received intramammary injections of 100 microg of escherichia coli 0111:b4 lps during el and ll. the severity of each cows systemic and local signs and change in milk appearance were recorded and scored throughout the experiment. systemic and local signs were found to be more serious in el cows. tumor necrosi ... | 2004 | 15535955 |
| water and ion permeation in baqp1 and glpf channels: a kinetic monte carlo study. | the kinetic monte carlo reaction-path-following technique is applied to determine the lowest-energy water pathway and the coordinating amino acids in baqp1 and glpf channels, both treated as rigid. in baqp1, water molecules pass through the pore between the asparagine-proline-alanine (npa) and selectivity filter (sf) sites one at a time. the water chain is interrupted at the sf where one water forms three stable hydrogen bonds with protein atoms. in this sf, water's conformation depends on the p ... | 2004 | 15377535 |
| dose dependency and individual variability of the lipopolysaccharide-induced bovine acute phase protein response. | in order to investigate the dose dependency and the individual variability of the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced acute phase protein response in cattle, 8 nonlactating, nonpregnant danish holstein cows were challenged 3 times each by intravenous injection of increasing doses (10, 100, and 1000 ng/kg, consecutively) of escherichia coli lps with 3-wk intervals. all 3 lps doses resulted in a rapid increase in serum concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid a (saa) and a decrease in serum co ... | 2004 | 15377612 |
| efficacy of an escherichia coli j-5 mutant strain bacterin in the protection of calves from endotoxin disease caused by subcutaneous challenge with endotoxins from escherichia coli. | the purpose of this trial was to examine the potential of a new escherichia (e) coli j-5 mutant strain bacterin to reduce the severity of clinical disease caused by subcutaneous challenge with endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria in calves. day-old to 3-day old calves (n = 40 per study phase) were randomly assigned to either of two treatment groups, i.e. a vaccinated or a placebo group. calves in the vaccinated group received an inactivated bacterin containing a j-5 mutant strain of e. coli via ... | 2004 | 15542194 |
| viability of milk neutrophils and severity of bovine coliform mastitis. | to study the host-pathogen interactions during escherichia coli mastitis, we first determined whether e. coli infection would change blood and milk polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) chemiluminescence (cl) and viability. we then hypothesized that when e. coli invade the mammary gland, the viable pmn in milk would efficiently phagocytose and destroy e. coli before establishment of infection. we observed that the phagocytosis-dependent and independent cl were closely linked to pmn viability and we ... | 2004 | 15545377 |
| intergenic regions in the rhoptry associated protein-1 (rap-1) locus promote exogenous gene expression in babesia bovis. | members of the babesiarap-1 gene family are expressed during multiple parasite stages, and are regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. in all babesia species, tandemly arranged rap-1 gene copies are separated by an intergenic (ig) region that is hypothesized to regulate gene expression. in this study, we tested that hypothesis by determining whether the babesia bovisrap-1 ig region could promote extra-chromosomal expression of exogenous genes introduced into merozo ... | 2004 | 15380689 |
| nmr structure of the bovine prion protein isolated from healthy calf brains. | nmr structures of recombinant prion proteins from various species expressed in escherichia coli have been solved during the past years, but the fundamental question of the relevancy of these data relative to the naturally occurring forms of the prion protein has not been directly addressed. here, we present a comparison of the cellular form of the bovine prion protein isolated and purified from healthy calf brains without use of detergents, so that it contains the two carbohydrate moieties and t ... | 2004 | 15568016 |
| a nonradiometric, high-throughput assay for poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase (parg): application to inhibitor identification and evaluation. | the enzyme poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase (parg) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds of adp-ribose polymers, producing monomeric adp-ribose units. thus, in conjunction with poly(adp-ribose) polymerase (parp), parg activity regulates the extent of in vivo poly(adp-ribosyl)ation. small molecule inhibitors of parp and parg have shown considerable promise in cellular models of ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative neuronal cell death. however, currently available parg inhibitors are no ... | 2004 | 15450800 |
| ascophyllum nodosum supplementation: a preharvest intervention for reducing escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in feedlot steers. | ascophyllum nodosum (tasco-14) decreased the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 in animals fed prior to harvest. tasco-14 was supplemented on a 2% dry matter basis 14 days prior to harvest to determine its effects on ehec and salmonella spp. prevalence. two hundred mixed crossbred steers and heifers (bos indicus x bos taurus), in a large commercial finishing facility, served as experimental units. treatment (trt, n = 100) animals received a steam-rolled corn-based di ... | 2004 | 15453570 |
| development of a rapid pcr method using the insertion sequence is1203 for genotyping shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157. | we developed a rapid pcr method utilizing the diversity of the insertion site is1203 for genotyping shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157 (is1203 pcr typing). dna fragments digested by pvuii, which cut is1203 at one site, were ligated with themselves and detected by pcr with outward-facing primer pairs for is1203. to minimize nonspecific bands, nested pcr was also performed. two fingerprinting patterns produced from the upstream or downstream regions of is1203 were obtained within 1 ... | 2004 | 15583266 |
| detection and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 and non-o157 in cattle at slaughter. | between september 2001 to june 2002, 145 samples of bovine caecal content were collected at slaughter for verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) serogroups o157 and non-o157 detection. for e. coli o157 the immunomagnetic-separation technique was performed. the enterohaemolytic phenotype was the target for non-o157 vtec identification. the vero cell assay (vca) was performed for toxic activity detection. the genomic sequence for vt1, vt2 and intimin (vt1, vt2, eae genes) were identified ... | 2004 | 15460528 |
| [the prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility of veterinary pathogens isolated from cattle and pigs: national antibiotic resistance monitoring 2002/2003 of the bvl]. | the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring determines the current quantitative resistance level of life-stock pathogens, in order to permit the evaluation and surveillance of the distribution of resistances on a valid basis. during the examination period from june 2002 to july 2003, a total of 1849 pathogens was collected, following a representative german-wide pattern in collaboration with 29 laboratories. the selection of examined bacterial strains included different specimen causing res ... | 2004 | 15584430 |
| the distribution of, and antibody response to, the core lipopolysaccharide region of escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of healthy humans and cattle. | there are five different core types of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps), and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli tend to have the r3 core type. it has been hypothesized that increased carriage of bacteria with a specific core type will induce higher levels of antibodies and protect against disease caused by bacteria carrying that specific lps core. approximately 320 isolates of e. coli, half from healthy human faeces and half from healthy bovine faeces have been core typed both by core-specific ... | 2004 | 15358817 |
| coliform and pathologic bacteria in sierra nevada national forest wilderness area lakes and streams. | to analyze backcountry-area water quality in us department of agriculture forest service-designated wilderness areas for the presence of coliform and potentially pathogenic bacteria. | 2004 | 15636374 |
| phage types and genotypes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates from humans and animals in spain: identification and characterization of two predominating phage types (pt2 and pt8). | phage typing and dna macrorestriction fragment analysis by pulsed-field electrophoresis (pfge) were used for the epidemiological subtyping of a collection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 strains isolated in spain between 1980 and 1999. phage typing distinguished a total of 18 phage types among 171 strains isolated from different sources (67 humans, 82 bovines, 12 ovines, and 10 beef products). however, five phage types, phage type 2 (pt2; 42 strains), pt8 (33 strains), p ... | 2004 | 15364983 |
| chaperone activity and prodan binding at the self-associating domain of erythroid spectrin. | spectrin, the major constituent protein of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, exhibits chaperone activity by preventing the irreversible aggregation of insulin at 25 degrees c and that of alcohol dehydrogenase at 50 degrees c. the dimeric spectrin and the two subunits, alpha-spectrin and beta-spectrin prevent such aggregation appreciably better, 70% in presence of dimeric spectrin at an insulin:spectrin ratio of 1:1, than that in presence of the tetramer of 25%. our results also show that spectr ... | 2004 | 15492010 |
| the incidence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in cattle with mastitis in brazil. | to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates from bovine mastitic milk in brazil. | 2004 | 15357736 |
| [hazard evaluation of livestock-derived, verotoxin-producing escherichia coli by enterohemolysin production assay and eaea gene detection]. | we examined enterohemolysin (ehly) production, and detected the hlya gene and the eaea gene for the intestinal mucosal adherence factor intimin in 131 strains of human-derived verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) and 140 strains of livestock (cattle and swine) -derived vtec to evaluate their hazards to humans. the hlya gene was confirmed in 98.5% of human-derived, in 50.5% of cattle-derived, and in 10.3% of swine-derived vtec strains. ehly-positive rates were 96.2-97.7%, 45.9-55.0%, and 1 ... | 2004 | 15628530 |
| effect of endotoxins on contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum. | the effects of endotoxin (et) on spontaneous contractility and of carbachol- and alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-(alpha-m-5-ht; 5-ht2 receptor agonist) induced contractions of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum were investigated in vitro. preparations from the abomasal antrum of freshly slaughtered healthy dairy cows were cut parallel to the longitudinal and circular fibres, suspended in isolated organ baths, and contractility was recorded and analyzed, using digitalized ... | 2004 | 14983752 |
| one- and two-dimensional miniaturized electrophoresis of proteins with native fluorescence detection. | miniaturized electrophoresis was successfully coupled with native fluorescence detection for direct analysis of proteins in one- and two-dimensional separations. the detection setup was based on direct observation of the uv-induced fluorescence of proteins using a ccd camera and a hg (xe) lamp for sample excitation. protein mixtures were readily separated by size on a 1-cm segment of the one-dimensional gel in 8 min, and a detection limit of 0.04 ng per band was achieved. the dynamic range of th ... | 2004 | 14987093 |
| four-year survey of urinary tract infections in calves in israel. | the prevalence of urinary tract infections in calves aged seven days to three months in three dairy cattle herds ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 per cent, with an average of 1.1 per cent. the mortality rate reached 16.1 per cent. the morbidity rate of the female calves was 1.4 per cent and that of the male calves 0.8 per cent. the bacteria isolated from urine, and from vaginal and preputial swabs were escherichia coli (35 per cent), corynebacterium renale (14 per cent), plasma coagulase-negative staphylo ... | 2004 | 14994858 |
| effects of esculin and esculetin on the survival of escherichia coli o157 in human faecal slurries, continuous-flow simulations of the rumen and colon and in calves. | the human pathogen escherichia coli o157:h7 is thought to be spread by direct or indirect contact with infected animal or human faeces. the present study investigated the effects of the plant coumarin esculin and its aglycone esculetin on the survival of a strain of e. coli o157 under gut conditions. the addition of these compounds to human faecal slurries and in vitro continuous-flow fermenter models simulating conditions in the human colon and rumen caused marked decreases in the survival of a ... | 2004 | 15137927 |
| fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in manure compost-amended soil and on carrots and onions grown in an environmentally controlled growth chamber. | studies were done to determine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in manure compost-amended soil and on carrots and green onions grown in an environmentally controlled growth chamber. commercial dairy cattle manure compost was inoculated with a five-strain mixture of green fluorescent protein-labeled e. coli o157:h7 at 10(7) cfu g(-1) and mixed with unsterilized tifton sandy loam soil at a ratio of 1:5. baby carrot or green onion seedlings were planted into the manure compost-amended soil in p ... | 2004 | 15035376 |
| otitis in cattle, an aetiological review. | otitis externa in cattle has a significant impact in tropical and subtropical regions, and the aetiological agents are predominantly rhabditiform nematodes and mites of the genus raillietia. its prevalence is higher in mature and zebu cattle. in advanced clinical cases there can be irreversible and fatal neural lesions. ear infection in calves has been associated with concurrent respiratory diseases and mixed infection. the principal reported agents of otitis in calves are bacteria such as actin ... | 2004 | 14995970 |
| prevalence estimation and risk factors for escherichia coli o157 on dutch dairy farms. | to estimate the prevalence of escherichia coli o157 on dutch dairy herds, faecal samples were collected once from 678 randomly selected dairy farms in the period october 1996-december 2000. samples were cultured for e. coli o157. thirty-eight isolates were tested for virulence genes (eae, vt1 and vt2). a questionnaire about farm characteristics was taken from the farm manager, resulting in variables that could be analysed to identify and quantify factors associated with presence of e. coli o157. ... | 2004 | 15219969 |
| effect on bovine lactoferrin on the activation of the enteroinvasive bacterial type iii secretion system. | shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strains secrete virulence proteins by a complex machinery called the type iii secretion (tts) apparatus. secretion of virulence proteins is a tightly-regulated phenomenon such that the tts system is weakly active when bacteria are grown in common laboratory media. activation of the tts system is triggered by contact with eukaryotic cells, or can be artificially stimulated by the addition of congo red dye to the growth medium. exploiting the abi ... | 2004 | 15222475 |
| testing two lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus strains for their suitability as a lipoid probiotic. | two strains of lactobacilli (lactobacillus acidophilus t-135 and lactobacillus plantarum 4/97) were selected in order to study their inhibitory properties against frequent udder pathogens (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus uberis, salmonella enteritidis and bacillus pumilus), their production of organic acids as well as their ability to survive on the teat skin, the teat duct mucosa and in a lipoid emulsion. both strains inhibited the tested pathoge ... | 2004 | 15046462 |
| quantity and quality of runoff from a beef cattle feedlot in southern alberta. | southern alberta, which has a cold climate dominated by strong chinook winds, has the highest density of feedlot cattle in canada. however, the quantity and quality of runoff from beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlots in this unique region has not been investigated. our objectives were to compare runoff quantity (1998-2002) with catch-basin design criteria; determine concentrations of selected inorganic chemical parameters (1998-2000) in runoff in relation to water quality guidelines and the potenti ... | 2004 | 15224948 |
| escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus elicit differential innate immune responses following intramammary infection. | staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli are among the most prevalent species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively, that induce clinical mastitis. the innate immune system comprises the immediate host defense mechanisms to protect against infection and contributes to the initial detection of and proinflammatory response to infectious pathogens. the objective of the present study was to characterize the different innate immune responses to experimental intramammary infectio ... | 2004 | 15138171 |
| prevalence and characteristics of escherichia coli o157 from major food animals in korea. | escherichia coli o157:h7/nm (e. coli o157) is now recognized as an important cause of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. there have been several cases of human e. coli o157 infection in korea since it was first isolated from a patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in 1998. meat, other foods, and recreational and drinking water contaminated with animal feces are probably the major sources of the e. coli o157 infection. in this study, we investigated the preval ... | 2004 | 15240073 |
| microbiological conditions of mechanically tenderized beef cuts prepared at four retail stores. | a group of 25 retail cuts of mechanically tenderized beef prepared during usual commercial operations at store facilities were obtained from each of four retail stores. aerobes, coliforms, escherichia coli and organisms that formed black or grey colonies on harlequin agar (ha), a medium formulated for the recovery of listeria, were enumerated in samples from the surfaces and the deep tissues of cuts. for the four groups of cuts, the mean numbers of aerobes on the surfaces of cuts differed by <1 ... | 2004 | 15240079 |
| the expression of an r3 lipopolysaccharide-core by pathotypes of escherichia coli. | to investigate the incidence of an r3 lipopolysaccharide (lps)-core amplicon in a range of pathotypes of escherichia coli, including verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec), enteroaggregative e. coli (eaggec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). | 2004 | 15078514 |
| effect of maillard reaction products on ruminal and fecal acid-resistant e. coli, total coliforms, vfa profiles, and ph in steers. | six ruminally cannulated angus-cross steers (362 kg) were used in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design to determine effects of supplementing maillard reaction products (mrp) on acid-resistant e. coli and coliform populations. steers were fed roughage-based diets supplemented (dm basis) with either 10% soybean meal (sbm), 10% nonenzymatically browned sbm (nesbm), or 10% sbm top-dressed with 45 g of a lysine-dextrose maillard reaction product (ld-mrp). equal weights of dextrose, lysine hydrochlo ... | 2004 | 15080340 |
| differential activation of nitric-oxide synthase isozymes by calmodulin-troponin c chimeras. | the interactions of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nnos) with calmodulin (cam) and mutant forms of cam, including cam-troponin c chimeras, have been previously reported, but there has been no comparable investigation of cam interactions with the other constitutively expressed nos (cnos), endothelial nos (enos), or the inducible isoform (inos). the present study was designed to evaluate the role of the four cam ef hands in the activation of enos and inos. to assess the role of cam regions on asp ... | 2004 | 15138276 |
| interactions of lactoferricin-derived peptides with lps and antimicrobial activity. | synthetic peptides derived from human and bovine lactoferricin, as well as tritrpticin sequences, were assayed for antimicrobial activity against wild-type escherichia coli and lps mutant strains. antimicrobial activity was only obtained with peptides derived from the bovine lactoferricin sequence and peptides corresponding to chimeras of human and bovine sequences. none of the peptides corresponding to different regions of native human lactoferricin showed any antimicrobial activity. the result ... | 2004 | 15063486 |
| localization of a 56-kda antigen that is present in multiple developmental stages of neospora caninum. | the purpose of the present study was to characterize the intracellular distribution of a native neospora caninum 56-kda protein that is recognized by sera from n. caninum-infected dairy cattle. the complementary dna coding for this protein was expressed in escherichia coli as a polyhis fusion protein to which antiserum was prepared and used to localize the antigen in n. caninum tachyzoites and bradyzoites. by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, antirecomb ... | 2004 | 15270121 |
| role of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes during bovine coliform mastitis: physiology or pathology? | the review compiles some major findings concerning the inflammatory reaction in the mammary gland of dairy cows within the physiological context of the lactation cycle. the dual role of the pmn leukocyte in defense and tissue damage during experimentally induced coliform mastitis, especially around parturition and during early lactation, is highlighted. this disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. most resear ... | 2004 | 15074078 |
| acid tolerance of acid-adapted and nonadapted escherichia coli o157:h7 following habituation (10 degrees c) in fresh beef decontamination runoff fluids of different ph values. | this study evaluated survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 strain atcc 43895 during exposure to ph 3.5 following its habituation for 2 or 7 days at 10 degrees in fresh beef decontamination waste runoff fluid mixtures (washings) containing 0, 0.02, or 0.2% of lactic or acetic acids. meat washings and sterile water (control) were initially inoculated with approximately 5 log cfu/ml of acid- and nonadapted e. coli o157:h7 cells cultured (30 degrees c, 24 h) in broth with and without 1% glucose, resp ... | 2004 | 15083712 |
| campylobacter prevalence in lactating dairy cows in the united states. | the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal campylobacter in lactating dairy cows from various regions of the united states. participating commercial dairy farms were chosen at random and were part of a national survey to determine e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella prevalence in dairy cows. farms had no previous history of campylobacter problems. fecal samples were collected rectally from 720 cows on farms in the northeast (four farms), in the desert southwest ( ... | 2004 | 15270504 |
| prevalence of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli o157:h7 in adult dairy cattle. | to describe shiga-toxigenic escherichia coil o157:h7 (stec o157:h7) fecal shedding prevalence, seasonal fecal shedding patterns, and site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces of dairy cattle. | 2004 | 15074864 |
| escherichia coli o157 prevalence and enumeration of aerobic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, and escherichia coli o157 at various steps in commercial beef processing plants. | the effectiveness of current antimicrobial interventions used in reducing the prevalence or load of escherichia coli o157 and indicator organisms on cattle hides and carcasses at two commercial beef processing plants was evaluated. sponge sampling of beef cattle was performed at five locations from the initial entry of the animals to the slaughter floor to the exit of carcasses from the "hotbox" cooler. for each sample, e. coli o157 prevalence was determined and total aerobic bacteria, enterobac ... | 2004 | 15083715 |
| farm visits and undercooked hamburgers as major risk factors for sporadic escherichia coli o157:h7 infection: data from a case-control study in 5 foodnet sites. | in 1996, active surveillance in 5 foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) sites revealed up to a 9-fold difference in escherichia coli o157:h7 (o157) infection incidence between sites. a matched case-control study of sporadic o157 cases was conducted in these sites from march 1996 through april 1997. case subjects were patients with non-outbreak-related diarrheal illness who had o157 isolated from their stool samples. control subjects were healthy persons matched by age and tele ... | 2004 | 15095199 |
| role of a mutation at position 167 of ctx-m-19 in ceftazidime hydrolysis. | ctx-m-19 is a recently identified ceftazidime-hydrolyzing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, which differs from the majority of ctx-m-type beta-lactamases that preferentially hydrolyze cefotaxime but not ceftazidime. to elucidate the mechanism of ceftazidime hydrolysis by ctx-m-19, the beta-lactam mics of a ctx-m-19 producer, and the kinetic parameters of the enzyme were confirmed. we reconfirmed here that ctx-m-19 is also stable at a high enzyme concentration in the presence of bovine serum albu ... | 2004 | 15105092 |
| characterisation of attaching-effacing escherichia coli isolated from animals at slaughter in england and wales. | escherichia coli isolates were recovered from faecal samples taken from cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in england and wales. isolates (n = 1227) selected at random from this collection were each hybridised in colony dot-blot experiments with an eae gene probe that presumptively identified attaching-effacing e. coli (aeec). of the 99 (8.1%) eae positive isolates 72 were of ovine origin, 24 were of bovine origin and three of porcine origin. none were typed as o157:h7 whereas 78 were assigned ... | 2004 | 15288926 |
| ion exchange using poorly activated supports, an easy way for purification of large proteins. | ion-exchange chromatography using commercial ionic supports is a commonly used technique for protein purification. however, selective adsorption of a target protein from a given extract onto commercial ion exchangers seems to be quite complex since they are designed to adsorb the maximum percentage of proteins with the opposite charge. in this paper, ion-exchanger supports with different activation degrees (from 1 to 40 micromol of amino groups per g of agarose) have been prepared and used for t ... | 2004 | 15116925 |
| sample size, library composition, and genotypic diversity among natural populations of escherichia coli from different animals influence accuracy of determining sources of fecal pollution. | a horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr (rep-pcr) dna fingerprinting technique (hferp) was developed and evaluated as a means to differentiate human from animal sources of escherichia coli. box a1r primers and pcr were used to generate 2,466 rep-pcr and 1,531 hferp dna fingerprints from e. coli strains isolated from fecal material from known human and 12 animal sources: dogs, cats, horses, deer, geese, ducks, chickens, turkeys, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep. hfer ... | 2004 | 15294775 |
| effect of bovine lactoferricin on enteropathogenic yersinia adhesion and invasion in hep-2 cells. | bovine lactoferricin, a pepsin-generated antimicrobial peptide from bovine lactoferrin active against a wide range of bacteria, was tested for its ability to influence the adhesion and invasion of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in hep-2 cells. the addition of non-cytotoxic and non-bactericidal concentrations of lactoferricin to cell monolayers before infection, under different bacterial growth experimental conditions, was ineffective or resulted in about a 10-fold increa ... | 2004 | 15096550 |
| a three-year study of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157 on a farm in japan. | a long-term study was performed on the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157 in bovine faeces. the present study was conducted on heifers raised on a farm showing a high isolation rate of ehec o157 in previous years. the prevalence of ehec o157 isolated from faecal samples was 10.6% (222/2104), 5.6% (181/3225), and 5.6% (153/2744) from 1998 to 2000, respectively. the numbers of ehec o157-positive heifers for the same 3 years were 46.3% (185/400), 36.8% (147/399), and 31.7% ... | 2004 | 15297748 |
| the efficacy of bovine lactoferrin in the treatment of cows with experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis. | the effect of bovine lactoferrin (lf) was studied in experimental escherichia coli mastitis, using enrofloxacin as a comparator. mastitis was induced in six clinically healthy primiparous dairy cows by infusing 1500 colony-forming units of e. coli into a single udder quarter. the challenge was repeated into a contralateral quarter of the same cows 3 weeks later. at the first challenge, three cows were treated with 1.5 g of bovine lactoferrin intramammarily three times (12, 20 and 36 h postchalle ... | 2004 | 15305847 |
| use of florfenicol in non-human primates. | studies were undertaken to determine if florfenicol, an antimicrobial agent structurally similar to chloramphenicol, could be used as an effective broad spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in primates. florfenicol was developed as an injectable antibiotic for use in cattle on an every other day dosing schedule. its broad spectrum activity, long duration of action following i.m. administration, and its safety as compared with chloramphenicol made it an attractive antibio ... | 2004 | 15102069 |
| antibiotic resistance among enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from piglets and calves with diarrhea. | in vitro resistance to 8 antimicrobials among enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from piglets and calves over a 13-year period was evaluated. least resistance occurred against ceftiofur for all, followed by apramycin and gentamicin for porcine and florfenicol for bovine isolates. no significant differences were found between the first 8 and last 5 years. | 2004 | 15317393 |
| anti-complement effects of lactoferrin-derived peptides. | lactoferrin is an important biological molecule with many functions such as modulation of the inflammatory response, iron metabolism and antimicrobial defense. one effect of lactoferrin is the inhibition of the classical complement pathway. this study reports that antimicrobial peptides derived from the n-terminal region from both human and bovine lactoferrin, lactoferricin h and lactoferricin b, respectively, inhibit the classical complement pathway. no inhibitory effect of these peptides was o ... | 2004 | 15145458 |
| influence of animal origin and lineage on survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains in strong and weak acid challenges. | twenty-five strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from humans, cattle, and pigs were maintained in hcl (ph 2.5) and in a volatile fatty acid (vfa) mixture (ph 4.0) for up to 6 h at 37 degrees c to assess their ability to survive in acidic conditions that simulate those of the stomach and ileum, respectively. in hcl, the average group survival of bovine strains was significantly higher than that of porcine and human strains, whereas in vfas, porcine strains were significantly more resistan ... | 2004 | 15330520 |
| in vitro inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in bovine rumen fluid by caprylic acid. | the antibacterial effect of caprylic acid (35 and 50 mm) on escherichia coli o157:h7 and total anaerobic bacteria at 39 degrees c in rumen fluid (ph 5.6 and 6.8) from 12 beef cattle was investigated. the treatments containing caprylic acid at both phs significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the population of e. coli o157:h7 compared with that in the control samples. at ph 5.6, both levels of caprylic acid killed e. coli o157:h7 rapidly, reducing the pathogen population to undetectable levels at 1 min o ... | 2004 | 15151222 |
| purification of recombinant bovine normal prion protein prp(104-242) by hphic. | purification of the prion protein (prp) is a major concern for biological or biophysical analysis as are the structural specificities of this protein in relation to infectivity. a simple and efficient method for purification of recombinant bovine normal prion protein containing residues 104-242, prp(104-242) expressed in escherichia coli by high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (hphic) was presented in this work. the solution containing denatured and reduced protein in 8.0 mol/ ... | 2004 | 15171928 |
| high numbers of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli found in bovine faeces collected at slaughter in japan. | the prevalence and concentration of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in cattle faeces (n=605) at the time of slaughter was studied in shimane prefecture, japan on a monthly basis between april 2000 and march 2001. screening with stx-pcr determined a prevalence of 37.5%. after analysis of spread faeces and enriched samples on cefixime, tellurite and sorbitol-macconkey agar using hcl treatment, 114 stec strains were singly or concomitantly isolated from 97 cattle (15.9%). of the 605 c ... | 2004 | 15336421 |
| dietary supplementation with lactobacillus- and propionibacterium-based direct-fed microbials and prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in beef feedlot cattle and on hides at harvest. | the objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in the feces and on the hides of finishing beef cattle fed a standard diet and those fed diets supplemented with direct-fed microbials. two hundred forty steers received one of four treatments throughout the feeding period: (i) control: no added microbials; (ii) hnp51: high dose of lactohacillius acidophilus strain np 51 (10(9) cfu per steer daily) and propionibacterium freudenreichii (10(9) cfu per steer daily); ... | 2004 | 15151223 |
| phenoxazine compounds produced by the reactions with bovine hemoglobin show antimicrobial activity against non-tuberculosis mycobacteria. | we studied the anti-microbial effects of phenoxazines produced by the reaction of o-aminophenol or its derivatives with bovine hemoglobin, on seven species of mycobacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium intracellulare, mycobacterium scrofulaceum, mycobacterium fortuitum, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium smegmatis and some bacteria such as escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, lis ... | 2004 | 15185971 |
| high prevalence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157 from cattle in selected regions of japan. | the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157 was examined in bovine faeces. ehec o157 was isolated from the faeces of 42 (13.0%) of 324 cattle. of the 4 farms and the facilities tested, the 3 farms and the facilities were found positive for ehec o157. the highest isolation rate among the farms was 33.7%. the prevalence of ehec o157 in heifers was higher than that in calves and other cattle. no cattle positive for ehec o157 showed any clinical signs except 2 calves with diarrh ... | 2004 | 15187376 |
| effect of recombinant cytokines on leucocytes and physiological changes in bovine mammary glands during early involution. | we examined the effects of administering recombinant bovine cytokines to non-lactating dairy cows and measured mammary gland leucocytes and the involution process. after the final milking, groups of cows were given an intramammary infusion of cytokine in two quarters. these cytokines were recombinant bovine interleukin-2 (rboll-2) (2 x 10(5) units, n = 6), recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rbogm-csf) (500 microg, n = 4) and recombinant bovine interleukin-1beta ... | 2004 | 15190942 |
| mild to moderate clinical mastitis: efficacy of intramammary amoxicillin, frequent milk-out, a combined intramammary amoxicillin, and frequent milk-out treatment versus no treatment. | study objectives were to determine the efficacy of 4 methods (intramammary amoxicillin, frequent milk-out, a combined intramammary amoxicillin and frequent milk-out, and no treatment) of managing mild to moderate clinical mastitis in a university dairy herd. clinical and microbiological cures, milk production, disease progression, and california mastitis tests scores were evaluated. cows meeting the study criteria were assigned to one of four treatment options based on a systematic randomization ... | 2004 | 15202642 |