Publications

babesia bovis: characterization of the t helper cell response against the 42-kda merozoite surface antigen (msa-1) in cattle.	the babesia bovis major merozoite surface antigen (msa-1) is a 42-kda integral membrane glycoprotein previously shown to induce immunodominant antibody responses in cattle protectively immune to b. bovis and to induce neutralizing antibody. recent studies have also shown that msa-1 b cell epitopes common to new world strains of b. bovis are not present in either israel or australia strains. to understand the potential role of this protein in protective immunity, t helper cell responses specific ...	1993	8344411
use of tellurite for the selection of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157.	potassium tellurite was assessed for the selection of verocytotoxigenic (vt+) escherichia coli o157. mics were higher for vt+ e. coli o157 than for other strains of e. coli and for aeromonas spp. macconkey medium containing sorbitol, tellurite and cefixime (tc-smac) permitted the growth of vt+ e. coli o157 and shigella sonnei but partially or completely inhibited the growth of 67% of other strains of e. coli and all or most strains of other sorbitol-non-fermenting species tested. of 391 rectal s ...	1993	8345511
rab gdp dissociation inhibitor as a general regulator for the membrane association of rab proteins.	rab proteins comprise a family of small gtpases that serve a regulatory role in membrane traffic. these proteins are in part cytosolic and in part associated with the membranes of specific exocytic and endocytic organelles. smg p25a/rab3a gdi, a cytosolic protein which inhibits the dissociation of gdp from smg p25a/rab3a, sec4p, and rab11, has also been found to prevent association of rab3a with the membrane. in this study, we have used madin-darby canine kidney cells permeabilized with the bact ...	1993	8349690
outbreaks of salmonella dublin infection among calves on a dairy farm applying salmonella bacterins in zambia.	in zambia, a dairy farm keeping about 600 cows and self-contained calves had applied s. dublin and s. typhimurium bacterins to pregnant cows and calves in combination with all-in all-out pen system for rearing calves. only relatively small scale outbreaks of s. dublin infection occurred repeatedly in these years from 1989 to 1991 among fattening calves on the farm. the results obtained from the epizootiological study suggest that the preventive measures including the vaccination with salmonella ...	1993	8357934
abundant bacterial expression and reconstitution of an intrinsic membrane-transport protein from bovine mitochondria.	the oxoglutarate carrier, an intrinsic membrane-transport protein of the inner membranes of bovine-heart mitochondria, has been expressed at an abundant level in escherichia coli. it accumulates in the bacterium as inclusion bodies, and none of the protein was detected in the bacterial inner membrane. the mitochondrial adp/atp carrier, a member of the same super-family of transport proteins as the oxoglutarate carrier, has also been expressed in e. coli. however, the expression of the adp/atp ca ...	1993	8363582
ibuprofen treatment of endotoxin-induced mastitis in cows.	ibuprofen treatment was compared with saline solution treatment in an endotoxin-induced experimental model of bovine mastitis. acute mastitis was induced in healthy lactating holstein cows (n = 12) by intramammary inoculation of 1 mg of escherichia coli 026:b6 lipopolysaccharide in a single quarter per cow. cows were assigned at random to ibuprofen (25 mg/kg of body weight, iv, n = 6) or 0.9% sodium chloride solution control (1.25 ml/kg, iv, n = 6) treatment groups. ibuprofen or saline solution ...	1993	8368609
structural stability of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin homolog-scanning mutants determined by susceptibility to proteases.	forty homolog-scanning (double-reciprocal-crossover) mutant proteins of two bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin genes (cryiaa and cryiac) were examined for potential structural alterations by a series of proteolytic assays. three groups of mutants could be identified. group 1, consisting of 13 mutants, showed no delta-endotoxin present during overexpression conditions in escherichia coli (48 h at 37 degrees c, with a ptac promoter). these mutants produced full-sized delta-endotoxin detectable ...	1993	8368834
isolation of bovine kidney leucine aminopeptidase cdna: comparison with the lens enzyme and tissue-specific expression of two mrnas.	aminopeptidases catalyze the hydrolysis of amino acid residues from the amino terminus of peptide substrates. leucine aminopeptidase (lap) from bovine lens is the best characterized aminopeptidase and the only lap for which the amino acid sequence was determined by protein sequencing. using this sequence information, we isolated a bovine kidney lap cdna and compared its deduced amino acid sequence to the published amino acid sequence for bovine lens lap. overall, the sequences are highly conserv ...	1993	8369298
taurolidine: in vitro activity against multiple-antibiotic-resistant, nosocomially significant clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, and diverse enterobacteriaceae.	taurolidine at < or = 1,250 micrograms/ml killed all 37 isolates of multiple-antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus aureus (n = 9), enterococcus faecium (n = 17), and enterobacteriaceae (n = 11). time-kill experiments disclosed that bovine serum (65% v/v) only marginally retarded the bactericidal activity of 2,000 and 1,000 micrograms/ml of taurolidine against the various strains. taurolidine at 2,000 micrograms/ml did not antagonize the bactericidal activity of 50% (v/v) fresh human serum against ...	1993	8370323
photolesions in dna upon 193 nm excitation.	aqueous solutions of plasmid (pbr322 and ptz18r) and calf thymus dna were excited by 20 ns laser pulses at 193 nm. the quantum yields of single-and double-strand break formation, interstrand cross-links, locally denatured sites, (6-4)photoproducts and biological inactivation (phi ssb, phi dsb, phi icl, phi lds, phi 6-4 and phi ina, respectively) were measured. the quantum yields are virtually independent of intensity, demonstrating a one-quantum process. the obtained values in aerated neutral so ...	1993	8378435
cytochrome bo from escherichia coli: identification of haem ligands and reaction of the reduced enzyme with carbon monoxide.	inner membranes were prepared from escherichia coli strain rg 145, which is deficient in cytochrome bd, but overexpresses cytochrome bo [au and gennis (1987) j. bacteriol. 169, 3237-3242]. the latter was purified 7-fold by extracting the membranes with octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside, followed by chromatography on deae-sepharose, yielding 150 mg of protein/150 g wet weight of cells. optical e.p.r. and low-temperature m.c.d. (magnetic circular dichroism) spectroscopies were used to investigate the n ...	1993	8382047
the short loop between epidermal growth factor-like domains 4 and 5 is critical for human thrombomodulin function.	thrombomodulin (tm) is a cofactor for activation of protein c by thrombin. we showed that 80-90% of this cofactor activity is lost by oxidation of met388, located within the short interdomain loop between epidermal growth factor-like domains 4 and 5 (glaser, c. b., morser, j., clarke, j. h., blasko, e., mclean, k., kuhn, i., chang, r.-j., lin, j.-h., vilander, l., andrews, w. h., and light, d. r. (1992) j. clin. invest. 90, 2565-2573). for each of the 3 amino acids of the loop, site-specific mut ...	1993	8384206
mitochondrial cardiolipin in diverse eukaryotes. comparison of biosynthetic reactions and molecular acyl species.	cardiolipin, a unique dimeric phospholipid of bacteria and mitochondria, can be synthesized by two alternative pathways discovered in rat and escherichia coli, respectively. in mitochondrial preparations from fungi (saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa), higher plants (phaseolus aureus), molluscs (mytilus edulis) and mammals (rat liver, bovine adrenal gland), cardiolipin was synthesized from cdp-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, suggesting a common eukaryotic mechanism of cardiolip ...	1993	8385010
the alpha-type 85-kda subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated at tyrosines 368, 580, and 607 by the insulin receptor.	we have shown previously that insulin stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha-type 85-kda subunit (p85) of phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3-kinase in vitro and in vivo. in the present work, we identified the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites of the alpha-type p85 by the insulin receptor. [32p]phosphopeptides obtained from lysylendopeptidase digestion of phosphorylated alpha-type p85 in intact cells after insulin treatment were analyzed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chrom ...	1993	8385099
expression of human liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase in escherichia coli. role of n-2 proline in degradation of the protein.	human liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase is 96% identical to the rat and bovine liver enzymes, and all of the critical catalytic and substrate binding residues in both the kinase and bisphosphatase domains are conserved in the three enzymes. however, in contrast to rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, which is readily expressed in an escherichia coli t-7 rna polymerase-based expression system, the human liver bifunctional enzyme could not be exp ...	1993	8385136
formation of a stable adduct between ubiquitin and the arabidopsis ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, atubc1+.	ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (e2s) are an integral part of a multienzyme pathway that ligates ubiquitin to intracellular target proteins. this ligation has been implicated in a number of fundamental processes including protein degradation, cell cycle progression, dna repair, and organelle biogenesis. to function, e2s form a labile thiol-ester intermediate between a specific cysteine within the e2 and the carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin; this high energy intermediate then serves as the donor for ...	1993	8386169
cytochrome bo from e. coli does not exhibit the same proton transfer characteristics as the bovine cytochrome c oxidase during oxygen reduction.	the reaction where fully reduced cytochrome bo from e. coli partially reduces dioxygen has been characterized with respect to the kinetics of the associated proton uptake, and with respect to the ph- and d2o-sensitivity of the electron transfer reactions. a monophasic proton uptake with a rate constant of about 8 x 10(3) s-1 and a stoichiometry of 0.8 h+/bo were recorded, using the indicator dye, cresol red, at ph 8.2. the electron transfer reactions were independent of ph in the range 6.0-9.5 a ...	1993	8391485
calf small intestine receptors for k99 fimbriated enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.	non-acid and acid glycolipids were isolated from the small intestine of a newborn calf and tested for the ability to bind escherichia coli carrying k99 fimbriae. the bacteria did not bind to any of the non-acid glycolipids, whereas in the acid glycolipid fraction several gangliosides were detected which bind to k99 fimbriae. gangliosides capable of binding k99 fimbriated e. coli were characterized as neugc-gm3, neugc-gm2, neugc-gd1a neuac-spg and neuac-spg. no binding was detected to neuac-gm3 a ...	1993	8391499
phosphorylation of mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase alpha (type 2c alpha) by casein kinase ii.	in this study we show that rat mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase alpha (mpp alpha) expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae cells was phosphorylated on serine residues in vivo. the recombinant rat mpp alpha purified from escherichia coli cells harboring an expression vector was phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase ii, but not by casein kinase i, to 1.5 mol phosphate per mol enzyme protein. analysis by phosphopeptide mapping and amino acid analysis suggested that the sites of both in vivo and ...	1993	8395836
dna unwinding by replication protein a is a property of the 70 kda subunit and is facilitated by phosphorylation of the 32 kda subunit.	replication protein a (rp-a) is a heterotrimeric single-stranded dna binding protein with important functions in dna replication, dna repair and dna recombination. we have found that rp-a from calf thymus can unwind dna in the absence of atp and mgcl2, two essential cofactors for bona fide dna helicases (georgaki, a., strack, b., podust, v. and hübscher, u. febs lett. 308, 240-244, 1992). dna unwinding by rp-a was found to be sensitive to mgcl2, atp, heating and freezing/thawing. escherichia col ...	1993	8396234
the proton pumping activity of h(+)-atpases: an improved fluorescence assay.	a new method for the estimation of steady-state delta ph, and the rate of acidification, by h(+)-atpases (and other proton transporters) in inverted membrane vesicles is described. the method is based on a combination of two widely used fluorescent delta ph probes, 9-aminoacridine and 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine. it is demonstrated that 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine fluorescence quenching, which is very sensitive to small ph gradients, is not sensitive to the magnitude of large ph gr ...	1993	8399374
mammalian polypeptide chain release factor and tryptophanyl-trna synthetase are distinct proteins.	a very high (approximately 90%) structural similarity exists between the bovine, human and murine tryptophanyl-trna synthetases (wrs), and quite unexpectedly the rabbit polypeptide chain release factor (erf). this similarity may point to a very close resemblance or identity between these proteins involved in distinct steps of protein synthesis, or inadvertently to an incorrect assignment of the clone reported to encode erf, since the structure of clones encoding wrs were confirmed by peptide seq ...	1993	8404867
replicon typing characterization of plasmids encoding resistance to gentamicin and apramycin in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium isolated from human and animal sources in belgium.	escherichia coli and salmonella strains with plasmids conferring resistance to gentamicin and apramycin have been isolated with increasing frequency both from cattle and hospital patients in belgium. the apramycin-gentamicin resistance plasmids were characterized in recipient strains by their profiles and molecular weights using agarose gel electrophoresis, by their antimicrobial resistance patterns and by replicon typing using a series of dna probes specific for the genes controlling their syst ...	1993	8405151
characterization of the ferrous iron uptake system of escherichia coli.	escherichia coli has an iron(ii) transport system (feo) which may make an important contribution to the iron supply of the cell under anaerobic conditions. cloning and sequencing of the iron(ii) transport genes revealed an open reading frame (feoa) possibly coding for a small protein with 75 amino acids and a membrane protein with 773 amino acids (feob). the upstream region of feoab contained a binding site for the regulatory protein fur, which acts with iron(ii) as a corepressor in all known ir ...	1993	8407793
molecular cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and affinity labeling of bovine liver udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	a bovine liver cdna encoding udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase [ec 2.7.7.9], which catalyzes the reversible uridylyl transfer between glucose 1-phosphate and mgutp, has been cloned by the use of oligonucleotide probes synthesized on the basis of partial amino acid sequences of the enzyme. the cdna clone contained a 1,689 base-pair insert including the complete message for the subunit polypeptide (508 amino acid residues) of the octameric enzyme. the bovine liver enzyme shows significant sequence sim ...	1993	8407878
prevalence and some properties of verotoxin (shiga-like toxin)-producing escherichia coli in seven different species of healthy domestic animals.	fecal samples from 720 healthy, domestic animals representing seven different species (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, dogs, and cats) were investigated for verotoxin (vt [shiga-like toxin])-producing escherichia coli (vtec). vtec were isolated from 208 animals (28.9%), most frequently from sheep (66.6% vtec carriers), goats (56.1%), and cattle (21.1%). vtec were isolated less frequently from pigs (7.5%), cats (13.8%), and dogs (4.8%) and were not found in chickens (< 0.7%). forty-one diff ...	1993	8408571
lipopolysaccharide interaction with s2 subunit of pertussis toxin.	using radioiodinated, photoactivable, reducible cross-linker conjugated bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (125i-asd-lps), we have demonstrated that lps selectively binds to the s2 subunit of pertussis toxin (pt). since lps also interacts with the s2 subunit of the b-oligomer of the toxin, the binding of lps to pt is not a-protomer (s1 subunit) dependent. the binding can be inhibited with native underivatized lps and with purified lipid a, suggesting that the binding is mediated through the ...	1993	8419348
expression of wild-type and mutant bovine pancreatic ribonuclease a in escherichia coli.	wild-type ribonuclease a and five mutants thereof have been expressed in escherichia coli as fusion proteins by using a t7 expression system. the five mutants are c[65-72]s, c[40-95]s, c[58-110]s, c[26-84]s, and k41g. the expressed fusion protein formed inclusion bodies which were then cleaved by factor xa. the cleaved ribonuclease a was isolated as unfolded (sulfonated), soluble protein which was subsequently folded. this expression system can be used to produce mutants of ribonuclease a in yie ...	1993	8421696
comparative analysis of using mtt and xtt in colorimetric assays for quantitating bovine neutrophil bactericidal activity.	two different tetrazolium compounds were compared for use in a colorimetric assay for quantitating bovine neutrophil bactericidal activity against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and brucella abortus. the tetrazolium compounds tested included 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) and sodium 3,3'-[1[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-3,4- tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (xtt). the mtt and xtt colorimetric bacteric ...	1993	8423367
porphobilinogen synthase from escherichia coli is a zn(ii) metalloenzyme stimulated by mg(ii).	porphobilinogen synthase (pbgs) is essential to all life forms; in mammals it is definitively established that zn(ii) is required for activity. the literature regarding the metal requirement for pbgs in other animals, plants, and bacteria neither establishes nor disproves a zn(ii) requirement. we have characterized escherichia coli pbgs and found it to be remarkably similar to bovine pbgs. the similarities include a requirement for zn(ii), inhibition by 1,10-phenanthroline, an exceptional therma ...	1993	8424649
cytokine production during endotoxin-induced mastitis in lactating dairy cows.	the role of interleukin-1 (il-1), interleukin-6 (il-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha during endotoxin-induced mastitis in cows was characterized. six cows had 10 micrograms of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide infused into 1 mammary gland. three other cows served as nontreated controls. within 1.5 to 2.5 hours after infusion, endotoxin caused obvious edema of the mammary gland and increased serum albumin concentration in milk of infused glands 6 times. milk somatic cell count began to incre ...	1993	8427476
functional organization of microtubule-associated protein tau. identification of regions which affect microtubule growth, nucleation, and bundle formation in vitro.	tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein that is almost exclusively expressed in the brain and is enriched in the axon. determination of tau's sequence has revealed three to four tandem repeats that have been shown to constitute the microtubule binding site. in order to study the functional organization of tau, we prepared a series of truncated tau fragments using an escherichia coli expression system. we assayed each fragment's activity in promoting growth of microtubules and in nucleati ...	1993	8429017
two light-transducing membrane proteins: bacteriorhodopsin and the mammalian rhodopsin.	site-directed mutagenesis has provided insight into the mechanisms of action of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin. these studies are summarized here.	1993	8433978
interleukin-1 beta-specific partial agonists defined by site-directed mutagenesis studies.	monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (il-1) mediates a wide range of biological effects including destruction of the cartilage matrix in articular diseases such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. to elucidate further the relationships between protein structure and biological activities, we have analyzed the sequence of several il-1 polypeptides using the algorithm of parker, the hydrophobic cluster analysis method and published structural data. this led us to identify several residues that seemed to be ...	1993	8436117
vero cytotoxin-producing escherichia coli in a herd of dairy cattle.		1993	8438553
aminopeptidases: structure and function.	aminopeptidases catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus of protein or peptide substrates. they are widely distributed throughout the animal and plant kingdoms and are found in many subcellular organelles, in cytoplasm, and as membrane components. several aminopeptidases perform essential cellular functions. many, but not all, of these peptidases are zinc metalloenzymes and are inhibited by the transition-state analog bestatin. some are monomeric, and others are assemblies of ...	1993	8440407
vitamin e as an adjuvant in an escherichia coli j5 vaccine.	vitamin e was tested as an adjuvant in an escherichia coli (o111:b4) j5 vaccine. twenty cows were assigned to five groups of 4 cows. cows in four groups were vaccinated with an e. coli j5 bacterin containing 5 ml of 10(9) boiled cells/ml. vaccinations were at drying off, 30 d after drying off, and within 48 h after calving. vaccine adjuvants differed among groups. the four treatment adjuvants were 5 ml of freund's incomplete adjuvant, 5 ml of vitamin e, 2.5 ml of freund's plus 2.5 ml of vitamin ...	1993	8445093
serum concentrations of copper, iron, and zinc during escherichia coli-induced mastitis.	six holstein cows were intracisternally challenged with 50 cfu of escherichia coli to induce acute mastitis. clinical status, milk concentrations of bacteria, and serum albumin concentration were determined to monitor the progress and severity of infection for 72 h after bacterial challenge. blood samples were also collected throughout infection to determine serum concentrations of zn, fe, and cu. experimental e. coli mastitis resulted in mean serum concentrations of zn, fe, and cu of 28, 35, an ...	1993	8445094
endotoxemia in dairy cattle: role of eicosanoids in reticulorumen stasis.	the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the forestomach stasis induced by escherichia coli endotoxin was evaluated. six adult holstein cows received saline solution; endotoxin at 1, 10, and 100 ng/kg of body weight; flunixin meglumine at 1.1 mg/kg of body weight; and flunixin meglumine at 1.1 mg/kg plus endotoxin at 100 ng/kg. the frequency of reticulorumen contractions, mental attitude, body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and plasma concentration of prostaglandin e2, prostacycli ...	1993	8445095
detection of bacterial antigens in milk samples from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in which culture is negative.	elisas to detect antigens against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus dysgalactiae and streptococcus uberis were developed and used on whey samples from quarter milk samples from cases of clinical mastitis in which no bacterial pathogen had been isolated by standard culture techniques. antigens against one or other of the bacteria listed above were detected in 68 per cent of 84 samples. fifty-one per cent of the 84 samples contained antigens to e coli ...	1993	8451811
nucleotide sequence and over-expression of morphine dehydrogenase, a plasmid-encoded gene from pseudomonas putida m10.	pseudomonas putida m10 was originally isolated from factory waste liquors by selection for growth on morphine. the nadp(+)-dependent morphine dehydrogenase that initiates morphine catabolism is encoded by a large plasmid of 165 kb. treatment of p. putida m10 with ethidium bromide led to the isolation of a putative plasmid-free strain that was incapable of growth on morphine. the structural gene for morphine dehydrogenase, mora, has been located on the plasmid by oligonucleotide hybridization, by ...	1993	8452544
characterization of the mouse autoantigen la (ss-b). identification of conserved rna-binding motifs, a putative atp binding site and reactivity of recombinant protein with poly(u) and human autoantibodies.	to facilitate the study of autoimmunity to the nuclear ag la (ss-b) we have isolated and characterized cdna encoding the mouse la (ss-b) protein. mouse la (ss-b) protein has 76.7% identity to both human and bovine la (ss-b) proteins and the previously recognized rnp-binding motifs were noted to be highly conserved across the three species. examination of the primary sequence of human and bovine la (ss-b) newly identifies the site of a potential atp-binding motif g/axxxxgk which is preserved in m ...	1993	8454877
the eukaryotic host factor that activates exoenzyme s of pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of the 14-3-3 protein family.	exoenzyme s (exos), which has been implicated as a virulence factor of pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalyzes transfer of the adp-ribose moiety of nad+ to many eukaryotic cellular proteins. its preferred substrates include ras and several other 21- to 25-kda gtp-binding proteins. exos absolutely requires a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein factor, termed fas (factor activating exos), for enzymatic activity. here we describe the cloning and expression of a gene encoding fas from a bovine brain cdna librar ...	1993	8460141
further characterization of pasteurella haemolytica-like bacteria isolated from swine enteritis.	dna-dna hybridization studies were conducted on six pasteurella haemolytica-like (phl) organisms recovered from cases of swine enteritis. chromosomal-enriched fractions of phl organisms served as the source of dna for southern blots or as whole-chromosomal dna probes. under stringent hybridization conditions, chromosomal dna probes of a prototype phl (strain 6213a) organism distinguished other phl organisms from pasteurella haemolytica types a1 and t3, pasteurella multiocida types a:1 and a:3, e ...	1993	8460470
toxicity of bordetella avium beta-cystathionase toward mc3t3-e1 osteogenic cells.	bordetella avium is the etiological agent of an upper respiratory disease in birds which, symptomatically and pathologically, resembles bordetellosis in humans. studies of the virulence of this organism revealed a novel cytotoxic protein, designated osteotoxin, that was lethal for mc3t3-e1 osteogenic cells, fetal bovine trabecular cells, umr106-01(bsp) rat osteosarcoma cells, and embryonic bovine tracheal cells. the osteotoxin lacked dermonecrotic toxin activity, exhibited no cross-reactivity wi ...	1993	8463265
the binding site for the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric g proteins on the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase.	the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric g proteins play important roles in regulating receptor-stimulated signal transduction processes. recently appreciated among these is their role in the signaling events that lead to the phosphorylation and subsequent desensitization of muscarinic cholinergic (haga, k., and haga, t. (1992) j. biol. chem. 267, 2222-2227) and beta-adrenergic (pitcher, j. a., inglese, j., higgins, j. b., arriza, j. l., casey, p. j., kim, c., benovic, j. l., kwatra, m. m., car ...	1993	8463335
effects of intramammary endotoxin infusion on milking-induced oxytocin release.	one overt sign of clinical coliform mastitis in dairy cows is the failure to eject milk normally or to "milk out" the udder. the effect, if any, of coliform mastitis on oxytocin release is unknown. therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of endotoxin mastitis on milking-induced release of oxytocin in lactating cows. fifteen multiparous pregnant lactating holstein cows were divided into three groups of 5 cows each. cows in group 1 served as controls and received an intr ...	1993	8463485
cocatalytic zinc motifs in enzyme catalysis.	cocatalytic zinc binding sites are characteristic of enzyme molecules which contain two or more zinc and/or other metal atoms. in each site an aspartate, glutamate, or histidine residue simultaneously binds to two zinc atoms or a zinc and a different metal atom. in the resultant amino acid bridge, two of the cocatalytic metal atoms bind to the same amino acid. consequently the participating metal atoms are in close proximity and function as a catalytic unit, typical of this motif. in these funct ...	1993	8464881
soluble antigen profoundly reduces memory b-cell numbers even when given after challenge immunization.	the splenic b-cell repertoire of unimmunized c57bl/6 mice can be examined for anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (np) b cells of relatively high affinity by using a dual strategy. first, limiting numbers of splenocytes are polyclonally activated by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and a mixture of interleukins 2, 4, and 5 in the presence of 3t3 filler cells, thus ensuring that many b-cell clones switch to igg1 antibody production. second, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is geared to re ...	1993	8464928
bacterial agents detected in a 10-year study of bovine abortions and stillbirths.	in a 10-year survey started in 1980, specimens from 8,995 bovine abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the south dakota animal disease research and diagnostic laboratory. of these, 8,962 were suitable for some type of examination. bacteria were determined to be the cause of 1,299 (14.49%). the 5 bacteria most commonly associated with bovine abortion or stillbirth were actinomyces pyogenes, 378 (4.22%); bacillus spp., 321 (3.58%); listeria spp., 121 (1.35%); escherichia coli, 98 (1.09%); an ...	1993	8466983
[biosynthesis of bovine growth hormone in escherichia coli dh1 cells and its purification on a pilot scale].	the biosynthesis of the bovine growth hormone (bgh) in e. coli dh1 cells containing the plasmid pbgh(1-119)ptrp was studied. it was found that bgh accumulated in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells as optically dense granules that can be isolated by low-speed centrifugation. a fraction of purified protein granules was used for further purification of bgh. a purified bgh preparation contained two polypeptides with molecular weights of 18,000 and 22,000 d. the state of plasmid was investigated during ...	1993	8475017
comparison of several new chromogenic galactosides as substrates for various beta-d-galactosidases.	the kinetic characteristics of beta-galactosidases from bovine liver and testes, escherichia coli, aspergillus niger and jack bean were studied using five newly-developed colorimetric substrates. all the chromophores released by enzyme hydrolysis had high extinction coefficients in the visible region of the spectrum. varying amounts of substrate inhibition were found with each of these substrates (vbztm-gal, vlm-gal, vlpr-gal, vqm-gal and vqpr-gal), but this was not a significant problem if the ...	1993	8476929
sandwich enzyme immunoassay for rat retinol-binding protein using antibody against recombinant antigen and its application.	the development of a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for rat retinol-binding protein using molecular biological techniques was described. rat retinol-binding protein gene cloned by the pcr method was expressed by a fusion vector pezz18 in escherichia coli strain hb101. a recombinant retinol-binding protein fused with igg-binding domain zz of protein a was purified with igg-sepharose. antibody against the recombinant protein was found to be specific to rat retinol-binding protein in plasma by immunob ...	1993	8484958
steroid induced single strand breaks in dna mediated by active oxygen species and its biological consequences.	a mutagenic steroidal derivative (3 beta-acetoxy-5 alpha-cholestano[6 alpha,5-d']1'-3'oxathiolane-2' thione) structurally related to cholesterol caused strand scission and induced nicks in calf thymus, supercoiled pbr322 and single stranded m13 mp8 phage dnas. s1 nuclease hydrolysis, reaction with pbr322 and m13 phage dna as well as treatment of e. coil mutant strains and phage was used to evaluate the effect of test steroid on the dna molecule. the strand scission/nicking of dna by the test ste ...	1993	8485466
immunodiagnosis of group-a streptococci by latex agglutination assays with monoclonal or monospecific polyvalent antibodies.	seven clones of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for group-a streptococci were generated. all of them were of igm isotypes and recognized trypsinized as well as nontrypsinized group-a streptococci and polysaccharide. these were devoid of reactivity with streptococci-b, -c, -g and staphylococcus aureus. polyclonal antibodies against group-a polysaccharide (aps) were also raised in rabbits by linking aps to bovine serum albumin, and rendered monospecific by adsorption. latex agglutination ass ...	1993	8486405
identity elements of trna(trp). identification and evolutionary conservation.	in this study, the varying reactivities of bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-trna synthetase toward prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and halophile trnas were employed to define the potential identity elements on trna(trp). on this basis mutagenesis was performed to obtain, through in vivo heterologous expression in escherichia coli and in vitro transcription with t7 rna polymerase, mutant b. subtilis trna(trp) for comparison with the wild-type. these comparisons served to establish g73 and the anticodon as ...	1993	8486627
costs of clinical mastitis and mastitis prevention in dairy herds.	a stratified random sample of 50 ohio dairy herds, monitored for 1 year between march 1988 and may 1989, was used to estimate the component costs of clinical mastitis per cow-year overall and by organism, the component costs of an episode of clinical mastitis overall and by organism, and the incidence of clinical mastitis by organism. each herd was visited monthly by a veterinarian who conducted on-farm interviews and completed standardized data-collection forms designed to elicit economic infor ...	1993	8496076
production of biologically active light chain of tetanus toxin in escherichia coli. evidence for the importance of the c-terminal 16 amino acids for full biological activity.	the activity of the light (l) chain of tetanus toxin, and of mutants constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, was studied by expression and purification of the proteins from e. coli. wild-type recombinant l chain (ptet87) was active in the inhibition of exocytosis from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, although at a level 5-15% of that of l chain purified from tetanus toxin. l chain mutants which terminated at leu-438 (ptet89), or which contained a cys-to-ser mutation at residue 439 (pt ...	1993	8500613
cerebrospinal fluid composition of cattle with endotoxin-induced mastitis treated with isotonic (0.9%) or hypertonic (7.5%) sodium chloride.	this study examined the safety of intravenous hypertonic saline in cattle with experimental gram-negative endotoxemia. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) composition was examined in five control cows and eight treated cows 24 hours after the intramammary infusion of 1 mg of endotoxin. four of the endotoxin challenged cows were treated intravenously with isotonic (0.9%) sodium chloride and four cows were treated intravenously with hypertonic (7.5%) sodium chloride. decreased csf osmolality, and sodium and ...	1993	8501700
expression of bovine seminal ribonuclease in escherichia coli.	bovine seminal rnaase (bs-rnaase), an unusually dimeric member of the pancreatic-like ribonuclease superfamily, is also a multifunctional biological effector, with antitumor, immunosuppressive, and antispermatogenic activities. we report here the cloning of a semi-synthetic cdna coding for the protein subunit chain, its expression with a t7 expression system in escherichia coli inclusion bodies, the dimerization of correctly reoxidized monomeric protein, followed by the purification in high yiel ...	1993	8503902
cloning and functional expression of dendrotoxin k from black mamba, a k+ channel blocker.	mamba dendrotoxins, 7k m(r) polypeptides with three disulfide bonds, selectively inhibit certain fast-activating, voltage-sensitive neuronal k+ channels and have been instrumental in their identification, localization, and purification. however, derivatives with more refined specificity are essential to define the structural and functional properties of the multiple subtypes known to reside in the nervous system. hence, utilizing a constructed cdna library from the venom glands of the black mamb ...	1993	8504088
purification and characterization of protease ci, a cytoplasmic metalloendoprotease in escherichia coli.	protease ci, a cytoplasmic metalloprotease in escherichia coli, has been purified to apparent homogeneity by conventional chromatographic procedures using 125i-labeled oxidized insulin b-chain as a substrate. the purified enzyme behaves as a 54-kda protein under both denaturing and nondenaturing conditions, suggesting that it consists of a single polypeptide chain. it is inhibited by metal-chelating agents, including o-phenanthroline and nacn, but not by inhibitors of serine proteases or thiol-b ...	1995	8530373
phosphorylation of both serine residues in cardiac troponin i is required to decrease the ca2+ affinity of cardiac troponin c.	the phosphorylation of cardiac muscle troponin i (ctni) at two adjacent n-terminal serine residues by camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) has been implicated in the inotropic response of the heart to beta-agonists. phosphorylation of these residues has been shown to reduce the ca2+ affinity of the single ca(2+)-specific regulatory site of cardiac troponin c (ctnc) and to increase the rate of ca2+ dissociation from this site (robertson, s. p., johnson, j. d., holroyde, m. j., kranias, e. g., pott ...	1995	8530519
cloning, sequence analysis and expression of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis elongation factor tu.	the bovine liver mitochondrial protein synthesis elongation factor tu.ts complex (ef-tu.tsmt) has been purified and partial peptide sequence information has been obtained for ef-tumt. a complete cdna has been obtained encoding bovine ef-tumt and a nearly complete cdna has been obtained for human ef-tumt. the bovine cdna has a 5' untranslated leader, an open reading frame of 1356 nucleotides and a 3' untranslated region of 189 base pairs. nh2-terminal sequencing of the mature protein indicates th ...	1995	8547323
determination of the efficiency of k99-f41 fimbrial antigen vaccine in newborn calves.	semipurified k99 and f41 fimbrial antigens were used to prepare an oil-emulsified vaccine against bovine enterotoxigenic colibacillosis. nine nelore cows about 7 months pregnant were divided into 3 groups (a, b and c) of 3 animals each, which received different doses of vaccine (1,500 hu, 750 hu and 380 hu, respectively) 8 and 2 weeks before delivery, in the neck by the subcutaneous route. as a control (group d), 3 pregnant cows of the same breed were not vaccinated for later challange of their ...	1995	8547847
studies on the suitability of alpha-hybrid interferon application in cattle.	twelve cattle with body wts ranging from 100 to 250 kg were treated using various doses and routes for four days with an e. coli derived alpha-hybrid interferon. the lowest parenteral doses (10(4) units per kg body wt) and the orally administered interferon did not lead to any disturbances, whereas the higher dosages led to marked changes in body temperature, pulse and respiration rates. animals with the highest dose (10(8) units per kg body wt) became extremely distressed. the blood picture sho ...	1995	8549112
veterinary use of new quinolones in japan.	five new quinolones are used as veterinary medicines in japan. benofloxacin and ofloxacin are orally given in feed or in drinking water for respiratory diseases due to mycoplasma spp. and escherichia coli in poultry. enrofloxacin is subcutaneously, intramuscularly or orally administered to cattle and swine for pneumonia due to pasteurella spp., mycoplasma spp. and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and diarrhoea due to e. coli, and is used orally for respiratory diseases in poultry. danofloxacin is ...	1995	8549286
immunochemical detection of adp-ribosylating enzymes in the archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus.	polyclonal antibodies raised against eukaryotic mono-(adpribose)transferase and poly(adpribose)polymerase were used to test the presence of antigenic determinants in a crude extract of sulfolobus solfataricus, a thermophilic archaeon. samples from eukaryotic (bull testis) and bacterial (e. coli) sources were analysed for comparison. all tested antibodies reacted with the sulfolobal sample with a specificity comparable to that of the eukaryotic preparation, as revealed by elisa test, activity ass ...	1996	8549833
cloning, expression and characterization of a single-chain antibody ps-9 targeted to pancreatic cancer.	genes encoding single-chain antibodies have been first constructed, which consist of the heavy and light chain variable domains of antibody ps-9 joined together by a flexible peptide linker. the genes were cloned into coat protein g3p genes of pcantab5 phagemids, and expressed as fusion proteins on the phage tips. immunological assay demonstrated that the engineered antibodies specifically bound to cancer cells ls-174-t as well as to pure bovine submaxillary gland mucin. their specificity and af ...	1995	8554673
a fluorometric beta-glucuronidase assay for analysis of bacterial growth in milk.	the growth of common mastitis-causing bacteria in milk was followed by a fluorometric technique based on the release of fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone (4-mu) from 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide by the beta-glucuronidase of bacterial or milk origin. three of four escherichia coli strains, all four strains of streptococcus uberis (4/4) and streptococcus agalactiae (4/4) produced beta-glucuronidase. four staphylococcus aureus strains (4/4) and one e. coli strain, though unable to produc ...	1995	8560733
bactericidal activity of the bovine myeloperoxidase system against bacteria associated with mastitis.	myeloperoxidase (mpo) is a lysosomal enzyme found in the primary granules of mammalian neutrophils. together with mpo, peroxide and halide form a system of defense against bacteria. the present investigation was undertaken to study the bactericidal effects of the bovine-mpo/peroxide/halide system on pathogenic bacteria associated with bovine mastitis. we demonstrated that mpo together with oxidizing agents generated by xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine and chloride form a potent antibacterial syste ...	1995	8560739
analysis of the loop-helix interaction in bundle motif protein structures.	molecular dynamics simulations and energy analysis have been carried out to study the structural mobility and stability of the four alpha-helix bundle motifs. the simulation results as well as the x-ray data show that the atomic rms fluctuation is larger at the loop region for four representative proteins investigated: methemerythrin, cytochrome b-562, cytochrome c', and bovine somatotropin. the loop-loop, helix-helix, and loop-helix interactions are computed for the unfolded and folded proteins ...	1995	8561852
use of a modified bacteroides-prevotella shuttle vector to transfer a reconstructed beta-1,4-d-endoglucanase gene into bacteroides uniformis and prevotella ruminicola b(1)4.	a carboxymethyl cellulase (cmcase) gene from prevotella ruminicola b(1)4 was reconstructed by adding a cellulose binding domain from a thermomonospora fusca cellulase and was conjugally transferred from escherichia coli to bacteroides uniformis 0061 by using a chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance shuttle vector (ptc-cow). ptc-cow was specifically constructed to facilitate conjugal transfer of vectors from b. uniformis donors to p. ruminicola recipients. b. uniformis transconjugants contai ...	1996	8572695
estimation of the h+/h- ratio of the reaction catalysed by the nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase in chromatophores from over-expressing strains of rhodospirillum rubrum and in liposomes inlaid with the purified bovine enzyme.	two strains of rhodospirillum rubrum were constructed in which, by a gene dosage effect, the transhydrogenase activity of isolated chromatophores was increased 7-10-fold and 15-20-fold, respectively. the h+/h- ratio (the ratio of protons translocated per hydride ion equivalent transferred from nadph to an nad+ analogue, acetyl pyridine adenine dinucleotide), determined by a spectroscopic technique, was approximately 1.0 for chromatophores from the over-expressing strains, but was only approximat ...	1996	8573594
in vitro efficacy of cefquinome (inn) and other anti-infective drugs against bovine bacterial isolates from belgium, france, germany, the netherlands, and the united kingdom.	the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefquinome (inn), an aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin of the fourth generation of cephalosporins, was investigated by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic, microgram/ml) for 714 bacterial isolates of bovine origin and comparing it with those of amoxicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cephapirin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin and oxytetracycline. drug resistance was determined by using break-points, which consider the dosa ...	1995	8578918
ribotyping to differentiate fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and f. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme isolated from bovine ruminal contents and liver abscesses.	differences in biological activities (hemagglutination, hemolytic, leukotoxic, and virulence) and ribotypes between the two subspecies of fusobacterium necrophorum of bovine ruminal and liver abscess origins were investigated. hemagglutination activity was present in all hepatic, but only some ruminal, strains of fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum. ruminal f. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum had low leukotoxin titers yet was virulent in mice. fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme ...	1996	8593050
unusual evolution of 11beta- and 17beta-hydroxysteroid and retinol dehydrogenases.	11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases regulate glucocorticoid concentrations and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases regulate estrogen and androgen concentrations in mammals. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from two 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and four mammalian 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases indicates unusual evolution in these enzymes. type 1 11beta- and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are on the same branch; type 2 enzymes cluster on another branch with beta-hydroxy ...	1996	8593166
immunization of dairy cows with an escherichia coli j5 lipopolysaccharide vaccine.	development of a lipopolysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine and the immunological response to the vaccine were investigated. lipopolysaccharide derived from escherichia coli j5 was detoxified by mild alkaline hydrolysis. detoxification reduced endotoxin activity 2500-fold compared with that of native j5 lipopolysaccharide. the conjugate vaccine was synthesized by covalently coupling detoxified lipopolysaccharide to chicken serum albumin by reductive amination. dairy cows were immunized with 8. ...	1995	8598402
the infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid protein binds rna sequences in the 3' terminus of the genome.	the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid protein was expressed as a bacterial fusion protein which differed from the native protein only in the addition of six amino terminus histidine residues. using rna overlay protein blot assays, the recombinant protein was shown to bind to rna fragments specific for the positive sense 3' noncoding end of the ibv genome. at greater concentrations of sodium chloride, the native and fusion nucleocapsid proteins similarly bound to g rna, representing ...	1996	8599203
characterization of bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase expressed in e. coli.	bovine endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (enos) was expressed in e. coli as a soluble, catalytically active enzyme using the pcw expression vector coexpressed with a plasmid, pgroels, encoding the chaperonins groel and groes. the e. coli bl21 cultures reproducibly synthesized 6-10 mg of recombinant enzyme per liter of culture. the enos protein was purified using 2'5'-adp sepharose 4b and appeared as a single band of apparent molecular mass 135 kda on sds/page. the recombinant restin ...	1996	8604992
the role of the insertion loop around tryptophan 148 in tthe activity of thrombin.	thrombin has trypsin-like specificity for arg-xaa and lys-xaa peptide bonds; however, it is much more specific than trypsin, cleaving far fewer peptide bonds in macromolecular substrates. to probe the nature of the specificity of thrombin, a mutant has been constructed in which the trp148 loop of thrombin has been replaced with the same loop of bovine trypsin. this mutant was expressed in escherichia coli as prethrombin-2(148) using a t7 expression system previously described for wild-type preth ...	1996	8605192
characterization of the active intermediate of a groel-groes-mediated protein folding reaction.	recent studies of groe-mediated protein folding indicate that substrate proteins are productively released from a cis ternary complex in which the nonnative substrate is sequestered within the groel channel underneath groes. here, we examine whether protein folding can occur in this space. stopped-flow fluorescence anisotropy of a pyrene-rhodanese-groel complex indicates that addition of groes and atp (but not adp) leads to a rapid change in substrate flexibility at groel. strikingly, when groes ...	1996	8608602
purification of a mammalian homologue of escherichia coli endonuclease iii: identification of a bovine pyrimidine hydrate-thymine glycol dnase/ap lyase by irreversible cross linking to a thymine glycol-containing oligoxynucleotide.	we purified a homologue of the escherichia coli dna repair enzyme endo nuclease iii 5000-fold from calf thymus which, like endonuclease iii, demonstrates dna-glycosylase activity against pyrimidine hydrates and thymine glycol and ap lyase activity (dna strand cleavage at ap sites via beta-elimination). the functional similarity between the enzymes suggested a strategy for definitive identification of the bovine protein based on the nature of its enzyme-substrate (es) intermediate. prokaryotic dn ...	1996	8611553
pathogenesis of corneal infection: binding of pseudomonas aeruginosa to specific phospholipids.	clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined for binding interactions with phospholipids of corneal epithelium. thin-layer chromatography (tlc) of lipids extracted from corneal epithelia followed by staining with an ammonium molybdate spray reagent revealed three phospholipid components, pl1, pl2, and pl3. the chromatographic mobility of pl1 was similar to that of the phospholipid standards phosphatidylinositol (pi) and phosphatidylserine (ps), which were not well resolved from one ...	1996	8613396
antagonism of lactic acid bacteria towards staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli on agar plates and in milk.	the antagonistic effect of lactic acid bacteria (lab, including lactobacillus acidophilus, l. bulgaricus, l. casei and streptococcus thermophilus) on staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli was evaluated on mrs agar with the deferred and cross-streaking techniques, and in milk with the plate counting method. all lab were repressive to s aureus and e coli on the agar medium. however, their suppressive activity was significantly reduced when the agar medium was buffered to ph 7.2. in normal mil ...	1996	8620186
physiological responses to repeated endotoxin challenge are selectively affected by recombinant bovine somatotropin administration to calves.	the study determined 1) whether the pretreatment of calves with recombinant bovine somatotropin (bst, sometribove) would alter the change in packed cell volume (pcv), rectal temperature (rt), and the plasma concentrations of ca2+, fe2+, glucose (g), urea n (pun), nonesterified free fatty acids (nefa), albumin (alb), and blood cell populations after endotoxin challenge (ec) and 2) whether the natural development of physiologic tolerance to repeated ec was affected by bst. twelve steer beef calves ...	1996	8625619
prevalence of the eaea gene in verotoxigenic escherichia coli strains from dairy cattle in southwest ontario.	this study determined the prevalence of the eaea gene and its relationship to serotype and type of verotoxin produced in a collection of 432 verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) obtained from the faeces of healthy cows and calves in a systematic random survey involving 80 dairy farms in southwest ontario. a pcr amplification procedure involving primer pairs which target the conserved central region of the o157:h7 eaea gene showed that 151 (35.2%) strains were positive for the eaea gene. all iso ...	1996	8625998
assessment of the atp binding properties of hsp90.	hsp90, one of the most prominent proteins in eucaryotic cells under physiological and stress conditions, chaperones protein folding reactions in an atp-independent way. surprisingly, atp binding and atpase activity of hsp90 has been reported by several groups. to clarify this important issue, we have reinvestigated the potential atp binding properties and atpase activity of highly purified hsp90 using a number of different techniques. hsp90 was compared to the well characterized atp-binding chap ...	1996	8626558
endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. expression in escherichia coli, spectroscopic characterization, and role of tetrahydrobiopterin in dimer formation.	bovine endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (enos) expressed in escherichia coli does not have the post-translational modifications found in the native enzyme and is free of tetrahydrobiopterin (bh4). in the presence of bh4, enos has an absorption maximum at 400 nm that shifts to 395 nm when the substrate l-arginine is added. the low-spin component of the spectrum of the bh4-free protein is decreased by the addition of bh4 without a corresponding increase in the high-spin component. addition of bh4 ...	1996	8626704
the carboxyl-terminal domain (111-165) of vascular endothelial growth factor is critical for its mitogenic potency.	vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a potent and specific mitogen for endothelial cells. vegf is synthesized and secreted by many differentiated cells in response to a variety of stimuli including hypoxia. vegf is expressed in a variety of tissues as multiple homodimeric forms (121, 165, 189, and 206 amino acids/monomer) resulting from alternative rna splicing. vegf121 is a soluble mitogen that does not bind heparin; the longer forms of vegf bind heparin with progressively higher affini ...	1996	8631822
eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase complements escherichia coli dsba mutants and increases the yield of a heterologous secreted protein with disulfide bonds.	eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) is a 55-kda enzyme with cysteine oxidoreductase, chaperone, and antichaperone activities that catalyzes disulfide formation and rearrangement in the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum. in gram-negative bacteria, the formation of disulfide bonds in the periplasm is mediated by dsba, a strong cysteine oxidase but an inefficient catalyst of disulfide bond isomerization with no known chaperone activity. we show that rat pdi (rpdi) secreted in the periplasmi ...	1996	8631865
prevalence and clonal nature of escherichia coli o157:h7 on dairy farms in wisconsin.	a survey was conducted between march and october of 1994 to determine the prevalence and identify the sources of serotype o157:h7 isolates of escherichia coli in wisconsin dairy herds. a stratified sample of 400 farms was identified, and 70 farms with weaned calves less than 4 months old were included in the study. during the prevalence study, 5 of the 70 farms (herd prevalence, 7.1 +/- 4.5%) and fecal samples from 10 of 560 calves (animal prevalence, 1.8%) tested positive for serotype o157:h7. ...	1996	8633851
nucleotide sequence and expression in e. coli of the complete p4 type vp4 from a g2 serotype human rotavirus.	the complete sequence of a p4 type vp4 gene from a g2 serotype human rotavirus, is2, isolated in india has been determined. although the is2 vp4 is highly homologous to the other p4 type alleles, it contained acidic amino acid substitutions at several positions that make it acidic among the p4 type alleles that are basic. moreover, comparative sequence analysis revealed unusual polymorphism in members of the p4 type at amino acid position 393 which is highly conserved in members of other vp4 typ ...	1996	8634023
the processing proteases prohormone thiol protease, pc1/3 and pc2, and 70-kda aspartic proteinase show preferences among proenkephalin, proneuropeptide y, and proopiomelanocortin substrates.	proteases of cysteine, aspartic, and subtilisin classes have been indicated as candidate prohormone processing enzymes. the chromaffin granule proenkephalin processing proteases have been characterized as the novel cysteine protease prohormone thiol protease (ptp), a 70-kda aspartic proteinase, and the subtilisin-like pc1/3 and pc2 enzymes. the goal of this study was to assess whether these processing proteases possess preference(s) for prohormone substrates. the recombinant prohormones proenkep ...	1996	8638918
carboranyl oligonucleotides. 3. biochemical properties of oligonucleotides containing 5-(o-carboranyl-1-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine.	boronated oligonucleotides are potential candidates for boron neutron capture therapy, antisense technology, and as tools in molecular biology. the biological properties of dodecathymidylic acids containing one or more 5-(o-carboran-1-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine residues at different locations within the oligonucleotide chain were studied. 5-(o-carboran-1-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine containing oligonucleotides manifested marked increased lipophilicity and resistance to 3'- or 5'-phosphodiesterases compared to t ...	1996	8639534
glycans of bovine lactoferrin function as receptors for the type 1 fimbrial lectin of escherichia coli.	bovine lactoferrin strongly inhibited the hemagglutination activity of type 1 fimbriated escherichia coli. in addition, it agglutinated these bacteria. the agglutination reaction was specifically inhibited by glycopeptides derived from bovine lactoferrin or alpha-methyl-d-mannoside. these observations indicate that the glycans of bovine lactoferrin can serve as receptors for type 1 fimbrial lectin.	1996	8641764
interaction of mitochondrial elongation factors tu.ts with aminoacyl-trna.	the interaction between the bovine mitochondrial translational elongation factor tu.ts complex (ef-tu.tsmt) and aminoacyl-trna has been investigated using a nuclease protection assay and fluorescence enhancement of [aedans-s2c]tyr-trna(tyr). the equilibrium dissociation constant, kd, for the ef-tu.tsmt:gtp:e. coli phe-trna complex is approximately 50 nm. a similar binding constant (30 nm) is obtained using bovine mitochondrial phe-trna. the equilibrium binding constant for the ef-tu.tsmt:gtp:yea ...	1995	8643359
isoleucine 368 is involved in low-affinity binding of n6-modified camp analogues to site b of the regulatory subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase i.	the regulatory (r) subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase has a well-defined domain structure including the two in-tandem camp-binding sites that constitute the c-terminus of the protein. the n-terminal binding site (a) has a considerably higher affinity for analogues of camp that are substituted with bulky and hydrophobic substituents at the 6-amino group of the adenine ring compared to the affinity observed at the second site (b). on the basis of the crystal structure of the catabolite gene ...	1996	8645227
cloning, sequencing and expression of the bovine cd3 epsilon and tcr-zeta chains, two invariant components of the t-cell receptor complex.	cd3 epsilon and the zeta-chain of the bovine t-cell receptor (tcr) are two invariant molecules with an important role in signal transduction via the tcr/cd3 complex. the nucleotide sequence of a bovine cd3 epsilon cdna clone containing the complete coding sequence was determined and the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence compared to that of other species. the cytoplasmic domains of the different cd3 epsilon clearly show a higher degree of conservation than the extracellular domains. bovine cd3 eps ...	1996	8647441
complementary dna cloning of the predominant allergen of bovine dander: a new member in the lipocalin family.	a number of allergenic proteins in animal danders have been characterized at the molecular level, but little is known of their biologic functions. we have found that the prevalence of ige antibodies among patients with cattle-associated asthma is highest against a dander protein referred to as bda20.	1996	8648026