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the role of starvation on escherichia coli adhesion and transport in saturated porous media.the influence of bacterial starvation on cell transport has been examined using two escherichia coli isolates: one from human (hu) and one from dairy cattle (dc). to better understand the fate of starved bacteria, experiments were conducted in a packed bed column using cells that had been incubating at room temperature without nutrients for 6, 12, and 18h, as well as cells, which had not been starved (referred to as time zero). complimentary cell characterization techniques were conducted to eva ...200818037467
environmental dust exposure as a factor contributing to an increase in escherichia coli o157 and salmonella populations on cattle hides in feedyards.a study was conducted to determine the impact of exposure to dust in the cattle load-out area in feedyards on pathogen contamination of cattle hides. a total of 250 cattle hides were sampled during summer and fall months, which are associated with elevated prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in west texas. animals were removed from their home pens and restrained in a chute and sampled prior to exposure to dust generated as a result of a simulated loading exercise. the cattle hides were sampled a ...200818939756
proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in bovine milk during experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis.the objectives of the current study were to profile changes in protein composition using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis on whey samples from a group of 8 cows before and 18 h after infection with escherichia coli and to identify differentially expressed milk proteins by peptide sequencing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry post source decay. only proteins present in whey fractions of all 8 cows were sequenced to avoid reporting a protein respons ...200818946125
examination of salmonella and escherichia coli translocation from hog manure to forage, soil, and cattle grazed on the hog manure-treated pasture.use of hog (sus scrofa) manure as a fertilizer is a practical solution for waste re-utilization, however, it may serve as a vehicle for environmental and domestic animal contamination. work was conducted to determine whether pathogens, naturally present in hog manure could be detected in cattle (bos taurus) grazed on the manure-treated pasture, and whether forage contamination occurred. during two 3 mo summer trials manure was applied to yield < or = 124 kg available n per hectare in a single sp ...200818948461
persistence of culturable escherichia coli fecal contaminants in dairy alpine grassland soils.our knowledge of escherichia coli (e. coli) ecology in the field is very limited in the case of dairy alpine grassland soils. here, our objective was to monitor field survival of e. coli in cow pats and underlying soils in four different alpine pasture units, and to determine whether the soil could constitute an environmental reservoir. e. coli was enumerated by mpn using a selective medium. e. coli survived well in cow pats (10(7) to 10(8) cells g(-1) dry pat), but cow pats disappeared within a ...200818948484
milk production change following clinical mastitis and reproductive performance compared among j5 vaccinated and control dairy cattle.naturally occurring cases of bovine clinical mastitis (cm) were studied among j5 vaccinates and controls on 3 commercial dairy farms. milk production change and reproductive performance following cm were compared between the 2 groups. among 306 controls and 251 vaccinates, there were 221 new cases of cm affecting 120 cows; 437 lactations never had a case of cm. environmental pathogens made up 90% (159/176) of etiologic agents isolated. change in daily milk production following cm was associated ...200818832209
stable-isotope labeling using an inducible viral infection system in suspension-cultured plant cells.we established a novel strategy for preparing uniformly stable isotope-labeled proteins by using suspension-cultured plant cells and an inducible virus vector encoding the research target. by using this new method, we demonstrated the expression of three proteins, namely, escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), chicken calmodulin (cam), and porcine protein kinase c-dependent protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor with a molecular mass of 17-kda (cpi-17). in addition, we successfully expressed ...200818937031
the toll-like receptor-4 (tlr-4) pathway and its possible role in the pathogenesis of escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cattle.mastitis is one of the most costly production diseases in the dairy industry that is caused by a wide array of microorganisms. in this review, we focus on the gram-negative escherichia coli infections that often occur at periods when the innate immune defence mechanisms are impaired (i.e., parturition through the first 60 days of lactation). there is substantial evidence demonstrating that at these periods, the expected influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (pmn) into the mammary gla ...200818073092
isolation and characterisation of two novel coliphages with high potential to control antibiotic-resistant pathogenic escherichia coli (ehec and epec).two newly isolated virulent coliphages (mvbs and mvss) showed ability to lyse (form plaque on) a high percentage of pathogenic escherichia coli strains of various serotypes and origins (292/310; 94.2%), whilst displaying low lytic (plaque-forming) capacity on non-pathogenic ecor strains (mvbs and mvss lysed 10/72 (13.9%) and 15/72 (20.8%) strains, respectively). in comparison, a higher percentage (196/310, 63.2%) of tested isolates exhibited resistance to a broad range of antibiotics. it was als ...200818082374
efficacy of the bovine antimicrobial peptide indolicidin combined with piperacillin/tazobactam in experimental rat models of polymicrobial peritonitis.to investigate the efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam combined with indolicidin in the prevention of lethality in two rat models of polymicrobial peritonitis.200818090372
all blood, no stool: enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 infection.enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 is a pathotype of diarrheagenic e. coli that produces one or more shiga toxins, forms a characteristic histopathology described as attaching and effacing lesions, and possesses the large virulence plasmid po157. the bacterium is recognized worldwide, especially in developed countries, as an emerging food-borne bacterial pathogen, which causes disease in humans and in some animals. healthy cattle are the principal and natural reservoir of e. col ...200818716441
salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 contamination on hides and carcasses of cull cattle presented for slaughter in the united states: an evaluation of prevalence and bacterial loads by immunomagnetic separation and direct plating methods.the hide and carcass hygiene of cull cattle at slaughter in four geographically distant regions of the united states was examined from july 2005 to april 2006 by measuring the aerobic plate counts (apc) and the prevalences and loads of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7. the geometric mean log(10) apc cfu/100 cm(2) levels on hides and preevisceration and postintervention carcasses ranged from 6.17 to 8.19, 4.24 to 6.47, and 1.46 to 1.96, respectively, and were highest in the summer (p < 0.0 ...200818723661
factors associated with cross-contamination of hides of scottish cattle by escherichia coli o157.the putative source of hide contamination for 236 cattle in scotland followed from the farm through to slaughter was determined using phage and verocytotoxin type data. the majority of cattle (84%) were found to have subtypes of escherichia coli o157 on their hide that had not been found previously in any animal from the farm of origin, strongly suggesting that contamination occurred once animals had left the farm of origin. using logistic regression analysis, several variables and factors were ...200818723662
colorimetric method for enzymatic screening assay of atp using fe(iii)-xylenol orange complex formation.in hygiene management, recently there has been a significant need for screening methods for microbial contamination by visual observation or with commonly used colorimetric apparatus. the amount of adenosine triphosphate (atp) can serve as the index of a microorganism. this paper describes the development of a colorimetric method for the assay of atp, using enzymatic cycling and fe(iii)-xylenol orange (xo) complex formation. the color characteristics of the fe(iii)-xo complexes, which show a dis ...200818726586
expression and purification of natural n-terminal recombinant bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor from pichia pastoris.bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti) is a natural non-specific serine protease inhibitor and possesses the ability to inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin and plasma kallikrein. the expression of bpti in escherichia coli and other systems has been reported. however, the preparation of recombinant bpti (rbpti) with correct n-terminus in pichia pastoris has not been successful. a previous study showed that the prebpti with the prepro leader sequence of alpha mating factor (amf) was not pro ...200818758059
epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the bovine colonic mucosa differ in their responsiveness to escherichia coli shiga toxin 1.bovine colonic crypt cells express cd77 molecules that potentially act as receptors for shiga toxins (stx). the implication of this finding for the intestinal colonization of cattle by human pathogenic stx-producing escherichia coli (stec) remains undefined. we used flow cytometric and real-time pcr analyses of primary cultures of colonic crypt cells to evaluate cell viability, cd77 expression, and gene transcription in the presence and absence of purified stx1. a subset of cultured epithelial c ...200818765725
aldehyde dehydrogenase of the haloalkaliphilic archaeon natronomonas pharaonis and its function in ethanol metabolism.the genome of natronomonas pharaonis encodes genes annotated as alcohol dehydrogenase (adh; ec 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh; ec 1.2.1.3), enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism. these genes (adh and aldh2) occur in a single copy on the chromosome. we have studied the role of these genes in ethanol metabolism in n. pharaonis. reverse transcription-pcr analysis showed that the aldh2 gene was inducible by ethanol, but the adh gene was transcribed both in the presence and absence of eth ...200818769868
antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties of endophytic pestalotiopsis species from medicinal plants.pestalotiopsis species were most dominant endophytic species isolated from four medicinal plants including terminalia arjuna, terminalia chebula, azadirachta indica, and holarrhena antidysenterica. thirty pestalotiopsis species isolated from different parts of the medicinal plants were selected for the study. the antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of pestalotiopsis isolates were determined by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitory activity, lipid peroxidation, and angiotensi ...200818772940
effect of protein binding on the pharmacological activity of highly bound antibiotics.during antibiotic drug development, media are frequently spiked with either serum/plasma or protein supplements to evaluate the effect of protein binding. usually, previously reported serum or plasma protein binding values are applied in the analysis. the aim of this study was to evaluate this approach by experimentally measuring free, unbound concentrations for antibiotics with reportedly high protein binding and their corresponding antimicrobial activities in media containing commonly used pro ...200818779351
cardiac isoenzymes in healthy holstein calves and calves with experimentally induced endotoxemia.this paper describes a controlled study designed to establish normal values for cardiac troponins i and t (ctni and ctnt) and ck-mb mass in healthy newborn holstein calves, and to compare values for ctni, ctnt, ck-mb and total creatine kinase (ck) with age-matched calves experiencing experimentally induced endotoxemia. nineteen healthy holstein bull calves, 48 to 72 h of age were used. baseline ctni, ctnt, ck-mb and total ck measurements were obtained from control (n = 9) and experimental (n = 1 ...200818783025
molecular cloning, genomic organization and expression analysis of the gene encoding bovine (bos taurus) b-cell activating factor belonging to the tnf family (baff).a novel bovine cdna has been isolated by est assembly and subsequently confirmed by using rt-pcr and designated bovine b-cell activating factor belonging to tnf family (bbaff). the open reading frame (orf) of this cdna covers 843 bp, encoding 280 amino acids. the functional soluble part of bbaff (bsbaff) shows 96% and 91% identity with its pig and human counterparts, respectively, at the level of the primary protein structure. the bbaff genomic sequence consists of six exons and five introns, is ...200818786621
immunogenicity of a chicken viral newcastle disease virus f gene-c3d fusion protein containing a chicken homologue of c3d.the gene fragment coding for arbor acres (aa) chicken c3d gene (chc3d) was cloned and expressed as a component of fusion proteins for its potential use as a vaccine for chickens and for in vitro experiments. this fragment of complement protein c3 (c3d) has been shown to strengthen b-cell responses when complexed with antigen. three potential vaccine constructs were engineered to contain two, four, and six copies of chc3d-p29 coding gene, which was linked to the f gene of newcastle disease virus ...200818788947
rapid determination of escherichia coli o157:h7 lineage types and molecular subtypes by using comparative genomic fingerprinting.in this study, variably absent or present (vap) regions discovered through comparative genomics experiments were targeted for the development of a rapid, pcr-based method to subtype and fingerprint escherichia coli o157:h7. forty-four vap loci were analyzed for discriminatory power among 79 e. coli o157:h7 strains of 13 phage types (pt). twenty-three loci were found to maximize resolution among strains, generating 54 separate fingerprints, each of which contained strains of unique pt. strains fr ...200818791027
cloning of a gene fragment encoding chicken complement component c3d with expression and immunogenicity of newcastle disease virus f gene-c3d fusion protein.the gene fragment coding for the complement protein c3 (chc3d) from arbor acres (aa) chickens was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein for its application in the vaccine study of chicken, and for in vitro experiments. the chc3d fragment strengthened b-cell responses when complexed with antigen. three potential vaccine construct units were engineered to contain two, four and six copies of the chc3d-p29 coding gene linked to the f gene of newcastle disease virus, an economically important path ...200818798021
cloning, sequence, expression and characterization of human beta-mannosidase.beta-mannosidase (ec 3.2.1.25, manb) dissects the non-reducing end of n-linked mannose moieties of glycoproteins in eukaryotic cells. the human beta-mannosidase gene was amplified by rt-pcr, cloned and sequenced. the dna sequence was compared with reported human beta-mannosidase dna sequence and sixteen nucleotide differences were found. the deduced amino-acid sequence showed that seven codons coded the same amino acids and nine codons coded different amino acids with reference to nucleotide sub ...200818800177
map20, a microtubule-associated protein in the secondary cell walls of hybrid aspen, is a target of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.we have identified a gene, denoted pttmap20, which is strongly up-regulated during secondary cell wall synthesis and tightly coregulated with the secondary wall-associated cesa genes in hybrid aspen (populus tremula x tremuloides). immunolocalization studies with affinity-purified antibodies specific for pttmap20 revealed that the protein is found in all cell types in developing xylem and that it is most abundant in cells forming secondary cell walls. this pttmap20 protein sequence contains a hi ...200818805954
prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young diarrhoeic dairy calves in switzerland.the prevalences of cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, bovine coronavirus (bcv), and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (e coli k99) were determined in diarrhoeic dairy calves aged one to 21 days on 71 dairy farms in western switzerland during the winter of 2005 to 2006. faecal samples from 147 untreated calves suffering from acute diarrhoea were analysed by standardised diagnostic methods, and the immunoglobulin status of each calf was evaluated. the prevalences of c parvum, rotavirus, bcv and e c ...200818806281
lytic activity of the recombinant staphylococcal bacteriophage phih5 endolysin active against staphylococcus aureus in milk.the endolysin gene (lysh5) from the genome of the staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phih5 was cloned in escherichia coli and characterized. the lysh5 gene encoded a protein (lysh5) whose calculated molecular mass and pi were 53.7 kda and 8.7, respectively. comparative analysis revealed that lysh5 significantly resembled other murein hydrolases encoded by staphylococcal phages. the modular organization of lysh5 comprised three putative domains, namely, chap (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidoh ...200818809219
source tracking of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella contamination in the lairage environment at commercial u.s. beef processing plants and identification of an effective intervention.transportation from the feedlot and lairage at the processing plant have been identified as potential sources of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella hide contamination. the objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive tracking analysis of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella associated with beef cattle from the feedlot through processing. cattle (n = 581) were sampled in a feedlot, then transported in multiple lots to three commercial, fed beef processing plants in the united states, whe ...200818810858
gene expression profiling of liver from dairy cows treated intra-mammary with lipopolysaccharide.liver plays a profound role in the acute phase response (apr) observed in the early phase of acute bovine mastitis caused by escherichia coli (e. coli). to gain an insight into the genes and pathways involved in hepatic apr of dairy cows we performed a global gene expression analysis of liver tissue sampled at different time points before and after intra-mammary (im) exposure to e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) treatment.200818816405
crystallographic and mutational studies of seryl-trna synthetase from the archaeon pyrococcus horikoshii.seryl-trna synthetase (serrs) catalyzes the ligation of serine to the 3'-end of serine trna (trna(ser)), which is typical of the type-2 trnas characterized by a long extra arm. the serrss are divided into two types, the archaeal/eukaryal and bacterial types. in this study, we solved the crystal structures of the serrs from the archaeon pyrococcus horikoshii bound with 5'-o-[n-(l-seryl)-sulfamoyl]-adenosine at 2.6 a and with atp at 2.8 a, as well as in the apo form at 3.0 a. p. horikoshii serrs r ...200818818520
effects of therapeutic ceftiofur administration to dairy cattle on escherichia coli dynamics in the intestinal tract.the goal of this study was to follow ceftiofur-treated and untreated cattle in a normally functioning dairy to examine enteric escherichia coli for changes in antibiotic resistance profiles and genetic diversity. prior to treatment, all of the bacteria cultured from the cows were susceptible to ceftiofur. ceftiofur-resistant e. coli was only isolated from treated cows during and immediately following the cessation of treatment, and the 12 bla(cmy-2)-positive isolates clustered into two genetic g ...200818820057
solution structure of the variable-type domain of the receptor for advanced glycation end products: new insight into age-rage interaction.diabetes is defined by chronic hyperglycemia due to deficiency in insulin action. it has been found that the amount of advanced glycation end products (age) from the maillard reaction between proteins and sugar molecules increases in blood of diabetic patients and furthermore that age binding to their cell surface receptor (rage) triggers both macrovascular and microvascular impairments to cause diabetic complications. due to the clinical significance of the vascular complications, rage is curre ...200819032093
detection of clinical mastitis with the help of a thermal camera.increasing dairy farm size and increase in automation in livestock production require that new methods are used to monitor animal health. in this study, a thermal camera was tested for its capacity to detect clinical mastitis. mastitis was experimentally induced in 6 cows with 10 microg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps). the lps was infused into the left forequarter of each cow, and the right forequarters served as controls. clinical examination for systemic and local signs and sampli ...200819038934
cdna, genomic sequence and overexpression of crystallin alpha-b gene (cryab) of the giant panda.alphab-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein, has been shown to prevent the aggregation of other proteins under various stress conditions. here we have cloned the cdna and the genomic sequence of cryab gene from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology and touchdown-pcr, respectively. the length of cdna fragment cloned contains an open reading frame of 528bp encoding 175 amino acids and the length of the genomic sequence is 3189bp, containing three exons and two introns. ...200819043608
translocation of surface-inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7 into beef subprimals following blade tenderization.in phase i, beef subprimals were inoculated on the lean side with ca. 0.5 to 3.5 log cfu/g of a rifampin-resistant (rifr) cocktail of escherichia coli o157:h7 and passed once, lean side up, through a mechanical blade tenderizer. inoculated subprimals that were not tenderized served as controls. ten core samples were removed from each subprimal and cut into six consecutive segments: segments 1 to 4 comprised the top 4 cm and segments 5 and 6 the deepest 4 cm. levels of e. coli o157:h7 recovered f ...200819044260
periplasmic loops of osmosensory transporter prop in escherichia coli are sensitive to osmolality.prop is an osmosensory transporter. the activities of prop and prop*, a cysteine-less, his(6)-tagged prop variant, increase with osmotic pressure in cells and proteoliposomes. in proteoliposomes, prop activity is osmolality-dependent only if the magnitude of the membrane potential (deltapsi) exceeds 100 mv. some amino acid replacements rendered prop activity osmolality-insensitive [e.g., y44m in transmembrane segment 1 (tmi); s62c in periplasmic loop 1 (loop p1)], whereas others elevated the osm ...200819049385
characterization of the cattle serum antibody responses against tem beta-lactamase and the nonimmunogenic escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (stai).in order to test the use of a subunit recombinant vaccine for its capacity to induce antibodies against the nonimmunogenic heat-stable enterotoxin sta from escherichia coli and the tem-1 beta-lactamase, cattle were immunized with a hybrid protein created by insertion of the sta sequence at position 197 of the tem-1 beta-lactamase. specific anti-sta igg and igg1 antibodies were detected at low levels, while no igg2 antibodies were detected. in contrast, high levels of the different anti-tem igg s ...200819049644
a survey of enteric bacteria and protozoans in fresh bovine faeces on new zealand dairy farms.to determine the counts and/or prevalence in fresh bovine faeces of escherichia coli, enterococci, campylobacter, salmonella, shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), giardia and cryptosporidium, as inputs to numerical models designed to estimate microbial loadings on pasture grazed by cattle in new zealand.200819016977
super-shedding and the link between human infection and livestock carriage of escherichia coli o157.cattle that excrete more escherichia coli o157 than others are known as super-shedders. super-shedding has important consequences for the epidemiology of e. coli o157 in cattle--its main reservoir--and for the risk of human infection, particularly owing to environmental exposure. ultimately, control measures targeted at super-shedders may prove to be highly effective. we currently have only a limited understanding of both the nature and the determinants of super-shedding. however, super-shedding ...200819008890
reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle drinking-water by trans-cinnamaldehyde.cattle serve as a major reservoir of e. coli o157:h7 and excrete the pathogen in feces. environmental persistence of e. coli o157:h7 plays a vital role in its epidemiology on farms, and cattle water troughs are a demonstrated long-term reservoir of e. coli o157:h7 for animals. the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of low concentrations of trans-cinnamaldehyde for killing e. coli o157:h7 in cattle drinking-water. a five-strain mixture of e. coli o157:h7 was inoculated (at a ...200818991539
beef carcass contamination by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains in an abattoir in brazil: characterization and resistance to antimicrobial drugs.a survey was performed to estimate the frequency of escherichia coli and shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) in carcasses obtained from an abattoir in brazil between february 2006 and june 2007. a total of 216 beef carcasses were sampled at three stages of the slaughter process--preevisceration, postevisceration, and postprocessing--during the rain and dry seasons, respectively. of the carcasses sampled, 58% were preevisceration e. coli positive, 38% were postevisceration positive, and 32% post ...200818991542
efficacy of oral and parenteral ketoprofen in lactating cows with endotoxin-induced acute mastitis.one hind quarter of 27 healthy lactating cows was infused with 100 microg escherichia coli endotoxin. two hours later, nine of the cows were given physiological saline by intramuscular injection, nine were given 4 mg/kg ketoprofen orally, and nine were given 3 mg/kg ketoprofen by intramuscular injection. ketoprofen administered either orally or parenterally significantly reduced the effect of the endotoxin on rectal temperature, ruminal contractions and respiratory rate. the size of the udder, t ...200818953074
optical mapping and 454 sequencing of escherichia coli o157 : h7 isolates linked to the us 2006 spinach-associated outbreak.optical maps for five representative clinical, food-borne and bovine-derived isolates from the 2006 escherichia coli o157 : h7 outbreak linked to fresh spinach in the united states showed a common set of 14 distinct chromosomal markers that define the outbreak strain. partial 454 dna sequencing was used to characterize the optically mapped chromosomal markers. the markers included insertions, deletions, substitutions and a simple single nucleotide polymorphism creating a bamhi site. the shiga to ...200818957604
expression of bovine leukemia virus p24 protein in bacterial cell.bovine leukemia virus (blv) is a member of the family retroviridae, genus deltaretrovirus that has three important gene including gag, pol and env. this virus causes b-cell lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cows. in the first step pcr product of gag gene of blv isolated in different regions of iran and blv-flk strain were cloned in to a ptz57r/t vector, then insert were digested by bglii and xhoi restriction enzymes and cloned in to pet-28(a) as an expression vector. for the expression of p24 p ...200819137855
cefixime-tellurite rhamnose macconkey agar for isolation of vero cytotoxin-producing escherichia coli serogroup o26 from scottish cattle and sheep faeces.to compare rhamnose macconkey agar supplemented with cefixime and tellurite (ct-rmac) and tryptone bile x-glucuronide (tbx) agars as isolation media for vero cytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) serogroup o26 from animal faeces.200819552777
development and validation of a probabilistic second-order exposure assessment model for escherichia coli o157:h7 contamination of beef trimmings from irish meat plants.a second-order quantitative monte carlo simulation model was developed for escherichia coli o157:h7 contamination of beef trimmings in irish abattoirs. the assessment considers initial contamination levels, cross-contamination and decontamination events during the cattle slaughter process. the mean simulated prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 on trimmings was 2.36% and the mean simulated counts of e. coli o157:h7 on contaminated trimmings was -2.69log(10)cfu/g. a parallel validation survey provided s ...200822062607
effect of escherichia coli infection of the bovine uterus from the whole animal to the cell.following parturition, contamination of the uterine lumen by bacteria is ubiquitous, and uterine health is impaired in cattle because infection persists in 10% to 15% of animals as endometritis. endometritis causes infertility for the duration of infection, and subfertility persists even after apparent successful resolution of the disease. escherichia coli is the pathogenic bacterium most frequently isolated from the post partum uterus, and is associated with increased concentrations of peripher ...200822443727
interventions to reduce/eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef.the escherichia coli o157:h7 (e. coli o157:h7) outbreak in the northwestern united states ushered in an era that has dramatically changed the way beef processors in the united states convert live cattle into meat. unprecedented cooperation among the beef processors and massive investment in research by the us government and the beef industry have resulted in an acceptable level of control of e. coli o157:h7 in ground beef. the evidence to support the progress in control of e. coli o157:h7 is the ...200722061399
analysis of the resistance behaviour of indicator bacteria to several antibiotics in bulk milk using spatial point pattern methodology.between 2002 and 2004, indicator bacteria (enterococcus, escherichia coli) isolated from 799 bulk milk samples were tested against thirty different antibiotics for resistance. systematic sampling over space (every eighth styrian cattle breeding farm on an unaligned grid) was conducted within the scope of the bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) control programme. results of resistance testing were assigned to their respective farms by means of lfbis (information system for agricultural and forestry ente ...200720422543
diagnosis of tularemia using piezoelectric biosensor technology.a piezoelectric immunosensor for indirect diagnosis of tularemic infection in mouse serum was developed. francisella tularensis lvs antigen was covalently immobilized on the sensing surface using cystamine and glutaraldehyde for activation and modification of the gold electrode. the normal mouse serum (nms) and serum prepared from mice immunized by escherichia coli were used as negative controls providing signal of 28hz during a 5min interaction. the tularemic infectious (immunized) mouse serum ...200719071403
fate of escherichia coi o157:h7 during on-farm dairy manure-based composting.studies were conducted to determine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy manure-based compost in a field setting. two trials were performed involving duplicate compost heaps constructed at an outdoor fenced site. the compost heaps were composed of dairy manure, old hay, feed waste, a mixture of sawdust and calf feces, and fresh hay. samples of the composting mixture were inoculated with stx-negative e. coli o157:h7 b6914 at initial concentrations of 10(7) and 10(5) cfu/g for trial 1 and ...200718095421
microbiological differences between cull cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and cull cattle slaughtered on farms.tissue samples from 27 casualty adult dairy cattle slaughtered on farms and 32 'normal' cull dairy cattle were analysed microbiologically for total viable counts (tvc), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica and campylobacter species. overall the counts of enterobacteriaceae and tvc were higher in the animals slaughtered on farms, particularly in the spleen. one 'normal' animal yielded e coli o157, and one yielded campylobacter jejuni, and eight of the cattle slaughtered ...200718037694
the use of bulk tank milk samples to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms.the routine monitoring of bacteria obtained from bulk tank milk (btm) may be an important tool for detecting farm-level trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. this study describes and compares antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (salmonella) and escherichia coli recovered from dairy btm. btm from more than 400 dairies in a dairy-intense region of california were sampled eight times at 2- to 3-month intervals over a 29-month period. from sa ...200718041950
using predictive microbiology to evaluate risk and reduce economic losses associated with raw meats and poultry exposed to temperature abuse.the department of defense suffers economic losses when temperature-abused raw meat and poultry are condemned. current us army guidance regarding time/temperature limits associated with these foods (risk-3 category) is ultraconservative, especially at lower temperatures. we have developed a more accurate, yet conservative or "fail-safe" computer-based tool for predicting pathogen growth in raw meat and poultry. in 20 trials of this tool, growth (> 0.3 log colony-forming unit increase) or no growt ...200720091984
natural antibodies related to energy balance in early lactation dairy cows.the objectives of this study were to determine the presence of natural antibodies (nab) in plasma and milk of individual dairy cows and to study the relation between nab concentrations and energy balance (eb) and dietary energy source. cows (n = 76) were fed a mainly glucogenic, lipogenic, or a mixture of both diets (50:50 dry matter basis) from wk 3 before the expected calving date until wk 9 postpartum. diets were isocaloric (net energy basis) and equal in intestinal digestible protein. blood ...200718024740
source tracking of escherichia coli by 16s-23s intergenic spacer region denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of the rrnb ribosomal operon.this research validates a novel approach for source tracking based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of dna extracted from escherichia coli isolates. escherichia coli from different animal sources and from river samples upstream from, at, and downstream of a combined sewer overflow were subjected to dgge to determine sequence variations within the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region (isr) of the rrnb ribosomal operon. the isr was analyzed to determine if e. coli isolates fr ...200718026210
surveillance of dairy production holdings supplying raw milk to the farmhouse cheese sector for escherichia coli o157, o26 and o111.clinically healthy domestic animals can harbour escherichia coli o157 and other verocytotoxigenic e. coli (vtec) strains in their faeces. milk filters can be used to microbiologically monitor direct milk secretion and environmental contamination for these pathogens. the aim of this study was to establish baseline data on the prevalence and characteristics of vtec organisms in lactating animals (bovine, ovine and caprine) supplying milk to the farmhouse cheese sector, with particular emphasis on ...200718035974
detection of microorganisms in the saliva and midgut smears of different tick species (acari: ixodoidea) in egypt.investigation of 1789 field-collected adult ticks in egypt for the presence of microorganisms revealed the following: the protozoan, babesia bigemina, b. canis; theileria annulata, and the rickettesia aegyptianella pullorum (carpano) were found in the saliva and the mid-guts smears of eight ixodid and two argasid tick species. the infected percent was higher in cattle and dog ticks than it was in fowl ticks; it was also higher in salivary glands (s) than in the midguts (m). identification of pro ...200717985586
secretory igas from human milk with affinity to mammalian dna are capable of hydrolyzing ribosomal rna.it was found that milk of clinical healthy women contains siga possessing high affinity for the mammalian thymus dna and dna-hydrolyzing activity (siga-abzymes). here we present data that such siga-abzymes, purified by sequential chromatography on deae-fractogel, heparin-sepharose, dna-cellulose and followed by gel-filtration, are also able to hydrolyse total rna from e. coli better than plasmid dna. besides, such siga-abzymes effectively cleaved 18s and 28s ribosomal rna isolated from human a54 ...200717988015
effect of ph on the antimicrobial activity and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions containing caffeic acid.antioxidant properties in food are dependent on various parameters. these include the ph value and interactions with food components, including proteins or metal ions. food components affect antioxidant stability and also influence the properties of microorganisms and their viability. this paper describes an investigation of the effect of ph on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of caffeic acid in different media. the ph values studied, using an oil-in-water emulsion as model system, w ...200717995712
survey of antimicrobial effects of beef carcass intervention treatments in very small state-inspected slaughter plants.u.s. beef slaughter facilities are required to use a carcass intervention treatment to reduce contamination by escherichia coli o157:h7. very small beef slaughter operators generally are unable to carry out challenge studies to validate intervention treatment effectiveness, and in-plant pathogen challenge studies are not permitted. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, measured by decreases in generic e. coli, coliforms, enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic plate count, of in ...200717995740
application of recombinant sjc26gst for serodiagnosis of schistosoma japonicum infection in water buffalo (bos buffelus).schistosomiasis japonica is currently the most serious parasitic disease in mainland china and it is estimated that several million people are infected. furthermore, it is also responsible for the deaths of many domestic animals. in order to establish an effective diagnostic method, the gene encoding sjc26gst was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with his-tag. the purified resjc26gst was used as an antigen for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and for immuno ...200717997225
intraspecies regulation of ribonucleolytic activity.the evolutionary rate of proteins involved in obligate protein-protein interactions is slower and the degree of coevolution higher than that for nonobligate protein-protein interactions. the coevolution of the proteins involved in certain nonobligate interactions is, however, essential to cell survival. to gain insight into the coevolution of one such nonobligate protein pair, the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor (ri) proteins and secretory pancreatic-type ribonucleases from cow (bos taurus) and ...200717956129
high glucose up-regulates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory cytokine production via c-jun n-terminal kinase in the monocytic cell line thp-1.diabetic subjects are susceptible to atherosclerosis. it has been postulated that inflammation plays a crucial role in atherogenesis. since previous studies suggested persistent low-grade infection by gram-negative bacteria such as chlamydia spp. and/or periodontal infection is associated with increased atherogenesis among diabetic subjects, we hypothesized that macrophages under hyperglycemia respond to lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge in a more exaggerated manner than under normal glucose co ...200717956941
common epitopes in lps of different enterobacteriaceae are associated with an immune response against escherichia coli o157 in bovine serum samples.epidemiological studies in both humans and animals conducted in mexico have shown that the isolation frequency of escherichia coli o157 : h7 is low. in a previous study, igg antibodies against e. coli o157, o7 and o116 lps were found in serum samples from children and adults with no previous history of e. coli o157 : h7 infection. the present study was designed to determine whether a similar immune response against e. coli o157 : h7 and other antigenically related bacteria was present in bovine ...200717965343
comparison of rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunomagnetic separation methods for detection of escherichia coli o157 in fecal, hide, carcass, and ground beef samples.rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are approved for detection of escherichia coil o157 in beef products. however, these kits have also been used in the industry to detect this pathogen on hides or in feces of cattle, although this use has not been validated. the objective of this study was to compare commercially available elisas (e. coli now, reveal, and vip) with immunomagnetic separation along with selective media to detect e. coli o157 on hides, in feces, and in medium- and lo ...200717969602
antimicrobial activity of bovine bactericidal permeability-increasing protein-derived peptides against gram-negative bacteria isolated from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis.to evaluate antimicrobial activity of bovine bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (bbpi)-derived synthetic peptides against mastitis-causing gram-negative bacteria.200717975968
preparation of iron oxide-based calcium sensors for mri.we describe a protocol for the preparation of a family of calcium indicators for mri. the indicators consist of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with the calcium-sensing protein, calmodulin, and its target peptides. calcium-dependent protein-protein interactions drive particle clustering and produce large changes in t2 relaxivity. to prepare these indicators, interacting polypeptides are purified, biotinylated and then conjugated to streptavidin-coated nanoparticles. con ...200717948001
survival of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in bovine feces on pasture.the survival of enteric bacteria was measured in bovine feces on pasture. in each season, 11 cow pats were prepared from a mixture of fresh dairy cattle feces and sampled for up to 150 days. four pats were analyzed for escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, and enterococci, and four inoculated pats were analyzed for campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica. two pats were placed on drainage collectors, and another pat was fitted with a temperature probe. in the first 1 to 3 weeks, there were i ...200717951435
the trimeric periplasmic chaperone skp of escherichia coli forms 1:1 complexes with outer membrane proteins via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.the interactions of outer membrane proteins (omps) with the periplasmic chaperone skp from escherichia coli are not well understood. we have examined the binding of skp to various omps of different origin, size, and function. these were ompa, ompg, and yaet (omp85) from escherichia coli, the translocator domain of the autotransporter nalp from neisseria meningitides, foma from fusobacterium nucleatum, and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel, human isoform 1 (hvdac1) from mitochondria. ...200717928002
molecular epidemiology of blacmy-2 plasmids carried by salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolates from cattle in the pacific northwest.restriction analyses of bla(cmy-2)-bearing plasmids and salmonella and escherichia coli hosts identified (i) shared highly similar plasmids in these species in rare cases, (ii) a clonal host-plasmid relationship in salmonella enterica serotype newport, and (iii) a very high diversity of strain types and plasmids among commensal e. coli isolates.200717933916
specific isolation of n-terminal fragments from proteins and their high-fidelity de novo sequencing.a new method to determine n-terminal amino acid sequences of multiple proteins at low pmol level by a parallel processing has been developed. the method contains the following five steps: (1) reduction, s-alkylation and guanidination for targeted proteins; (2) coupling with sulfosucccimidyl-2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate(sulfo-nhs-ss-biotin) to n(alpha)-amino groups of proteins; (3) digestion of the modified proteins by an appropriate protease; (4) specific isolation of n-terminal fra ...200717879392
clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological study of toxic puerperal metritis in iraqi buffalo.data were collected from 42 buffalo with toxic puerperal metritis in 2 large herds, with a history of dystocia, prolapse, and retained placenta. all buffalo were subjected to detailed clinical examination including external inspection, vaginoscopy, and transrectal palpation of the cervix, uterus, and ovaries. swabs for bacteriology and biopsies for histopathology were collected from the uterine lumen from each cow. character, odor, and estimation of polymorphonuclear cells of the vaginal mucus w ...200717881686
differences in virulence among escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from humans during disease outbreaks and from healthy cattle.escherichia coli o157:h7 causes life-threatening outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and significant economic loss in agriculture and could be a potential agent of bioterrorism. although the prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in cattle and other species with which humans have frequent contact is high, human infections are relatively uncommon, despite a low infectious dose. a plausible explanation for the low disease incidence is the possibility that not ...200717890332
ultrasensitive staining-free protein detection after paa gel electrophoresis using deep uv fluorescence.we present the observation of separated protein bands after polyacrylamide (paa) gel electrophoresis based on the staining-free detection of their ultra violet (uv)-induced fluorescence employing deep uv confocal fluorescence microscopy. mixtures of the three biological compounds beta-galactosidase (from escherichia coli), apo-transferrin (bovine) and bovine serum albumin (bsa) have been separated and a staining free detection limit below 80 pg (7.0 x 10(8) molecules) per band has been achieved. ...200717897099
avian- and mammalian-derived antibodies against adherence-associated proteins inhibit host cell colonization by escherichia coli o157:h7.to evaluate the potential for polyclonal antibodies targeting enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) virulence determinants to prevent colonization of host cells by e. coli o157:h7.200717897225
overexpression and purification of mammalian mitochondrial translational initiation factor 2 and initiation factor 3.two mammalian mitochondrial initiation factors have been identified. initiation factor 2 (if2(mt)) selects the initiator trna (fmet-trna) and promotes its binding to the ribosome. initiation factor 3 (if3(mt)) promotes the dissociation of the 55s mitochondrial ribosome into subunits and may play additional, less-well-understood, roles in initiation complex formation. native bovine if2(mt) was purified from liver a number of years ago. the yield of this factor is very low making biochemical studi ...200717913635
effect of hyperimmunization with an escherichia coli j5 bacterin in adult lactating dairy cows.to determine the effect of hyperimmunization with an escherichia coli j5 bacterin on serum igg2 concentration, incidence of clinical mastitis, and rate of survival to the end of the lactation period (ie, day 305) in adult lactating dairy cattle.200717916037
host protein binding and adhesive properties of h6 and h7 flagella of attaching and effacing escherichia coli.it had been suggested that the flagella of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) might contribute to host colonization. in this study, we set out to investigate the adhesive properties of h7 and h6 flagella. we studied the abilities of ehec edl933 (o157:h7) and epec e2348/69 (o127:h6) flagella to bind to bovine mucus, host proteins such as mucins, and extracellular matrix proteins. through several approaches, we found that h6 and h7 flagella and their flag ...200717693516
evaluation of repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr for discrimination of fecal escherichia coli from humans, and different domestic- and wild-animals.the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of repetitive extragenic palindromic anchored polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) in differentiating fecal escherichia coli isolates of human, domestic- and wild-animal origin that might be used as a molecular tool to identify the possible source(s) of fecal pollution of source water. a total of 625 fecal e. coli isolates of human, 3 domestic- (cow, dog and horse) and 7 wild-animal (black bear, coyote, elk, marmot, mule deer, raccoon a ...200717704635
rapid determination of enzyme kinetics from fluorescence: overcoming the inner filter effect.fluorescence change is convenient for monitoring enzyme kinetics. unfortunately, it loses linearity as the absorbance of the fluorescent substrate increases with concentration. when the sum of absorbance at excitation and emission wavelengths exceeds 0.08, this inner filtering effect (ife) alters apparent initial velocities, k(m), and k(cat). the ife distortion of apparent initial velocities can be corrected without doing fluorophore dilution assays. using the substrate's extinction coefficients ...200717706587
enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h11/h-: a human pathogen in emergence.enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26:h11 have emerged as the most important non-o157:h7 ehec, with respect to their ability to cause diarrhoea and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus). hus is a leading cause of acute renal failure in children, and is mainly caused by ehec expressing shiga toxins (stx) 1 and/or 2. since 1996, ehec o26, which produce stx2 only and appear to have enhanced virulence, have been increasingly isolated from hus patients in germany. in contrast, ehec o26 found ...200717715820
degradation of c-terminal truncated alpha a-crystallins by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.calpain-mediated c-terminal cleavage of alpha a-crystallins occurs during aging and cataractogenesis. the objective of the present study was to explore the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (upp) in degrading c-terminal truncated alpha a-crystallins.200717724207
escherichia coli o26 in minced beef: prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern.verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) non-o157 serogroups are among the most important emerging food-borne pathogen groups. in particular, the o26 serogroup is able to cause a large spectrum of illnesses in humans which have a significant public health impact as they may range from haemorrhagic colitis (hc) to haemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp). it is known that vtec organisms are associated with animal reservoirs, i.e. ruminants, and foods o ...200717727994
tracing shigatoxigenic escherichia coli o103, o145, and o174 infections from farm residents to cattle.severe diarrheal infections caused by shigatoxigenic escherichia coli o103:h2:stx(1):eae-epsilon:ehx, o145:h28:stx(1):eae-gamma:ehx (two cases in a family), and o174:h21:stx(2c) in farm residents were traced to cattle. molecular methods were applied to the isolation and characterization of the strains. the causative strains were also isolated from cattle samples 1 or 4 months later.200717804658
in vitro effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals.200717376712
effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 and in vivo growth of generic escherichia coli excreted from steers.the effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of escherichia coli o157:h7 or generic fecal e. coli was evaluated. in experiment 1, the mean growth rate of e. coli o157:h7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37 degrees c, was reduced (p < 0.05) with as little as 400 microg of either tannin extract per ml of culture fluid. the addi ...200717388040
virulence markers and serotypes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, isolated from cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil.to determine the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and serotypes and virulence markers of the stec isolates from beef and dairy cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil.200717397481
antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from dairy cattle.a study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) t ...200717098918
biochemical characterization of 1-cys peroxiredoxin from antrodia camphorata.antrodia camphorata is a unique medicinal mushroom found only in taiwan. it has been used as a remedy for various diseases in folk medicine. antrodia camphorata has been shown to exhibit antioxidative effects. peroxiredoxins play important roles in antioxidation and cell signaling. a gene encoding an antioxidant enzyme, 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin (1-cys prx), was identified in an expressed sequence tag database of the a. camphorata and cloned by polymerase chain reaction. the 1-cys prx cdna (837 b ...200717103164
pyrrolysine is not hardwired for cotranslational insertion at uag codons.pyrrolysine (pyl), the 22nd naturally encoded amino acid, gets acylated to its distinctive uag suppressor trna(pyl) by the cognate pyrrolysyl-trna synthetase (pylrs). here we determine the rna elements required for recognition and aminoacylation of trna(pyl) in vivo by using the pyl analog n-epsilon-cyclopentyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine. forty-two methanosarcina barkeri trna(pyl) variants were tested in escherichia coli for suppression of the lac amber a24 mutation; then relevant trna(pyl) mutants wer ...200717360621
antimicrobial resistance observed in escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle and pigs in korea during 2003-2004.a total of 744 escherichia coli strains isolated from 830 fecal samples of healthy cattle and pigs in all provinces of korea were examined for resistance to 16 antimicrobials. the most frequently observed resistance in cattle isolates was to tetracycline (30.5%), followed by resistance to streptomycin (20.4%), ampicillin (12.0%) and chlorampenicol (6.9%). prevalences of resistance to the same four antimicrobials in swine isolates were 96.3%, 66.8%, 66.1%, and 47.6%, respectively. the prevalence ...200717363100
a simulation model to assess herd-level intervention strategies against e. coli o157.a simulation model of a herd of grazing cattle, which has been developed to provide insight into the infection dynamics of e. coli o157 is described. the spatially explicit model enables the modelling of the infection transmission processes to be realistically addressed under field management conditions. the model is used to explore the efficacy of various potential control strategies in reducing the levels of within-herd infection. these measures include restricting the size of herds, niche eng ...200717109767
survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in england and wales.a survey of clinical and subclinical mastitis was carried out on 97 dairy farms in england and wales, selected at random from members of a national milk recording scheme. the farmers were asked to collect aseptic milk samples from five consecutive cases of clinical mastitis and from five quarters with high somatic cell counts using a defined protocol, and they completed a questionnaire that included information on the cows sampled, the herd and the history of mastitis in the herd. the samples we ...200717322356
escherichia coli o157:h7 infection associated with drinking raw milk--washington and oregon, november-december 2005.during the week of december 5, 2005, public health officials in clark county, washington, were notified of four county residents with laboratory-confirmed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. all four residents reported having consumed raw (i.e., unpasteurized) milk obtained from a farm in neighboring cowlitz county, washington. the farm participated in a cow-share program, in which persons purchase interests in, or shares of, dairy cows in return for a portion of the milk produced. the farm had ...200717332727
recombinant eggshell ovocalyxin-32: expression, purification and biological activity of the glutathione s-transferase fusion protein.the avian eggshell is a highly ordered biomineral composed mainly of calcium carbonate associated with an organic matrix composed of proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. this structure provides the developing embryo with protection from physical damage and microbial invasion. ovocalyxin-32 (ocx-32) is a 32 kda eggshell-specific matrix protein which has been cloned and demonstrates 30% identity with the mammalian carboxypeptidase inhibitor, latexin. in order to further study its function, r ...200717344082
occurrence and characterization of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) strains from dairy farms in trinidad.a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) on 25 dairy farms each located in waller field and carlsen field farming areas in trinidad. on each selected farm, faecal samples were collected from milking cows, calves and humans; rectal swabs were obtained from pet farm dogs; bulk milk was sampled as well as effluent from the milking parlour. escherichia coli was isolated from all sources on selective media using ...200717348911
inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of manure from dairy cattle.inactivation of the pathogenic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 and a non-pathogenic e. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle manure was evaluated with batch tests at 50 and 55 degrees c in biosolids from a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating the manure. using differential-selective plating on sorbitol-macconkey (smac) agar to quantify e. coli, the decline in concentrations of both the sorbitol-negative (putative e. coli o157:h7) and sorbitol-positive (putative non-pathogenic e. coli) org ...200717353028
isolation of e. coli o157:h7 from milk and cattle faeces from urban dairy farming and non dairy farming neighbour households in dagoretti division, nairobi, kenya: prevalence and risk factors.to estimate the prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in milk and cattle faecal samples dairy and non dairy neighbouring households and to relate this prevalence to the risk to human health.200718338724
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