Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| prevalence of shiga toxin-encoding bacteria and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates from dairy farms and county fairs. | shiga toxin-encoding bacteria (stb) and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) were detected and isolated from dairy cattle and their farm environment and from manure piles at minnesota (mn) county fairs from 2001 to 2002. a total of 2,540 samples were collected from 28 dairy cattle farms (8 organic and 20 conventional), 17 calf pens (5 organic and 12 conventional), and 12 county fairs. stb were detected from 71 (3.2%) of 2208 fecal samples with 20 (71.4%) of 28 dairy farms having at leas ... | 2006 | 16959442 |
| deferoxamine reduces tissue damage during endotoxin-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | the protective effects of 3 antioxidants on polymorphonuclear neutrophil-induced damage to mammary cells were evaluated in vivo using an endotoxin-induced mastitis model. fifteen healthy, midlactation cows with no history of clinical escherichia coli mastitis were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatment groups corresponding to each modulator to be evaluated, that is, deferoxamine, catechin, and glutathione ethyl ester. each cow had 1 quarter infused with saline and 1 quarter infused with the s ... | 2006 | 16960060 |
| occurrence, virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli o157 in slaughtered cattle and diarrhoeic calves in west bengal, india. | (i) to study the occurrence of escherichia coli serotype o157 in cattle stool in west bengal, india, and (ii) the virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance of the e. coli isolates. | 2006 | 16965371 |
| effect of ractopamine hcl supplementation on fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle. | the effects of the beta-agonist ractopamine, recently approved for use in feedlot cattle to improve carcass quality and performance, on fecal shedding escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle was examined. in the first study, 20 feedlot steers and heifers were randomly assigned to receive ractopamine or no ractopamine (control) by way of oral bolus for 28 days. fecal samples were collected daily, and shedding of e. coli o157:h7 determined. when examined during the entire 28-day ... | 2006 | 16972129 |
| public health significance of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria in raw bulk tank milk. | the dairy farm environment and animals on the farm serve as important reservoirs of pathogenic and commensal bacteria that could potentially gain access to milk in the bulk tank via several pathways. pathogenic gram-negative bacteria can gain access to bulk tank milk from infected mammary glands, contaminated udders and milking machines, and/or from the dairy farm environment. contaminated raw milk when consumed by humans or fed to animals on the farm can result in gastroenteric infections in hu ... | 2006 | 16972770 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of escherichia coli o157 isolates from kansas feedlots. | this study investigated the prevalence and distribution of escherichia coli o157 genetic types within and among feedlots using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to separate xbai-digested dna. the study population consisted of 300 pens of cattle in 30 feedlots in kansas that were sampled (feces, water, and water sediment) within a month of being shipped for slaughter. the prevalence of e. coli o157 was 8.5% in feces, 3.1% in water, and 4.5% in water sediment samples. a total of 424 e. coli o157 is ... | 2006 | 16972773 |
| response of spinach and komatsuna to biogas effluent made from source-separated kitchen garbage. | recycling of kitchen garbage is an urgent task for reducing public spending and environmental burdens by incineration and/or landfill. there is an interesting regional effort in ogawa, saitama prefecture, japan, in which source-separated kitchen garbage is anaerobically fermented with a biogas plant and the resultant effluent is used as a quick-release organic fertilizer by surrounding farmers. however, scientific assessments of fertilizer values and risks in the use of the effluent were lacking ... | 2006 | 16973635 |
| characterization of escherichia coli isolates from different fecal sources by means of classification tree analysis of fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles. | microbial source tracking (mst) methods need to be rapid, inexpensive and accurate. unfortunately, many mst methods provide a wealth of information that is difficult to interpret by the regulators who use this information to make decisions. this paper describes the use of classification tree analysis to interpret the results of a mst method based on fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of escherichia coli isolates, and to present results in a format readily interpretable by water quality mana ... | 2006 | 16570218 |
| serotypes and analysis of distribution of shiga toxin producing escherichia coli from cattle and sheep in the lower north island, new zealand. | to serotype a subset of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates from cattle and sheep to determine whether any corresponding serotypes have been implicated in human diarrhoeal disease, both in new zealand and worldwide, and to examine the distribution of stec and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) amongst cattle (calves, heifers and dairy) and sheep (lambs, rams and ewes), to assess whether carriage of identified bacterial genotypes may be associated with a particular age of ... | 2006 | 16596159 |
| purification and characterization of bovine steroid 21-hydroxylase (p450c21) efficiently expressed in escherichia coli. | steroid 21-hydroxylase, p450c21, is responsible for the conversion of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to their 21-hydroxylated derivatives. p450c21 has been poorly investigated because of difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of purified protein. to solve the problem, we have attempted to express the bovine p450c21 in escherichia coli as a stable form. the n-terminal membrane anchor and basic regions of p450c21 were replaced by the basic region of cyp2c3. the engineered p450 ... | 2006 | 16597434 |
| clonal dissemination of escherichia coli o157:h7 subtypes among dairy farms in northeast ohio. | to ascertain the extent to which indistinguishable strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 are shared between farms, molecular characterization was performed on e. coli o157:h7 isolates recovered during a longitudinal study of 20 dairy farms in northeast ohio. of the 20 dairy farms sampled, 16 were located in a primary area and 4 were located in two other distant geographical areas. a total of 92 e. coli o157:h7 isolates obtained from bovine fecal samples, water trough sediment samples, free-stall b ... | 2006 | 16597966 |
| evaluation of a pcr detection method for escherichia coli o157:h7/h- bovine faecal samples. | combinations of pcr primer sets were evaluated to establish a multiplex pcr method to specifically detect escherichia coli o157:h7 genes in bovine faecal samples. | 2006 | 16599993 |
| toxicological impact studies based on escherichia coli bacteria in ultrafine zno nanoparticles colloidal medium. | we report here preliminary studies of biocidal effects and cellular internalization of zno nanoparticles on escherichia coli bacteria. zno nanoparticles were synthesized in di(ethylene glycol) (deg) medium by forced hydrolysis of ionic zn2+ salts. particle size and shape were controlled by addition of small molecules and macromolecules such as tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, and bovine serum albumin. transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x- ... | 2006 | 16608300 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes in community dna. | many methods are used to detect antibiotic resistance genes in samples. the objective of the study reported here was to compare polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of community dna with fecal culturing for detecting antibiotic resistance genes in cattle samples. in the laboratory-based portion of this study, known concentrations of an escherichia coli strain with 3 antibiotic resistance genes (cmy-2, flo, and cat) were added to feces from dairy cattle. these genes were used to assess the ef ... | 2006 | 16617698 |
| interferon-alpha genes from bos and bubalus bubalus. | interferon-a genes were cloned from six breeds of three species of two genera (three chinese native cattle breeds of yellow cattle, wild yak and huanhu domestic yak, one european breed of holstein cow, and two water buffalo breeds of fuan water buffalo and fuzhong water buffalo) by direct pcr. the pcr products were directly inserted into the expression vector to be sequenced and expressed. sequence analysis showed that ifn-a genes of six clones were composed of 498 nucleotides, encoding a mature ... | 2006 | 16621760 |
| the escherichia coli o157 flagellar regulatory gene flhc and not the flagellin gene flic impacts colonization of cattle. | a virulent european escherichia coli o157:h- isolate is nonmotile due to a 12-bp deletion in the flagellar regulatory gene flhc. to investigate the contribution of flhc in the relationship between e. coli o157:h7 and cattle, we constructed a similar flhc regulatory mutant in the well-characterized strain atcc 43894. there was no difference in the growth rate between the wild type and this regulatory mutant, but phenotypic arrays showed substrate utilization differences. survival in the bovine ga ... | 2006 | 16622228 |
| atr-ftir redox difference spectroscopy of yarrowia lipolytica and bovine complex i. | atr-ftir spectroscopy in combination with electrochemistry has been applied to the redox centers of yarrowia lipolytica complex i. the redox spectra show broad similarities with previously published data on escherichia coli complex i and with new data here on bovine complex i. the spectra are dominated by amide i/ii protein backbone changes. comparisons with redox ir spectra of small model ferredoxins demonstrate that these amide i/ii changes arise primarily from characteristic structural change ... | 2006 | 16634627 |
| real-time reverse transcription-multiplex pcr for simultaneous and specific detection of rfbe and eae genes of escherichia coli o157:h7. | a real-time reverse transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (rrt-mpcr) was developed for detection of mrna encoded by rfbe and eae genes of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7. a 129-bp and a 106-bp sequence specific to rfbe and eae, respectively, were targeted for reverse transcription, amplification, and real-time detection. a single-step rt-pcr kit containing a mixture of reverse transcriptases converted mrna into cdna, which was subsequently amplified by taq polymeras ... | 2006 | 16644181 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of rabbit alpha2-antiplasmin. | the rabbit is frequently employed in small animal models of in-vivo coagulation and fibrinolysis, but the degree to which its plasma proteins resemble their human counterparts is incompletely known. our aims were: to determine the nucleotide sequence of a full-length rabbit liver alpha(2)-antiplasmin (alpha(2)ap) cdna; compare it with its human, murine, and bovine counterparts; and express it in functional form. partial cdnas encoding 5' and 3' portions of the alpha(2)ap mrna were obtained by re ... | 2006 | 16651871 |
| isolation, characterization, and epidemiological assessment of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o84 isolates from new zealand. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o84 isolates (n = 22) were examined using culture- and molecularly based methods in order to compare their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. these analyses directly linked shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o84 isolates from cattle and sheep with human isolates indicating that new zealand livestock may be a reservoir of infection. | 2006 | 16672424 |
| interleukin-8 expression by mammary gland endothelial and epithelial cells following experimental mastitis infection with e. coli. | epithelial and endothelial cells play a pivotal role in initiating and controlling the movement of leukocytes into tissues during inflammation through the production of cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-8 (il-8). in situ hybridization with an il-8 riboprobe was used to determine il-8 mrna expression by mammary gland epithelial and endothelial cells in cows with experimental escherichia coli mastitis. epithelial cells of the gland, especially surrounding the alveoli, had increased il-8 ... | 2006 | 16675015 |
| analysis of fimbrial gene clusters and their expression in enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | the sequence of two enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 strains reveals the possession of at least 16 fimbrial gene clusters, many of the chaperone/usher class. the first part of this study examined the distribution of these clusters in a selection of ehec/epec (enteropathogenic e. coli) serotypes to determine if any were likely to be unique to e. coli o157:h7. six of the clusters, as determined by the presence of amplified main subunit or usher gene sequences, were detected only ... | 2006 | 16689724 |
| the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial atp synthase. | the peripheral stalk of f-atpases is an essential component of these enzymes. it extends from the membrane distal point of the f1 catalytic domain along the surface of the f1 domain with subunit a in the membrane domain. then, it reaches down some 45 a to the membrane surface, and traverses the membrane, where it is associated with the a-subunit. its role is to act as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha3beta3 subcomplex and the a-subunit static relative to the rotary element of the enzyme, whic ... | 2006 | 16697972 |
| attachment of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli to beef muscle and adipose tissue. | shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) serotypes are important foodborne pathogens that cause gastrointestinal disease worldwide. an understanding of how stec strains attach to surfaces may provide insight into the potential persistence of and contamination with stec in food environments. the initial attachment of a selection of stec serotypes to beef muscle and adipose tissue was evaluated for isolates grown in planktonic and sessile culture. initial experiments were performed to determine whe ... | 2006 | 16715795 |
| thermal inactivation studies of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties. | thermal inactivation studies were used to determine the d- and z-values of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties. inoculated meat was packaged in sterile bags, which were immersed in a circulated water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, 65, 67.5, and 70 degrees c for different lengths of time. d- and z-values were determined with a linear regression model. average d-values at temperatures 55 to 70 degrees c were 27.62 to 0.0 ... | 2006 | 16715808 |
| inhibition of bacteriophage m13 replication with esterified milk proteins. | esterified milk proteins [methylated (met) or ethylated (et) alpha-lactalbumin (ala), beta-lactoglobulin (blg), and beta-casein (bcn)], unmodified native milk proteins, and native basic proteins (calf thymus histone and hen egg white lysozyme) were tested for their antiviral activity against the bacteriophage m13 and for their influence on its replication (except bcn). all esterified milk proteins showed an antiviral activity against the bacteriophage m13, proportional to the extent of esterific ... | 2006 | 16719499 |
| characterization of escherichia coli isolated from carcasses of beef cattle during their processing at an abattoir in brazil. | beef carcass sponge samples collected between march 2003 and august 2005 at an abattoir in brazil were surveyed for the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). only one carcass among the 80 tested showed a stec, stx2-encoding gene by pcr amplification. the frequency of carcass contamination by e. coli during processing was tested at three situations, respectively: preevisceration, postevisceration and postprocessing, during the rain and dry seasons. the prevalence of e. coli a ... | 2006 | 16720056 |
| the effect of the presence of globular proteins and elongated polymers on enzyme activity. | we have studied the effect of a crowded (macromolecular) solution on reaction rates of the decarboxylating enzymes urease, pyruvate decarboxylase and glutamate decarboxylase. a variety of crowding agents were used including haemoglobin, lysozyme, various dextrans and polyethylene glycol. enzyme reaction rates of all three enzymes show two different types of effect that separate the globular proteins from the polysaccharides/polymers. increasing concentration of globular proteins caused a dramati ... | 2006 | 16720113 |
| thionein can serve as a reducing agent for the methionine sulfoxide reductases. | it has been generally accepted, primarily from studies on methionine sulfoxide reductase (msr) a, that the biological reducing agent for the members of the msr family is reduced thioredoxin (trx), although high levels of dtt can be used as the reductant in vitro. preliminary experiments using both human recombinant msrb2 (hmsrb2) and msrb3 (hmsrb3) showed that although dtt can function in vitro as the reducing agent, trx works very poorly, prompting a more careful comparison of the ability of dt ... | 2006 | 16735467 |
| hybridase activity of human ribonuclease-1 revealed by a real-time fluorometric assay. | human ribonuclease-1 (hrnase-1) is an extracellular enzyme found in exocrine pancreas, blood, milk, saliva, urine and seminal plasma, which has been implicated in digestion of dietary rna and in antiviral host defense. the enzyme is characterized by a high catalytic activity toward both single-stranded and double-stranded rna. in this study, we explored the possibility that hrnase-1 may also be provided with a ribonuclease h activity, i.e. be able to digest the rna component of rna:dna hybrids. ... | 2006 | 16738129 |
| demonstration of methods to reduce e. coli runoff from dairy manure application sites. | contamination by bacteria is a leading cause of impairment in u.s. waters, particularly in areas of livestock agriculture. we evaluated the effectiveness of several practices in reducing escherichia coli levels in runoff from fields receiving liquid dairy (bos taurus) manure. runoff trials were conducted on replicated hay and silage corn (zea mays l.) plots using simulated rainfall. levels of e. coli in runoff were approximately 10(4) to 10(6) organisms per 100 ml, representing a significant pol ... | 2006 | 16738394 |
| use of a simulation model to evaluate sampling strategies for characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-type-specific escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows. | to evaluate various sampling strategies for potential use in measuring prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility in cattle. | 2006 | 16740086 |
| field trial evaluating the influence of prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial administration on antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coli in dairy calves. | the objective of this study was to describe the influence of in-feed and therapeutic antimicrobials on resistance in commensal fecal escherichia coli isolated from preweaned calves. four groups of 30, day-old calf-ranch calves were enrolled and raised until 4 weeks of age. groups 1 to 3 were raised without antimicrobials in the feed. group 1 was isolated from the other groups and received no antimicrobial therapy. group 2 was housed on the calf ranch and did not receive antimicrobial therapy, wh ... | 2006 | 16751491 |
| molecular epidemiology of ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates from dairy calves. | healthy calves (n = 96, 1 to 9 weeks old) from a dairy herd in central pennsylvania were examined each month over a five-month period for fecal shedding of ceftiofur-resistant gram-negative bacteria. ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates (n = 122) were characterized by antimicrobial resistance (disk diffusion and mic), serotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes, beta-lactamase genes, and virulence genes. antibiotic disk diffusion assays showed that the isolates were resistant to ... | 2006 | 16751500 |
| development of bacteroides 16s rrna gene taqman-based real-time pcr assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. | bacteroides species are promising indicators for differentiating livestock and human fecal contamination in water because of their high concentration in feces and potential host specificity. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was designed to target bacteroides species (allbac) present in human, cattle, and equine feces. direct pcr amplification (without dna extraction) using the allbac assay was tested on feces diluted in water. fecal concentrations and threshold cycle were linearly correlated ... | 2006 | 16751534 |
| crystal structure of the second lns/lg domain from neurexin 1alpha: ca2+ binding and the effects of alternative splicing. | neurexins mediate protein interactions at the synapse, playing an essential role in synaptic function. extracellular domains of neurexins, and their fragments, bind a distinct profile of different proteins regulated by alternative splicing and ca2+. the crystal structure of n1alpha_lns#2 (the second lns/lg domain of bovine neurexin 1alpha) reveals large structural differences compared with n1alpha_lns#6 (or n1beta_lns), the only other lns/lg domain for which a structure has been determined. the ... | 2006 | 16772286 |
| ultra-fast tandem mass spectrometry scanning combined with monolithic column liquid chromatography increases throughput in proteomic analysis. | liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (lc/esi-ms) has been used successfully for the characterization of biomolecules in proteomics in the last few years. this methodology relied largely on the use of reversed-phase chromatography, in particular c18-based resins, which are suitable for separation of peptides. here we show that polymeric [polystyrene divinylbenzene] monolithic columns can be used to separate peptide mixtures faster and at a higher resolutio ... | 2006 | 16773668 |
| [escherichia coli o157:h7 detection in fresh ground beef and hamburgers]. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is an emergent pathogen associated with food transmitted diseases. in 1982, escherichia coli o157:h7 was for the first time identified as the cause of two hemorrhagic colitis outbreaks in the united states. it is now well known that most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome are caused by these bacteria. the objective of this work was to detect the microorganism in fresh ground beef and hamburgers. from april 2003 to august 2004 samples were taken at sale points of our supe ... | 2006 | 16784134 |
| microbiological status of fresh beef cuts. | fresh beef samples (n = 1,022) obtained from two processing plants in the midwest (july to december 2003) were analyzed for levels of microbial populations (total aerobic plate count, total coliform count, and escherichia coli count) and for the presence or absence of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella. a fresh beef cut sample was a 360-g composite of 6-g portions excised from the surface of 60 individual representative cuts in a production lot. samples of fresh beef cuts yielded levels of 4.0 to 6. ... | 2006 | 16786874 |
| adherent and invasive escherichia coli are associated with persistent bovine mastitis. | bovine mastitis caused by escherichia coli has traditionally been viewed as a transient infection. however, e. coli can also cause clonal persistent intramammary infection (imi) in dairy cows. in this study, we explored the possibility that e. coli strains associated with persistent imi are better able to adhere to, invade, survive and replicate in cultured mammary epithelial cells (mac-t) than transient strains, and examined their serotype, overall genotype, phylogenetic group, and the presence ... | 2006 | 16787715 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in ground beef and lamb cuts: results of a one-year study. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) have been associated with a broad spectrum of diarrhoeal syndromes. some of these cases have been attributed to foods of bovine origin or other foods cross-contaminated by beef products or cow manure. the purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of stec distribution in selected red meats over time. samples of ground beef and lamb cuts were collected over a 52-week period from 31 different outlets and 25 g portions were assayed for stec. ste ... | 2006 | 16793157 |
| bioassay-guided purification and identification of antimicrobial components in chinese green tea extract. | the chinese green tea extract was found to strongly inhibit the growth of major food-borne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and a diarrhoea food-poisoning pathogen bacillus cereus, by 44-100% with the highest activity found against s. aureus and lowest against e. coli o157:h7. a bioassay-guided fractionation technique was used for identifying the principal active component. a simple and efficient reversed-phase high ... | 2006 | 16797571 |
| isolation and characterization of recombinant drosophila copia aspartic proteinase. | the wild type copia gag precursor protein of drosophila melanogaster expressed in escherichia coli was shown to be processed autocatalytically to generate two daughter proteins with molecular masses of 33 and 23 kda on sds/page. the active-site motif of aspartic proteinases, asp-ser-gly, was present in the 23 kda protein corresponding to the c-terminal half of the precursor protein. the coding region of this daughter protein (152 residues) in the copia gag gene was expressed in e. coli to produc ... | 2006 | 16813567 |
| simulating escherichia coli o157:h7 transmission to assess effectiveness of interventions in dutch dairy-beef slaughterhouses. | beef contamination with escherichia coli o157:h7 (vtec) is an important food-safety issue. to investigate the effectiveness of interventions against vtec in dutch beef industrial slaughterhouses that slaughter 500 dairy cattle per day, a monte carlo simulation model was built. we examined seven carcass-antimicrobial interventions, namely: hot-water wash, lactic-acid rinse, trim, steam-vacuum, steam-pasteurization, hide-wash with ethanol and gamma irradiation, and their combinations. the estimate ... | 2006 | 16814887 |
| simulation of normal, carrier and affected controls for large-scale genotyping of cattle for factor xi deficiency. | an insertion mutation within exon 12 of the factor xi gene has been described in holstein cattle. this has opened the prospect for large-scale screening of cattle using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for the rapid identification of heterozygous animals. to facilitate such a screening process, the mutant and normal alleles of factor xi gene, represented by 244- and 320-bp pcr amplified fragments, were individually cloned in escherichia coli using a multicopy plasmid cloning vehicle ... | 2006 | 16819712 |
| use of a nonmedicated dietary supplement correlates with increased prevalence of streptomycin-sulfa-tetracycline-resistant escherichia coli on a dairy farm. | we examined how a dietary supplement affects the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli on a dairy farm in washington state. between 2001 and 2004 the prevalence of fecal e. coli strains resistant to streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline (ssut strains) declined from 59.2% to 26.1% in the calf population. in 2003 the dairy discontinued use of a dietary supplement, and we hypothesized that the decline in prevalence of ssut strains was related to this change in management. to te ... | 2006 | 16820447 |
| mouse stefins a1 and a2 (stfa1 and stfa2) differentiate between papain-like endo- and exopeptidases. | stefin a (stfa) acts as a competitive inhibitor of intracellular papain-like cysteine proteases which play important roles in normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and ovarian follicular growth and maturation. in the mouse there are at least three different variants of stfa (stfa1, stfa2 and stfa3). recent genetic studies identified structural polymorphisms in stfa1 and stfa2 as candidates for aod1b, a locus controlling susceptibility to day three thymect ... | 2006 | 16831429 |
| bovine serum amyloid a3 gene structure and promoter analysis: induced transcriptional expression by bacterial components and the hormone prolactin. | regulation of the bovine saa3 promoter in response to signaling molecules associated with lactation or bacterial infection was assessed using a luciferase reporter system. although the liver is the primary site for the production of acute phase proteins, typically serum amyloid a1 (saa1) and serum amyloid a2 (saa2), analysis of the differential expression of serum amyloid a3 (saa3) by mammary epithelial cells is limited. gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and the gram-positive bact ... | 2006 | 16837143 |
| dissemination and persistence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains on french dairy farms. | some shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains (stec), and in particular e. coli o157:h7, are known to cause severe illness in humans. stec have been responsible for large foodborne outbreaks and some of these have been linked to dairy products. the aim of the present study was to determine the dissemination and persistence of stec on 13 dairy farms in france, which were selected out of 151 randomized dairy farms. a total of 1309 samples were collected, including 415 faecal samples from cat ... | 2006 | 16837144 |
| soil survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 acquired by a child from garden soil recently fertilized with cattle manure. | this investigation was conducted to determine the survival of a naturally occurring escherichia coli o157:h7 in garden soil linked to a sporadic case of e. coli o157 infection in minnesota. | 2006 | 16882151 |
| analysis of the clonal relationship of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli serogroup o165:h25 isolated from cattle. | variations in time and space of a clonal group of escherichia coli o165:h25 on a cattle farm were monitored. the virulence marker pattern (stx genes, eae gene, hly(ehec) gene, katp gene, espp gene, efa gene) suggests that e. coli o165:h25 of bovine origin may represent a risk for human infection. | 2006 | 16517683 |
| a novel adsorbent of circulating bacterial toxins and cytokines: the effect of direct hemoperfusion with ctr column for the treatment of experimental endotoxemia. | the current study examined the ability of a new adsorbent, ctr, to remove enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1), and cytokines from blood and/or serum in vitro and the effects of the extracorporeal treatment with ctr column on mortality rate and inflammatory responses to endotoxic shock in vivo. | 2006 | 16521274 |
| [recombinant non-structural 3a, 3b and 3ab proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus: use for differentiation of vaccinated and infected cattle]. | recombinant proteins 3a, 3b and 3ab were obtained by expression in escherichia coli and purified by metal-chelate chromatography. the proteins were used as antigens in indirect elisa to differentiate vaccinated and infected cattle. while testing 200 sera from cattle 3a-elisa was more sensitive and specific than 3b- and 3ab-elisa. compared with "chekit fmd-3abc", 3a-elisa showed the same level of specificity and higher level of sensitivity. | 2006 | 16523703 |
| results of the antimicrobial agent susceptibility study raised in a representative, cross-sectional monitoring study on a national basis. | the use of antimicrobial substances in human and veterinary medicine inevitably results in a selection pressure for drug resistance in exposed bacteria. preventive measures, apt to avoid the consequent development of new resistances and selection for existing ones, respectively, have to be elaborated. moreover, it has to be ensured that neither resistant bacteria nor resistance genes are spread to and consequently via the food chain. respiratory diseases as well as mastitis in dairy cattle belon ... | 2006 | 16531116 |
| coliform bacteria in sierra nevada wilderness lakes and streams: what is the impact of backpackers, pack animals, and cattle? | the presence of coliform bacteria indicates a watershed risk for harboring microbes capable of causing human disease. we hypothesized that water from watersheds that have different human- or animal-use patterns would have differing risks for the presence of coliform bacteria. methods; water was collected in wilderness areas of the sierra nevada range in california. a total of 60 sites from lakes or streams were selected to statistically differentiate the risk categories: 1) high use by backpacke ... | 2006 | 16538940 |
| microarray based comparison of two escherichia coli o157:h7 lineages. | previous research has identified the potential for the existence of two separate lineages of escherichia coli o157:h7. clinical isolates tended to cluster primarily within one of these two lineages. to determine if there are virulence related genes differentially expressed between the two lineages we chose to utilize microarray technology to perform an initial screening. | 2006 | 16539702 |
| association between indicators of cattle density and incidence of paediatric haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (hus) in children under 15 years of age in france between 1996 and 2001: an ecological study. | over the past years shiga-like toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 emerged as an important cause of severe gastrointestinal illnesses and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (hus) with up to 10% of children infected with stec developing hus. we conducted a geographical ecological study using the district as the statistical unit. for each district, we estimated the incidence of hus among children <15 years for the period 1996-2001 from national hus surveillance data and data obtained on cattl ... | 2006 | 16371171 |
| in vivo expression of the antimicrobial defensin and lactoferrin proteins allowed by the strategic insertion of introns adequately spliced. | a major limitation of conventional shuttle expression system, when cloning a bactericidal gene, is the basal expression level in bacteria, which is lethal. although the expression level is low, the bactericidal feature inherent to the molecule leads to subsequent failure to recover intact transformants when the related gene is cloned into a conventional expression vector. contrary to popular belief, the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early region 1 promoter (cmv), which is to date one of the mo ... | 2006 | 16516411 |
| purification and antigenicity of two recombinant forms of boophilus microplus yolk pro-cathepsin expressed in inclusion bodies. | the tick boophilus microplus is a bovine ectoparasite present in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and the use of vaccines is a promising method for tick control. byc is an aspartic proteinase found in eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis of b. microplus and was proposed as an important antigen in the development of an anti-tick vaccine. the cdna of byc was amplified by pcr and cloned for expression in two forms with and without thioredoxin fusion protein (trx), coding recombinan ... | 2006 | 16122942 |
| influence of sex steroids on the viability and cd11b, cd18 and cd47 expression of blood neutrophils from dairy cows in the last month of gestation. | in the period around parturition, cows experience an increased susceptibility for the development of escherichia coli mastitis. this increased susceptibility has been correlated with a decreased functionality of neutrophils. in the current study, it is suggested that the decreased neutrophil functionality may be induced by the extensive alterations in sex steroid levels occurring around parturition. it was first hypothesized that 17beta-estradiol and progesterone influence the viability, apoptos ... | 2006 | 16336925 |
| assembly of cs1 pili: the role of specific residues of the major pilin, cooa. | cs1 pili are important virulence factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains associated with human diarrheal disease. they are the prototype for a family of pili that share extensive sequence similarity among their structural and assembly proteins. only four linked genes, coob, cooa, cooc, and cood, are required to produce cs1 pili in e. coli k-12. to identify amino acids important for the function of the major pilin cooa, we used alanine substitution mutagenesis targeting conserved resi ... | 2006 | 16352839 |
| modeling and predicting the simultaneous growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 and ground beef background microflora for various enrichment protocols. | the simultaneous growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 (o157) and the ground beef background microflora (bm) was described in order to characterize the effects of enrichment factors on the growth of these organisms. the different enrichment factors studied were basal medium (trypticase soy broth and e. coli broth), the presence of novobiocin in the broth, and the incubation temperature (37 degrees c or 40 degrees c). bm and o157 kinetics were simultaneously fitted by using a competitive growth mode ... | 2006 | 16391052 |
| prevalence and virulence factors of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111, and o145 shed by cattle in scotland. | a national survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of escherichia coli o26, o103, o111, and o145 in feces of scottish cattle. in total, 6,086 fecal pats from 338 farms were tested. the weighted mean percentages of farms on which shedding was detected were 23% for e. coli o26, 22% for e. coli o103, and 10% for e. coli o145. the weighted mean prevalences in fecal pats were 4.6% for e. coli o26, 2.7% for e. coli o103, and 0.7% for e. coli o145. no e. coli o111 was detected. farms with catt ... | 2006 | 16391103 |
| quantitative analysis and evaluation of the solubility of hydrophobic proteins recovered from brain, heart and urine using uv-visible spectrophotometry. | there is a need for a simple method that can directly quantify hydrophobic proteins. uv-visible spectrophotometry was applied in the present study for this purpose. absorbance at lambda = 280 nm (a280) was detected for both escherichia coli membrane proteins and bovine serum albumin, whereas absorbance at lambda = 620 nm (a620) was only detected for e. coli membrane proteins. the a620 values of the brain samples were greater than those of heart samples when equal concentrations were used, regard ... | 2006 | 16402178 |
| geographical variation in antibiotic resistance profiles of escherichia coli isolated from swine, poultry, beef and dairy cattle farm water retention ponds in florida. | the aim of this study was to assess geographical variation in multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) profiles of livestock escherichia coli as well as to evaluate the ability of mar profiles to differentiate sources of faecal pollution. | 2006 | 16405684 |
| super-shedding cattle and the transmission dynamics of escherichia coli o157. | the prevalence of escherichia coli o157 displays striking variability across the scottish cattle population. on 78% of farms, in a cross-sectional survey of 952, no shedding of e. coli o157 was detected, but on a small proportion, approximately 2%, very high prevalences of infection were found (with 90-100% of pats sampled being positive). we ask whether this variation arises from the inherent stochasticity in transmission dynamics or whether it is a signature of underlying heterogeneities in th ... | 2006 | 16409660 |
| differentiation of faecal escherichia coli from humans and animals by multiple antibiotic resistance analysis. | multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) was performed on 128 escherichia coli isolates, recovered from faecal samples of humans and animals (cattle, goat, sheep) to determine and compare their antibiotic resistance patterns and to evaluate them statistically in order to specify the source of the faecal material. | 2006 | 16411923 |
| salvage of focal cerebral ischemic damage by transfusion of high o2-affinity recombinant hemoglobin polymers in mouse. | cell-free hemoglobin solutions with high oxygen affinity might be beneficial for selectively delivering oxygen to ischemic tissue. a recombinant hybrid hemoglobin molecule was designed using the human alpha-subunit and the bovine beta-subunit, with placement of surface cysteines to permit disulfide bond polymerization of the tetramers. the resulting protein generated from an escherichia coli expression system had a molecular mass >1 mda, a p50 of approximately 3 torr, and a cooperativity of n = ... | 2006 | 16424069 |
| acute experimental mastitis is not causal toward the development of energy-related metabolic disorders in early postpartum dairy cows. | twenty holstein cows in early lactation (7 d in milk) were administered 100 microg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) dissolved in 10 ml of sterile 0.9% nacl saline (treatment; trt) or 10 ml of sterile saline (control) into both right mammary quarters to test the hypothesis that acute experimental mastitis would have negative impacts on aspects of energy metabolism that might lead to the development of metabolic disorders. a primed continuous intravenous infusion (14-micromol/kg of bw ... | 2006 | 16428629 |
| escherichia coli with anti-o157:h7 activity isolated from bovine colon. | to isolate bacteria from bovine gastrointestinal tract and investigate their inhibitory effect on escherichia coli o157:h7 in vitro. | 2006 | 16430515 |
| comparison of effects of high-pressure processing and heat treatment on immunoactivity of bovine milk immunoglobulin g in enriched soymilk under equivalent microbial inactivation levels. | immunoglobulin-rich foods may provide health benefits to consumers. to extend the refrigerated shelf life of functional foods enriched with bovine immunoglobulin g (igg), nonthermal alternatives such as high-pressure processing (hpp) may offer advantages to thermal processing for microbial reduction. to evaluate the effects of hpp on the immunoactivity of bovine igg, a soymilk product enriched with milk protein concentrates, derived from dairy cows that were hyperimmunized with 26 human pathogen ... | 2006 | 16448177 |
| selection of an escherichia coli o157:h7 bacteriophage for persistence in the circulatory system of mice infected experimentally. | a bacteriophage lytic for escherichia coli o157:h7 was isolated from bovine manure. following in-vivo selection, the phage acquired the capacity to persist in the circulatory system of mice for at least 38 days. when mice were infected experimentally with e. coli o157:h7 (10(7) cfu/mouse), simultaneous injection of the mice with phage (10(8) pfu/mouse) cleared e. coli o157:h7 from the mice within 48 h. | 2006 | 16451412 |
| role of coresistance in the development of resistance to chloramphenicol in escherichia coli isolated from sick cattle and pigs. | to determine the cause of persistent resistance to chloramphenicol (cp) after the ban on its use in food-producing animals in several countries. | 2006 | 16454626 |
| bedding and within-pen location effects on feedlot pen runoff quality using a rainfall simulator. | soluble salts, nutrients, and pathogenic bacteria in feedlot-pen runoff have the potential to cause pollution of the environment. a 2-yr study (1998-1999) was conducted at a beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlot in southern alberta, canada, to determine the effect of bedding material [barley (hordeum vulgare l.) straw versus wood chips] and within-pen location on the chemical and bacterial properties of pen-floor runoff. runoff was generated with a portable rainfall simulator and analyzed for chemica ... | 2006 | 16455851 |
| assessing the efficacy of within-animal control strategies against e. coli o157: a simulation study. | a stochastic simulation model was used to assess the efficacy of potential measures to control the levels of escherichia coli o157 within the bovine host. the model described e. coli o157 population sizes at several sites along the bovine gut and therefore only interventions that operate at an individual animal level could be evaluated. in order to use the model to evaluate the control strategies, it was necessary to make assumptions about how each strategy affected e. coli o157 populations in v ... | 2006 | 16464511 |
| cesarean section and ovariohysterectomy after severe uterine torsion in four cows. | to report a technique for intra-partum ovariohysterectomy (ovh) in cows after severe uterine compromise after uterine torsion. | 2006 | 16472302 |
| characterization of cytokine expression in milk somatic cells during intramammary infections with escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus by real-time pcr. | the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (il)-6, il-8, il-12, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (gm-csf), tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, and interferon (ifn)-gamma, by milk somatic cells was characterized by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in dairy cows experimentally challenged with either e. coli (n = 8) or s. aureus (n = 8). the mrna abundance of a target gene was calibrated with that of a reference gene (beta-actin) and expressed as fold of ... | 2006 | 16472521 |
| fluorescently labeled collagen binding proteins allow specific visualization of collagen in tissues and live cell culture. | visualization of the formation and orientation of collagen fibers in tissue engineering experiments is crucial for understanding the factors that determine the mechanical properties of tissues. in this study, collagen-specific fluorescent probes were developed using a new approach that takes advantage of the inherent specificity of collagen binding protein domains present in bacterial adhesion proteins (cna35) and integrins (gst-alpha1i). both collagen binding domains were obtained as fusion pro ... | 2006 | 16476406 |
| biochemical characterization of human enteropeptidase light chain. | the synthetic gene encoding human enteropeptidase light chain (l-hep) was cloned into plasmid pet-32a downstream from the gene of fusion partner thioredoxin immediately after the dna sequence encoding the enteropeptidase recognition site. the fusion protein thioredoxin (trx)/l-hep was expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). autocatalytic cleavage of the fusion protein and activation of recombinant l-hep were achieved by solubilization of inclusion bodies and refolding of trx/l-hep fusion protei ... | 2006 | 16489914 |
| biosynthetic 13c labeling of aromatic side chains in proteins for nmr relaxation measurements. | site-specific 13c labeling offers a desirable means of eliminating unwanted relaxation pathways and coherent magnetization transfer in nmr relaxation experiments. here we use [1-13c]-glucose as the sole carbon source in the growth media for protein overexpression in escherichia coli. the approach results in specific incorporation of 13c at isolated positions in the side chains of aromatic amino acids, which greatly simplifies the measurements and interpretation of 13c relaxation rates in these s ... | 2006 | 16492013 |
| prevalence and characterization of escherichia coli o157 isolates from minnesota dairy farms and county fairs. | samples were collected from 26 organic and conventional farms and 12 county fairs in minnesota during 2001 and 2002 to identify the presence of escherichia coli o157. immunomagnetic separation was used for isolation of e. coli o157. isolates were further characterized by the presence of virulence marker genes (stx1, stx2, eaea, e-hly, katp, etpd, and espp), antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and genotypes. during 2001, e. coli o157 was isolated from 16 (5.2%) of 305 fecal samples and from 7 ... | 2006 | 16496562 |
| comparison of e. coli o157 and shiga toxin-encoding genes (stx) prevalence between ohio, usa and norwegian dairy cattle. | environmental and food contamination with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) pose a threat to public health worldwide, with notable geographic differences in incidence of human disease caused by these organisms. the prevalence of e. coli o157 and total stx-positive specimens collected from mature dairy cattle in ohio and norwegian dairy farms was compared using identical laboratory methods in a cross-sectional survey. e. coli o157 was isolated from 5/750 (0.66%) of ohio dairy cows fro ... | 2006 | 16504323 |
| phosphorus and sediment loss in a catchment with winter forage grazing of cropland by dairy cattle. | the loss of phosphorus and sediment to surface waters can impair their quality. it was hypothesized that the practice of winter grazing dairy cattle on cropland of moderate slope (5-20%) would exacerbate the loss of p and suspended sediment (ss) from land to water. in a small (4.3 ha) catchment two flumes were installed, upstream and downstream of one field (about 2 ha) that had been cropped for 2 yr and grazed in winter (june-july) by dairy cattle. flow proportional samples were taken and measu ... | 2006 | 16510702 |
| differential detection of turkey coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and bovine coronavirus by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for differential detection of turkey coronavirus (tcov), infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv), and bovine coronavirus (bcov). primers were designed from conserved or variable regions of nucleocapsid (n) or spike (s) protein gene among tcov, ibv, and bcov and used in the same pcr reaction. reverse transcription followed by the pcr reaction was used to amplify a portion of n or s gene of the cor ... | 2006 | 16137773 |
| effect of addition of organic waste on reduction of escherichia coli during cattle feces composting under high-moisture condition. | to ensure escherichia coli reduction during cattle feces composting, co-composting with a variety of organic wastes was examined. a mixture of dairy cattle feces and shredded rice straw (control) was blended with organic wastes (tofu residue, rice bran, rapeseed meal, dried chicken feces, raw chicken feces, or garbage), and composted using a bench-scale composter under the high-moisture condition (78%). the addition of organic waste except chicken feces brought about maximum temperatures of more ... | 2006 | 16182524 |
| inhibitory effects of microencapsulated allyl isothiocyanate (ait) against escherichia coli o157:h7 in refrigerated, nitrogen packed, finely chopped beef. | allyl isothiocyanate (ait) is an effective inhibitor of various pathogens, but its use in the food industry is limited by its volatility and pungency. the objective of this study was to overcome the volatility of ait by microencapsulation and evaluate its antimicrobial effectiveness against escherichia coli o157:h7 in chopped beef. chopped beef was aseptically prepared and inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of e. coli o157:h7 to yield 4 or 8 log10 cfu/g. ait was microencapsulated in gum acac ... | 2006 | 16266766 |
| expression and function of toll-like receptor 4 in the endometrial cells of the uterus. | prostaglandins have a central role in many endocrine functions in mammals, including regulation of the life span of the corpus luteum by prostaglandin f(2alpha) (pgf) and prostaglandin e2 (pge), which are secreted by the uterine endometrium. however, the uterus is readily infected with bacteria such as escherichia coli, which disrupt luteolysis. immune cells detect e. coli by toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) binding its pathogenic ligand, lipopolysaccharide (lps), although signaling requires accessor ... | 2006 | 16223858 |
| the effect of an experimentally induced acute mastitis on the test results of an ostertagia ostertagi milk elisa. | antibody levels against ostertagia ostertagi in the milk are a promising parameter to identify dairy cows or herds with production losses due to gastrointestinal nematodes. however, milk antibody levels can be influenced by udder-related factors. in this study, the effect of an experimentally induced mastitis on the test results (odr) of a milk o. ostertagi elisa was investigated. twenty-five cows that were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, were inoculated in their left udder q ... | 2006 | 16300898 |
| a herd level analysis of urinary tract infection in dairy cattle. | cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis in cattle most commonly result from ascending urinary tract infection with corynebacterium renale, corynebacterium cystidis, corynebacterium pilosum or escherichia coli. we describe the clinical, bacteriological, clinical-pathological and epidemiological findings in a dairy cattle herd with urinary tract infection (uti). blood and urine samples from 17 calves and 19 cows were submitted to laboratory examinations. depression, muscle wasting, weakness and fr ... | 2006 | 16310382 |
| mass screening for antimicrobial resistant escherichia coli in dairy cows in northern new south wales. | to describe aspects of the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli shed in the faeces of milking cows in a dairying region of new south wales. | 2005 | 16315669 |
| association of virulence genotype with phylogenetic background in comparison to different seropathotypes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates. | the distribution of virulent factors (vfs) in 287 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains that were classified according to karmali et al. into five seropathotypes (m. a. karmali, m. mascarenhas, s. shen, k. ziebell, s. johnson, r. reid-smith, j. isaac-renton, c. clark, k. rahn, and j. b. kaper, j. clin. microbiol. 41:4930-4940, 2003) was investigated. the associations of vfs with phylogenetic background were assessed among the strains in comparison with the different seropathotype ... | 2005 | 16333104 |
| numbers of fecal streptococci and escherichia coli in fresh and dry cattle, horse, and sheep manure. | livestock are known contributors to stream pollution. numbers of fecal streptococci and escherichia coli in manure naturally deposited by livestock in the field are needed for activities related to bacterial source tracking and determining maximum daily bacterial loading of streams. we measured populations of fecal streptococci and e. coli in fresh and dry manure from cattle (bos taurus l.), horses (equus caballus l.), and sheep (ovis aires l.) on farms in southern idaho. populations of indicato ... | 2005 | 16333344 |
| therapeutic use of phage cocktail for controlling escherichia coli o157:h7 in gastrointestinal tract of mice. | to investigate the therapeutical use of phage mixture for controlling gastrointestinal escherichia coli o157:h7 cells, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. three phages, sp15, sp21, and sp22 were selected from 26 phage stock screened from feces of stock animals and sewage influent. addition of single or binary phage to the e. coli cell batch-culture reduced the turbidity of the culture. however, reascend of the turbidity due to the appearance of phage resistance cell was observed. on ... | 2005 | 16243277 |
| use of immunomagnetic separation technique and polymerase chain reaction for detection of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli in cattle at slaughter. | 2005 | 16244985 | |
| experimental comparison of excision and swabbing microbiological sampling methods for carcasses. | bovine sides, ovine carcasses, and porcine carcasses were individually inoculated by dipping in various suspensions of a marker organism (escherichia coli k-12 or pseudomonas fluorescens), alone or in combination with two meat-derived bacterial strains, and were sampled by two standard methods: cotton wet-dry swabbing and excision. the samples were examined for bacterial counts on plate count agar (pca plate counts) and on violet red brilliant green agar (vrbga plate counts) by standard internat ... | 2005 | 16245724 |
| potential for recombinant babesia bovis antigens to protect against a highly virulent isolate. | two antigens from babesia bovis,12d3 and 11c5, were expressed and purified as recombinant proteins in escherichia coli and used to vaccinate groups of six babesia-susceptible cattle. these were subsequently challenged with a highly virulent strain of b. bovis. all cattle showed symptoms of disease and most required treatment. cattle vaccination groups receiving either 12d3 or 11c5 or a combination of both, reduced parasitaemia by approximately fourfold and a number of individual animals appeared ... | 2005 | 16255742 |
| enzymatic redesigning of biologically active heparan sulfate. | heparan sulfate carries a wide range of biological activities, regulating blood coagulation, cell differentiation, and inflammatory responses. the sulfation patterns of the polysaccharide are essential for the biological activities. in this study, we report an enzymatic method for the sulfation of multimilligram amounts of heparan sulfate with specific functions using immobilized sulfotransferases combined with a 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate regeneration system. by selecting appropriate ... | 2005 | 16260789 |
| cloning, biochemical properties, and distribution of mycobacterial haloalkane dehalogenases. | haloalkane dehalogenases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond by a hydrolytic mechanism. genomes of mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. bovis contain at least two open reading frames coding for the polypeptides showing a high sequence similarity with biochemically characterized haloalkane dehalogenases. we describe here the cloning of the haloalkane dehalogenase genes dmba and dmbb from m. bovis 5033/66 and demonstrate the dehalogenase activity of their translation pro ... | 2005 | 16269704 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of mammalian mitochondrial translation. | all medically useful antibiotics should have the potential to distinguish between target microbes (bacteria) and host cells. although many antibiotics that target bacterial protein synthesis show little effect on the translation machinery of the eukaryotic cytoplasm, it is unclear whether these antibiotics target or not the mitochondrial translation machinery. we employed an in vitro translation system from bovine mitochondria, which consists of mitochondrial ribosomes and mitochondrial elongati ... | 2005 | 16271719 |
| spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cases of escherichia coli o157 in scotland, 1996-1999. | in scotland, between 1995 and 2000 there were between 4 and 10 cases of illness per 100000 population per year identified as being caused by escherichia coli o157, whereas in england and wales there were between 1 and 2 cases per 100000 population per year. within scotland there is significant regional variation. a cluster of high rate areas was identified in the northeast of scotland and a cluster of low rate areas in central-west scotland. temporal trends follow a seasonal pattern whilst spati ... | 2005 | 16274499 |