Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| cumulative physiological events influence the inflammatory response of the bovine udder to escherichia coli infections during the transition period. | a high proportion of intramammary coliform infections present at parturition develop disease characterized by severe inflammatory signs and sepsis during the first 60 to 70 d of lactation. in the lactating bovine mammary gland, the innate immune system plays a critical role in determining the outcome of these infections. since the beginning of the 1990s, research has increased significantly on bovine mammary innate defense mechanisms in connection with the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis. neut ... | 2007 | 17517751 |
| genotyping of escherichia coli from environmental and animal samples. | the triplex pcr of clermont et al. [clermont, o., bonacorsi, s., bingen, e., 2000. rapid and simple determination of the escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. appl. environ. microbiol. 66, 4555-4558.] was used to genotype e. coli isolates from the mid-atlantic region of the usa, obtained from freshwater, animal internal organs, and feces. of 445 isolates subjected to genotyping, 118 isolates (26%) were genotype a, 111 (25%) genotype d, 140 (31%) genotype b1, and 76 (17%) genotype b2. all four ge ... | 2007 | 17521755 |
| differential cytokine and chemokine responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. | we studied the inflammatory and immune responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmec) infected by mastitis isolates of staphylococcus aureus. primary cultures of bmec were co-incubated separately with three strains of s. aureus and one strain of escherichia coli. transcriptional levels and/or protein release of interleukin-8 (il-8), growth related oncogene alpha (gro-alpha), growth related oncogene beta (gro-beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), trans ... | 2007 | 17532224 |
| simple methods for measurement of bovine mucosal antibody responses in vivo. | the mucosal immune response serves as the first line of defence against many bacterial and viral diseases. therefore, measurement of mucosal immune responses is important in evaluating mucosal immunisation protocols and understanding initial host/pathogen interactions. in this study we compare two methods for repeated sampling of bovine rectal mucosal secretions, namely rectal swabbing and rectal biopsies, and evaluate a simple swabbing method for sampling bovine nasal secretions. both rectal sw ... | 2007 | 17544516 |
| clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological study of toxic puerperal metritis in iraqi buffalo. | data were collected from 42 buffalo with toxic puerperal metritis in 2 large herds, with a history of dystocia, prolapse, and retained placenta. all buffalo were subjected to detailed clinical examination including external inspection, vaginoscopy, and transrectal palpation of the cervix, uterus, and ovaries. swabs for bacteriology and biopsies for histopathology were collected from the uterine lumen from each cow. character, odor, and estimation of polymorphonuclear cells of the vaginal mucus w ... | 2007 | 17881686 |
| development and validation of a most-probable-numberimmunomagnetic separation methodology of enumerating escherichia coli o157 in cattle feces. | a method to validate enumeration of escherichia coli o157 in fecal samples from feedlot cattle was developed in these studies. due to background flora, bovine fecal sample enumeration cannot be performed by simple direct plating techniques. known quantities of e. coli o157:h7 were inoculated into feces, and populations were determined by direct plating of the cocktail (studies 1, 2, and 3) and manure and cocktail (studies 4 and 5) mixtures and compared with a most-probable-number (mpn)-immunomag ... | 2007 | 17536662 |
| effects of a minimal hide wash cabinet on the levels and prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on the hides of beef cattle at slaughter. | harborage of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on animal hides at slaughter is the main source of beef carcass contamination during processing. given this finding, interventions have been designed and implemented to target the hides of cattle following entry into beef processing plants. previous interventions targeting hides have not been suitable for all beef processing plants because of cost and space restrictions. in this study, a hide wash cabinet was evaluated to determine whether it ... | 2007 | 17536663 |
| avian- and mammalian-derived antibodies against adherence-associated proteins inhibit host cell colonization by escherichia coli o157:h7. | to evaluate the potential for polyclonal antibodies targeting enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) virulence determinants to prevent colonization of host cells by e. coli o157:h7. | 2007 | 17897225 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 and o157:h7- from different origins. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) serotypes including o157:h7 (n = 129) from dairy cows, cull dairy cow feces, cider, salami, human feces, ground beef, bulk tank milk, bovine feces, and lettuce; and o157:h7- (n = 24) isolated from bovine dairy and bovine feedlot cows were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance against 26 antimicrobials and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (teta, tetb, tetc, tetd, tete, tetg, flor, cmla, stra, strb, suli, sulii, and ampc). all e. coli ex ... | 2007 | 17536933 |
| microbial source tracking in a rural watershed dominated by cattle. | antibiotic resistance analysis (ara), frequency of sampling, and seasonality were evaluated in a rural virginia watershed dominated by cattle. the selected watershed (mill creek) was 3767 ha in size, included two small communities (one sewered and one unsewered), and several farms that when combined contained over 3800 beef and dairy cattle. monthly monitoring of fecal coliforms at two sampling sites in mill creek from january to december, 2001, revealed that the recreational standard (1000 colo ... | 2007 | 17582454 |
| a novel fusion protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has been widely explored over the years. three mycobacterium bovis-specific antigen genes, namely, mpb70, mpb83, and esat-6 were recombined in tandem by spliced overlap extension technology and expressed in escherichia coli to obtain the fusion protein (rm70-83-e6). western blot analysis showed that rm70-83-e6 can specifically react with bovine tuberculosis-positive sera but not those from cattle infected with other b ... | 2007 | 17023217 |
| antiviral activity of cho-ss cell-derived human omega interferon and other human interferons against hcv rna replicons and related viruses. | the fully glycosylated human omega interferon produced from cho-ss cells (glycosylated ifn-omega) has been shown to be well-tolerated in man and to induce a sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). we examined the antiviral activity of glycosylated ifn-omega and various human ifns (ifn-alpha, -beta, -gamma and non-glycosylated bacterial (escherichia coli) recombinant ifn-omega (non-glycosylated ifn-omega)) against hcv rna replicons and several viruses relat ... | 2007 | 16987555 |
| virulence markers and genetic relationships of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains from serogroup o111 isolated from cattle. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from healthy cattle (o111:nm, seven strains; o111:h8, three strains) in brazil were studied and compared to previously characterized human strains in regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to evaluate their pathogenic potential. most bovine stec o111 strains were isolated from dairy calves, and strains with genotypes stx1 alone and stx1/stx2 (variant stx2) occurred in different regions. irrespective of the stx genot ... | 2007 | 17049189 |
| identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 genomic regions conserved in strains with a genotype associated with human infection. | beta-glucuronidase-negative, sorbitol-nonfermenting isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 comprise part of a clone complex of related enterohemorrhagic e. coli isolates. high-resolution genotyping shows that the o157 populations have diverged into two different lineages that appear to have different ecologies. to identify genomic regions unique to the most common human-associated genotype, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify dna sequences present in two c ... | 2007 | 17056689 |
| a simulation model to assess herd-level intervention strategies against e. coli o157. | a simulation model of a herd of grazing cattle, which has been developed to provide insight into the infection dynamics of e. coli o157 is described. the spatially explicit model enables the modelling of the infection transmission processes to be realistically addressed under field management conditions. the model is used to explore the efficacy of various potential control strategies in reducing the levels of within-herd infection. these measures include restricting the size of herds, niche eng ... | 2007 | 17109767 |
| rectoanal junction colonization of feedlot cattle by escherichia coli o157:h7 and its association with supershedders and excretion dynamics. | feedlot cattle were observed for fecal excretion of and rectoanal junction (raj) colonization with escherichia coli o157:h7 to identify potential "supershedders." raj colonization and fecal excretion prevalences were correlated, and e. coli o157:h7 prevalences and counts were significantly greater for raj samples. based on a comparison of raj and fecal ratios of e. coli o157:h7/e. coli counts, the raj appears to be preferentially colonized by the o157:h7 serotype. five supershedders were identif ... | 2007 | 17220263 |
| the hinge region between two ubiquitin-like domains destabilizes recombinant isg15 in solution. | interferon-stimulated gene (isg) 15 mediates antiviral responses and also is upregulated within the endometrium in response to the developing embryo during early pregnancy. structurally, isg15 resembles two ubiquitin domains (30% identical) that are separated by a hinge region. recombinant (r) bovisg15 is not stable in solution. it was hypothesized that the hinge region contributed to the instability of rbovisg15. within 24 h of dialysis, rbovisg15 formed complexes as detected by reducing and de ... | 2007 | 17223698 |
| rapid enrichment strategy for isolation of listeria from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples. | since the outbreak of foodborne illness linked to escherichia coli o157:h7 bacteria in ground beef in the early 1980s, the beef processing industry has focused on increasing the safety of beef products by implementing procedures for surveying live cattle, carcasses, and beef products for bacterial pathogens. effective methods are in place for screening cattle and beef products for the presence of e. coli o157:h7 contamination, and recent work has established the acceptability of these methods fo ... | 2007 | 17265860 |
| management of risk of microbial cross-contamination from uncooked frozen hamburgers by alcohol-based hand sanitizer. | this research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands contaminated with a nonpathogen surrogate for escherichia coli o157:h7, where the source of the contamination was frozen hamburger patties. a nonpathogenic nalidixic acid-resistant food-grade strain of enterobacter aerogenes was used to inoculate frozen hamburger patties composed of 76% lean beef and 24% fat. thirty-two individuals participated to produce the data used in this study. each part ... | 2007 | 17265868 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 infection associated with drinking raw milk--washington and oregon, november-december 2005. | during the week of december 5, 2005, public health officials in clark county, washington, were notified of four county residents with laboratory-confirmed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. all four residents reported having consumed raw (i.e., unpasteurized) milk obtained from a farm in neighboring cowlitz county, washington. the farm participated in a cow-share program, in which persons purchase interests in, or shares of, dairy cows in return for a portion of the milk produced. the farm had ... | 2007 | 17332727 |
| cloning, sequencing, expression, and antigenic characterization of rmsp4 from anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasmosis is a bovine intraerythrocytic disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale; it causes significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. the msp4 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paran , brazil, was amplified by pcr and sequenced; its cloning into the pet102/d-topo vector produced an msp4-6xhis-v5-hp thioredoxin fusion gene construct. this recombinant clone was over-expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de-3); the expressed fusion protein was f ... | 2007 | 17278086 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of the superantigen streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin g from streptococcus dysgalactiae. | we identified seven novel variants of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin g (spegg), a superantigen, in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae or equisimilis isolates from clinical cases of infection in humans and animals. phylogenetic analysis of the spegg variants indicated two clades in the dendrogram: one composed of variants derived from the bacteria isolated from the humans and the other composed of variants from the bacteria isolated from the animals. bovine peripheral blood mononucl ... | 2007 | 17283088 |
| nonlabeled quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for bacterial detection using carbohydrate and lectin recognitions. | high percentages of harmful microbes or their secreting toxins bind to specific carbohydrate sequences on human cells at the recognition and attachment sites. a number of studies also show that lectins react with specific structures of bacteria and fungi. in this report, we take advantage of the fact that a high percentage of microorganisms have both carbohydrate and lectin binding pockets at their surface. we demonstrate here for the first time that a carbohydrate nonlabeled mass sensor in comb ... | 2007 | 17295446 |
| shotgun analysis of phospholipids from mouse liver and brain by nanoflow liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | it was demonstrated that a shotgun approach can be utilized for the characterization of phospholipids (pls) extracted from mouse liver and brain by using nanoflow reversed phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms-ms). in this study, a dual scan method was introduced for the high throughput analysis of complex pl mixtures. two consecutive lc-esi-ms-ms runs were made in positive ion mode (for phosphatidylcholines (pcs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (p ... | 2007 | 17296335 |
| recombinant eggshell ovocalyxin-32: expression, purification and biological activity of the glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. | the avian eggshell is a highly ordered biomineral composed mainly of calcium carbonate associated with an organic matrix composed of proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. this structure provides the developing embryo with protection from physical damage and microbial invasion. ovocalyxin-32 (ocx-32) is a 32 kda eggshell-specific matrix protein which has been cloned and demonstrates 30% identity with the mammalian carboxypeptidase inhibitor, latexin. in order to further study its function, r ... | 2007 | 17344082 |
| expression pattern of prokineticin 1 and its receptors in bovine ovaries during the estrous cycle: involvement in corpus luteum regression and follicular atresia. | prokineticin 1 (prok1), also termed endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (endocrine gland-derived vegf), is a newly identified protein assigned with diverse biologic functions. it binds two homologous g protein-coupled receptors, prokr1 and prokr2. to better understand the roles of prok1 and its receptors in ovarian function, their expression was determined in follicles and corpora lutea (cls) at different developmental stages. prok1 mrna levels were low at early luteal sta ... | 2007 | 17229935 |
| exploring passive transfer in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | poor calf production and ill thrift in 3-4 mo olds are common limiting problems in raising and maintaining captive muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). acute onset of a rapidly progressing enteritis and septicemia in neonatal calves (2-7 days of age) caused by escherichia coli not normally considered pathogenic in domestic animals is a serious problem in many captive muskoxen facilities. serum immunoglobulin g (igg) levels, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in captive periparturient muskox fem ... | 2007 | 17469276 |
| transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 to cattle by house flies. | the main reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7 is the digestive tract of cattle; however, the ecology of this food-borne pathogen is poorly understood. house flies (musca domestica l.) might play a role in dissemination of this pathogen in the cattle environment. in our study, eight calves were individually exposed to house flies that were orally inoculated with a mixture of four strains of nalidixic acid-resistant e. coli o157:h7 (nal(r)eco157) for 48h. another eight calves were individually ex ... | 2007 | 17306389 |
| occurrence and characterization of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) strains from dairy farms in trinidad. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) on 25 dairy farms each located in waller field and carlsen field farming areas in trinidad. on each selected farm, faecal samples were collected from milking cows, calves and humans; rectal swabs were obtained from pet farm dogs; bulk milk was sampled as well as effluent from the milking parlour. escherichia coli was isolated from all sources on selective media using ... | 2007 | 17348911 |
| survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in england and wales. | a survey of clinical and subclinical mastitis was carried out on 97 dairy farms in england and wales, selected at random from members of a national milk recording scheme. the farmers were asked to collect aseptic milk samples from five consecutive cases of clinical mastitis and from five quarters with high somatic cell counts using a defined protocol, and they completed a questionnaire that included information on the cows sampled, the herd and the history of mastitis in the herd. the samples we ... | 2007 | 17322356 |
| antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from dairy cattle. | a study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) t ... | 2007 | 17098918 |
| dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to probe protein efflux through the mechanosensitive channel mscl. | the mechanosensitive channel protein of large conductance, mscl, from escherichia coli has been implicated in protein efflux, but the passage of proteins through the channel has never been demonstrated. we used dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to evaluate the efflux of fluorescent labeled compounds through mscl. the method correlates the fluctuations in intensity of fluorescent labeled membranes and encapsulated (macro)molecules (labeled with second fluorophore) for each liposome diffusing ... | 2007 | 17142294 |
| biochemical characterization of 1-cys peroxiredoxin from antrodia camphorata. | antrodia camphorata is a unique medicinal mushroom found only in taiwan. it has been used as a remedy for various diseases in folk medicine. antrodia camphorata has been shown to exhibit antioxidative effects. peroxiredoxins play important roles in antioxidation and cell signaling. a gene encoding an antioxidant enzyme, 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin (1-cys prx), was identified in an expressed sequence tag database of the a. camphorata and cloned by polymerase chain reaction. the 1-cys prx cdna (837 b ... | 2007 | 17103164 |
| functional and structural aspects of poplar cytosolic and plastidial type a methionine sulfoxide reductases. | the genome of populus trichocarpa contains five methionine sulfoxide reductase a genes. here, both cytosolic (cmsra) and plastidial (pmsra) poplar msras were analyzed. the two recombinant enzymes are active in the reduction of methionine sulfoxide with either dithiothreitol or poplar thioredoxin as a reductant. in both enzymes, five cysteines, at positions 46, 81, 100, 196, and 202, are conserved. biochemical and enzymatic analyses of the cysteine-mutated msras support a catalytic mechanism invo ... | 2007 | 17135266 |
| phage types, virulence genes and pfge profiles of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from raw beef, soft cheese and vegetables in lima (peru). | the present study was conducted in lima metropolitana to evaluate the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 in raw beef, raw ground beef, soft cheese and fresh vegetables, sampled at different markets in the city. between october 2000 and february 2001, 407 food samples were collected from different markets in the 42 districts of lima metropolitana. samples were assayed for e. coli o157 by selective enrichment in modified tryptic soy broth containing novobiocin, fol ... | 2007 | 17187886 |
| greater diversity of shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans. | escherichia coli o157:h7, a zoonotic human pathogen for which domestic cattle are a reservoir host, produces a shiga toxin(s) (stx) encoded by bacteriophages. chromosomal insertion sites of these bacteriophages define three principal genotypes (clusters 1 to 3) among clinical isolates of e. coli o157:h7. stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site genotypes of 282 clinical and 80 bovine isolates were evaluated. a total of 268 (95.0%) of the clinical isolates, but only 41 (51.3%) of the bovine isol ... | 2007 | 17142358 |
| phenotypic characterization of escherichia coli through whole-cell fatty acid profiling to investigate host specificity. | the objective of the study was to investigate whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of 605 escherichia coli isolates to determine their host specificity. the isolates were cultured from six possible sources of fecal pollution; 180 isolates from sewage, 85 from dairy cow, 98 from chicken, 76 from swine, 94 from deer, and 72 from waterfowl, mostly geese and ducks. the fame profiles were presented as the relative masses of 12 fames identified in the isolates and it was found that none ... | 2007 | 17234236 |
| carriage of four bacterial pathogens by beef cattle in northern ireland at time of slaughter. | to determine the prevalence of four bacterial zoonotic pathogens in beef cattle at time of slaughter in northern ireland (ni), in order to assess their potential for reducing beef safety. | 2007 | 17257247 |
| identification, expression, and functional analyses of a thylakoid atp/adp carrier from arabidopsis. | in plants the chloroplast thylakoid membrane is the site of light-dependent photosynthetic reactions coupled to atp synthesis. the ability of the plant cell to build and alter this membrane system is essential for efficient photosynthesis. a nucleotide translocator homologous to the bovine mitochondrial adp/atp carrier (aac) was previously found in spinach thylakoids. here we have identified and characterized a thylakoid atp/adp carrier (taac) from arabidopsis.(i) sequence homology with the bovi ... | 2007 | 17261580 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of the suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (saha) beta-glucuronide and beta-galactoside for application in selective prodrug chemotherapy. | the beta-o-glucuronide and beta-o-galactoside of saha have been prepared and evaluated as prodrugs for selective cancer chemotherapy (adept, pmt). these new compounds are stable under physiological conditions and do not exhibit any antiproliferative activity compared to the parent drug after a 48-h treatment of h661 cells. the glucuronide derivative did not lead to the release of the drug in the presence of either escherichia coli or bovine liver beta-glucuronidase. on the other hand, under enzy ... | 2007 | 17157009 |
| relationships between the density of different indicator organisms on sheep and beef carcasses and in frozen beef and sheep meat. | to describe the relationship between the concentration of different indicator bacteria in red meat. | 2007 | 17184320 |
| occurrence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in diverse farm environments. | in the united states, foodborne outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 illness have often been linked to the consumption of contaminated, undercooked ground beef. however, the occurrence of e. coli o157:h7 has also been reported in other farm animals. the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of e. coli o157:h7 on diverse farm types and from a variety of farm samples. rectal swabs (n=1686) and environmental samples (n=576) were collected from 16 farms in five states over 24 month ... | 2007 | 17265852 |
| pyrrolysine is not hardwired for cotranslational insertion at uag codons. | pyrrolysine (pyl), the 22nd naturally encoded amino acid, gets acylated to its distinctive uag suppressor trna(pyl) by the cognate pyrrolysyl-trna synthetase (pylrs). here we determine the rna elements required for recognition and aminoacylation of trna(pyl) in vivo by using the pyl analog n-epsilon-cyclopentyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine. forty-two methanosarcina barkeri trna(pyl) variants were tested in escherichia coli for suppression of the lac amber a24 mutation; then relevant trna(pyl) mutants wer ... | 2007 | 17360621 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of manure from dairy cattle. | inactivation of the pathogenic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 and a non-pathogenic e. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle manure was evaluated with batch tests at 50 and 55 degrees c in biosolids from a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating the manure. using differential-selective plating on sorbitol-macconkey (smac) agar to quantify e. coli, the decline in concentrations of both the sorbitol-negative (putative e. coli o157:h7) and sorbitol-positive (putative non-pathogenic e. coli) org ... | 2007 | 17353028 |
| antimicrobial resistance observed in escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle and pigs in korea during 2003-2004. | a total of 744 escherichia coli strains isolated from 830 fecal samples of healthy cattle and pigs in all provinces of korea were examined for resistance to 16 antimicrobials. the most frequently observed resistance in cattle isolates was to tetracycline (30.5%), followed by resistance to streptomycin (20.4%), ampicillin (12.0%) and chlorampenicol (6.9%). prevalences of resistance to the same four antimicrobials in swine isolates were 96.3%, 66.8%, 66.1%, and 47.6%, respectively. the prevalence ... | 2007 | 17363100 |
| effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 and in vivo growth of generic escherichia coli excreted from steers. | the effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of escherichia coli o157:h7 or generic fecal e. coli was evaluated. in experiment 1, the mean growth rate of e. coli o157:h7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37 degrees c, was reduced (p < 0.05) with as little as 400 microg of either tannin extract per ml of culture fluid. the addi ... | 2007 | 17388040 |
| virulence markers and serotypes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, isolated from cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil. | to determine the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and serotypes and virulence markers of the stec isolates from beef and dairy cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil. | 2007 | 17397481 |
| phenotypic and genotypic traits of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from beef cattle from paraná state, southern brazil. | to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in cattle from paraná state, southern brazil. | 2007 | 17576221 |
| a retrospective study of the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the dar es salaam region of tanzania. | a 31-year record-based retrospective study was carried out to determine the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the dar es salaam region of tanzania over the period november 1971-december 2002. laboratory information on 1964 quarter samples from 1365 cows in 281 smallholder dairy herds were retrieved, compiled and studied. eighty-eight percent of the quarter samples were culture-positive and the predominant mastitis pathogens isolated wer ... | 2007 | 16516507 |
| wildlife identified as major source of escherichia coli in agriculturally dominated watersheds by box a1r-derived genetic fingerprints. | the presence of escherichia coli in recreational and potable waters is a major concern to the general public as elevated levels of e. coli suggest the presence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. unfortunately, traditional microbial techniques do not allow specific identification of the source of e. coli. this reduces the ability to target management practices that reduce bacterial contamination. in the finger lakes region of western new york, usa, wildlife resides in relatively high densities o ... | 2007 | 16551490 |
| adrenomedullin (am) and adrenomedullin binding protein (am-bp) in the bovine mammary gland and milk: effects of stage of lactation and experimental intramammary e. coli infection. | adrenomedullin (am) has been characterized as an endogenous tissue survival factor and modulator of many inflammatory processes. because of the increased susceptibility of the mammary gland to infection during the time surrounding parturition in the cow, we investigated how milk and tissue content of am and its binding protein (am-bp) might be affected by the stage of lactation and the udder health status. milk and mammary biopsy samples were obtained from holstein cows 21 days prior to and at v ... | 2007 | 16569490 |
| the cytokine response of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells is changed after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide in cattle. | the aim of the study was to investigate lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced short and long term changes in capacity for intracellular cytokine-production of bovine circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). eight dairy cows each received three intravenous injections of escherichia coli lps (10, 100 and 1000ng/kg, consecutively) at 3week intervals. intracellular cytokine production was determined by flow cytometry in pbmcs obtained 0, 2, 6 and 24h after each lps challenge. after lps adm ... | 2007 | 16914332 |
| using predictive microbiology to evaluate risk and reduce economic losses associated with raw meats and poultry exposed to temperature abuse. | the department of defense suffers economic losses when temperature-abused raw meat and poultry are condemned. current us army guidance regarding time/temperature limits associated with these foods (risk-3 category) is ultraconservative, especially at lower temperatures. we have developed a more accurate, yet conservative or "fail-safe" computer-based tool for predicting pathogen growth in raw meat and poultry. in 20 trials of this tool, growth (> 0.3 log colony-forming unit increase) or no growt ... | 2007 | 20091984 |
| diagnosis of tularemia using piezoelectric biosensor technology. | a piezoelectric immunosensor for indirect diagnosis of tularemic infection in mouse serum was developed. francisella tularensis lvs antigen was covalently immobilized on the sensing surface using cystamine and glutaraldehyde for activation and modification of the gold electrode. the normal mouse serum (nms) and serum prepared from mice immunized by escherichia coli were used as negative controls providing signal of 28hz during a 5min interaction. the tularemic infectious (immunized) mouse serum ... | 2007 | 19071403 |
| [calix[4]arene methylenebisphosphonic acids: the features of alkaline phosphatases inhibition]. | the inhibition of alkaline phosphatases by calix[4]arenes functionalysed at the macrocyclic upper rim by one or two methylenebisphosphonic acid fragments has been investigated. it is established, that calix[4]arene bismethylenebisphosphonic acid displayed stronger inhibition of alkaline phosphatase from bovine intestine mucosa than calix[4]arene methylenebisphosphonic acid. at the same time, the both inhibitors showed almost similar levels of inhibitory activities in respect of bovine kidney alk ... | 2007 | 18712108 |
| [infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral gg expression and gg-elisa development]. | taking the genome dna of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) as the template, the gg gene was amplified with pcr and cloned into the t cloning vector pmd18-t. after being identified by restriction digestion and dna sequencing, the insert was subcloned into the expression vector pgex-kg. sodium docecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blot assay showed that this gene was expressed as both soluble form and inclusion body by the transformed e. coli bl21 s ... | 2007 | 18051856 |
| isolation of e. coli o157:h7 from milk and cattle faeces from urban dairy farming and non dairy farming neighbour households in dagoretti division, nairobi, kenya: prevalence and risk factors. | to estimate the prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in milk and cattle faecal samples dairy and non dairy neighbouring households and to relate this prevalence to the risk to human health. | 2007 | 18338724 |
| cdna cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein p1 gene (rplp1) from the giant panda. | rplp1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by rplp1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. the cdna of rplp1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in e.coli. the cdna fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. alignment analysis indicated that th ... | 2007 | 18071584 |
| surveillance of dairy production holdings supplying raw milk to the farmhouse cheese sector for escherichia coli o157, o26 and o111. | clinically healthy domestic animals can harbour escherichia coli o157 and other verocytotoxigenic e. coli (vtec) strains in their faeces. milk filters can be used to microbiologically monitor direct milk secretion and environmental contamination for these pathogens. the aim of this study was to establish baseline data on the prevalence and characteristics of vtec organisms in lactating animals (bovine, ovine and caprine) supplying milk to the farmhouse cheese sector, with particular emphasis on ... | 2007 | 18035974 |
| evidence of tandem repeat and extra thiol-groups resulted in the polymeric formation of bovine haptoglobin: a unique structure of hp 2-2 phenotype. | human plasma hp is classified as 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2. they are inherited from two alleles hp 1 and hp 2, but there is only hp 1 in almost all the animal species. hp 2-2 molecule is extremely large and heterogeneous associated with the development of inflammatory-related diseases. in this study, we expressed entire bovine hp in e. coli as a alphabeta linear form. interestingly, the antibodies prepared against this form could recognize the subunit of native hp. in stead of a complicated column metho ... | 2007 | 18047801 |
| efficacy of dose regimen and observation of herd immunity from a vaccine against escherichia coli o157:h7 for feedlot cattle. | a clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product containing type iii secreted proteins of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the probability that feedlot steers shed e. coli o157:h7 in feces. six hundred eight same-source steers were utilized. of these, 480 steers were assigned randomly to 60 pens (eight head per pen) and to one of four vaccination treatments (120 cattle per treatment, two head per treatment per pen). the four treatments were (i) no vaccination; (ii) one dose, vac ... | 2007 | 18044435 |
| microbiological differences between cull cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and cull cattle slaughtered on farms. | tissue samples from 27 casualty adult dairy cattle slaughtered on farms and 32 'normal' cull dairy cattle were analysed microbiologically for total viable counts (tvc), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica and campylobacter species. overall the counts of enterobacteriaceae and tvc were higher in the animals slaughtered on farms, particularly in the spleen. one 'normal' animal yielded e coli o157, and one yielded campylobacter jejuni, and eight of the cattle slaughtered ... | 2007 | 18037694 |
| the use of bulk tank milk samples to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. | the routine monitoring of bacteria obtained from bulk tank milk (btm) may be an important tool for detecting farm-level trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. this study describes and compares antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (salmonella) and escherichia coli recovered from dairy btm. btm from more than 400 dairies in a dairy-intense region of california were sampled eight times at 2- to 3-month intervals over a 29-month period. from sa ... | 2007 | 18041950 |
| natural antibodies related to energy balance in early lactation dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to determine the presence of natural antibodies (nab) in plasma and milk of individual dairy cows and to study the relation between nab concentrations and energy balance (eb) and dietary energy source. cows (n = 76) were fed a mainly glucogenic, lipogenic, or a mixture of both diets (50:50 dry matter basis) from wk 3 before the expected calving date until wk 9 postpartum. diets were isocaloric (net energy basis) and equal in intestinal digestible protein. blood ... | 2007 | 18024740 |
| interventions to reduce/eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef. | the escherichia coli o157:h7 (e. coli o157:h7) outbreak in the northwestern united states ushered in an era that has dramatically changed the way beef processors in the united states convert live cattle into meat. unprecedented cooperation among the beef processors and massive investment in research by the us government and the beef industry have resulted in an acceptable level of control of e. coli o157:h7 in ground beef. the evidence to support the progress in control of e. coli o157:h7 is the ... | 2007 | 22061399 |
| analysis of the resistance behaviour of indicator bacteria to several antibiotics in bulk milk using spatial point pattern methodology. | between 2002 and 2004, indicator bacteria (enterococcus, escherichia coli) isolated from 799 bulk milk samples were tested against thirty different antibiotics for resistance. systematic sampling over space (every eighth styrian cattle breeding farm on an unaligned grid) was conducted within the scope of the bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) control programme. results of resistance testing were assigned to their respective farms by means of lfbis (information system for agricultural and forestry ente ... | 2007 | 20422543 |
| decomposition of biological macromolecules by plasma generated with helium and oxygen. | in this study, we attempted to characterize the biomolecular effects of an atmospheric pressure cold plasma (apcp) system which utilizes helium/oxygen (he/o(2)). apcp using he/o(2) generates a low level of uv while generating reactive oxygen radicals which probably serve as the primary factor in sterilization; these reactive oxygen radicals have the advantage of being capable to access the interiors of the structures of microbial cells. the damaging effects of plasma exposure on polypeptides, dn ... | 2006 | 16953185 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-encoding bacteria and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates from dairy farms and county fairs. | shiga toxin-encoding bacteria (stb) and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) were detected and isolated from dairy cattle and their farm environment and from manure piles at minnesota (mn) county fairs from 2001 to 2002. a total of 2,540 samples were collected from 28 dairy cattle farms (8 organic and 20 conventional), 17 calf pens (5 organic and 12 conventional), and 12 county fairs. stb were detected from 71 (3.2%) of 2208 fecal samples with 20 (71.4%) of 28 dairy farms having at leas ... | 2006 | 16959442 |
| deferoxamine reduces tissue damage during endotoxin-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | the protective effects of 3 antioxidants on polymorphonuclear neutrophil-induced damage to mammary cells were evaluated in vivo using an endotoxin-induced mastitis model. fifteen healthy, midlactation cows with no history of clinical escherichia coli mastitis were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatment groups corresponding to each modulator to be evaluated, that is, deferoxamine, catechin, and glutathione ethyl ester. each cow had 1 quarter infused with saline and 1 quarter infused with the s ... | 2006 | 16960060 |
| effect of ractopamine hcl supplementation on fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle. | the effects of the beta-agonist ractopamine, recently approved for use in feedlot cattle to improve carcass quality and performance, on fecal shedding escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle was examined. in the first study, 20 feedlot steers and heifers were randomly assigned to receive ractopamine or no ractopamine (control) by way of oral bolus for 28 days. fecal samples were collected daily, and shedding of e. coli o157:h7 determined. when examined during the entire 28-day ... | 2006 | 16972129 |
| shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 by cattle fed diets containing monensin or tylosin. | monensin and tylosin have activity against gram-positive bacteria, and it has been theorized that their effects on the intestinal environment may promote proliferation of gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli. effects of these antibiotics on the shedding of e. coli o157:h7 were studied in a feedlot environment, using 32 finishing steers. a diet containing 85% barley grain, 10% barley silage, and 5% supplement was amended with 33 ppm monensin, 11 ppm tylosin, both of these additives, or ... | 2006 | 16995508 |
| characterization of macrolide-resistant campylobacter coli isolates from food-producing animals on farms across japan during 2004. | we investigated the susceptibilities against 7 antimicrobial agents in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from food-producing animals in 2004. in comparison with the results of past surveillance, no significant difference was observed in resistance rates against all of the antimicrobials tested in campylobacter isolates. however, slight increase of erythromycin (em) resistance was found in c. coli isolates from pigs. we examined the mutation of the 23s rrna gene and their susceptibilities ... | 2006 | 17085893 |
| vaccination of bovines with recombinant boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin. | boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin (byc) is an aspartic proteinase found in boophilus microplus eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis and has been tested as antigen to compose an anti-tick vaccine. the vaccine potential of a recombinant byc expressed in escherichia coli (rbyc) was investigated. rbyc was purified and used to immunize hereford cattle. the sera of bovines immunized with rbyc recognized the native byc with a titer ranging from 125 to 4000. furthermore, immunized bovines challenged wi ... | 2006 | 16997384 |
| isolation and characterization of recombinant drosophila copia aspartic proteinase. | the wild type copia gag precursor protein of drosophila melanogaster expressed in escherichia coli was shown to be processed autocatalytically to generate two daughter proteins with molecular masses of 33 and 23 kda on sds/page. the active-site motif of aspartic proteinases, asp-ser-gly, was present in the 23 kda protein corresponding to the c-terminal half of the precursor protein. the coding region of this daughter protein (152 residues) in the copia gag gene was expressed in e. coli to produc ... | 2006 | 16813567 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract. | the rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. one potential candidate, bdle (dialysis at 10 to 12 kda cut-off) and its fractions ("s" and "l" by 3.5 kda cut-off and i, ii, iii, and iv by molecular exclusion chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, lysteria monocytogenes, esche ... | 2006 | 16997795 |
| mouse stefins a1 and a2 (stfa1 and stfa2) differentiate between papain-like endo- and exopeptidases. | stefin a (stfa) acts as a competitive inhibitor of intracellular papain-like cysteine proteases which play important roles in normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and ovarian follicular growth and maturation. in the mouse there are at least three different variants of stfa (stfa1, stfa2 and stfa3). recent genetic studies identified structural polymorphisms in stfa1 and stfa2 as candidates for aod1b, a locus controlling susceptibility to day three thymect ... | 2006 | 16831429 |
| bovine serum amyloid a3 gene structure and promoter analysis: induced transcriptional expression by bacterial components and the hormone prolactin. | regulation of the bovine saa3 promoter in response to signaling molecules associated with lactation or bacterial infection was assessed using a luciferase reporter system. although the liver is the primary site for the production of acute phase proteins, typically serum amyloid a1 (saa1) and serum amyloid a2 (saa2), analysis of the differential expression of serum amyloid a3 (saa3) by mammary epithelial cells is limited. gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and the gram-positive bact ... | 2006 | 16837143 |
| dissemination and persistence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains on french dairy farms. | some shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains (stec), and in particular e. coli o157:h7, are known to cause severe illness in humans. stec have been responsible for large foodborne outbreaks and some of these have been linked to dairy products. the aim of the present study was to determine the dissemination and persistence of stec on 13 dairy farms in france, which were selected out of 151 randomized dairy farms. a total of 1309 samples were collected, including 415 faecal samples from cat ... | 2006 | 16837144 |
| structural plasticity of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase sfkpa is a key to its chaperone function as revealed by solution nmr. | intramolecular dynamics of periplasmic chaperone fkpa-deltact (sfkpa) and its complexes with partially structured substrates are studied by nmr in solution. the backbone amide 15n relaxation of sfkpa reveals flexibility in the relative orientation between the dimerization domain and two juxtaposed catalytic domains identified in the x-ray structure of sfkpa. this flexibility is attributed to the structural plasticity within the long alpha-helical arm (helix iii) consisting of residues 84 and 91. ... | 2006 | 17002297 |
| association between ceftiofur use and isolation of escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from fecal samples of dairy cows. | to estimate the association between ceftiofur use and the isolation of escherichia coli with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility from fecal samples of dairy cow populations. | 2006 | 17014318 |
| vaccines against traveler's diarrhoea and rotavirus disease - a review. | diarrheal diseases constitute one of the most important health problems worldwide, preferentially in developing countries with a morbidity of estimated 5 billion and a mortality of 5 million cases per year. children less than 5 years are particularly in danger with respect to the incidence and severity of the gastrointestinal symptoms. travelers to developing countries are also at risk to develop diarrheal disorders; around 30-50% of them acquire so called "travelers's diarrhea" caused by bacter ... | 2006 | 17131234 |
| thionein can serve as a reducing agent for the methionine sulfoxide reductases. | it has been generally accepted, primarily from studies on methionine sulfoxide reductase (msr) a, that the biological reducing agent for the members of the msr family is reduced thioredoxin (trx), although high levels of dtt can be used as the reductant in vitro. preliminary experiments using both human recombinant msrb2 (hmsrb2) and msrb3 (hmsrb3) showed that although dtt can function in vitro as the reducing agent, trx works very poorly, prompting a more careful comparison of the ability of dt ... | 2006 | 16735467 |
| hybridase activity of human ribonuclease-1 revealed by a real-time fluorometric assay. | human ribonuclease-1 (hrnase-1) is an extracellular enzyme found in exocrine pancreas, blood, milk, saliva, urine and seminal plasma, which has been implicated in digestion of dietary rna and in antiviral host defense. the enzyme is characterized by a high catalytic activity toward both single-stranded and double-stranded rna. in this study, we explored the possibility that hrnase-1 may also be provided with a ribonuclease h activity, i.e. be able to digest the rna component of rna:dna hybrids. ... | 2006 | 16738129 |
| ultra-fast tandem mass spectrometry scanning combined with monolithic column liquid chromatography increases throughput in proteomic analysis. | liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (lc/esi-ms) has been used successfully for the characterization of biomolecules in proteomics in the last few years. this methodology relied largely on the use of reversed-phase chromatography, in particular c18-based resins, which are suitable for separation of peptides. here we show that polymeric [polystyrene divinylbenzene] monolithic columns can be used to separate peptide mixtures faster and at a higher resolutio ... | 2006 | 16773668 |
| identification of diagnostic proteins in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by a whole genome analysis approach. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is an economically significant veterinary pathogen that causes johne's disease in cattle and sheep. there is a critical need for improved diagnostic tests to detect m. paratuberculosis infection in these animals. as with many other animal diseases, efforts need to be concentrated on the development of simple, rapid, noninvasive tests that can be performed by veterinarians or animal producers without expensive laboratory equipm ... | 2006 | 16957356 |
| demonstration of methods to reduce e. coli runoff from dairy manure application sites. | contamination by bacteria is a leading cause of impairment in u.s. waters, particularly in areas of livestock agriculture. we evaluated the effectiveness of several practices in reducing escherichia coli levels in runoff from fields receiving liquid dairy (bos taurus) manure. runoff trials were conducted on replicated hay and silage corn (zea mays l.) plots using simulated rainfall. levels of e. coli in runoff were approximately 10(4) to 10(6) organisms per 100 ml, representing a significant pol ... | 2006 | 16738394 |
| use of a simulation model to evaluate sampling strategies for characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-type-specific escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows. | to evaluate various sampling strategies for potential use in measuring prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility in cattle. | 2006 | 16740086 |
| occurrence, virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli o157 in slaughtered cattle and diarrhoeic calves in west bengal, india. | (i) to study the occurrence of escherichia coli serotype o157 in cattle stool in west bengal, india, and (ii) the virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance of the e. coli isolates. | 2006 | 16965371 |
| field trial evaluating the influence of prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial administration on antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coli in dairy calves. | the objective of this study was to describe the influence of in-feed and therapeutic antimicrobials on resistance in commensal fecal escherichia coli isolated from preweaned calves. four groups of 30, day-old calf-ranch calves were enrolled and raised until 4 weeks of age. groups 1 to 3 were raised without antimicrobials in the feed. group 1 was isolated from the other groups and received no antimicrobial therapy. group 2 was housed on the calf ranch and did not receive antimicrobial therapy, wh ... | 2006 | 16751491 |
| molecular epidemiology of ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates from dairy calves. | healthy calves (n = 96, 1 to 9 weeks old) from a dairy herd in central pennsylvania were examined each month over a five-month period for fecal shedding of ceftiofur-resistant gram-negative bacteria. ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates (n = 122) were characterized by antimicrobial resistance (disk diffusion and mic), serotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes, beta-lactamase genes, and virulence genes. antibiotic disk diffusion assays showed that the isolates were resistant to ... | 2006 | 16751500 |
| development of bacteroides 16s rrna gene taqman-based real-time pcr assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. | bacteroides species are promising indicators for differentiating livestock and human fecal contamination in water because of their high concentration in feces and potential host specificity. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was designed to target bacteroides species (allbac) present in human, cattle, and equine feces. direct pcr amplification (without dna extraction) using the allbac assay was tested on feces diluted in water. fecal concentrations and threshold cycle were linearly correlated ... | 2006 | 16751534 |
| crystal structure of the second lns/lg domain from neurexin 1alpha: ca2+ binding and the effects of alternative splicing. | neurexins mediate protein interactions at the synapse, playing an essential role in synaptic function. extracellular domains of neurexins, and their fragments, bind a distinct profile of different proteins regulated by alternative splicing and ca2+. the crystal structure of n1alpha_lns#2 (the second lns/lg domain of bovine neurexin 1alpha) reveals large structural differences compared with n1alpha_lns#6 (or n1beta_lns), the only other lns/lg domain for which a structure has been determined. the ... | 2006 | 16772286 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in ground beef and lamb cuts: results of a one-year study. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) have been associated with a broad spectrum of diarrhoeal syndromes. some of these cases have been attributed to foods of bovine origin or other foods cross-contaminated by beef products or cow manure. the purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of stec distribution in selected red meats over time. samples of ground beef and lamb cuts were collected over a 52-week period from 31 different outlets and 25 g portions were assayed for stec. ste ... | 2006 | 16793157 |
| bioassay-guided purification and identification of antimicrobial components in chinese green tea extract. | the chinese green tea extract was found to strongly inhibit the growth of major food-borne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and a diarrhoea food-poisoning pathogen bacillus cereus, by 44-100% with the highest activity found against s. aureus and lowest against e. coli o157:h7. a bioassay-guided fractionation technique was used for identifying the principal active component. a simple and efficient reversed-phase high ... | 2006 | 16797571 |
| simulation of normal, carrier and affected controls for large-scale genotyping of cattle for factor xi deficiency. | an insertion mutation within exon 12 of the factor xi gene has been described in holstein cattle. this has opened the prospect for large-scale screening of cattle using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for the rapid identification of heterozygous animals. to facilitate such a screening process, the mutant and normal alleles of factor xi gene, represented by 244- and 320-bp pcr amplified fragments, were individually cloned in escherichia coli using a multicopy plasmid cloning vehicle ... | 2006 | 16819712 |
| use of a nonmedicated dietary supplement correlates with increased prevalence of streptomycin-sulfa-tetracycline-resistant escherichia coli on a dairy farm. | we examined how a dietary supplement affects the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli on a dairy farm in washington state. between 2001 and 2004 the prevalence of fecal e. coli strains resistant to streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline (ssut strains) declined from 59.2% to 26.1% in the calf population. in 2003 the dairy discontinued use of a dietary supplement, and we hypothesized that the decline in prevalence of ssut strains was related to this change in management. to te ... | 2006 | 16820447 |
| soil survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 acquired by a child from garden soil recently fertilized with cattle manure. | this investigation was conducted to determine the survival of a naturally occurring escherichia coli o157:h7 in garden soil linked to a sporadic case of e. coli o157 infection in minnesota. | 2006 | 16882151 |
| bacterial production of biologically active canine interleukin-1beta by seamless sumo tagging and removal. | interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) is a potent stimulator of extracellular matrix degradation in models of osteoarthritis (oa). in contrast to bovine explant models which effectively respond to recombinant human il-1beta, canine models are relatively refractory to human il-1beta stimulation. canine il-1beta cdna was cloned in order to produce a fully potent species matched preparation of il-1beta for use specifically in canine models of oa. established methods for the production of various orthologous ... | 2006 | 16893658 |
| escherichia coli isolates' serotypes, genotypes, and virulence genes and clinical coliform mastitis severity. | dairy cattle with clinical mastitis caused by escherichia coli exhibit a wide range of disease severity, from mild, with only local inflammatory changes of the mammary gland, to severe, with significant systemic derangement. the present study was designed to examine the relationship between serotype and virulence genes of e. coli mastitis isolates, different levels of systemic disease severity, and farm from which the e. coli strain was obtained. one hundred twenty-three e. coli milk isolates we ... | 2006 | 16899673 |
| characterization of escherichia coli isolates from different fecal sources by means of classification tree analysis of fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles. | microbial source tracking (mst) methods need to be rapid, inexpensive and accurate. unfortunately, many mst methods provide a wealth of information that is difficult to interpret by the regulators who use this information to make decisions. this paper describes the use of classification tree analysis to interpret the results of a mst method based on fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of escherichia coli isolates, and to present results in a format readily interpretable by water quality mana ... | 2006 | 16570218 |