Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antimicrobial peptides of meat origin - an in silico and in vitro analysis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of meat protein-derived peptides against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the in silico and in vitro approach was combined to determine the potency of antimicrobial peptides derived from pig (sus scrofa) and cow (bos taurus) proteins. the in silico studies consisted of an analysis of the amino acid composition of peptides obtained from the campr database, their molecular weight and other physicochemical properties ... | 2017 | 28000569 |
| randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial shows no benefit of homeopathic mastitis treatment in dairy cows. | mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy production, and homeopathic remedies have been used increasingly in recent years to treat it. clinical trials evaluating homeopathy have often been criticized for their inadequate scientific approach. the objective of this triple-blind, randomized controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of homeopathic treatment in bovine clinical mastitis. the study was conducted on a conventionally managed dairy farm between june 2013 and may 2014. dairy ... | 2017 | 28342609 |
| occurrence and characterization of blandm-5-positive klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from dairy cows in jiangsu, china. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the surrounding genetic structure of the blandm-5 gene in klebsiella pneumoniae derived from dairy cows in jiangsu province, china. | 2017 | 27621177 |
| factors associated with intramammary infection in dairy cows caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, streptococcus dysgalactiae, corynebacterium bovis, or escherichia coli. | the aim of this study was to determine risk factors for bovine intramammary infection (imi) associated with the most common bacterial species in finland. large databases of the finnish milk-recording system and results of microbiological analyses of mastitic milk samples from valio ltd. (helsinki, finland) were analyzed. the study group comprised 29,969 cows with imi from 4,173 dairy herds. a cow with a quarter milk sample in which dna of target species was detected in the pathoproof mastitis pc ... | 2017 | 28341052 |
| draft genome sequences of escherichia coli strains isolated at calving from the uterus, vagina, vulva, and rectoanal junction of a dairy cow that later developed metritis. | escherichia coli is involved in the pathogenicity of metritis in cows. we report here the genome sequences of e. coli strains isolated at calving from the uterus, vagina, vulva, and rectoanal junction of a dairy cow that later developed metritis. the genomic similarities will give an insight into phylogenetic relationships among strains. | 2017 | 28302783 |
| short communication: diagnostic performance of on-farm bacteriological culture systems for identification of uterine escherichia coli in postpartum dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to validate the performance of on-farm bacteriological culture systems for identification of escherichia coli in the uterus of early postpartum dairy cows and to determine if an association is present between the results and the subsequent occurrence of puerperal metritis (pm). a prospective cohort study was conducted in one commercial holstein dairy herd in which 400 cows were sampled between 24 and 48 h after parturition. three bacteriological samples were obt ... | 2017 | 28215893 |
| glucose requirements of an activated immune system in lactating holstein cows. | accurately quantifying activated immune system energy requirements in vivo is difficult, but a better understanding may advance strategies to maximize animal productivity. study objectives were to estimate whole-body glucose utilization following an i.v. endotoxin challenge. lactating holstein cows were jugular catheterized and assigned 1 of 3 bolus treatments: control (con; 5 ml of saline; n = 6), lipopolysaccharide (lps)-administered (lps-c; 1.5 μg/kg of body weight; escherichia coli 055:b5; n ... | 2017 | 28041733 |
| intramammary infusion of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis. | feeding high-grain diets increases the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (sara) and adversely affects rumen health. this condition might impair the responsiveness of cows when they are exposed to external infectious stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (lps). the main objective of this study was to evaluate various responses to intramammary lps infusion in healthy dairy cows and those experimentally subjected to sara. eighteen early-lactating simmental cows were subjected to sara (n = 12) or control ... | 2017 | 27939552 |
| prevalence and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase or ampc-producing escherichia coli in organic dairy herds in the netherlands. | extended-spectrum β-lactamase and ampc-producing escherichia coli (esbl/ampc) are an emerging problem and are hypothesized to be associated with antimicrobial use (amu), and more specifically with the use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. whether esbl/ampc also occur in organic dairy herds, which have restricted amu, is not known. additionally, it is unknown whether, in addition to restricted amu, other factors in organic herd management are associated with esbl/ampc herd status. t ... | 2017 | 27865491 |
| spatial clustering of escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin among dairy cattle farms relative to european starling night roosts. | european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) have been implicated in the dispersal of zoonotic enteric pathogens. however, their role in disseminating antimicrobial-resistant organisms through their home range has not been clearly established. the aim of this study was to determine whether starling night roosts served as foci for spreading organisms with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials among dairy cattle farms. bovine faecal pats were collected from 150 dairy farms in ohio. each farm was visit ... | 2017 | 27460156 |
| proposal for agar disk diffusion interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing of bovine mastitis pathogens using cefoperazone 30μg disks. | cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin which is commonly used for bovine mastitis therapy. bacterial pathogens involved in bovine mastitis are frequently tested for their susceptibility to cefoperazone. so far, the cefoperazone susceptibility testing using 30μg disks has been hampered by the lack of quality control (qc) ranges as well as the lack of interpretive criteria. in 2014, qc ranges for 30 μg cefoperazone disks have been established for staphylococcus aureus atcc(®) 25923 and e ... | 2017 | 26987627 |
| presence and localization of bacteria in the bovine endometrium postpartum using fluorescence in situ hybridization. | the aim of this study was to investigate bacterial invasiveness of the bovine endometrium during the postpartum period. fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to endometrial biopsies using probes for fusobacterium necrophorum, porphyromonas levii, trueperella pyogenes, escherichia coli and a probe for bacteria in general (the overall domain bacteria) to determine their tissue localization. holstein cows were sampled at three time points postpartum (t1: 4-12 days postpartum, t2: 24-32 day ... | 2017 | 28237333 |
| climate, lactation, and treatment factors influence faecal shedding of escherichia coli o157 pathotypes in dairy cows. | among pathogens shed by cattle, escherichia coli o157 ranks highest in those causing human illness. to date, prevalence and risk factors for o157 shedding have been assessed in feedlot, but not dairy cattle. the study aimed to determine prevalence levels and risk factors for o157 atypical enteropathogenic e. coli (aepec) and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) shedding in dairy cattle. dairy cattle (n = 899) within the first 21 days of lactation were sampled monthly over the course of 1 year, on t ... | 2017 | 27634484 |
| in vitro synergistic activities of cefazolin and nisin a against mastitis pathogens. | first-generation cephalosporins such as cefazolin (cez) have been widely used for mastitis treatment in dairy cattle. however, the use of antibiotics results in the presence of antibiotic residues in milk, which is used for human consumption. nisin a, a bacteriocin produced by lactococcus lactis, has been used as a broad-spectrum food preservative for over 50 years. therefore, a combination of cez and nisin a might provide an extended activity spectrum against mastitis pathogens and reduce the a ... | 2017 | 28757508 |
| quantitative risk assessment of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne infections in humans due to recombinant bovine somatotropin usage in dairy cows. | recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst) is a production-enhancing technology that allows the dairy industry to produce milk more efficiently. concern has been raised that cows supplemented with rbst are at an increased risk of developing clinical mastitis, which would potentially increase the use of antimicrobial agents and increase human illnesses associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens delivered through the dairy beef supply. the purpose of this study was to conduct a quanti ... | 2017 | 28574304 |
| plasmids of diverse inc groups disseminate the fosfomycin resistance gene fosa3 among escherichia coli isolates from pigs, chickens, and dairy cows in northeast china. | thirty-nine fosfomycin-resistant escherichia coli isolates carrying fosa3 were obtained from pigs, chickens, dairy cows, and staff in four northeastern provinces of china between june 2015 and april 2016. the fosa3 gene was colocated with blactx-m genes on conjugative plasmids of the incompatibility groups incn (n = 12), incn-f33:a(-):b(-)(n = 2), incf33:a(-):b(-)(n = 14), incf14:a(-):b(-)(n = 2), and inci1/sequence type 136 (st136) (n = 9). four different genetic contexts of fosa3 were detected ... | 2017 | 28674050 |
| effects of intravaginal lactic acid bacteria on bovine endometrium: implications in uterine health. | infection and inflammation of the endometrium after calving compromise uterine health, contributing to decreased reproductive efficiency in dairy cows. twenty multiparous cows were distributed in two groups and treated intra-vaginally with a combination of lactic acid bacteria (lab) composed by lactobacillus rhamnosus, pedioccocus acidilactici, and lactobacillus reuteri, or with a sterile carrier (con) twice per week during 3 wk. at the slaughterhouse, vaginal and endometrial swabs were taken fo ... | 2017 | 28532798 |
| a survey on antimicrobial resistant escherichia coli isolated from unpasteurised cows' milk in northern ireland. | 2017 | 28424319 | |
| experimentally induced subclinical mastitis: are lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid eliciting similar pain responses? | pain accompanying mastitis has gained attention recently as a relevant welfare compromising aspect of disease. adequate pain recognition and therapy are necessary in the context of a modern and ethically acceptable dairy care. for research purposes mastitis is often induced by intramammary infusion of immunogenic bacterial cell wall components. lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli and lipoteichoic acid (lta) from staphylococcus aureus are commonly administered to this end. while the im ... | 2017 | 28615028 |
| normal milk microbiome is reestablished following experimental infection with escherichia coli independent of intramammary antibiotic treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin in bovines. | the use of antimicrobials in food animals and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance are global concerns. ceftiofur is the only third-generation cephalosporin labeled for veterinary use in the usa, and it is the drug of choice in the majority of dairy farms for the treatment of mastitis. here, we use next-generation sequencing to describe longitudinal changes that occur in the milk microbiome before, during, and after infection and treatment with ceftiofur. twelve animals were intramammary ch ... | 2017 | 28701174 |
| metritis vaccination in holstein dairy heifers using a herd-specific multivalent vaccine - effects on uterine health and fertility in first lactation. | in cattle, acute puerperal metritis (apm) compromises animal welfare and has an economic impact to the farmer because of the detrimental effects on reproductive performance, milk production, and survivability. the aim of this randomized clinical study was to investigate the effects of a prepartum immunization using a herd-specific multivalent vaccine on incidence of apm, prevalence of clinical endometritis (ce), and selected measures of reproductive performance in primiparous holstein cows. preg ... | 2017 | 28760665 |
| bacteriological etiology and treatment of mastitis in finnish dairy herds. | the finnish dairy herd recording system maintains production and health records of cows and herds. veterinarians and farmers register veterinary treatments in the system. milk samples for microbiological analysis are routinely taken from mastitic cows. the laboratory of the largest dairy company in finland, valio ltd., analyzes most samples using real-time pcr. this study addressed pathogen-specific microbiological data and treatment and culling records, in combination with cow and herd characte ... | 2017 | 28545485 |
| short communication: extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant escherichia coli in colostrum from new brunswick, canada, dairy cows harbor blacmy-2 and blatem resistance genes. | dairy calves are colonized shortly after birth by multidrug resistant (mdr) bacteria, including escherichia coli. the role of dairy colostrum fed to calves as a potential source of mdr bacteria resistance genes has not been investigated. this study determined the recovery rate of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (esc-r) e. coli in colostrum from cows. the esc-r e. coli isolates were further investigated to determine their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern and the genes conferr ... | 2017 | 28780105 |
| characterization of ndm-5-positive extensively resistant escherichia coli isolates from dairy cows. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of blandm-5 gene in escherichia coli isolates from dairy cows and to characterize the molecular traits of the blandm-5-positive isolates. a total of 169 cows were sampled (169 feces and 169 raw milk samples) in three dairy farms in jiangsu province and 203 e. coli isolates were recovered. among these strains, three isolates carried blandm-5 gene, including one co-harboring mcr-1, which belonged to sequence type 446 and the other two belonge ... | 2017 | 28757017 |
| behavioral and patho-physiological response as possible signs of pain in dairy cows during escherichia coli mastitis: a pilot study. | bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases in the dairy industry and it is a major welfare problem. pain during mastitis is generally assessed through behavior but a combination of indicators would increase the chances of detecting pain and assessing its intensity. the aim of this study was to assess behavioral and patho-physiological responses as possible signs of pain experienced by cows after experimental intramammary challenge (mastitis) with escherichia coli. six holstein-friesian c ... | 2017 | 28755940 |
| escherichia coli mastitis strains: in vitro phenotypes and severity of infection in vivo. | mastitis remains a major infection of dairy cows and an important issue for dairy farmers and the dairy industry, in particular infections due to escherichia coli strains. so far, properties specific to e. coli causing mastitis remain ill defined. in an attempt to better understand the properties required for e. coli to trigger mastitis, we used a range of in vitro assays to phenotypically characterize four e. coli strains, including the prototypical e. coli mastitis strain p4, possessing differ ... | 2017 | 28727781 |
| effect of experimentally increased protein supply to postpartum dairy cows on plasma protein synthesis, rumen tissue proliferation, and immune homeostasis. | the effect of experimentally increasing the postpartum protein supply on plasma protein synthesis, rumen tissue proliferation, and immune homeostasis was studied using 8 periparturient holstein cows in a complete randomized design. at calving, cows were assigned to abomasal infusion of water (ctrl) or casein (cas) in addition to a lactation diet. casein infusion was gradually decreased from 696 ± 1 g/d at +2 d relative to calving (drtc) to 212 ± 10 g/d at +29 drtc to avoid excessive supply. synt ... | 2017 | 28727010 |
| punicalagin protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury. | bovine endometritis is one of the most common reproductive disorders in cattle. the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammation potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (beecs) and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. | 2017 | 28585424 |
| effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses, milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide (lps) on inflammatory responses and milk production and quality in lactating dairy cows. eight holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in a cross-over experimental design. cows were infused intravenously either with saline solution or with saline solution containing lps from escherichia coli o111:b4 at a dose of 0.01 μg lps/kg body weight for approximately 6 hr each day during a se ... | 2017 | 28503821 |
| cefotaxime-resistant e. coli in dairy and beef cattle farms-joint analyses of two cross-sectional investigations in germany. | resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics is of major concern for animal and human health. knowledge of the prevalence of resistant bacteria in primary production is an important element to estimate transmission along the stages in the food production chain and the exposure of the human population. the primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant commensal e. coli in dairy and beef cattle production units throughout ... | 2017 | 28606364 |
| effects of intrauterine infusion of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine health, resolution of purulent vaginal discharge, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. | the objectives of the current experiment were to evaluate the effects of intrauterine infusion of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) in cows diagnosed with purulent vaginal discharge (pvd) on intrauterine cell population, resolution of pvd, uterine health, and reproductive performance. jersey cows (n = 3,084) were examined using the metricheck device to diagnose pvd at 35 ± 6 d postpartum. purulent vaginal discharge was defined as the presence of purulent (≥50% pus) discharge detectable i ... | 2017 | 28434752 |
| effects of intrauterine infusion of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine mrna gene expression and peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes in jersey cows diagnosed with purulent vaginal discharge. | the objectives of the current experiment were to investigate the effects of intrauterine treatment of cows with purulent vaginal discharge (pvd) using lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli on uterine mrna expression of genes related to inflammatory responses, peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) function, hematological parameters, and blood concentrations of cortisol, haptoglobin, and progesterone (p4). jersey cows (n = 3,084) were examined for pvd at 35 ± 6 d postpartum using t ... | 2017 | 28434729 |
| effect of lipopolysaccharide on developmental competence of oocytes. | in postpartum dairy cows, lipopolysaccharide (lps) derived from gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli causes uterine inflammation resulting in low fertility. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of lps on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes in vitro. lps perturbed the nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes by inhibiting meiotic progression. although lps did not affect the copy number of mitochondrial dna, it decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in matured oo ... | 2017 | 28408308 |
| phylogenetic analysis of vp1 and rdrp genes of brazilian aichivirus b strains involved in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves. | aichivirus b has been reported worldwide in calves and adult cattle with and without diarrhea. the aim of this study was to describe the molecular characteristics of the rdrp and vp1 genes of aichivirus b strains identified as the most frequent etiologic agent in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak in a high-production brazilian dairy cattle herd. preliminary laboratory analysis ruled out important enteropathogens (cryptosporidium spp; eimeria spp., e. coli f5, and bovine coronavirus). fecal samples fr ... | 2017 | 28849283 |
| detection and drug resistance profile of escherichia coli from subclinical mastitis cows and water supply in dairy farms in saraburi province, thailand. | subclinical mastitis is a persistent problem in dairy farms worldwide. environmental escherichia coli is the bacterium predominantly responsible for this condition. in thailand, subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is usually treated with various antibiotics, which could lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. e. coli is also a reservoir of many antibiotic resistance genes, which can be conveyed to other bacteria. in this study, the presence of e. coli in milk and water samples was reported, am ... | 2017 | 28626609 |
| short communication: effects of an immunomodulatory feed additive on phagocytic capacity of neutrophils and relative gene expression in circulating white blood cells of transition holstein cows. | high-producing dairy cows typically experience immunosuppression with dysregulated neutrophil function (e.g., compromised phagocytosis) during the transition period (3 wk before to 3 wk after parturition), which is causally associated with increased risk of infections. enhanced neutrophil immune competence has significant bearing with the wellbeing of transition dairy cattle. in the current study, we investigated the effect of omnigen-af (og; phibro animal health, quincy, il) and its dose in mod ... | 2017 | 28711260 |
| bovine intra-mammary challenge with streptococcus dysgalactiae spp. dysgalactiae to explore the effect on the response of complement activity. | recently published work as described by the authors highlighted the extent of complement activity in bovine milk. localised mastitis infection occurring in the mammary glands of dairy cows is readily detectable by the levels of somatic cells in milk. thus, it is opportune to monitor complement activity in milks in association with the animal's innate immune response to mammary infection. preliminary screening of milk samples taken randomly showed that milk with a high somatic cell count (scc) re ... | 2017 | 28625182 |
| local immunization impacts the response of dairy cows to escherichia coli mastitis. | current vaccines to escherichia coli mastitis have shown some albeit limited efficacy. their mode of action has not been documented, and immune responses protecting the mammary gland against e. coli are not completely understood. to improve our knowledge of mammary gland immune protection, cows immunized either intramuscularly or intramammarily with the e. coli p4 were submitted to a homologous mastitis challenge. a third group of mock-immunized cows serve as challenge controls. local immunizati ... | 2017 | 28611405 |
| serotypes, virulence markers and cell invasion ability of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy dairy cattle. | the occurrence of virulence markers, serotypes and invasive ability were investigated in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from faecal samples of healthy dairy cattle at rio de janeiro state, brazil. | 2016 | 27426967 |
| potential immunosuppressive effects of escherichia coli o157:h7 experimental infection on the bovine host. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), like e. coli o157:h7 are frequently detected in bovine faecal samples at slaughter. cattle do not show clinical symptoms upon infection, but for humans the consequences after consuming contaminated beef can be severe. the immune response against ehec in cattle cannot always clear the infection as persistent colonization and shedding in infected animals over a period of months often occurs. in previous infection trials, we observed a primary immune resp ... | 2016 | 28003017 |
| bovine natural antibodies in antibody-dependent bactericidal activity against escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium and risk of mastitis. | natural antibodies (nabs) are mostly igm antibodies produced without antigenic stimulation and serve as a first line of defence of the immune system. as both natural and specific antibodies are present in animals, nabs are studied by determining the igm response to naïve antigens like keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh). in this study, we selected cows based on high and low anti-klh igm titers, reflecting high and low nab titers, and determined if the anti-klh igm titers were indicative for the reco ... | 2016 | 26964714 |
| effects of monensin and starch level in early lactation diets on indices of immune function in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary starch level and monensin on immune function. prior to parturition, primiparous (n=21) and multiparous (n=49) holstein cows were fed a common controlled energy close-up diet with a daily topdress of either 0 or 400 mg/d monensin. from 1 to 21 d in milk (dim), cows were fed a high-starch (hs; 26.2% starch) or low-starch (ls; 21.5% starch) total mixed ration with a daily topdress of either 0 or 450 mg of monensin/d continuing with p ... | 2016 | 26709159 |
| incidence rate of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on conventional and organic canadian dairy farms. | mastitis is a common and costly production disease on dairy farms. in canada, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (ircm) has been determined for conventionally managed dairy farms; however, no studies to date have assessed rates in organically managed systems. the objectives of this observational study were (1) to determine the producer-reported ircm and predominant pathogen types on conventional and organic dairy farms in southern ontario, canada, and (2) to evaluate the association of both ... | 2016 | 26686728 |
| il-17a is an important effector of the immune response of the mammary gland to escherichia coli infection. | the cytokine il-17a has been shown to play critical roles in host defense against bacterial and fungal infections at different epithelial sites, but its role in the defense of the mammary gland (mg) has seldom been investigated, although infections of the mg constitute the main pathology afflicting dairy cows. in this study, we showed that il-17a contributes to the defense of the mg against escherichia coli infection by using a mouse mastitis model. after inoculation of the mg with a mastitis-ca ... | 2016 | 26685206 |
| evidence of no protection for a recurrent case of pathogen specific clinical mastitis from a previous case. | the objective of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of a previous case of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm) protects holstein dairy cows against a recurrent case. pathogens studied were escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., klebsiella spp., and trueperella pyogenes. a total of 40 864 lactations (17,265 primiparous and 23,599 multiparous) from 19 835 cows from 5 large, high milk producing new york state dairy herds were analysed. ... | 2016 | 26568557 |
| supraphysiological oxytocin increases the transfer of immunoglobulins and other blood components to milk during lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | bacterial mastitis causes pathogen-dependent changes of the blood-milk barrier, and these changes can influence the differential transfer of blood components to milk. it is well known that gram-negative pathogens such as escherichia coli can cause a greater activation of the immune system and thus a more comprehensive transfer of blood components including igg than gram-positive pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus. supraphysiological doses of oxytocin (ot) have been shown to increase the per ... | 2016 | 27592421 |
| mastitis pathogens with high virulence in a mouse model produce a distinct cytokine profile in vivo. | mastitis is a serious medical condition of dairy cattle. here, we evaluated whether the degree of virulence of mastitis pathogens in a mouse model can be linked to the inflammatory response that they provoke. clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) (strain 556 and 392) and escherichia coli (e. coli) (676 and 127), and laboratory control strains [8325-4 (s. aureus) and mg1655 (e. coli)], were injected i.p. into mice, followed by the assessment of clinical scores and inflammatory pa ... | 2016 | 27713743 |
| effect of high-pressure processing of bovine colostrum on immunoglobulin g concentration, pathogens, viscosity, and transfer of passive immunity to calves. | this study aimed to determine the effects of high-pressure processing on the immunoglobulin concentration, microbial load, viscosity, and transfer of passive immunity to calves when applied to bovine colostrum as an alternative to thermal pasteurization. a pilot study using staphylococcus aureus was conducted to determine which pressure-time treatments are most appropriate for use with bovine colostrum, with the goals of maximizing bacterial inactivation while minimizing igg content and viscosit ... | 2016 | 27638265 |
| prevalence and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and ampc-producing escherichia coli in dairy farms. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)- and plasmid-mediated ampc-producing escherichia coli and associated risk factors in dairy herds. one hundred dairy herds were randomly selected and sampled to study the presence of esbl- and ampc-producing e. coli in slurry samples. the sensitivity of testing slurry samples for esbl/ampc herd status is less than 100%, especially for detecting herds with a low esbl/ampc prevalence. therefore, ... | 2016 | 27638264 |
| evaluation of calcium cyanamide addition during co-composting of manure and maize straw in a forced-aeration static-pile system. | composting is one of the most environmentally friendly treatments to inactivate pathogenic organisms or reduce them to acceptable levels. however, even under thermal conditions, some pathogenic organisms such as e. coli could exist for a long time in composting. such great persistence may increase the possibility of outbreaks of these organisms and further increase the environmental load. calcium cyanamide (cacn2) has recently been recognized to have the fungicidal effect on the pathogens of the ... | 2016 | 27800167 |
| acute phase response in lactating dairy cows during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamps and after intramammary lps challenge. | the link between energy availability, turnover of energy substrates and the onset of inflammation in dairy cows is complex and poorly investigated. to clarify this, plasma inflammatory variables were measured in mid-lactating dairy cows allocated to three groups: hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic clamp, induced by insulin infusion (hypog, n = 5); hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamp, induced by insulin and glucose infusion (eug; n = 6); control, receiving a saline solution infusion (nacl; n = 6). at ... | 2016 | 27079943 |
| draft genome sequence of an escherichia coli o8:h19 sequence type 708 strain isolated from a holstein dairy cow with metritis. | we present here the genome sequence ofescherichia colio8:h19 strain kcj852, belonging to multilocus sequence type (mlst) 708, isolated from the uterus of a cow with a bovine postpartum uterine infection known as metritis. genomic investigation of kcj852 will help us understand its virulence potential. | 2016 | 27056235 |
| molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli strains from a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings. | this study describes the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 78 genetically different escherichia coli recovered from the air and exudate samples of a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings in spain, in order to gain insight into the flow of antimicrobial resistance through the environment and food supply. | 2016 | 26969806 |
| mechanisms linking bacterial infections of the bovine endometrium to disease and infertility. | bacterial infections of the endometrium after parturition commonly cause metritis and endometritis in dairy cattle, and these diseases are important because they compromise animal welfare and incur economic costs, as well as delaying or preventing conception. here we highlight that uterine infections cause infertility, discuss which bacteria cause uterine disease, and review the evidence for mechanisms of inflammation and tissue damage in the endometrium. bacteria cultured from the uterus of dis ... | 2016 | 26952747 |
| identification of fimbrial subunits in the genome of trueperella pyogenes and association between serum antibodies against fimbrial proteins and uterine conditions in dairy cows. | understanding the role of fimbrial subunits during bacterial adherence and the host's immunological response against anchorage proteins is critical for the development of strategies to prevent pathogens from thriving. the objectives of the present study were to locate fimbria-related proteins in the genome of trueperella pyogenes (cp007519), define their importance for bacterial adherence, and evaluate the association between serum antibodies against fimbrial subunits and uterine health in dairy ... | 2016 | 26947291 |
| dynamics of postpartum endometrial cytology and bacteriology and their relationship to fertility in dairy cows. | endometrial samples were obtained from 56 consecutively calving dairy cows examined for endometrial cytology and for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth. changes over time, correlations between different cell types and between cell and bacterial populations and with fertility measures were calculated. the proportion of neutrophils in cytologic preparations decreased with time postpartum. other cell types did not change significantly with time. the proportion of neutrophils early (day 0 and 7) ... | 2016 | 26944540 |
| antimicrobial resistance profiles in escherichia coli o157 isolates from northern colorado dairies. | escherichia coli o157 (eco157) infections can lead to serious disease and death in humans. although the ecology of eco157 is complex, ruminant animals serve as an important reservoir for human infection. dairy cattle are unique because they may be a source of contamination for milk, meat, and manure-fertilized crops. foodborne dairy pathogens such as eco157 are of primary importance to public health. antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a complex phenomenon that complicates the treatment of serious ... | 2016 | 26939660 |
| intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion alters gene expression but does not induce lysis of the bovine corpus luteum. | data from various studies indicate that the ovarian function in dairy cows can be compromised during intramammary infections. therefore, in this study, we investigated if an experimentally induced mastitis has an effect on corpus luteum (cl) function in 14 lactating cows. on d 9 of the estrous cycle (d 1=ovulation), cows received a single dose of 200 μg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps; dissolved in 10 ml of nacl; n=8) or 10 ml of saline (control; n=6) into one quarter of the mammary ... | 2016 | 26923046 |
| predictors of fatal outcomes resulting from acute escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cows. | to evaluate the prognostic criteria for identifying cows at an increased risk of a fatal outcome from acute escherichia coli mastitis, the potential cut-off values for five diagnostic parameters associated with a high mortality were determined by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. these criteria were hematocrit value >32%, blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration >0.4 meq/l, antithrombin activity <120%, platelet count <15 × 10(4)/ml and presence of dysstasia. exceeding the cut ... | 2016 | 26875836 |
| changes in endometrial transcription of tlr2, tlr4, and cd14 during the first-week postpartum in dairy cows with retained placenta. | changes in the endometrial transcription of pattern recognition receptors may increase the susceptibility to postpartum uterine infections in holstein cows with retained placenta. to test this hypothesis, nine cows with retained placenta and ten cows without retained placenta were submitted to endometrial biopsies at the first and seventh days postpartum. cows were monitored weekly with clinical and gynecological examinations until 42 days postpartum. samples of the uterine contents were collect ... | 2016 | 26777563 |
| impact of seasonal conditions on quality and pathogens content of milk in friesian cows. | heat stress negatively affects milk quality altering its nutritive value and cheese making properties. this study aimed at assessing the impact of seasonal microclimatic conditions on milk quality of friesian cows. the study was carried out in a dairy farm from june 2013 to may 2014 at beni-suef province, egypt. inside the barn daily ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded and used to calculate the daily maximum temperature-humidity index (mxthi), which was used as indicator of t ... | 2016 | 27165021 |
| in vitro evaluation of a novel bacteriophage cocktail as a preventative for bovine coliform mastitis. | the objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of bacteriophage in preventing escherichia coli mastitis on dairies. a cocktail consisting of 4 distinct bacteriophages was generated by screening against 36 e. coli isolates from dairy cows in washington state with clinical mastitis. the bacteriophage significantly inhibited growth of 58% of the washington state isolates and 54% of e. coli mastitis isolates from new york state, suggesting that the cocktail of phages had a relative ... | 2016 | 26774718 |
| prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in culled dairy cows at harvest. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145 (collectively ehec-6) plus ehec o157 in fecal, hide, and preintervention carcass surface samples from culled dairy cows. matched samples (n = 300) were collected from 100 cows at harvest and tested by a culture-based method and two molecular methods: neoseek stec (ns) and atlas stec eg2 combo. both the culture and ns methods can be used t ... | 2016 | 26939652 |
| streptococcus uberis strains isolated from the bovine mammary gland evade immune recognition by mammary epithelial cells, but not of macrophages. | streptococcus uberis is frequently isolated from the mammary gland of dairy cattle. infection with some strains can induce mild subclinical inflammation whilst others induce severe inflammation and clinical mastitis. we compared here the inflammatory response of primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbmec) towards s. uberis strains collected from clinical or subclinical cases (seven strains each) of mastitis with the strong response elicited by escherichia coli. neither heat inact ... | 2016 | 26738804 |
| an assessment of evidence data gaps in the investigation of possible transmission routes of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli from livestock to humans in the uk. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in both humans and animals. globally, there has been much research done regarding resistant bacteria in the livestock industry, but few published resources collate this information. this report discusses a risk assessment (ra) framework and subsequent analysis of data availability for amr in bacteria from 4 livestock sectors: dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs and poultry, with particular reference ... | 2016 | 26776885 |
| potential of lactic acid bacteria at regulating escherichia coli infection and inflammation of bovine endometrium. | about 40% of dairy cattle develop uterine disease during postpartum period, causing infertility. some studies indicate that uterine infection, predominantly by escherichia coli in the first week postpartum, is associated with metritis, an uterus inflammation in which the cow fails to completely clear bacterial contaminants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four lactic acid bacteria (lab) (lactobacillus rhamnosus, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus reuteri, and lactobac ... | 2016 | 26549120 |
| detection of genes encoding multidrug resistance and biofilm virulence factor in uterine pathogenic bacteria in postpartum dairy cows. | reckless use of antibiotics and/or development of biofilm are the rationale for the development of multidrug resistance (mdr) of pathogenic bacteria. the objective of the present study was to detect mdr genes in trueperella pyogenes and to detect biofilm virulence factor (vf) genes in escherichia coli isolated from the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. uterine secretions from different parity postpartum holstein cows (n = 40) were collected using cytobrush technique after a sterile procedure from ... | 2016 | 26534827 |
| quantitative assessment of antimicrobial resistance in livestock during the course of a nationwide antimicrobial use reduction in the netherlands. | to quantify associations between antimicrobial use and acquired resistance in indicator escherichia coli over a period of time which involved sector-wide antimicrobial use reductions in broilers and pigs (years 2004-14), veal calves (2007-14) and dairy cattle (2005-14). prevalence estimates of resistance were predicted for a hypothetical further decrease in antimicrobial use. | 2016 | 27585970 |
| assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and corn silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. | twenty-four multiparous holstein-friesian dairy cows were used in a replicated 3×3 latin square changeover design experiment to test the effects of changing from corn (zea mays) silage to red clover (trifolium pratense) silage in graded proportions on feed intakes, milk production, and whole-body n and p partitioning. three dietary treatments with ad libitum access to 1 of 3 forage mixtures plus a standard allowance of 4kg/d dairy concentrates were offered. the 3 treatment forage mixtures were, ... | 2016 | 27474976 |
| enrofloxacin in dairy cattle with escherichia coli mastitis. | 2016 | 27034300 | |
| relationship between escherichia coli virulence factors and postpartum metritis in dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to report the prevalence of escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows before the onset of postpartum metritis (ppm) and to quantify their association with subsequent occurrence of ppm, to quantify the association between the presence of genes encoding e. coli virulence factors (vf) and ppm, and to determine the accuracy of using early postpartum uterine bacteriology results (bacteria and vf) to identify cows at risk of ppm. ... | 2016 | 27016836 |
| factors associated with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli shedding by dairy and beef cattle. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. cattle are the primary reservoir for stec, and food or water contaminated with cattle feces is the most common source of infections in humans. consequently, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,096 cattle in six dairy herds (n = 718 animals) and five beef herds (n = 378 animals) in the summers of 2011 and 2012 to identify epidemiological factors ... | 2016 | 27342555 |
| evaluation of two multi-locus sequence typing schemes for commensal escherichia coli from dairy cattle in washington state. | multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) is a useful system for phylogenetic and epidemiological studies of multidrug-resistant escherichiacoli. most studies utilize a seven-locus mlst, but an alternate two-locus typing method (fumc and fimh; ch typing) has been proposed that may offer a similar degree of discrimination at lower cost. herein, we compare ch typing to the standard seven-locus method for typing commensal e. coli isolates from dairy cattle. in addition, we evaluated alternative combinatio ... | 2016 | 27001705 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 limits escherichia coli-induced inflammatory responses via attenuating myd88-dependent and myd88-independent pathway activation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. | intrauterine escherichia coli infection after calving reduces fertility and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. we investigated the protective effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 on e. coli-induced cell damage and inflammation in primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (beecs). l. rhamnosus gr-1 reduced ultrastructure alterations and the percentage of beecs apoptosis after e. coli challenge. increased messenger rna (mrna) expression of immune response indicat ... | 2016 | 27236308 |
| repeated intrauterine infusions of lipopolysaccharide alter gene expression and lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum. | inflammation of the uterus is associated with disturbed ovarian function and reduced reproductive performance in dairy cows. to investigate the influence of endometritis on the bovine corpus luteum, 8 heifers received intrauterine infusions with either phosphate-buffered saline (pbs; 9ml) or escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps; 3µg/kg of body weight diluted in 9ml of pbs) at 6-h intervals from 12h before and until 9d after ovulation during 2 cycles in a random order (ovulation=d 1). an untr ... | 2016 | 27179870 |
| randomized clinical trial comparing ceftiofur hydrochloride with a positive control protocol for intramammary treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to compare ceftiofur hydrochloride with a positive control protocol for intramammary treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. a total of 264 clinical mastitis cases on 11 commercial dairy farms were treated with intramammary infusions, once a day for 4 d using 1 of 2 treatments: (1) ceftiofur hydrochloride 125mg; or (2) control: tetracycline 200mg + neomycin 250mg + bacitracin 28mg + prednisolone 10mg. streptococcus agalactiae was the most frequentl ... | 2016 | 27157576 |
| surveillance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in dairy cattle farms in the nile delta, egypt. | industrial livestock farming is a possible source of multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) conferring resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins. limited information is currently available on the situation of esbl producers in livestock farming outside of western europe. a surveillance study was conducted from january to may in 2014 in four dairy cattle farms in different areas of the nile delta, egypt. | 2016 | 27458435 |
| short communication: iodine concentrations in serum, milk, and tears after feeding ascophyllum nodosum to dairy cows-a pilot study. | kelp (ascophyllum nodosum) is rich in iodine and often fed by organic dairy producers as a mineral supplement to support animal health. a commonly held belief is that kelp supplementation decreases susceptibility to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis due to increased iodine concentrations in tears. whereas serum and milk iodine concentrations are positively correlated and modulated by oral iodine supplementation, nothing is known about the iodine concentration of tears. therefore, the 3 obje ... | 2016 | 27448858 |
| longitudinal characterization of bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells from mid-gestation into subsequent lactation reveals nadir in phenotypic maturation and macrophage-like cytokine profile in late gestation. | changes in monocyte and dendritic cell populations during bovine pregnancy and lactation remain poorly described despite the key roles these cells play in immune tolerance and activation. using a prospective longitudinal study, we characterized cd14+ monocyte-derived dendritic cell (modc) differentiation and maturation and captured monocyte composition dynamics from mid-gestation through calving and into the subsequent lactation in dairy cows (n=7). first, we measured absolute counts of classica ... | 2016 | 27596279 |
| acute phase proteins as biomarkers of urinary tract infection in dairy cows: diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. | the aims of this study were to investigate the level of acute phase proteins in dairy cows with urinary tract infection (uti) and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value. eighty-four lactating cows with clinical and laboratory evidence of uti and 15 healthy controls were included in this study. serum samples were evaluated for the levels of haptoglobin (hp), serum amyloid a (saa), fibrinogen (fb), α1-acid glycoprotein (agp), total protein, and globulin. the diagnostic and prognostic pe ... | 2016 | 27348889 |
| influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on intramammary infection in dairy cows. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on bacterial intramammary infection (imi) in dairy cows. a total of 2,106 mastitis pathogens in 12 species were isolated from 125 dairy farms distributed in 30 different cities in china, and the information about these factors was recorded at the same time. mastitis pathogens were isolated from 63.43% of the milk samples, whereas streptococcus agalactiae accounted for ... | 2016 | 27265170 |
| phylogenomic approaches to determine the zoonotic potential of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from zambian dairy cattle. | this study assessed the prevalence and zoonotic potential of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) sampled from 104 dairy units in the central region of zambia and compared these with isolates from patients presenting with diarrhoea in the same region. a subset of 297 e. coli strains were sequenced allowing in silico analyses of phylo- and sero-groups. the majority of the bovine strains clustered in the b1 'commensal' phylogroup (67%) and included a diverse array of serogroups. 11% (41/3 ... | 2016 | 27220895 |
| short communication: antiviral activity of porcine ifn-λ3 against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro. | a new family of ifns called type iii ifn or ifn-λ has been described, and shown to induce antiviral activity against several viruses in the cell culture. in this study, the molecular cloning, expression, and antiporcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) activity of porcine ifn-λ3 (poifn-λ3) were reported. the full-length poifn-λ3 cdna sequence encoded 196 amino acids with a 23 amino acid signal peptide. sequence alignments showed that poifn-λ3 had an amino acid sequence similarity to ovis aries (78 ... | 2016 | 27470155 |
| short communication: the role of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) on antibiotic resistance regulation in an escherichia coli strain isolated from a dairy cow with mastitis. | extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-positive escherichia coli is a major etiological organism responsible for bovine mastitis. the autoinducer 2 (ai-2) quorum sensing system is widely present in many species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and has been proposed to be involved in interspecies communication. in e. coli model strains, the functional mechanisms of ai-2 have been well studied; however, in clinical antibiotic-resistant e. coli strains, whether ai-2 affects the expression ... | 2016 | 27060825 |
| in vitro assessment of the effects of temperature on phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in bovine polymorphonuclear cells. | heat stress exerts a direct negative effect on farm animal health, triggering physiological responses. environmental high temperature induces immunosuppression in dairy cows, increasing the risk of mastitis and milk somatic cell counts. the influence of heat stress on leukocytes activities has not been fully elucidated. the present in vitro study was aimed at assessing whether the exposure to temperature simulating conditions of severe whole body hyperthermia affects defensive functions of bovin ... | 2016 | 27863557 |
| impact of in vitro treatments of physiological levels of estradiol and progesterone observed in pregnancy on bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. | the specific factors which regulate differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells in bovine pregnancy remain unclear. we evaluated the influence of physiologically relevant in vitro treatments of progesterone (pg) and estradiol (e2) observed in late pregnancy on the differentiation and maturation of cd14+ monocyte-derived dendritic cell (modc) from non-pregnant, lactating dairy cows (n=7). we found that modc differentiated in the presence of both e2 and pg had impaired e. coli-induced phenot ... | 2016 | 27863548 |
| on-farm starling populations and other environmental and management factors associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant e. coli among dairy cattle in ohio. | wild birds that forage around livestock facilities have been implicated as vectors of antimicrobial resistant organisms. although antimicrobial resistant bacteria have been isolated from european starlings (sturnus vulgaris), their role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant elements in livestock facilities needs further investigation. to determine whether on-farm starling density and other factors were associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant e. coli among ... | 2016 | 27836033 |
| nutritional models of experimentally-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) differ in their impact on rumen and hindgut bacterial communities in dairy cows. | effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) challenges on the bacteria in rumen fluid, cecal digesta, and feces of dairy cows were determined using 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing and real-time quantitative pcr. six non-lactating holstein cows with cannulas in the rumen and cecum were used in a 3 × 3 latin square arrangement of treatments. during the first 3 wk of each experimental period, cows received a control diet containing 70% forages on a dry matter (dm) basis. in wk 4 of each period, cows r ... | 2016 | 28179895 |
| national survey of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli serotypes o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, o145, and o157 in australian beef cattle feces. | escherichia coli o157 and six non-o157 shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) serotypes (o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145, colloquially referred to as the "big 6") have been classified as adulterants of raw nonintact beef products in the united states. while beef cattle are a known reservoir for the prototype stec serotype, e. coli o157, less is known about the dissemination of non-o157 stec serotypes in australian cattle. in the present study, 1,500 fecal samples were collected at slaughter f ... | 2016 | 28221921 |
| the impact of intramammary escherichia coli challenge on liver and mammary transcriptome and cross-talk in dairy cows during early lactation using rnaseq. | our objective was to identify the biological response and the cross-talk between liver and mammary tissue after intramammary infection (imi) with escherichia coli (e. coli) using rnaseq technology. sixteen cows were inoculated with live e. coli into one mammary quarter at ~4-6 weeks in lactation. for all cows, biopsies were performed at -144, 12 and 24 h relative to imi in liver and at 24 h post-imi in infected and non-infected (control) mammary quarters. for a subset of cows (n = 6), rna was ex ... | 2016 | 27336699 |
| differential glucocorticoid-induced closure of the blood-milk barrier during lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | bacteria invading the mammary gland can cause pathogen-dependent differences in the permeability of the blood-milk barrier leading to the differential paracellular transfer of blood and milk components. glucocorticoids such as prednisolone (pred) are known to increase the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and quickly restore the decreased milk quality associated with mastitis. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of intramammary pred on the differential permeability of the blo ... | 2016 | 27372589 |
| use of rumination and activity monitoring for the identification of dairy cows with health disorders: part ii. mastitis. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the performance of an automated health-monitoring system (ahms) to identify cows with mastitis based on an alert system (health index score, his) that combines rumination time and physical activity; (2) the number of days between the first his alert and clinical diagnosis (cd) of mastitis by farm personnel; and (3) the daily rumination time, physical activity, and his patterns around cd. holstein cows (n=1,121; 451 nulliparous and 670 multiparous ... | 2016 | 27372584 |
| prevalence of bovine mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk in china. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the herd prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (btm) in china dairy herds, to determine the relationship between the presence of mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts (btscc), and to investigate the impact of different dairy cattle farming modes and region on bacterial species. btm samples collected from 894 dairy herds in china were examined for the presence of mastitis pathogens. the flinders technology associ ... | 2016 | 27187065 |
| the fecal microbial communities of dairy cattle shedding shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli or campylobacter jejuni. | cattle are a natural reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and have recently been recognized as a major source of campylobacter jejuni contamination. while several factors are known to be associated with bacterial colonization, the underlying microbial factors have not been clarified. in this study, we characterized the fecal microbiota of dairy cattle (n = 24) using next-generation sequencing to elucidate the intestinal bacterial communities and the microbial diversity in r ... | 2016 | 27385033 |
| a longitudinal cohort study of acute puerperal metritis cases in swedish dairy cows. | acute puerperal metritis affects cows during the early postpartum period and causes fever, fetid vaginal discharge and general depression. the disease is severe and treatment with antimicrobials is often required. this study followed 79 swedish dairy cows with acute puerperal metritis with registered treatment and outcome in terms of recovery. bacteria isolated from the uterus and their susceptibility to penicillin were studied. clinical cases were assigned by participating practitioners who exa ... | 2016 | 27832812 |
| occurrence, genotyping, shiga toxin genes and associated risk factors of e. coli isolated from dairy farms, handlers and milk consumers. | the objectives of the current study were to determine the occurrence and genotypes of e. coli in dairy farms, workers and milk consumers and to evaluate risk factors associated with contamination of milk in dairy farms. molecular characterization of shiga toxin associated genes and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr (eric-pcr) finger printing of e. coli from different sources were also studied. paired milk samples and rectal swabs from 125 dairy cows, rectal swabs from 82 calves ... | 2016 | 27810218 |
| evaluation of an on-farm culture system (accumast) for fast identification of milk pathogens associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | the present study aimed evaluate an on-farm culture system for identification of milk pathogens associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows using two different gold standard approaches: standard laboratory culture in study 1 and 16s rrna sequencing in study 2. in study 1, milk from mastitic quarters (i.e. presence of flakes, clots, or serous milk; n = 538) was cultured on-farm using a single plate containing three selective chromogenic media (accumast-fera animal health lcc, ithaca, ny) and ... | 2016 | 27176216 |
| meta-analysis of transcriptional responses to mastitis-causing escherichia coli. | bovine mastitis is a widespread disease in dairy cows, and is often caused by bacterial mammary gland infection. mastitis causes reduced milk production and leads to excessive use of antibiotics. we present meta-analysis of transcriptional profiles of bovine mastitis from 10 studies and 307 microarrays, allowing identification of much larger sets of affected genes than any individual study. combining multiple studies provides insight into the molecular effects of escherichia coli infection in vi ... | 2016 | 26933871 |
| carbapenem-resistant bacteria recovered from faeces of dairy cattle in the high plains region of the usa. | a study was conducted to recover carbapenem-resistant bacteria from the faeces of dairy cattle and identify the underlying genetic mechanisms associated with reduced phenotypic susceptibility to carbapenems. | 2016 | 26824353 |
| comparison of vaginal microbial community structure in healthy and endometritis dairy cows by pcr-dgge and real-time pcr. | the normal vaginal microflora provides protection against infections of the reproductive tract. previous studies have focused on the isolation and screening of probiotic strains from the vagina of cows; however, the vaginal microflora of postpartum cows is poorly characterized. the present study was conducted to evaluate and characterize the vaginal microflora of healthy postpartum cows in relation to postpartum cows with endometritis by using pcr followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophore ... | 2016 | 26551525 |