| viral-bacterial pneumonia in calves: effects on plasma eicosanoids and long chain fatty acids. | in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, immunodepression induced by stress or respiratory viral infection permits superinfection of the lungs with pasteurella hemolytica, which results in exudative fibrinous pneumonia. therefore, bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis was induced by sequential inoculations of calves with bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1, 3 x 10(7) tissue culture infectious dose 50 (tcid50)/nostril), followed 3 days later by challenge with p. hemolytica (15 x 10(9) colony-fo ... | 1987 | 3036736 |
| the genome of caprine herpesvirus 1: genome structure and relatedness to bovine herpesvirus 1. | caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1) dna was examined by electron microscopy, restriction site mapping and homology studies with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) dna. although the restriction site maps differed significantly, we showed that the genome structures of caphv-1 and bhv-1 were identical and that the dnas shared a high degree of base sequence homology. | 1987 | 3037021 |
| protection of cattle from bovine herpesvirus type i (bhv-1) infection by immunization with individual viral glycoproteins. | the major glycoproteins gi, giii, and giv of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) were found to induce high levels of antibody in cattle which could neutralize virus and participate in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity of bhv-1-infected cells. immunized animals were fully protected from disease, using a bhv-1/pasteurella haemolytica aerosol challenge model but not from infection with the virus. thus, virus could still replicate in the nasal passages of immunized animals, although to a lesser extent t ... | 1987 | 3037783 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 nucleic acid sequences, using a dot-blot hybridization procedure. | a sensitive and specific procedure for the detection of argentine isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1 was developed. the procedure was based on a dot-blot, nucleic acid hybridization, using 32p, nick-translated, plasmidic probes. the probes contained cloned bam h1 restriction fragments in the left half of the viral genome. the detection limit of the procedure was 10 pg of viral dna. | 1987 | 3037953 |
| use of recombinant bovine alpha 1 interferon in reducing respiratory disease induced by bovine herpesvirus type 1. | intranasal or intramuscular treatment of calves with recombinant bovine alpha 1 interferon before challenge with bovine herpesvirus type 1 and pasteurella haemolytica reduced clinical signs, number of sick days, lung lesions, and weight loss. the effective dose was determined to be relatively broad within the range of 1 to 50 mg per animal. no adverse effects were observed even at high doses of interferon (50 mg per animal). administration before virus infection was more effective than administr ... | 1987 | 3038008 |
| elisa for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) antibody with hirt supernatant. | detailed studies were made of the ability of hirt supernatant (hs) from bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) infected cultures to sensitize plates for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the ultracentrifuged pellet of hs had less sensitizing activity than the supernatant, but the antigen was removed completely by 0.22 micron filters and to some extent by 0.45 micron filters; it was minimally affected by sonication; it was destroyed by the action of pronase but not by dnaase i when a kallikrein ina ... | 1987 | 3038916 |
| [bhv-1 infection of cattle: stabilization by active immunization of seropositive animals with inactivated vaccine--a field trial]. | | 1987 | 3040371 |
| comparison of five cell lines for the propagation of bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses. | a comparative study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of 5 different cell types to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) viruses. the cell systems used were swine testicle (st), mink lung (ml), bovine turbinate (bt), porcine kidney (pk15) and equine dermal (ed) cells. for bvd virus, the titers obtained on day 8 post-infection were 10(1.13), 10(3.25), 10(4.13), 10(0.00) and 10(0.00), in st, ml, bt, pk15 and ed cells, respectively. for the ibr virus, ... | 1987 | 3041184 |
| [evaluation of synthetic activity of lymphocyte nucleoli and phagocytic activity in peripheral blood leukocytes in heifers after infection with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus]. | the biosynthetic activity of the nucleoli of peripheral blood lymphocytes in calves, and the proportion of lymphocytes with the micronucleoli, with compact and ring-shaped nucleoli, were evaluated after experimental intranasal and intratracheal infections with the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus. ibr virus belongs to the group of herpes viruses, the control of which is dominated by cellular immunity. the results are compared with the values for phagocytizing neutrophils, phagocytic ... | 1987 | 3122402 |
| prevalence and specificity of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sera from feedlot and range cattle. | the specificity of serum antibodies for the polypeptides of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was examined, using sera obtained from feedlot and range cattle. test results in sera from feedlot cattle indicated a 60% rate of seroconversion and 95% seropositivity to brsv, associated with lack of clinical signs indicative of respiratory tract disease. exposure to other common respiratory tract viruses also was high (greater than or equal to 92% to bovine herpesvirus type 1, bovine viral dia ... | 1988 | 3178027 |
| reproductive difficulties in cattle with antibody titers to haemophilus somnus. | a herd of holstein cows was examined because of suspected embryonic death. four cows had embryonic loss, and 2 cows had aborted. paired serum samples were tested for antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and haemophilus somnus. of 16 cows, 8 had antibody titers to h somnus greater than 1:1,024, and 3 had greater than or equal to four-fold changes in antibody titers to h somnus. haemophilus somnus infection was active in this herd and may have been re ... | 1988 | 3192475 |
| nitrogen kinetics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-stressed calves. | eight crossbred feeder steers were used in two consecutive n balance studies to investigate the effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) on n kinetics. balance study 1, which followed a 10-d acclimation phase, consisted of 7 d of sample collection referred to as the healthy phase (d -7 to d -1). study 2, the ibrv-infected phase, began 2 d after a nasal ibrv challenge and continued for 6 d (d 2 to d 8). a stable isotope, [15n]-glycine, was used to determine n kinetics in both stu ... | 1988 | 3209506 |
| activation of protein breakdown and prostaglandin e2 production in rat skeletal muscle in fever is signaled by a macrophage product distinct from interleukin 1 or other known monokines. | during sepsis or after injection of endotoxin into rats, there is a large increase in muscle protein breakdown and prostaglandin e2 (peg2) production. prior studies showed that partially purified interleukin 1 (il-1) from human monocytes can stimulate these processes when added to isolated rat muscles. the availability of pure recombinant il-1 and other monokines has allowed us to investigate the identity of the active agent in this process. incubation of muscles with recombinant human or murine ... | 1988 | 3284911 |
| efficacy of a streptomycin-dependent, live pasteurella haemolytica vaccine against challenge exposure to pasteurella haemolytica in cattle. | a streptomycin-dependent, live pasteurella haemolytica vaccine was given in 1 or 2 doses to 2 groups of weaned calves; 2 other groups of calves were not vaccinated. all calves in the vaccinated groups and calves in 1 of the nonvaccinated groups were stressed by transport, intratracheally inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1 (cooper strain), and then intratracheally inoculated with p haemolytica type a1. the 4th group of calves (nonvaccinated controls) was not stressed and were not intratrac ... | 1987 | 3296883 |
| vaccination studies against experimental bovine pasteurella pneumonia. | vaccination-challenge experiments were conducted in colostrum-deprived calves to evaluate the efficacy of pasteurella bacterins and vaccines against experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis. calves were vaccinated with formalin-killed bacterins and live vaccines, then challenge exposed intratracheally with p. haemolytica or p. multocida. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was inoculated intranasally three to four days prior to p. haemolytica challenge-exposure. all calves were examined for mac ... | 1987 | 3300921 |
| validation of disease diagnoses reported to the national animal health monitoring system from a large colorado beef feedlot. | clinical observation and collection of biological specimens from a large beef feedlot (approximately 30,0000 animals) were used to evaluate 6 approaches for validation of a disease reporting system. data collected during a 12-month period were used to evaluate each approach. a subsample of disease cases reported to the national animal health monitoring system (nahms) was compared with the clinical observations of the investigators. although the agreement between clinical diagnosis by the nahms v ... | 1988 | 3372333 |
| early embryonic death in heifers after inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 and reactivation of latent virus in reproductive tissues. | thirteen crossbred heifers seronegative for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) were bred naturally to a seronegative bull. eight heifers were inoculated with bhv-1, iv, on postbreeding day (pbd) 7 or 14. viremia was detected in heifers 1 through 7, and virus also was isolated from nasal and vaginal secretions of heifers 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. the pregnancy status of all heifers was monitored from pbd 14 to pbd 35 by determining plasma progesterone concentrations at 1- to 3-day intervals. decreased progest ... | 1987 | 3434897 |
| cytotoxicity of bovine lymphocytes after treatment with lymphokines. | cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes after in vitro stimulation with lymphokines that contained interleukin-2. lymphokine-stimulated cultures were cytotoxic to k562 cells (human natural killer [nk] targets) and yac-1 cells (mouse nk targets), but not to hsb-2 cells (human nk targets) in a 4-hour, 51cr-release assay. cells generated after lymphokine activation also mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to hsb-2 cells. appearance of e ... | 1986 | 3488701 |
| bovine peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulation dynamics following a primary bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. | population dynamics of bovine peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations were quantitated following a primary bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) infection. percoll isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) subpopulations were analyzed using flow cytometry (fc) and cytochemical stains. between days two to eight post-infection (pi) there was a significant decrease in the percentage of t-cells and nont/nonb cells which was accompanied by an increased percentage of b-cells and monocytes. these perc ... | 1987 | 3509948 |
| t lymphocyte population dynamics and function following a primary bovine herpesvirus type-1 infection. | following a primary bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) infection the concanavalin a (con a) induced proliferative responses of peripheral blood t lymphocytes were suppressed. this suppression occurred in the absence of detectible serum suppressor factors, suppressor cell activity or decreased accessory cell function. however, regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the percentage of t lymphocytes present within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) population and the ... | 1987 | 3509949 |
| diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections improved by virus detection in lung lavage samples. | the potential of lung lavage to diagnose and study infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was investigated. the technique was simple to perform under field conditions, and even in calves with respiratory tract disease, serious drawbacks were not observed. in 9 epizootics of respiratory tract disease, brsv infection was diagnosed in 1 or more calves. the brsv was detected from a total of 21 of 32 calves by immunofluorescence in cells recovered from lavage fluids, and the virus ... | 1986 | 3511803 |
| effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection on bovine airway reactivity. | the response of isolated tracheal and bronchial strips to isoproterenol in vitro was studied in eleven male jersey calves. clinical, microbiological and pathological evaluations of the calves were carried out. in calves exposed once or twice to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, the relaxation threshold of the trachealis muscle to isoproterenol was significantly (p less than 0.05) impaired (threshold 5.0 x 10(-7) m, single exposure and 1.0 x 10(-7) m, double exposure), when compared with u ... | 1987 | 3651887 |
| effect of dexamethasone on bovine leukocyte functions and bovine herpesvirus type-1 replication. | in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism whereby dexamethasone could reactivate bovine herpesvirus type-1 the effect of dexamethasone on virus replication and leukocyte functions was assessed. no effect was detectable on either virus yield or in vitro replication kinetics. in contrast, dexamethasone influenced several leukocyte functions thought to be of importance in antiviral defense and maintenance of latency. in vitro exposure of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes o ... | 1987 | 3651888 |
| influence of induced disease states on the disposition kinetics of imidocarb in goats. | the influence of fever, induced by different agents, on the disposition kinetics of imidocarb was determined in goats. escherichia coli endotoxin (0.2 microgram/kg), trypanosoma evansi (10(7) in 1 ml sterile glucose citrate), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (10(6.5)tcid50) were the agents administered to induce the febrile state. in control and febrile animals the two-compartment model was used to describe the disposition kinetics of the drug. fever caused significant changes to occu ... | 1986 | 3014166 |
| [bvd (bovine virus diarrhea) and ibr (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis): serologic studies on 35 farms]. | 1099 female cattle from 35 farms in the provinces of north brabant, gelderland and overijssel were examined for the presence of antibodies against bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) by serum neutralisation tests. one of the farms examined was seronegative for bvd and 11 farms were seronegative for ibr. on the seropositive farms about 50% of cattle carrying their first calf had not experienced infection i.e. were seronegative (bvd 51.2%, ibr 48.3%). after cal ... | 1986 | 3027917 |
| an evaluation of five serological tests for the detection of antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 in vaccinated and experimentally infected cattle. | more than 300 bovine sera from a previously reported vaccination and challenge trial were tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) by five serological assays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for igm and igg, passive haemagglutination (pha), and two methods of virus neutralisation (vn). in a statistical comparison of elisa (igg), pha and vn results, the assays showed highly significant correlations (p less than 0.01). the sensitivities of elisa and 24-hour neutralisation tes ... | 1986 | 3027800 |
| study on the etiologic role of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in pneumonia of dairy calves. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was the viral agent most commonly identified in 14 epizootics of pneumonia in dairy calves. a microtiter serum-virus neutralization test proved to be the best means of identifying involvement of brsv; seroconversion (fourfold or greater rise in titer) was demonstrated in 10 of the 14 epizootics. only limited involvement of bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, and bovine adenovirus type 3 was recogni ... | 1986 | 3733504 |
| colonization of the nasal passages of calves with pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 and regeneration of colonization after experimentally induced viral infection of the respiratory tract. | healthy nonstressed calves were inoculated intranasally with or subjected to aerosol exposure to pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. only 4 of 28 calves harbored the bacterium in enough numbers to be isolated from the nasal passages for more than 7 days. after apparent clearing from the nasal passages, 8 calves were inoculated intranasally with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus; 2 of these calves shed the p haemolytica during clinical illness due to the virus. the remaining 20 calves were ... | 1986 | 3752678 |
| serologic survey of viral antibodies in the peruvian alpaca (lama pacos). | sera from more than 100 alpacas (lama pacos) from the peruvian southern sierra were examined for antibodies to 8 viruses known to infect other domestic animals. on the basis of these serologic findings and previously published serologic or clinical data, it is now known that the alpaca can be infected with the following viruses: parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bluetongue virus, border disease virus, influenza a virus, rotavirus, rabies virus, vesicular ... | 1987 | 3826854 |
| clinical and experimental modifications of plasma iron and zinc concentrations in cattle. | plasma iron and zinc concentrations were studied in pyrexic cattle or in cattle experimentally infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or escherichia coli endotoxin. plasma iron and zinc levels tended to decline in the animals given endotoxin and in the pyrexic cattle, but the plasma iron level was only modified after experimental infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection. these changes were not always related to pyrexia. plasma iron and zinc concentrations taken together may be ... | 1985 | 3890352 |
| preliminary studies with a live streptomycin-dependent pasteurella multocida and pasteurella haemolytica vaccine for the prevention of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. | twelve pasteurella-free holstein-friesian calves were used in a study to test the efficacy of a live streptomycin-dependent pasteurella multocida a:3 and streptomycin-dependent pasteurella haemolytica a1 vaccine. the calves were inoculated intramuscularly twice at 14-day intervals with either the streptomycin-dependent vaccine, containing 1 x 10(6) colony forming units/ml p. multocida and 4 x 10(8) colony forming units/ml p. haemolytica, commercial bacterin, or phosphate buffered saline. two wee ... | 1985 | 3907804 |
| serum complement-fixing antibody to pasteurella haemolytica a1 and its effect on experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves. | ninety-three calves comprising 16 experimental groups were exposed to viral (bovine herpesvirus-1 or parainfluenza-3 virus) and pasteurella haemolytica aerosols. serum samples from these calves were tested before and after exposure for antibodies to p haemolytica by a modified direct complement-fixation test. at slaughter of the calves, the extent of pneumonia produced was estimated for each calf and compared with the results of the modified direct complement-fixation tests. the extent of pneumo ... | 1985 | 3909862 |
| parasites, diseases, and health status of sympatric populations of fallow deer and white-tailed deer in kentucky. | in august 1983, a study on parasites, diseases, and health status was conducted on sympatric populations of fallow deer (dama dama) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from land between the lakes, lyon and trigg counties, kentucky. five adult deer of each species were studied. white-tailed deer had antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) virus and leptospira interogans serovariety icterohemorrhagiae, and fallow deer had antibodies to bluetongue and ehd viruses. serologic tes ... | 1985 | 3999248 |
| morphometric studies of the bovine uterus: microscopic lesions and retrospective reproductive history. | a survey of reproductive tracts from nonpregnant cows at an abattoir was conducted. reproductive tracts from 98 cows were studied microscopically and evaluated with a grading system to determine the severity of pathologic changes. inflammatory reaction (type and distribution), fibrosis, gland morphology, and appearance were measured, quantified, and scored (1 to 4). category 1 endometrium (normal) was found in 18 cows, category 2 in 23, category 3 in 34, and category 4 in 23. the category of end ... | 1985 | 4083598 |
| isolation and characterization of a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated with enteritis in cattle: isolation, serologic characterization, and induction of the experimental disease. | | 1966 | 4291326 |
| isolation and characterization of a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated with enteritis in cattle: pathogenesis studies by fluorescent antibody tracing. | | 1966 | 4291328 |
| viral respiratory infection in commercial feedlot cattle. | | 1967 | 4291850 |
| complications in cattle following vaccination with a combined bovine viral diarrhea-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine. | | 1968 | 4297313 |
| [epizootiology and prevention, in the territory of the federal republic of germany, of virus diseases of cattle affecting the mucous membranes]. | | 1966 | 4298152 |
| probable occurrence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in tanzania in wildlife and cattle. | | 1970 | 4312880 |
| respiratory viruses of cattle. | | 1971 | 4335759 |
| a micro-passive hemagglutination test for the rapid detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | serum antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus are most commonly detected using the serum-virus-neutralization test, a time-consuming and expensive procedure. a passive hemagglutination test was developed for the rapid detection of antibodies using the microtiter system. two cloned strains of the virus were used in the investigation, namely the bf strain and the los angeles strain. erythrocytes from several species were used. the best results were obtained using the los angeles stra ... | 1971 | 4338673 |
| role of cell-mediated immunity in the recovery of cattle from primary and recurrent infections with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | when cattle infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) were treated 3 months later with a synthetic corticosteroid, consistent recrudescence of the infection was observed. suppression of cell-mediated immunity, as measured by lymphocyte transformation responses, could be demonstrated at the time of recrudescence. treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone and trigeminal neurotomy also resulted in recrudescence of ibrv, but immunosuppression was not detected in these animals. th ... | 1973 | 4355136 |
| virus isolations from cases of infectious bovine pustlo-vulvovaginitis and posthitis (ipv/ipb) in cattle in tanzania. | | 1974 | 4378003 |
| comparative studies of strains of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus isolated from latently infected calves. | three strains (479 c, 778 tl, 982 le) of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus isolated from latently infected calves were compared with the prototype strain of ibr virus (la strain) in studies which included restriction endonuclease analysis, experimental infection, and reciprocal cross protection tests in cattle. from the restriction endonuclease analysis it appeared that the 3 "latent" viruses were derived from the same isolate, and that it differed slightly from the la strain. howeve ... | 1984 | 6086223 |
| serologic cross-reaction between bovine herpesviruses 1 and 4 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | reciprocal cross-titrations using constant concentrations of bovine antiserum (1: 100) to either bovine herpesvirus (bhv) 1 or bhv 4 (obtained from controlled infection status) against varying concentrations of both viral antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) indicated a subtle difference between the antigenic composition of these 2 agents. although control antiserum consistently yielded higher elisa titers against homologous viral antigen, a considerable cross-reactivity between ... | 1984 | 6087088 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in quebec. | serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of quebec from june to august 1982. sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. the prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine vira ... | 1984 | 6089626 |
| the possible role of stress in the induction of pneumonic pasteurellosis. | five groups of range bred calves (four calves per group) were used to investigate the effect of stress on susceptibility to aerosol exposures with bovine herpesvirus-1 or pasteurella haemolytica. twelve calves were weaned, transported, processed at a commercial feedlot and transported to isolation facilities three days later. an aerosol challenge of either 10 colony forming units of p. haemolytica or 10 plaque forming units of bovine herpesvirus-1 virus was given to two groups of calves and the ... | 1984 | 6089981 |
| antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against ibr-infected bovine kidney cells by ruminant neutrophils: the role of lysosomal cationic protein. | antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr)-infected bovine kidney cells (mdbk) by neutrophils was demonstrated. neutrophils from bovine and sheep mammary exudate and peripheral blood, and also from human peripheral blood, were all active in the presence of anti-ibr antibody. the component of the ruminant neutrophil granules which was responsible for cytotoxicity appeared to be cationic protein since purified cationic protein lysed the virus-in ... | 1984 | 6092270 |
| the antiviral spectrum of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | the antiviral activity spectrum of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) is not restricted to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) but also encompasses several other herpesviruses such as suid herpesvirus type 1 (shv-1), bovid herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), simian varicella virus (svv), herpesvirus saimiri, herpesvirus platyrrhinae, and the baculovirus trichoplusia ni multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus. other herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus type 2, ... | 1984 | 6092320 |
| failure to demonstrate infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus reactivation in parturient cows. | | 1984 | 6093324 |
| the effect of some common inactivation procedures on the antigens of bovine herpesvirus 1. | bovine embryonic kidney cells were infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) or were sham-inoculated. when cytopathic effect was apparent, the cells were treated with beta-propiolactone, formalin, heat (56 degrees c), or ultraviolet irradiation until the virus was inactivated. infected-treated, infected-untreated (iu) and sham-inoculated cultures were solubilized using triton x-100 detergent. resulting preparations were tested by 2-dimensional- and fused rocket-immunoelectrophoresis and were eva ... | 1984 | 6093334 |
| bovine interleukin 2 (il-2) production and activity on bovine and murine cell lines. | long-term growth of t cell cultures requires addition of interleukin 2 (il-2). in order to maintain bovine cultures, optimal conditions for bovine il-2 production were defined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm). irradiation and preculture enhanced il-2 production possibly by reducing suppressor activity. il-2 activity was also detected in bovine herpesvirus type 1-stimulated cultures. unlike mitogen-stimulated cultures, a wide variation in il-2 activity was seen between supernatants ... | 1984 | 6093342 |
| in utero infection of swine fetuses with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpesvirus-1). | the pathogenesis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus (bovine herpesvirus-1) was studied in porcine fetuses after in utero inoculation. laparotomies were performed on 8 seronegative pregnant sows at 34 to 86 days of gestation, and all fetuses in 1 uterine horn of each sow were exposed to ibr virus via inoculation into the amniotic sacs. fetuses in the other horn served as controls. clinical signs of infection were not observed in the sows, except for 2 sows that aborted at postinocul ... | 1984 | 6093638 |
| specificity of pseudorabies virus serotests. | pigs experimentally inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1 or equine herpesvirus-1 developed mild clinical disease signs. regression of clinical disease was accompanied by development of specific virus-neutralizing antibodies. these antibodies did not react positively with pseudorabies antigens in the serum-virus neutralization test, an indirect radioimmunoassay, or a microimmunodiffusion test. | 1984 | 6098206 |
| [infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpesvirus l): biochemical aspects]. | the biochemical characteristics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpes-virus 1, bhv 1) are reviewed: description of the virion particle and virus purification, analysis of structural and non structural proteins, nucleic acid properties, restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral dna. the authors emphasize the biochemical methods able to insure a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of bhv 1 and of its latency; also to develop biochemical weapons against the i ... | 1984 | 6099078 |
| [infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (vhb-1). ii. physico-chemical properties of strain l-114]. | the thermal stability, density gradient and morphological features of a recently isolated l-114 strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were determined. morphology studies showed an enveloped virus with 200 nm of total diameter, a core diameter of 90 nm and an icosaedral-type structure; purified preparations contained both complete and empty viral particles. more than 90% of the infectivity was lost after 15 hours at 37 degrees c; at 56 degrees c, inactivation was much faster, with a 3 ... | 1982 | 6100998 |
| [standardization of a microtechnic for passive hemagglutination to detect antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis]. | a micromethod for passive hemagglutination is described for the detection of ibr antibodies in serum samples of nine herds. the samples correspond to different zones of the province buenos aires. in animals without clinical signs the proportion of positives was 43.60%; in herds with signs consistent with the disease, this value attained 66.4% positivity (tables 1 and 2). the feasibility of this method is discussed. some variants introduced into the original technique are described. | 1984 | 6101039 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in alaskan wildlife. | antibodies to brucella spp. were detected in sera of seven of 67 (10%) caribou (rangifer tarandus), one of 39 (3%) moose (alces alces), and six of 122 (5%) grizzly bears (ursus arctos). antibodies to leptospira spp. were found in sera of one of 61 (2%) caribou, one of 37 (3%) moose, six of 122 (5%) grizzly bears, and one of 28 (4%) black bears (ursus americanus). antibodies to contagious ecthyma virus were detected in sera of seven of 17 (41%) dall sheep (ovis dalli) and five of 53 (10%) caribou ... | 1983 | 6139490 |
| neutrophils in antiviral immunity: inhibition of virus replication by a mediator produced by bovine neutrophils. | neutrophils collected from bovine mammary glands were placed in culture with virus-infected cell preparations that had been inactivated by ultraviolet light. upon culture with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus-infected georgia bovine kidney cells, a material was released from the neutrophils that, like interferon, inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and ibr virus. cell-free ibr virus was a less effective inducer of the inhibitor produced by neutrophils. other herp ... | 1980 | 6154112 |
| levamisole and bovine immunity: in vitro and in vivo effects on immune responses to herpesvirus immunization. | levamisole was shown to enhance in vitro blastogenic responses of bovine lymphocytes to nonspecific mitogens (phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen) as well as to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and purified protein derivative. greatest enhancement was observed at suboptimal concentrations of viral antigen. in addition to enhancing lymphocyte reactivity levamisole also affected macrophage activity as determined by increased fc receptor activity and [3h]glucosamine incorporation. levami ... | 1981 | 6174193 |
| susceptibility of bovine macrophages to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection. | infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus replicated in cultured bovine alveolar macrophages (am). however, yields of infectious virus were low, with maximum titers approximately 100 times that of the residual inoculum. immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies indicated that the majority of macrophages produced viral antigen, but after infection at a multiplicity of 0.1, only 4.1% of am produced infectious centers. virus-infected am culture supernatants possessed interfering activity, p ... | 1982 | 6175574 |
| duration of protection of calves against rhinovirus challenge exposure by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-induced interferon in nasal secretions. | six calves inoculated intranasally with a vaccinal strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus and 6 control calves were given a placebo. all calves were subsequently challenge exposed (by aerosol) with rhinovirus--3 of the calves from each group at 2 days after they were inoculated with ibr virus or with placebo and the remaining calves at 6 days. nasal excretion of viruses, interferon (ifn) concentrations in nasal secretions (ns), and neutralizing antibody in sera and ns were deter ... | 1982 | 6178325 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 vaccination against experimental bovine herpesvirus-1 and pasteurella haemolytica respiratory tract infection: onset of protection. | the onset of protection offered by intranasal vaccination with attenuated bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) was studied in 18 calves given a virulent bhv-1 aerosol challenge inoculum and an aerosol challenge exposure to pasteurella haemolytica. calves challenge exposed with virus 3, 7, 11, 15, or 19 days after vaccination and challenge exposed 4 days later with pasteurella haemolytica did not develop viral-bacterial pneumonia, whereas 2 of 3 control calves died of fibrinous bronchopneumonia 40 and 60 ... | 1982 | 6183996 |
| [interferon induction in calves after experimental infection with bovine herpesvirus 1]. | a total of 9 calves were used to test the interferon-inducing activity of strain vulchedrum of the bovid herpes virus 1. the virus of stomatitis vesiculosa adapted to cell cultures of calf kidney was used as an indicator of interferon. the antiviral action of interferon was demonstrated in the serum and the nose discharge of calves. the dynamics of interferon production in calves varied, depending on the venous, muscular, and tracheal route of application of the virus. highest interferon titer i ... | 1982 | 6188269 |
| antiviral effects of bovine interferons on bovine respiratory tract viruses. | the antiviral effects of bovine interferons on the replication of bovine respiratory tract viruses were studied. bovine turbinate monolayer cultures were treated with bovine interferons and challenged with several bovine herpesvirus 1 strains, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza type 3 virus, goat respiratory syncytial virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine adenovirus type 7, or vesicular stomatitis virus. treatment with bovine interferons reduced viral yield for each of these ... | 1984 | 6201505 |
| neutralizing determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies on polypeptides specified by bovine herpesvirus 1. | monoclonal antibodies were used to study neutralizing determinants on polypeptides of bovine herpesvirus 1. two of three monoclonal antibodies which recognized nonoverlapping epitopes on a glycoprotein of 82,000 daltons were found to neutralize. a second group of monoclonal antibodies that individually precipitated five viral glycopolypeptides ranging in size from 102,000 to 55,000 daltons also neutralized. two monoclonal antibodies which were the most efficient in neutralization recognized a no ... | 1984 | 6208375 |
| cross-reactions of bovine herpesvirus 1 antigens with those of other cattle herpesviruses. | bovine embryonic kidney cells were infected with bovine herpesviruses (bhv1, 2, or 3), suid herpesvirus 1 (shv1), or were sham-inoculated. when cytopathic effect was apparent, the cells were solubilized using triton x-100 detergent. resulting antigen preparations were tested by 2-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis using bovine fetal serum and antisera directed against bhv1, bhv2, bhv3, shv1 or a restricted spectrum of bhv1 antigens. interaction of bhv1 antiserum with bhv1 antigen preparations res ... | 1984 | 6208673 |
| [protective action of inactivated adjuvant ibr vaccine against experimental infection in cattle]. | | 1980 | 6243812 |
| a seroepidemiologic survey of three pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations in southeastern idaho, 1975-1977. | sera from 104 adult and 42 fawn pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) from southeastern idaho were tested against selected livestock pathogens. the numbers positive/numbers tested (% positive) were as follows: bovine virus diarrhea - adults 2/102 (2), fawns 0/41 (0);; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - adults 27/101 (27), fawns 9/42 (22); parainfluenza 3 - adults 79/104 (76), fawns 22/42 (52); bovine adenovirus 7 - adults 42/103 (41), fawns 20/48 (48); bovine adenovirus 3 - adults 11/32 (3 ... | 1980 | 6246285 |
| evaluation of the rabbit as a laboratory model for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection. | experimental infection of rabbits with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) produced diverse manifestations of disease which included abortion, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, vulvovaginitis, systemic infection, neonatal death and respiratory tract infection. each disease syndrome was studied using virus isolation, fluorescent antibody examination and histologic examination. conjunctivitis, dermatitis and vulvovaginitis lesions were characterized by edema, infiltration of mucosa and submuc ... | 1980 | 6247121 |
| rapid onset of immunity in cattle after intramuscular injection of a modified-live-virus ibr vaccine. | | 1980 | 6254226 |
| the prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in scotland. | the prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in 1152 serum samples from adult cattle in 114 dairy and beef herds in different regions of scotland was 12%. in the grampian region, the number of seropositive cattle in the self-contained herds was significantly less (p less than 0.01) than in the "other" herds. holstein cattle had been introduced into five of these "other" herds, and significantly more (p less than 0.01) of the samples from these five h ... | 1981 | 6257782 |
| [antigen isolation and the applicability of a microvariant of the complement fixation reaction in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis]. | comparative investigations were carried out on 3 ibr cellular cultural antigens with regard to the cf-micromethod, produced by different methods. the best qualities with regard to sensitivity and specificity were reached by the antigen concentrated by ultracentrifuging. high coincidence rate was observed in discovering ibr antibodies in the blood serums of cows through the cf and vnr tests--96% of the positive and negative results although the cf reaction showed lower sensitivity. a conclusion w ... | 1980 | 6261439 |
| induction of persistent infection in mice and oncogenic transformation of mouse macrophages with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) established long-term persistent infection in intracerebrally inoculated athymic nude mice. after intraperitoneal injection into outbred mice, virus was isolated for only 3 days from spleens and livers. in vitro inoculation of outbred mouse spleen fragments with ibrv resulted in persistent infection and subsequent transformation of spleen macrophages. the ibrv-specific membrane and intracellular antigens were detected by indirect immunofluorescence ... | 1981 | 6266290 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 1 in the sperm of a bull from a herd with fertility problems. | a herd of 125 holstein cows manifested fertility problems for two years. the number of services per pregnancy was 2.97, conception rate was 33% after the first service, and the average number of open days was 127. abortions occurred in four cows over the last 12 months. the herd was not vaccinated against any disease. natural service by a bull and artificial insemination were used for breeding the cows. bovine herpesvirus type 1 was demonstrated in sperm heads from the bull by direct and indirec ... | 1980 | 6266630 |
| recrudescence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and associated neural changes in calves treated with dexamethasone. | reactivation of infection bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus in calves administered dexamethasone (dm) was studied in 2 experiments. at 2, 3, 5, 15, or 30 months after inoculation of the los angeles strain of ibr virus, iv injections of dm were given for 5 consecutive days to induce a recurrent infection (experiment 1). three months after the 1st treatment, a 2nd recurrent infection was induced, using dm with the same doses as used in experiment 1. the virus was excreted from nasal secretions fr ... | 1981 | 6267968 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial agents in mammals from alberta, 1976. | blood samples were taken from humans and several species of free-ranging wild mammals from five different geographic areas of alberta, canada. sera were tested for antibody to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus, western equine encephalitis (wee) virus, st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus, powassan (pow) virus, the snowshoe hare (ssh) strain of the california group (cal) of viruses, northway (nor) virus, klamath (kla) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, and two bacteria, bru ... | 1981 | 6273600 |
| persistent infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1: rabbit model. | persistent infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was established in all rabbits after conjunctival inoculation of virus. spontaneous reactivations of bhv-1 with and without the appearance of recurrent ocular lesions were observed in persistently infected rabbits. bhv-1 was reactivated predictably and shed from all persistently infected rabbits after the administration of dexamethasone. during all reactivations, bhv-1 isolation was restricted to the inoculated eye. | 1982 | 6274801 |
| proteins specified by bovine herpesvirus 1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus). | an electrophoretic analysis of radioactively labeled, purified, "empty" and dna-containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virions revealed the presence of 25 to 33 structural (virion) polypeptides. a total of 11 of these polypeptides could be labeled with [3h]glucosamine and were identified as glycoproteins. in addition to the 25 structural polypeptides, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infected cells also contained at least 15 nonstructural (nonvirion) polypeptides that were not prese ... | 1981 | 6275094 |
| further studies of naturally occurring latent bovine herpesvirus infection. | attempts were made to enhance the isolation rate of latent bovine herpesviruses from trigeminal ganglia by using a fibroblastic fetal bovine kidney cell line, in addition to madin-darby bovine kidney cells, and by superinfecting with a temperature-sensitive helper strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). four isolates of latent bhv-1 were obtained from 44 pairs of trigeminal ganglia--thus reflecting no increase in isolation rate over that previously observed. two isolates of a latent bovine herpe ... | 1981 | 6275750 |
| [multiplication of the ibr, pi-3 and bvd-md viruses in cell and organ cultures of bovine fetuses after experimental intrauterine infections]. | the intrauterine infection of four- to nine-month-old bovine foetuses with the pi-3, bvd-md viruses, performed 7 to 72 days prior to their delivery, did not exert any significant influence upon the susceptibility of primary cell cultures from foetal organs and tissues to further viral infection in vitro. the bvd-md and ibr viruses multiplied in the primary cell cultures from the organs of a foetus infected with the pi-3 virus seven days before delivery even in the presence of endogenous pi-3 vir ... | 1981 | 6277081 |
| isolation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from the soft-shelled tick, ornithodoros coriaceus. | infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was isolated from the soft-shelled tick (ornithodoros coriaceus). serological identification of the isolated viruses was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion of purified virus dna. these isolations indicate that the soft-shelled tick may be a vector for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. this may be the first reported isolation of mammalian herpesvirus from an arthropod vector. | 1982 | 6278596 |
| effect of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection on bovine alveolar macrophage function. | bovine alveolar macrophages isolated in culture were assessed for immunological activity in assays for fc and complement receptors, for phagocytosis, and for effector cell function in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. in the case of uninfected alveolar macrophages, fc receptors were detected on approximately 94% of macrophages and complement receptors were detected on 39%. phagocytosis of immunoglobulin g-coated sheep erythrocytes occurred in 58% of macrophages, and phagocytosis of opsonized ... | 1982 | 6279511 |
| bovid herpesvirus 2 latency: failure to recover virus from central sensory nerve ganglia. | latent bovid herpesvirus 2 was sought in sensory ganglia, epithelium and lymph nodes from cattle having antibodies against bovid herpes virus 2. tissues from eight animals were maintained in vitro as explants for 49-72 days during which all expended media was tested for virus. three animals were pretreated with corticosteroids prior to slaughter. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was recovered from one animal, but bovid herpesvirus 2 was not detected. | 1982 | 6280823 |
| [possibilities and limits of md/vd and ibr vaccination in a cattle fattening stable. observations of a case in practice (author's transl)]. | | 1982 | 6280958 |
| risk factors related to the prevalence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | a cross-sectional epizootiologic study was conducted by mailed questionnaire to determine how the prevalence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) related to selected predisposing causes. the prevalence of ibk in missouri during the summer of 1978 was 4.97 cases/100 cattle, with 45% of respondents reporting cases of ibk. a higher prevalence of ibk was associated with calves and yearlings, hereford and hereford-cross cattle, backgrounding cattle operations, and herds with a history of i ... | 1981 | 6281222 |
| [virus neutralization microreaction to determine antibodies against the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus]. | comparative studies were carried out with a total of 170 serum samples from cattle with the use of the virus-neutralization test and the virus-neutralization microreaction to demonstrate the presence of antibodies against the ibr virus. it was found that the two reactions were equally effective in terms of specificity. the coincidence of the results obtained with regard to the positive and negative tests was 97 per cent with variant alfa and 98 per cent with variant beta. comparatively higher se ... | 1981 | 6283727 |
| dna of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected calves. | twelve calves infected with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) were killed when in a latent state of infection. latency was verified 30 days after virus inoculation of the calves by seroconversion, absence of virus shedding, and in 2 calves, by recrudescence of the infection after they were treated with dexamethasone. by in situ hybridization techniques and autoradiography, dna of bhv-1 was detected in 13 of 23 trigeminal ganglia of latently infected calves. viral dna was restricted to the nucleu ... | 1982 | 6283952 |
| vaccination of cattle against pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) with homologous virus (herpes suis) and heterologous virus (herpes bovis 1). | study was made to determine whether vaccination of cattle against pseudorabies (pr; aujeszky's disease) affords protection upon subsequent intranasal challenge exposure with virulent virus. vaccinations were performed with a commercially available oil-adjuvant pr virus vaccine, in some cases supplemented with a1(oh)3 (given subcutaneously), with the attenuated nia4 strain of pr virus (given intranasally), and with a commercially available temperature-sensitive mutant of bovine herpesvirus-1 (inf ... | 1982 | 6283963 |
| natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity of bovine mononuclear cells against virus-infected cells. | the ability of mononuclear cells (mc) from peripheral blood of normal cattle to lyse a variety of cells was tested in a 51cr-release microcytotoxicity assay. several types of bovine cells infected with parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v) were susceptible to natural cytotoxicity. bovine cells infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus, uninfected bovine cells, and human cell lines molt-3, hsb-2, k562, and u-937 were not susceptible. the period ... | 1982 | 6284642 |
| virologic study of the reproductive tract in dairy cows. | from aug 1, 1979 to aug 15, 1980, a total of 624 samples were collected from the vaginas, cervices, and uteri of 208 dairy cows 30 to 37 days after parturition. an additional 90 samples were collected from the reproductive tracts from 30 of the 208 cows. the 30 cows had aborted or were repeat breeders. samples from cows that had aborted were collected within a week after clinical abortion or immediately after rectal palpation revealed subclinical abortion. all samples were tested for the presenc ... | 1982 | 6285771 |
| effect of levamisole in immune responses to bovine herpesvirus-1. | the effect of levamisole on bovine immune responses to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was assessed under laboratory and commercial feedlot situations. in all instances, levamisole appeared to have a beneficial effect on antibody responses of the cattle after vaccination. in the smaller scale pilot trials, levamisole appeared to be more efficacious when given 7 days after vaccination, presumably when a large amount of viral antigens was present as a result of viral replication. in the la ... | 1982 | 6285779 |
| association between route of inoculation with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and site of recrudescence after dexamethasone treatment. | four calves latently infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) were used to compare the ease of isolation of virus from neuronal ganglia and from mucosal surfaces. two calves were slaughtered, and neuronal ganglia (cranial cervical, trigeminal, and 3rd and 4th sacral) were cocultivated on bovine fetal kidney cells. virus was not isolated. two calves given dexamethasone for 4 days were slaughtered on the 5th day. virus was not isolated from cocultivated or macerated neuronal ga ... | 1982 | 6285780 |
| prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine oral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, bovine adenoviruses-3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial viral antibodies in goats. | sera from healthy goats were collected during october 1979 through october 1980. these sera were tested for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine adenoviruses (bav) -3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial virus (grsv) antibodies by microtitration virus-neutralization test. the number of herds with seropositive goats for each virus were: 5/38 (13.2%) for bhv-1; 9/38 (23.7%) for bvdv; 8/38 (21.1%) for pi-3 virus; 1/38 (2.6%) for ba ... | 1982 | 6285781 |
| safety and efficacy of live and inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines. | two commercial live virus infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) vaccines for intranasal administration and an inactivated polyvalent calf pneumonia vaccine were compared for safety and efficacy in calves against experimental ibr infections. all three products were clinically safe for use in young calves; a mild, transient, febrile response was induced by one of the live vaccines. vaccinal virus was recovered for up to 16 days after vaccination from nasal secretions of all calves given live vac ... | 1982 | 6289508 |
| a review of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia and viral-bacterial synergism in respiratory disease of cattle. | unanswered questions on the etiology and prevention of shipping fever pneumonia have allowed this disease to remain one of the most costly to the north american cattle industry. research in this area has indirected that while pasteurella haemolytica and, to a lesser extent, p. multocida are involved in most cases, they seem to require additional factors to help initiate the disease process. bovine herpes virus 1 has been shown experimentally to be one such factor. this review examines in some de ... | 1982 | 6290011 |
| immune responses of dairy cattle to parainfluenza-3 virus in intranasal infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-parainfluenza-3 virus vaccines. | two hundred and fifty dairy heifers were vaccinated at three to six months of age with an intranasal infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-parainfluenza-3 vaccine. eighteen additional heifers were tested prior to vaccination and again three to four weeks after vaccination. neither cell-mediated nor humoral immunity was significantly raised to parainfluenza-3 virus in either group of cattle. | 1982 | 6290012 |
| aerosol vaccination of calves with pasteurella haemolytica against experimental respiratory disease. | three experiments were conducted on calves in which the efficacy of vaccination with live pasteurella haemolytica in aerosol was tested by challenge with sequential aerosol exposure to bovine herpesvirus 1 and p. haemolytica. neither single nor multiple aerosol vaccinations protected against the experimental disease. macroscopically recognizable rhinitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis and pneumonia occurred in both controls and vaccinates. in one experiment as many as three aerosol vaccinations with l ... | 1982 | 6290014 |
| effect of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus immunization on viral shedding in challenge-exposed calves treated with dexamethasone. | calves not vaccinated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) became latently infected when challenge exposed and treated with dexamethasone (dm). calves that shed ibrv after dm treatment were considered to be latently infected. vaccination with a temperature-sensitive intranasal vaccine or with formalinized ibrv in freund's complete adjuvant (ibrv-fca) protected some, but not all, calves against latent infection--indicating a role for the immune response in preventing latent infecti ... | 1982 | 6293350 |