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the component of carica papaya seed toxic to a. aegypti and the identification of tegupain, the enzyme that generates it.as aedes aegypti transmits the etiologic agents of both yellow and dengue fever; vector control is considered essential to minimise their incidence. the aim of this work was to identify the component of carica papaya seed toxic to a. aegypti, and the identification of tegupain, the enzyme that generates it. aqueous extracts (1%, w/v) of the seed tegument and cotyledon of c. papaya are not larvicidal isolately. however, a mixture of 17μgml(-1) tegument extract and 27μgml(-1) cotyledon extract cau ...201323402920
protein expression in the salivary glands of dengue-infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes and blood-feeding success.mosquito salivary glands (sg) play an essential role in food digestion and pathogen transmission. the function of the salivary components during infection is poorly understood. in this study, female aedes aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (denv-2) via an artificial membrane feeding apparatus. the mosquito sgs were examined for denv-2 infection for 14 days post-infection (dpi). the amount of dengue virus increased throughout the 14 dpi. three different meals were provi ...201223413697
effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on oral infection of aedes aegypti (l.) with dengue virus.this study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on dengue virus replication in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. female ae. aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue-2 virus and fed ribavirin at a dose of 0.3 mg/ml and/or hydroxyurea at a dose of 6 mg/ml via artificial membrane feeding technique. the virus in infected mosquitoes was isolated using c6/36 cell culture. peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) staining was used to detect dengue-infected c6/36 cells and t ...201223413698
the key breeding sites by pupal survey for dengue mosquito vectors, aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (skuse), in guba, cebu city, philippines.we conducted this study to assess how well a pupal survey of dengue mosquito vectors, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, is able to target the most productive breeding sites. the study was carried out monthly during the rainy season (8 months) in 2008 in cuba, cebu city, philippines. the hypotheses tested were: 1) most pupae of ae. aegypti or ae. albopictus were produced in a few types of breeding sites and 2) the most productive types of breeding sites for each species were the most abundant. ...201223413699
detection of denv-4 genotype i from mosquitoes collected in the city of manaus, brazil.dengue epidemics have been reported in brazil since 1981. in manaus, a large city in the amazon region, dengue is endemic with all four-virus serotypes (denv-1, -2, -3, and -4) simultaneously causing human disease. in 2008, during a surveillance of dengue virus in mosquitoes in the district of tancredo neves in manaus, 260 mosquitoes of aedes genus were captured, identified and grouped into pools of 10 mosquitoes.201323421733
[impact of an educational intervention carried out in anti-vector campaign workers].aedes aegypti is a common vector in cuba, which damages human health. santiago de cuba is one of the provinces with high number of mosquito foci in a sustained way. therefore, it is very important, from the social viewpoint, to carry out educational interventions with anti-vector campaign workers in mella municipality in this province.201323424806
[k-othrine wg250 (deltamethrine)-based treatment in an area characterized by high infestation rates of aedes aegypti].dengue and its lethal form, that is, dengue hemorrhagic fever, has significantly increased in las americas, being the aedes aegypti the main and the only transmitting vector till now.201323424809
[risk factors of pupal infestation with community-based aedes aegypti in a municipality of havana city].the risk factors of pupal infestation with community-based aedes aegypti were identified in four areas of playa municipality, located in the urban zone of havana city the deposits with the highest positivity to the vector were the artificial ones and the low tanks. it was confirmed that 99.03% of the sites visited contained at least one deposit with water, and that 4 areas presented a very similar behaviour in ratio of tanks per site, since in all of them the water was supplied every other day. ...201323427418
[control of aedes aegypti larvae (l) with poecilia reticulata peter, 1895: a community experience in taguasco municipality, sancti spíritus, cuba].the efficacy of the control of aedes aegypti (l) with poecilia reticulata peter, 1895, was determined in containers used for domestic consumption water in taguasco municipality in the center of sancti spiritus province, cuba. before the epidemic of santiago de cuba and havana province, this municipality had not been positive to aedes aegypti (l). the increasing infections caused by the vector started to worry the population that feared an outbreak of dengue epidemic. previous to the fish growth, ...201323427432
[comprehensive surveillance system for dengue prevention].a comprehensive ecosystem approach-based surveillance system was designed and implemented for dengue prevention in cotorro municipality at the city of havana. cuba, geographically situated near those countries with high dengue incidence, and having a preventive approach as a premise of its public healthcare system, has to adopt measures to prevent new dengue epidemics. the environmental, entomological and clinical/epidemiological elements of the surveillance system were integrated and combined w ...201623427456
large diurnal temperature fluctuations negatively influence aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) life-history traits.seasonal variation in dengue virus transmission in northwestern thailand is inversely related to the magnitude of diurnal temperature fluctuations, although mean temperature does not vary significantly across seasons. we tested the hypothesis that diurnal temperature fluctuations negatively influence epidemiologically important life-history traits of the primary dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.), compared with a constant 26 degrees c temperature. a large diurnal temperature range (dtr) (approxim ...201323427651
comparison of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) resting behavior on two fabric types under consideration for insecticide treatment in a push-pull strategy.aedes aegypti (l.), the primary vector of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, breeds and rests predominately inside human dwellings. with no current vaccine available, vector control remains the mainstay for dengue management and novel approaches continue to be needed to reduce virus transmission. this requires a full understanding of ae. aegypti ecology to design effective strategies. one novel approach is the use of contact irritants at target resting sites inside homes to make the surface un ...201323427653
susceptibility of larval aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) to dengue virus.mosquitoes vertically transmit many arthropod borne viruses, and as a consequence arboviruses are often present within the larval environment. we tested the hypothesis that aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) larvae were susceptible to dengue virus through two infection methods: exposure to dengue in the larval growth environment via viral supernatant, and exposure to infected tissue culture along with viral supernatant. in addition to investigating for the first time the susceptibil ...201323427668
[presence of aedes aegypti in water tanks on the ground and the implications for dengue control in camagüey province].water tanks placed on the ground are an important drinking water container at home; however, aedes aegypti is very frequently colonizing this kind of reservoirs in an urban health area of camagüey province, cuba.201323431619
[seasonal and time dynamics of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in cienfuegos municipality].dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in las americas due, among other factors, to the increase of aedes aegypti populations.201323431620
[factors associated to the aedes aegypti (dipthera: culicidae) presence in two cuban regions].despite the cuban government's efforts to exert control over the dengue vector aedes aegypti, this mosquito is still present in several municipalities of the city of havana and those of other provinces.201323431622
[season and weather-dependent behavior of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in sancti spiritus in the period 1999-2007].aedes aegypti is the main dengue and hemorrhagic dengue vector and its widespread behavior responds to a number of factors, among them, the climatic ones.201323431630
new genetic variation of aedes albopictus densovirus isolated from mosquito c6/36 cell line.densovirus (dnv) is a small single-stranded dna, non-enveloped virus belonging to the subfamily densovirinae of the parvoviridae family. this group of invertebrate viruses infects exclusively insects. two of the major densoviruses, aedes aegypti (aaednv) and ae. albopictus (aaldnv), infect mosquitoes that carry viruses responsible for two important public health diseases, namely, dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever. the present study describes cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis ...201223431818
natural transovarial dengue virus infection rate in both sexes of dark and pale forms of aedes aegypti from an urban area of bangkok, thailand.transovarial dengue virus infection status of two forms of adult aedes aegypti (dark or ae. aegypti type form and pale or form queenslandensis), reared from field-collected larval and pupal stages, was determined by one-step rt-pcr and dengue viral serotype by nested-pcr. natural transovarial transmission (tot) of dengue virus was detected in the two ae. aegypti forms, and in both adult males and females. male ae. aegypti had a higher rate of tot dengue virus infection than female. the overall m ...201223431820
[effectiveness of insecticidal formulations for the aedes aegypti adult population control in la habana, cuba].the vector control remains the sole sustainable measure to prevent dengue transmission in which the key role goes to adulticides in case of high rates of infestation by the vector, outbreaks or dengue epidemics. pyrethroids are the most used whereas organophosphorous chloripirifos has been occasionally used because of the cost.201323437526
[bioecological studies of aedes (st) aegypti in an urban area with low vector density in camagüey province].the control of the breeding sites of mosquitoes of medical importance is essential for the anti-vector fighting programs; however, the efforts made so far have not great enough since the confirmed dengue fever cases gradually increase.201323437539
[effect of pyriproxyfen for the aedes (s) aegypti control (diptera: culicidae) in strains with various degrees of temephos resistance].the continuous use of the organophosphate temephos for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) has prompted the emergence of resistance to this product in several countries. pyriproxyfen is an analogue of the juvenile hormone recommended by the world health organization as one of the alternative regulators of the dengue vector in drinking waters.201623437553
[efficacy of indoor treatment with cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos for the regulation of aedes aegypti in the city of havana].in dengue outbreaks or epidemics, the chemical pesticides play a fundamental role to control disease-borne adult mosquitoes and to support the vector control program in cuba.201323437554
[community-based survey on knowledge and perceptions about dengue and preventive practice in lisa municipality, city of havana province].the population's knowledge is important to develop participatory processes that support the reduction of aedes aegypti.201323437556
reduction of aedes aegypti vector competence for dengue virus under large temperature fluctuations.diurnal temperature fluctuations can fundamentally alter mosquito biology and mosquito-virus interactions in ways that impact pathogen transmission. we investigated the effect of two daily fluctuating temperature profiles on aedes aegypti vector competence for dengue virus (denv) serotype-1. a large diurnal temperature range of 18.6°c around a 26°c mean, corresponding with the low denv transmission season in northwestern thailand, reduced midgut infection rates and tended to extend the virus ext ...201323438766
[convalescence of pregnant women who suffered from dengue serotype 3].dengue is an infectious disease caused by arn genome virus and has 4 recognized serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3 and den-4) that are transmitted by aedes aegypti as the main vector. the clinical manifestations of dengue in pregnancy are similar to those of the general population, except that the ecosystem is made up by the mother and the fetus where the virus with its genetic characteristics is introduced and finds special conditions for development and evolution.201323444608
[residual effectiveness of temephos observed in a mexican southeast city affected by dengue].to study the effect of water extraction and renewal on the residual action of temephos applied at 1ppm to cement water-storage containers at home.201323444636
risk factors for the presence of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in domestic water-holding containers in areas impacted by the nam theun 2 hydroelectric project, laos.we assessed risk factors for vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses near a new hydroelectric project, nam theun 2, in laos. immature stages of aedes aegypti were found only in sites within 40 km of the urban provincial capital, but aedes albopictus was found throughout. aedes aegypti pupae were most common in water storage jars (odds ratio [or] = 4.72) and tires (or = 2.99), and ae. albopictus pupae were associated with tires in 2009 (or = 10.87) and drums, tires, and jars in 2010 (drums or = ...201323458958
an integrated linkage, chromosome, and genome map for the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is an efficient vector of arboviruses and a convenient model system for laboratory research. extensive linkage mapping of morphological and molecular markers localized a number of quantitative trait loci (qtls) related to the mosquito's ability to transmit various pathogens. however, linking the qtls to ae. aegypti chromosomes and genomic sequences has been challenging because of the poor quality of polytene chromosomes and the highly fragmented genome a ...201323459230
[identification and spatial distribution of key premises for aedes aegypti in the porto dantas neighborhood, aracaju, sergipe state, brazil, 2007-2008].currently the best way to avoid new dengue epidemics is to control the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. this study thus aimed to identify and analyze the spatial distribution of "key premises" for ae. aegypti in aracaju, sergipe state, brazil. three entomological surveys were performed prior to, during, and after the dengue epidemic and in different conditions of precipitation: the end of the rainy season, beginning of the rainy season, and the dry season. key premises were identified by positivit ...201323459822
detection of arboviruses and other micro-organisms in experimentally infected mosquitoes using massively parallel sequencing.human disease incidence attributed to arbovirus infection is increasing throughout the world, with effective control interventions limited by issues of sustainability, insecticide resistance and the lack of effective vaccines. several promising control strategies are currently under development, such as the release of mosquitoes trans-infected with virus-blocking wolbachia bacteria. implementation of any control program is dependent on effective virus surveillance and a thorough understanding of ...201323460918
contact irritant responses of aedes aegypti using sublethal concentration and focal application of pyrethroid chemicals.previous studies have demonstrated contact irritant and spatial repellent behaviors in aedes aegypti following exposure to sublethal concentrations of chemicals. these sublethal actions are currently being evaluated in the development of a push-pull strategy for ae. aegypti control. this study reports on mosquito escape responses after exposure to candidate chemicals for a contact irritant focused push-pull strategy using varying concentrations and focal application.201323469302
modeling dengue vector dynamics under imperfect detection: three years of site-occupancy by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in urban amazonia.aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are the vectors of dengue, the most important arboviral disease of humans. to date, aedes ecology studies have assumed that the vectors are truly absent from sites where they are not detected; since no perfect detection method exists, this assumption is questionable. imperfect detection may bias estimates of key vector surveillance/control parameters, including site-occupancy (infestation) rates and control intervention effects. we used a modeling approach that e ...201323472194
a model for the spatial transmission of dengue with daily movement between villages and a city.dengue is a re-emergent vector-borne disease affecting large portions of the world's population living in the tropics and subtropics. the virus is transmitted through the bites of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and it is widely believed that these bites occur primarily in the daytime. the transmission of dengue is a complicated process, and one of the main sources of this complexity is due to the movement of people, e.g. between home and their places of work. hence, the mechanics of disease pr ...201323475426
gravitraps for management of dengue clusters in singapore.although singapore has an intensive dengue control program, dengue remains endemic with regular outbreaks. we report development and use of a novel adult oviposition trap, the gravitrap, in managing dengue cluster areas. the gravitrap is a simple, hay infusion-filled cylindrical trap with a sticky inner surface to serve as an oviposition site for gravid female aedes mosquitoes. wire gauze fitted above the water level minimizes the risk of it being an unwanted breeding habitat. the gravitrap was ...201323478581
climate and non-climate drivers of dengue epidemics in southern coastal ecuador.we report a statistical mixed model for assessing the importance of climate and non-climate drivers of interannual variability in dengue fever in southern coastal ecuador. local climate data and pacific sea surface temperatures (oceanic niño index [oni]) were used to predict dengue standardized morbidity ratios (smrs; 1995-2010). unobserved confounding factors were accounted for using non-structured yearly random effects. we found that oni, rainfall, and minimum temperature were positively assoc ...201323478584
functional genetic characterization of salivary gland development in aedes aegypti.despite the devastating global impact of mosquito-borne illnesses on human health, very little is known about mosquito developmental biology. in this investigation, functional genetic analysis of embryonic salivary gland development was performed in aedes aegypti, the dengue and yellow fever vector and an emerging model for vector mosquito development. although embryonic salivary gland development has been well studied in drosophila melanogaster, little is known about this process in mosquitoes ...201323497573
relationship between aedes aegypti production and occurrence of escherichia coli in domestic water storage containers in rural and sub-urban villages in thailand and laos.in a cross-sectional survey in one rural and one suburban village each in thailand and laos the relationship between aedes aegypti production and escherichia coli contamination in household water storage containers was investigated. entomological and microbiological surveys were conducted in 250 and 239 houses in thailand and laos, respectively. entomological indices across all four villages were high, indicating a high risk for dengue transmission. significantly more ae. aegypti pupae were prod ...201323499713
vectorial capacity of aedes aegypti for dengue virus type 2 is reduced with co-infection of metarhizium anisopliae.aedes aegypti, is the major dengue vector and a worldwide public health threat combated basically by chemical insecticides. in this study, the vectorial competence of ae. aegypti co-infected with a mildly virulent metarhizium anisopliae and fed with blood infected with the denv-2 virus, was examined.201323505581
diffusion of community empowerment strategies for aedes aegypti control in cuba: a muddling through experience.effective participatory strategies in dengue control have been developed and assessed as small-scale efforts. the challenge is to scale-up and institutionalize these strategies within dengue control programs. we describe and critically analyze the diffusion process of an effective empowerment strategy within the cuban aedes aegypti control program, focusing on decision-making at the national level, to identify ways forward to institutionalize such strategies in cuba and elsewhere. from 2005 to 2 ...201323517703
effects of fluctuating daily temperatures at critical thermal extremes on aedes aegypti life-history traits.the effect of temperature on insect biology is well understood under constant temperature conditions, but less so under more natural, fluctuating conditions. a fluctuating temperature profile around a mean of 26°c can alter aedes aegypti vector competence for dengue viruses as well as numerous life-history traits, however, the effect of fluctuations on mosquitoes at critical thermal limits is unknown.201323520534
molecular investigations of dengue virus during outbreaks in orissa state, eastern india from 2010 to 2011.dengue is one of the most important arboviral diseases in india. orissa state in eastern india reported the first dengue outbreak in 2010, followed by extensive outbreaks in 2011, affecting large number of people. detailed entomological, serological and phylogenetic investigations were performed in mosquitoes and patients serum collected from dengue virus (denv) affected areas of orissa. the combination of denv specific igm capture-elisa and reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr) detected high denv ...201323523598
fever versus fever: the role of host and vector susceptibility and interspecific competition in shaping the current and future distributions of the sylvatic cycles of dengue virus and yellow fever virus.two different species of flaviviruses, dengue virus (denv) and yellow fever virus (yfv), that originated in sylvatic cycles maintained in non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes have emerged repeatedly into sustained human-to-human transmission by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. sylvatic cycles of both viruses remain active, and where the two viruses overlap in west africa they utilize similar suites of monkeys and aedes mosquitoes. these extensive similarities render the differences in the ...201323523817
oral ingestion of transgenic ridl ae. aegypti larvae has no negative effect on two predator toxorhynchites species.dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease. no specific treatment or vaccine is currently available; traditional vector control methods can rarely achieve adequate control. recently, the ridl (release of insect carrying dominant lethality) approach has been developed, based on the sterile insect technique, in which genetically engineered 'sterile' homozygous ridl male insects are released to mate wild females; the offspring inherit a copy of the ridl construct and die. a ridl stra ...201323527029
high efficiency of temperate aedes albopictus to transmit chikungunya and dengue viruses in the southeast of france.since 2005, cases of chikungunya (chik) were caused by an unusual vector, aedes albopictus. this mosquito, present in europe since 1979, has gained importance since its involvement in the first chik outbreak in italy in 2007. the species is capable of transmitting experimentally 26 arboviruses. however, the vectorial status of its temperate populations has remained little investigated. in 2010, autochthonous cases of chik and dengue (den) were reported in southeastern france. we evaluated the po ...201323527259
modelling the use of wolbachia to control dengue fever transmission.experiments and field trials have shown that the intracellular bacterium wolbachia may be introduced into populations of the mosquito aedes aegypti, the primary vector for dengue fever. in the absence of wolbachia, a mosquito acquiring the dengue virus from an infected human enters an exposed (infected but not infectious) period before becoming infectious itself. a wolbachia-infected mosquito that acquires dengue (i) may have a reduced lifespan, so that it is less likely to survive the exposed p ...201323535905
proteomic biomarkers for ageing the mosquito aedes aegypti to determine risk of pathogen transmission.biomarkers of the age of mosquitoes are required to determine the risk of transmission of various pathogens as each pathogen undergoes a period of extrinsic incubation in the mosquito host. using the 2-d difference gel electrophoresis (2-d dige) procedure, we investigated the abundance of up to 898 proteins from the yellow fever and dengue virus vector, aedes aegypti, during ageing. by applying a mixed-effects model of protein expression, we identified five common patterns of abundance change du ...201323536806
hot temperatures can force delayed mosquito outbreaks via sequential changes in aedes aegypti demographic parameters in autocorrelated environments.aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) is a common pantropical urban mosquito, vector of dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. studies have shown ae. aegypti abundance to be associated with environmental fluctuations, revealing patterns such as the occurrence of delayed mosquito outbreaks, i.e., sudden extraordinary increases in mosquito abundance following transient extreme high temperatures. here, we use a two-stage (larvae and adults) matrix model to propose a mechanism for environment ...201423537497
a dengue vector surveillance by human population-stratified ovitrap survey for aedes (diptera: culicidae) adult and egg collections in high dengue-risk areas of taiwan.aedes aegypti l. is the primary dengue vector in southern taiwan. this article is the first report on a large-scale surveillance program to study the spatial-temporal distribution of the local ae. aegytpi population using ovitraps stratified according to the human population in high dengue-risk areas. the sampling program was conducted for 1 yr and was based on weekly collections of eggs and adults in kaohsiung city. in total, 10,380 ovitraps were placed in 5,190 households. paired ovitraps, one ...201323540112
phylogeography and spatio-temporal genetic variation of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations in the florida keys.aedes aegypti (l.) is the principal mosquito vector of dengue fever, the second-most deadly vector-borne disease in the world. in ae. aegypti and other arthropod disease vectors, genetic markers can be used to inform us about processes relevant to disease spread, such as movement of the vectors across space and the temporal stability of vector populations. in late 2009, 27 locally acquired cases of dengue fever were reported in key west, fl. the last dengue outbreak in the region occurred in 193 ...023540116
larvicidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from 11 native plants from northeastern mexico.of all mosquito-borne viral diseases, dengue is spreading most rapidly worldwide. conventional chemical insecticides (e.g., organophosphates and carbamates) effectively kill mosquitoes at their larval stage, but are toxic to humans. natural product-based insecticides may be highly specific. herein, we report the insecticidal activities of 11 native mexican plants against aedes aegypti (l). ether extracts of ambrosia confertiflora de candolle, thymus vulgaris (l.), and zanthoxylum fagara (l.), an ...201323540118
operational use of household bleach to "crash and release" aedes aegypti prior to wolbachia-infected mosquito release.dengue (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, denv) remains the leading arboviral cause of mortality in the tropics. wolbachia pipientis has been shown to interrupt denv transmission and is presently being trialled as a biological control. however, deployment issues have arisen on methods to temporarily suppress wild mosquito populations before wolbachia-infected mosquito releases. by suppressing wild populations, fewer ae. aegypti releases are required to achieve a sustainable wolbachia densit ...201323540123
insecticide resistance in two aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) strains from costa rica.dengue (family flaviridae, genus flavivirus, denv) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) are presently important public health problems in costa rica. the primary strategy for disease control is based on reducing population densities of the main mosquito vector aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). this is heavily dependent on use of chemical insecticides, thus the development of resistance is a frequent threat to control program effectiveness. the objective of this study was to determine the le ...201323540124
germline excision of transgenes in aedes aegypti by homing endonucleases.aedes (ae.) aegypti is the primary vector for dengue viruses (serotypes1-4) and chikungunya virus. homing endonucleases (hes) are ancient selfish elements that catalyze double-stranded dna breaks (dsb) in a highly specific manner. in this report, we show that the hes y2-i-anii, i-crei and i-scei are all capable of catalyzing the excision of genomic segments from the ae. aegypti genome in a heritable manner. y2-i-anii demonstrated the highest efficiency at two independent genomic targets, with 20 ...023549343
extensive circadian and light regulation of the transcriptome in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae.mosquitoes exhibit 24 hr rhythms in flight activity, feeding, reproduction and development. to better understand the molecular basis for these rhythms in the nocturnal malaria vector anopheles gambiae, we have utilized microarray analysis on time-of-day specific collections of mosquitoes over 48 hr to explore the coregulation of gene expression rhythms by the circadian clock and light, and compare these with the 24 hr rhythmic gene expression in the diurnal aedes aegypti dengue vector mosquito.201323552056
age-dependent effects of oral infection with dengue virus on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) feeding behavior, survival, oviposition success and fecundity.aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, a disease that is increasing its geographical range as well as incidence rates. despite its public health importance, the effect of dengue virus (denv) on some mosquito traits remains unknown. here, we investigated the impact of denv-2 infection on the feeding behavior, survival, oviposition success and fecundity of ae. aegypti females.201323555838
talen-based gene disruption in the dengue vector aedes aegypti.in addition to its role as the primary vector for dengue viruses, aedes aegypti has a long history as a genetic model organism for other bloodfeeding mosquitoes, due to its ease of colonization, maintenance and reproductive productivity. though its genome has been sequenced, functional characterization of many ae. aegypti genes, pathways and behaviors has been slow. tale nucleases (talens) have been used with great success in a number of organisms to generate site-specific dna lesions. we evalua ...201323555893
larvicidal activity of lipophilic extract of hypericum carinatum (clusiaceae) against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and benzophenones determination.in this study, the larvicidal activity of an enriched fraction of the major lipophilic phenolic compounds from hypericum carinatum griseb. (clusiaceae) was investigated against larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), the main vector of dengue virus in brazil. the larval mortality rate ranged 37.33 to 72.00 % at concentrations of 66-200 μg/ml. the effect demonstrated to be dose-dependent. the lethal concentration 50 % and confidence interval were 100 and 88-111 μg/ml, respectively. the resu ...201323559380
species composition and population dynamics of aedes mosquitoes, potential vectors of arboviruses, at the container terminal of the autonomous port of abidjan, côte d'ivoire.an entomological survey of aedes mosquitoes was initiated at the container terminal of the autonomous port of abidjan in 2009 following the occurrence of two outbreaks of yellow fever in less than 10 years and dengue cases reported in 2008 among expatriates returning from côte d'ivoire (ivory coast). it was based on regular monitoring of ovitraps from july 2009 to june 2010. a total of 4,739 adult mosquitoes represented by four species of aedes (97% of total) and one unexpected species of culex ...201323567057
bioefficacy of mentha piperita essential oil against dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti l.to assess the larvicidal and repellent potential of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of peppermint plant, mentha piperita (m. piperita) against the larval and adult stages of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti).023569733
household survey of container-breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in makkah city, saudi arabia.to investigate the prevalence of container breeding mosquitoes with emphasis on the seasonality and larval habitats of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) in makkah city, adjoining an environmental monitoring and dengue incidence.201223569860
larvicidal and irritant activities of hexane leaf extracts of citrus sinensis against dengue vector aedes aegypti l.to assess the larvicidal and irritant activities of the hexane extracts of leaves of citrus sinensis (c. sinensis) against the early fourth instars and female adults of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti).023569887
unusual developing sites of dengue vectors and potential epidemiological implications.to identify the unusual breeding sites of two dengue vectors, i.e. aedes albopictus (ae. albopictus) and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti).201223569903
residual effects of tmof-bti formulations against 1(st) instar aedes aegypti linnaeus larvae outside laboratory.to evaluate the effectiveness and residual effects of trypsin modulating oostatic factor-bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (tmof-bti) formulations against aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) (l.) larvae at ukm campus kuala lumpur.201223569922
bioactivity of seagrass against the dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti larvae.to identify the larvicidal activity of the seagrass extracts.201223569973
public health significance of invasive mosquitoes in europe.there are currently five invasive aedes mosquito species known to be established in europe, namely aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti, aedes japonicus, aedes atropalpus and aedes koreicus. aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti are the incriminated vectors in the recent outbreaks of chikungunya and dengue fever in europe. however, both laboratory experiments and field observations indicate that these invasive mosquitoes have a potential to also transmit other pathogens of public health importance. incr ...201323574618
facilitating wolbachia introductions into mosquito populations through insecticide-resistance selection.wolbachia infections are being introduced into mosquito vectors of human diseases following the discovery that they can block transmission of disease agents. this requires mosquitoes infected with the disease-blocking wolbachia to successfully invade populations lacking the infection. while this process is facilitated by features of wolbachia, particularly their ability to cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, blocking wolbachia may produce deleterious effects, such as reduced host viability or fec ...201323576788
assessing the effects of aedes aegypti kdr mutations on pyrethroid resistance and its fitness cost.pyrethroids are the most used insecticide class worldwide. they target the voltage gated sodium channel (nav), inducing the knockdown effect. in aedes aegypti, the main dengue vector, the aanav substitutions val1016ile and phe1534cys are the most important knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations. we evaluated the fitness cost of these kdr mutations related to distinct aspects of development and reproduction, in the absence of any other major resistance mechanism. to accomplish this, we initially se ...201323593337
differential expression of apoptosis related genes in selected strains of aedes aegypti with different susceptibilities to dengue virus.aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue viruses worldwide. we identified field collected insects with differential susceptibility to dengue-2 virus (denv-2) and used isofemale selection to establish susceptible and refractory strains based on midgut infection barriers. previous experiments had identified higher expression of apoptosis-related genes in the refractory strain. to identify potential molecular mechanisms associated with denv susceptibility, we evaluated the differential expre ...201323593426
efficiency of fungus-impregnated black cloths combined with imidacloprid for the control of adult aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management. however, efficient delivery systems for these fungi need to be investigated. it is known that adult mosquitoes are attracted to dark surfaces, and therefore, black cotton cloths impregnated with metarhizium anisopliae alone or in combination with the insecticide imidacloprid (imi) were tested under laboratory conditions. black cloths impregnated with fungus were also tested in large-cage trials under natural ...201323607802
modelling aedes aegypti mosquito control via transgenic and sterile insect techniques: endemics and emerging outbreaks.the invasion of pest insects often changes or destroys a native ecosystem, and can result in food shortages and disease endemics. issues such as the environmental effects of chemical control methods, the economic burden of maintaining control strategies and the risk of pest resistance still remain, and mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever prevail in many countries, infecting over 100 million worldwide in 2010. one environmentally friendly method for mosquito control is the st ...201323608633
spatiotemporal patterns of aedes aegypti populations in cairns, australia: assessing drivers of dengue transmission.to identify the meteorological drivers of dengue vector density and determine high- and low-risk transmission zones for dengue prevention and control in cairns, australia.201323617766
cost-effectiveness of novel system of mosquito surveillance and control, brazil.of all countries in the western hemisphere, brazil has the highest economic losses caused by dengue fever. we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a novel system of vector surveillance and control, monitoramento inteligente da dengue (intelligent dengue monitoring system [mid]), which was implemented in 21 cities in minas gerais, brazil. traps for adult female mosquitoes were spaced at 300-m intervals throughout each city. in cities that used mid, vector control was conducted specifically at high ...023628282
comparative analysis of midgut bacterial communities of aedes aegypti mosquito strains varying in vector competence to dengue virus.differences in midgut bacterial communities of aedes aegypti, the primary mosquito vector of dengue viruses (denv), might influence the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to infection by denv. as a first step toward addressing this hypothesis, comparative analysis of bacterial communities from midguts of mosquito strains with differential genetic susceptibility to denv was performed. 16s rrna gene libraries and real-time pcr approaches were used to characterize midgut bacterial community composi ...201323636307
dual african origins of global aedes aegypti s.l. populations revealed by mitochondrial dna.aedes aegypti is the primary global vector to humans of yellow fever and dengue flaviviruses. over the past 50 years, many population genetic studies have documented large genetic differences among global populations of this species. these studies initially used morphological polymorphisms, followed later by allozymes, and most recently various molecular genetic markers including microsatellites and mitochondrial markers. in particular, since 2000, fourteen publications and four unpublished data ...201323638196
fluctuations at a low mean temperature accelerate dengue virus transmission by aedes aegypti.environmental factors such as temperature can alter mosquito vector competence for arboviruses. results from recent studies indicate that daily fluctuations around an intermediate mean temperature (26°c) reduce vector competence of aedes aeygpti for dengue viruses (denv). theoretical predictions suggest that the mean temperature in combination with the magnitude of the diurnal temperature range (dtr) mediate the direction of these effects.201323638208
new insights on the effectiveness of metarhizium anisopliae formulation and application against aedes aegypti eggs.increasing needs for innovative control tools against the dengue vector aedes aegypti have prompted investigations into the development of specific mycoinsecticides. the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae attacks both larval and adult stages, but its ovicidal activity against a. aegypti is still little explored. this study reports important findings about the effectiveness of conidia formulated in water and oil-in-water emulsions and of direct and indirect application techniques agai ...201323638865
residual and pre-treatment application of starycide insect growth regulator (triflumuron) to control aedes aegypti in containers.dengue is not endemic in australia, although the vector mosquito aedes aegypti is. in order to prevent dengue establishment, australia maintains tight control of vector mosquitoes. tight control programs often necessitate regular repeat application of treatments, and this is resource intensive. we sought to investigate the efficacy and longevity of triflurumon starycide® insect growth regulator under field conditions in tropical australia against aedes. we compared two doses (0.48 and 0.96 ppm), ...201423653423
population structure of the mosquito aedes aegypti (stegomyia aegypti) in pakistan.eleven microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic population structure and spread of aedes aegypti (stegomyia aegypti) (diptera: culicidae) in pakistan using mosquitoes collected from 13 different cities. there is a single genetic cluster of ae. aegypti in pakistan with a pattern of isolation by distance within the population. the low level of isolation by distance suggests the long-range passive dispersal of this mosquito, which may be facilitated by the tyre trade in pakistan. a ...201323662926
aedes aegypti disregard humidity-related conditions with adequate nutrition.weather variations have clear associations with the epidemiology of dengue fever and populations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. data on humidity associations, however, lags with respect to its effect on host-biting, nectar-seeking and survival. this experimental study on ae. aegypti, sourced from the arid tropics, investigated the effect of low and high relative humidity and diet in relation to host-biting, temporal variations in feeding frequency, and mosquito mortality. in each environmental set ...201323665702
vertical distribution of aedes mosquitoes in multiple storey buildings in selangor and kuala lumpur, malaysia.the aim of the present study was to determine the vertical distribution and abundance of aedes mosquitoes in multiple storey buildings in selangor and kuala lumpur, malaysia. ovitrap surveillance was conducted for 4 continuous weeks in multiple storey buildings in 4 residential areas located in selangor [kg. baiduri (kb)] and kuala lumpur [student hostel of university of malaya (um), kg. kerinchi (kk) and hang tuah (ht)]. the results implied that aedes mosquitoes could be found from ground floor ...201323665706
regulation of aedes aegypti population dynamics in field systems: quantifying direct and delayed density dependence.transgenic strains of aedes aegypti have been engineered to help control transmission of dengue virus. although resources have been invested in developing the strains, we lack data on the ecology of mosquitoes that could impact the success of this approach. although studies of intra-specific competition have been conducted using ae. aegypti larvae, none of these studies examine mixed age cohorts at densities that occur in the field, with natural nutrient levels. experiments were conducted in mex ...201323669230
host and viral features of human dengue cases shape the population of infected and infectious aedes aegypti mosquitoes.dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease of humans. the host and virus variables associated with dengue virus (denv) transmission from symptomatic dengue cases (n = 208) to aedes aegypti mosquitoes during 407 independent exposure events was defined. the 50% mosquito infectious dose for each of denv-1-4 ranged from 6.29 to 7.52 log10 rna copies/ml of plasma. increasing day of illness, declining viremia, and rising antibody titers were independently associated with reduced risk of denv trans ...201323674683
chemometric studies on potential larvicidal compounds against aedes aegypti.the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) is the vector of yellow and dengue fever. in this study, chemometric tools, such as, principal component analysis (pca), consensus pca (cpca), and partial least squares regression (pls), were applied to a set of fifty five active compounds against ae. aegypti larvae, which includes terpenes, cyclic alcohols, phenolic compounds, and their synthetic derivatives. the calculations were performed using the volsurf+ program. cpca analysis suggests that t ...201423676010
temporal and spatial distribution of dengue vector mosquitoes and their habitat patterns in penang island, malaysia.we studied the diversity of aedes breeding sites in various urban, suburban, and rural areas over time between february 2009 and february 2010 in the dengue endemic areas of penang island, malaysia. we categorized the breeding sites and efficiency, and identified the key breeding containers. among the 3 areas, the rural areas produced the highest container index (55), followed by suburban (42) and urban (32) areas. the numbers of key premises and containers were significantly higher (p < 0.000) ...201323687853
mosquitocidal properties of basella rubra and cleome viscosa against aedes aegypti (linn.) (diptera:culicidae).to investigate the larvicidal and ovicidal activities of acetone, benzene, hexane and methanol leaf extracts of basella rubra and cleome viscosa against dengue vector, aedes aegypti.201323690200
relationship between rainfall and aedes larval population at two insular sites in pulau ketam, selangor, malaysia.two insular settlements (kampung pulau ketam and kampung sungai lima) were selected to study the population dynamics of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes, vectors of dengue and chikungunya infections. ovitrap surveillance was conducted between october 2007 and october 2008. there was an inverse negative association between ovitrap index and rainfall at the time of collection, probably because rainfall increased the number of available oviposition sites. rainfall and ovitrap index wer ...201323691624
development and evaluation of a pyriproxyfen-treated device to control the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera:culicidae).the resurgence of dengue fever and the chikungunya epidemic make the control of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the vectors of these diseases, critically important. we developed and evaluated an ae. aegypti control device that is visually-attractive to mosquitoes. this pyriproxyfen-treated device was evaluated for its impact on ae. aegypti egg production and population dynamics in dengue-endemic areas in thailand. the device consists of a "high rise" shaped ovitrap/ resting station covered with black ...201323691625
disruption of aedes aegypti olfactory system development through chitosan/sirna nanoparticle targeting of semaphorin-1a.despite the devastating impact of mosquito-borne illnesses on human health, surprisingly little is known about mosquito developmental biology, including development of the olfactory system, a tissue of vector importance. analysis of mosquito olfactory developmental genetics has been hindered by a lack of means to target specific genes during the development of this sensory system. in this investigation, chitosan/sirna nanoparticles were used to target semaphorin-1a (sema1a) during olfactory syst ...201323696908
a case study of the influence of local weather on aedes aegypti (l.) aging and mortality.the survival rate of mosquitoes is an important topic that affects many aspects of decision-making in mosquito management. this study aims to estimate the variability in the survival rate of ae. aegypti, and climate factors that are related to such variability. it is generally assumed that the daily probability of mosquito survival is independent of natural environment conditions and age. to test this assumption, a three-year fieldwork (2005-2007) and experimental study was conducted at fortalez ...201323701604
inter-population mating success in australian dengue vector mosquitoes: effects of laboratory colonization and implications for the spread of transgenics.variability between aedes aegypti populations in north queensland, australia, has the potential to impact the successful implementation of new population replacement mosquito releases for dengue control. four ae. aegypti colonies originating from different locations (cairns, mareeba, innisfail, and charters towers), along with one f1 field-derived population from cairns, were inter-crossed to determine any incompatibilities in copulation, insemination, and production of viable offspring. greater ...201323701615
development and laboratory evaluation of chemically-based baited ovitrap for the monitoring of aedes aegypti.aedes (stegomyia) aegypti is considered to be the most important dengue vector worldwide. studies were conducted to design and evaluate a chemically-based baited ovitrap for monitoring ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions. several known chemical attractants and three types of ovitraps (ovitraps a, b, and c) were evaluated throughout the oviposition bioassays. oviposition responses of gravid female ae. aegypti were evaluated to n-heneicosane, 3-methylindole (skatole), 4-methylphenol (p-cresol) ...201323701623
the larvicidal activity of brown algae padina minor (yamada 1925) and dicyota linearis (greville 1830) against the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (linn 1762) (diptera: culicidae). 201323703444
identification of novel arthropod vector g protein-coupled receptors.the control of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, and typhus fever is often achieved with the use of insecticides. unfortunately, insecticide resistance is becoming common among different vector species. there are currently no chemical alternatives to these insecticides because new human-safe classes of molecules have yet to be brought to the vector-control market. the identification of novel targets offer opportunities for rational design of new chemistries to control vector ...201323705687
[susceptibility of natural populations of dengue vector to insecticides in colombia].physiological resistance of natural population of aedes aegypti to insecticides contribute to the decreased efficacy of chemical control as a main control strategy during dengue outbreaks.201223715182
body size and wing shape measurements as quality indicators of aedes aegypti mosquitoes destined for field release.there is increasing interest in rearing modified mosquitoes for mass release to control vector-borne diseases, particularly wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti for suppression of dengue. successful introductions require release of high quality mosquitoes into natural populations. potential indicators of quality are body size and shape. we tested to determine if size, wing/thorax ratio, and wing shape are associated with field fitness of wolbachia-infected ae. aegypti. compared with field-collected ...201323716403
orco mutant mosquitoes lose strong preference for humans and are not repelled by volatile deet.female mosquitoes of some species are generalists and will blood-feed on a variety of vertebrate hosts, whereas others display marked host preference. anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti have evolved a strong preference for humans, making them dangerously efficient vectors of malaria and dengue haemorrhagic fever. specific host odours probably drive this strong preference because other attractive cues, including body heat and exhaled carbon dioxide (co2), are common to all warm-blooded hosts. in ...201323719379
oral toxicity of photorhabdus luminescens and xenorhabdus nematophila (enterobacteriaceae) against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).dengue fever is an important vector-borne disease, mainly transmitted by aedes aegypti. to date, there are no vaccines or effective drugs available against this arboviral disease. as mosquito control is practically the only method available to control dengue fever, alternative and cost-effective pest control strategies need to be explored. the gram-negative enteric bacteria xenorhabdus and photorhabdus are symbiotically associated with nematode parasites, which themselves are highly pathogenic f ...201323728731
towards a casa segura: a consumer product study of the effect of insecticide-treated curtains on aedes aegypti and dengue virus infections in the home.the home, or domicile, is the principal environment for transmission of dengue virus (denv) between humans and mosquito vectors. community-wide distribution of insecticide-treated curtains (itcs), mimicking vector control program-driven interventions, has shown promise to reduce denv infections. we conducted a casa segura consumer product intervention study in mérida, mexico to determine the potential to reduce intradomicillary denv transmission through itc use in individual homes. dengue virus ...201323732254
wolbachia uses a host microrna to regulate transcripts of a methyltransferase, contributing to dengue virus inhibition in aedes aegypti.the endosymbiont wolbachia is common among insects and known for the reproductive manipulations it exerts on hosts as well as inhibition of virus replication in their hosts. recently, we showed that wolbachia uses host micrornas to manipulate host gene expression for its efficient maintenance in the dengue mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. cytosine methylation is mediated by a group of proteins called dna (cytosine-5) methyltransferases, which are structurally and functionally conserved from proka ...201323733960
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